"blacken" meaning in English

See blacken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈblækən/ Audio: en-us-blacken.ogg [US] Forms: blackens [present, singular, third-person], blackening [participle, present], blackened [participle, past], blackened [past]
Rhymes: -ækən Etymology: From Middle English blaknen, blakkenen, equivalent to black + -en (verbal suffix). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|blaknen}} Middle English blaknen, {{m|enm|blakkenen}} blakkenen, {{af|en|black|-en|id2=inchoative|pos2=verbal suffix}} black + -en (verbal suffix) Head templates: {{en-verb}} blacken (third-person singular simple present blackens, present participle blackening, simple past and past participle blackened)
  1. (transitive, causative) To cause to be or become black. Tags: causative, transitive
    Sense id: en-blacken-en-verb-9Mt4XYZ1
  2. (intransitive, ergative) To become black. Tags: ergative, intransitive Synonyms (make black): black, denigrate Translations (become black): ⁧اِسْوَدَّ⁩ (iswadda) (Arabic), ⁧ܐܵܟܹܡ⁩ (ākēm) (Assyrian Neo-Aramaic), qaralmaq (Azerbaijani), чарне́ць (čarnjécʹ) [imperfective] (Belarusian), пачарне́ць (pačarnjécʹ) [perfective] (Belarusian), почернявам (počernjavam) (Bulgarian), nigriĝi (Esperanto), musteta (Finnish), mustaantua (Finnish), noircir (French), denegrir (Galician), befeketedik (Hungarian), nigreskar (Ido), annerirsi (Italian), czernieć [imperfective] (Polish), sczernieć [perfective] (Polish), poczernieć [perfective] (Polish), enegrecer (Portuguese), черне́ть (černétʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), почерне́ть (počernétʹ) [perfective] (Russian), sčernieť (Slovak), stmavnúť (Slovak), zotmieť (Slovak), svartna (Swedish), నల్లబడు (nallabaḍu) (Telugu), kararmak (Turkish), чорні́ти (čorníty) [imperfective] (Ukrainian), почорні́ти (počorníty) [perfective] (Ukrainian), зчорні́ти (zčorníty) [colloquial, perfective] (Ukrainian) Translations (make black): 𒈪 (/⁠salamu⁠/) (Akkadian), μελαίνω (melaínō) (Ancient Greek), ⁧سَوَّدَ⁩ (sawwada) (Arabic), ⁧ܡܲܟܸܡ⁩ (makkim) (Assyrian Neo-Aramaic), qaralamaq (Azerbaijani), qaraltmaq (Azerbaijani), почерням (počernjam) (Bulgarian), ennegrir (Catalan), nigrigi (Esperanto), mustata (Finnish), noircir (French), ennegrecer (Galician), schwärzen (German), αμαυρώνω (amavróno) (Greek), ⁧השחיר⁩ (hishkhír) (Hebrew), nigrigar (Ido), dubhaigh (Irish), annerire (Italian), sweartian (Old English), ⁧سیاه کردن⁩ (siyâh kardan) (Persian), czernić [imperfective] (Polish), zaczernić [perfective] (Polish), enegrecer (Portuguese), înnegri (Romanian), черни́ть (černítʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), зачерни́ть (začernítʹ) [perfective] (Russian), začierniť (Slovak), ennegrecer (Spanish), svärta (Swedish), నలుపుచేయు (nalupucēyu) (Telugu), karartmak (Turkish), чорни́ти (čornýty) [imperfective] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-blacken-en-verb-Okrbk97a Disambiguation of 'make black': 31 46 23 0 0 Disambiguation of 'become black': 26 73 0 1 0 Disambiguation of 'make black': 31 46 23 0 0
  3. (transitive, causative) To make dirty. Tags: causative, transitive Synonyms (make dirty): dirty, soil Translations (make dirty): qaralamaq (Azerbaijani), çirkləndirmək (Azerbaijani), batırmaq (Azerbaijani), цапам (capam) (Bulgarian), liata (Finnish), souiller (French), sporcare (Italian), denegrir (Portuguese), па́чкать (páčkatʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), испа́чкать (ispáčkatʹ) [perfective] (Russian), запа́чкать (zapáčkatʹ) [perfective] (Russian), мара́ть (marátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), измара́ть (izmarátʹ) [perfective] (Russian), замара́ть (zamarátʹ) [perfective] (Russian), загрязня́ть (zagrjaznjátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), загрязни́ть (zagrjaznítʹ) [perfective] (Russian), svärta (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-blacken-en-verb-4V5i8FFu Disambiguation of 'make dirty': 0 4 92 4 0 Disambiguation of 'make dirty': 0 0 96 4 0
  4. To defame or sully. Synonyms (defame): defame, denigrate, sully, taint, tarnish Translations (defame, sully): qaralamaq (Azerbaijani), очерням (očernjam) (Bulgarian), zwartmaken (Dutch), mustamaalata (Finnish), noircir (French), salir (French), αμαυρώνω (amavróno) (Greek), oczerniać [imperfective] (Polish), oczernić [perfective] (Polish), conspurcar (Portuguese), denegrir (Portuguese), черни́ть (černítʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), очерня́ть (očernjátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), очерни́ть (očernítʹ) [perfective] (Russian), očierniť (Slovak), tiznar (Spanish), svärta ner (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-blacken-en-verb-KFiBU0rt Disambiguation of 'defame': 4 16 6 73 1 Disambiguation of 'defame, sully': 4 1 4 90 1
  5. (transitive) To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-blacken-en-verb-zaQdAYoi
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: blackened crust

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for blacken meaning in English (15.4kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "blackened crust"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "blaknen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English blaknen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "blakkenen"
      },
      "expansion": "blakkenen",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "black",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "inchoative",
        "pos2": "verbal suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "black + -en (verbal suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English blaknen, blakkenen, equivalent to black + -en (verbal suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "blackens",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "blackening",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "blackened",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "blackened",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "blacken (third-person singular simple present blackens, present participle blackening, simple past and past participle blackened)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 157",
          "text": "Iron and coal were the magnets that drew railways to this land of lovely valleys and silent mountains—for such it was a century-and-a-half ago, before man blackened the valleys with the smoke of his forges, scarred the green hills with his shafts and waste-heaps, and drove the salmon from the quiet Rhondda and the murmuring Taff.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to be or become black."
      ],
      "id": "en-blacken-en-verb-9Mt4XYZ1",
      "links": [
        [
          "causative",
          "causative"
        ],
        [
          "black",
          "black"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, causative) To cause to be or become black."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The sky blackened as the storm clouds rolled in.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become black."
      ],
      "id": "en-blacken-en-verb-Okrbk97a",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, ergative) To become black."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "black"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "denigrate"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ergative",
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "akk",
          "lang": "Akkadian",
          "roman": "/⁠salamu⁠/",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "𒈪"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "sawwada",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "⁧سَوَّدَ⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "aii",
          "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
          "roman": "makkim",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "⁧ܡܲܟܸܡ⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "qaralamaq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "qaraltmaq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "počernjam",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "почерням"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "ennegrir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "nigrigi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "mustata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "noircir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "ennegrecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "schwärzen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "amavróno",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "αμαυρώνω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "melaínō",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "μελαίνω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "hishkhír",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "⁧השחיר⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "nigrigar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "dubhaigh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "annerire"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "sweartian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "siyâh kardan",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "⁧سیاه کردن⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "make black",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "czernić"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "make black",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "zaczernić"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "enegrecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "înnegri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "černítʹ",
          "sense": "make black",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "черни́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "začernítʹ",
          "sense": "make black",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "зачерни́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "začierniť"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "ennegrecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "svärta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "nalupucēyu",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "నలుపుచేయు"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "make black",
          "word": "karartmak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "čornýty",
          "sense": "make black",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "чорни́ти"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "iswadda",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "⁧اِسْوَدَّ⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "aii",
          "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
          "roman": "ākēm",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "⁧ܐܵܟܹܡ⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "qaralmaq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "čarnjécʹ",
          "sense": "become black",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "чарне́ць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "pačarnjécʹ",
          "sense": "become black",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "пачарне́ць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "počernjavam",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "почернявам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "nigriĝi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "musteta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "mustaantua"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "noircir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "denegrir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "befeketedik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "nigreskar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "annerirsi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "become black",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "czernieć"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "become black",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "sczernieć"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "become black",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "poczernieć"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "enegrecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "černétʹ",
          "sense": "become black",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "черне́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "počernétʹ",
          "sense": "become black",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "почерне́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "sčernieť"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "stmavnúť"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "zotmieť"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "svartna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "nallabaḍu",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "నల్లబడు"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "become black",
          "word": "kararmak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "čorníty",
          "sense": "become black",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "чорні́ти"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "počorníty",
          "sense": "become black",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "почорні́ти"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zčorníty",
          "sense": "become black",
          "tags": [
            "colloquial",
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "зчорні́ти"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To make dirty."
      ],
      "id": "en-blacken-en-verb-4V5i8FFu",
      "links": [
        [
          "causative",
          "causative"
        ],
        [
          "dirty",
          "dirty"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, causative) To make dirty."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 4 92 4 0",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "word": "dirty"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 4 92 4 0",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "word": "soil"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "word": "qaralamaq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "word": "çirkləndirmək"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "word": "batırmaq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "capam",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "word": "цапам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "word": "liata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "word": "souiller"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "word": "sporcare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "word": "denegrir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "páčkatʹ",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "па́чкать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ispáčkatʹ",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "испа́чкать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zapáčkatʹ",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "запа́чкать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "marátʹ",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "мара́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "izmarátʹ",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "измара́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zamarátʹ",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "замара́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zagrjaznjátʹ",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "загрязня́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zagrjaznítʹ",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "загрязни́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "make dirty",
          "word": "svärta"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To defame or sully."
      ],
      "id": "en-blacken-en-verb-KFiBU0rt",
      "links": [
        [
          "defame",
          "defame"
        ],
        [
          "sully",
          "sully"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 16 6 73 1",
          "sense": "defame",
          "word": "defame"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 16 6 73 1",
          "sense": "defame",
          "word": "denigrate"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 16 6 73 1",
          "sense": "defame",
          "word": "sully"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 16 6 73 1",
          "sense": "defame",
          "word": "taint"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 16 6 73 1",
          "sense": "defame",
          "word": "tarnish"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "word": "qaralamaq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "očernjam",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "word": "очерням"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "word": "zwartmaken"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "word": "mustamaalata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "word": "noircir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "word": "salir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "amavróno",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "word": "αμαυρώνω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "oczerniać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "oczernić"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "word": "conspurcar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "word": "denegrir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "černítʹ",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "черни́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "očernjátʹ",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "очерня́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "očernítʹ",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "очерни́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "word": "očierniť"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "word": "tiznar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "defame, sully",
          "word": "svärta ner"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
      ],
      "id": "en-blacken-en-verb-zaQdAYoi",
      "links": [
        [
          "cook",
          "cook"
        ],
        [
          "meat",
          "meat"
        ],
        [
          "fish",
          "fish"
        ],
        [
          "coat",
          "coat"
        ],
        [
          "pepper",
          "pepper"
        ],
        [
          "sear",
          "sear"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈblækən/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ækən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-blacken.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg/En-us-blacken.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "blacken"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "blackened crust"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "blaknen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English blaknen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "blakkenen"
      },
      "expansion": "blakkenen",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "black",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "inchoative",
        "pos2": "verbal suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "black + -en (verbal suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English blaknen, blakkenen, equivalent to black + -en (verbal suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "blackens",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "blackening",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "blackened",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "blackened",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "blacken (third-person singular simple present blackens, present participle blackening, simple past and past participle blackened)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 157",
          "text": "Iron and coal were the magnets that drew railways to this land of lovely valleys and silent mountains—for such it was a century-and-a-half ago, before man blackened the valleys with the smoke of his forges, scarred the green hills with his shafts and waste-heaps, and drove the salmon from the quiet Rhondda and the murmuring Taff.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to be or become black."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "causative",
          "causative"
        ],
        [
          "black",
          "black"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, causative) To cause to be or become black."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English ergative verbs",
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The sky blackened as the storm clouds rolled in.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become black."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, ergative) To become black."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ergative",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make dirty."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "causative",
          "causative"
        ],
        [
          "dirty",
          "dirty"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, causative) To make dirty."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To defame or sully."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "defame",
          "defame"
        ],
        [
          "sully",
          "sully"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cook",
          "cook"
        ],
        [
          "meat",
          "meat"
        ],
        [
          "fish",
          "fish"
        ],
        [
          "coat",
          "coat"
        ],
        [
          "pepper",
          "pepper"
        ],
        [
          "sear",
          "sear"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈblækən/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ækən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-blacken.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg/En-us-blacken.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "black"
    },
    {
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "denigrate"
    },
    {
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "word": "dirty"
    },
    {
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "word": "soil"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defame",
      "word": "defame"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defame",
      "word": "denigrate"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defame",
      "word": "sully"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defame",
      "word": "taint"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defame",
      "word": "tarnish"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "akk",
      "lang": "Akkadian",
      "roman": "/⁠salamu⁠/",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "𒈪"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "sawwada",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "⁧سَوَّدَ⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "aii",
      "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
      "roman": "makkim",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "⁧ܡܲܟܸܡ⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "qaralamaq"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "qaraltmaq"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "počernjam",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "почерням"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "ennegrir"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "nigrigi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "mustata"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "noircir"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "ennegrecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "schwärzen"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "amavróno",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "αμαυρώνω"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "melaínō",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "μελαίνω"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "hishkhír",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "⁧השחיר⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "nigrigar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "dubhaigh"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "annerire"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "sweartian"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "siyâh kardan",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "⁧سیاه کردن⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "make black",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "czernić"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "make black",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zaczernić"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "enegrecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "înnegri"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "černítʹ",
      "sense": "make black",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "черни́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "začernítʹ",
      "sense": "make black",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "зачерни́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "začierniť"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "ennegrecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "svärta"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "nalupucēyu",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "నలుపుచేయు"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "make black",
      "word": "karartmak"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "čornýty",
      "sense": "make black",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "чорни́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "word": "qaralamaq"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "word": "çirkləndirmək"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "word": "batırmaq"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "capam",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "word": "цапам"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "word": "liata"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "word": "souiller"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "word": "sporcare"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "word": "denegrir"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "páčkatʹ",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "па́чкать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ispáčkatʹ",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "испа́чкать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zapáčkatʹ",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "запа́чкать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "marátʹ",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "мара́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "izmarátʹ",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "измара́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zamarátʹ",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "замара́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zagrjaznjátʹ",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "загрязня́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zagrjaznítʹ",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "загрязни́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "make dirty",
      "word": "svärta"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "word": "qaralamaq"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "očernjam",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "word": "очерням"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "word": "zwartmaken"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "word": "mustamaalata"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "word": "noircir"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "word": "salir"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "amavróno",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "word": "αμαυρώνω"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "oczerniać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "oczernić"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "word": "conspurcar"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "word": "denegrir"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "černítʹ",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "черни́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "očernjátʹ",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "очерня́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "očernítʹ",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "очерни́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "word": "očierniť"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "word": "tiznar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "defame, sully",
      "word": "svärta ner"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "iswadda",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "⁧اِسْوَدَّ⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "aii",
      "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
      "roman": "ākēm",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "⁧ܐܵܟܹܡ⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "qaralmaq"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "čarnjécʹ",
      "sense": "become black",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "чарне́ць"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "pačarnjécʹ",
      "sense": "become black",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "пачарне́ць"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "počernjavam",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "почернявам"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "nigriĝi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "musteta"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "mustaantua"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "noircir"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "denegrir"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "befeketedik"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "nigreskar"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "annerirsi"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "become black",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "czernieć"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "become black",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "sczernieć"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "become black",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "poczernieć"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "enegrecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "černétʹ",
      "sense": "become black",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "черне́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "počernétʹ",
      "sense": "become black",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "почерне́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "sčernieť"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "stmavnúť"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "zotmieť"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "svartna"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "nallabaḍu",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "నల్లబడు"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "become black",
      "word": "kararmak"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "čorníty",
      "sense": "become black",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "чорні́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "počorníty",
      "sense": "become black",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "почорні́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zčorníty",
      "sense": "become black",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "зчорні́ти"
    }
  ],
  "word": "blacken"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.