See blacken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blackened crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blackener"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blackenization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blackenize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "overblacken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "reblacken"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "blaknen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English blaknen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "black",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "inchoative",
"pos2": "verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "black + -en (verbal suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English blaknen, blakkenen, equivalent to black + -en (verbal suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "blackens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "blackening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "blackened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "blackened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "blacken (third-person singular simple present blackens, present participle blackening, simple past and past participle blackened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 157:",
"text": "Iron and coal were the magnets that drew railways to this land of lovely valleys and silent mountains—for such it was a century-and-a-half ago, before man blackened the valleys with the smoke of his forges, scarred the green hills with his shafts and waste-heaps, and drove the salmon from the quiet Rhondda and the murmuring Taff.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to be or become black."
],
"id": "en-blacken-en-verb-9Mt4XYZ1",
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative"
],
[
"black",
"black"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, causative) To cause to be or become black."
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The sky blackened as the storm clouds rolled in.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become black."
],
"id": "en-blacken-en-verb-Okrbk97a",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, ergative) To become black."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "black"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "denigrate"
}
],
"tags": [
"ergative",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "akk",
"lang": "Akkadian",
"roman": "/salamu/",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "𒈪"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "zeshk"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "nxij"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sawwada",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "سَوَّدَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "makkim",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ܡܲܟܸܡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "qaraltmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "počernjam",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "почерням"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "nigrigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "mustata"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "schwärzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "amavróno",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "αμαυρώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "melaínō",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "μελαίνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hishkhír",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "השחיר"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "nigrigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "dubhaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "annerire"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kāḷe karṇe",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "काळे करणे"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "sweartian"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "siyâh kardan",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "سیاه کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "czernić"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaczernić"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "enegrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "înnegri"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "začernítʹ",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зачерни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "začierniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "svärta"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nalupucēyu",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "నలుపుచేయు"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "karartmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čornýty",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чорни́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iswadda",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "اِسْوَدَّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "ākēm",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "ܐܵܟܹܡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "qaralmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "čarnjécʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чарне́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pačarnjécʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пачарне́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "počernjavam",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "почернявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "nigriĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "musteta"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "mustaantua"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "verdunkeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "befeketedik"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "nigreskar"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "musseta"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "annerirsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kāḷe hoṇe",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "काळे होणे"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "czernieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sczernieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poczernieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "enegrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černétʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черне́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "počernétʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "почерне́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "sčernieť"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "stmavnúť"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "zotmieť"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "svartna"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nallabaḍu",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "నల్లబడు"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "kararmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чорні́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "почорні́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zčorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"perfective"
],
"word": "зчорні́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make dirty."
],
"id": "en-blacken-en-verb-4V5i8FFu",
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, causative) To make dirty."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 4 92 4 0",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "dirty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 4 92 4 0",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "soil"
}
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "çirkləndirmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "batırmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "capam",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "цапам"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "liata"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "souiller"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sporcare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "па́чкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispáčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "испа́чкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zapáčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "запа́чкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "marátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izmarátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "измара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zamarátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "замара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznjátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "загрязня́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznítʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "загрязни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "svärta"
}
]
},
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"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 8 53 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 9 9 53 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 7 7 47 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 6 6 64 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 8 8 58 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 9 53 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 8 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 9 53 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 8 53 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 9 9 54 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 8 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 15 9 37 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 8 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 8 53 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 9 53 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 8 53 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 10 10 50 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 8 8 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 9 53 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 8 8 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 8 53 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To defame or sully."
],
"id": "en-blacken-en-verb-KFiBU0rt",
"links": [
[
"defame",
"defame"
],
[
"sully",
"sully"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "3 17 2 77 1",
"sense": "defame",
"word": "defame"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 17 2 77 1",
"sense": "defame",
"word": "denigrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 17 2 77 1",
"sense": "defame",
"word": "sully"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 17 2 77 1",
"sense": "defame",
"word": "taint"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 17 2 77 1",
"sense": "defame",
"word": "tarnish"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "očernjam",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "очерням"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "zwartmaken"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "mustamaalata"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "salir"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "amavróno",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "αμαυρώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "oczerniać"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "oczernić"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "conspurcar"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "očernjátʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "очерня́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "očernítʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "очерни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "očierniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "tiznar"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 91 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "svärta ner"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
],
"id": "en-blacken-en-verb-zaQdAYoi",
"links": [
[
"cook",
"cook"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"coat",
"coat"
],
[
"pepper",
"pepper"
],
[
"sear",
"sear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈblækən/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-blacken.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg/En-us-blacken.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ækən"
}
],
"word": "blacken"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ækən",
"Rhymes:English/ækən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Akkadian translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blackened crust"
},
{
"word": "blackener"
},
{
"word": "blackenization"
},
{
"word": "blackenize"
},
{
"word": "overblacken"
},
{
"word": "reblacken"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "blaknen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English blaknen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "black",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "inchoative",
"pos2": "verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "black + -en (verbal suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English blaknen, blakkenen, equivalent to black + -en (verbal suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "blackens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "blackening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "blackened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "blackened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "blacken (third-person singular simple present blackens, present participle blackening, simple past and past participle blackened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 157:",
"text": "Iron and coal were the magnets that drew railways to this land of lovely valleys and silent mountains—for such it was a century-and-a-half ago, before man blackened the valleys with the smoke of his forges, scarred the green hills with his shafts and waste-heaps, and drove the salmon from the quiet Rhondda and the murmuring Taff.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to be or become black."
],
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative"
],
[
"black",
"black"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, causative) To cause to be or become black."
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English ergative verbs",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The sky blackened as the storm clouds rolled in.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become black."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, ergative) To become black."
],
"tags": [
"ergative",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make dirty."
],
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, causative) To make dirty."
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To defame or sully."
],
"links": [
[
"defame",
"defame"
],
[
"sully",
"sully"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
],
"links": [
[
"cook",
"cook"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"coat",
"coat"
],
[
"pepper",
"pepper"
],
[
"sear",
"sear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈblækən/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-blacken.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg/En-us-blacken.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ækən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "make black",
"word": "black"
},
{
"sense": "make black",
"word": "denigrate"
},
{
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "dirty"
},
{
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "soil"
},
{
"sense": "defame",
"word": "defame"
},
{
"sense": "defame",
"word": "denigrate"
},
{
"sense": "defame",
"word": "sully"
},
{
"sense": "defame",
"word": "taint"
},
{
"sense": "defame",
"word": "tarnish"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "akk",
"lang": "Akkadian",
"roman": "/salamu/",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "𒈪"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "zeshk"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "nxij"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sawwada",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "سَوَّدَ"
},
{
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "makkim",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ܡܲܟܸܡ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "qaraltmaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "počernjam",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "почерням"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrir"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "nigrigi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "mustata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrecer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "schwärzen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "amavróno",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "αμαυρώνω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "melaínō",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "μελαίνω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hishkhír",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "השחיר"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "nigrigar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "dubhaigh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "annerire"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kāḷe karṇe",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "काळे करणे"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "sweartian"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "siyâh kardan",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "سیاه کردن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "czernić"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaczernić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "enegrecer"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "înnegri"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "začernítʹ",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зачерни́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "začierniť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrecer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "svärta"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nalupucēyu",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "నలుపుచేయు"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "karartmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čornýty",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чорни́ти"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "çirkləndirmək"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "batırmaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "capam",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "цапам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "liata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "souiller"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sporcare"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "па́чкать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispáčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "испа́чкать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zapáčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "запа́чкать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "marátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мара́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izmarátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "измара́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zamarátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "замара́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznjátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "загрязня́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznítʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "загрязни́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "svärta"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "očernjam",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "очерням"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "zwartmaken"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "mustamaalata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "salir"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "amavróno",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "αμαυρώνω"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "oczerniać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "oczernić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "conspurcar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "očernjátʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "очерня́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "očernítʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "очерни́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "očierniť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "tiznar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "svärta ner"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iswadda",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "اِسْوَدَّ"
},
{
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "ākēm",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "ܐܵܟܹܡ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "qaralmaq"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "čarnjécʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чарне́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pačarnjécʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пачарне́ць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "počernjavam",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "почернявам"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "nigriĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "musteta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "mustaantua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "verdunkeln"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "befeketedik"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "nigreskar"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "musseta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "annerirsi"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kāḷe hoṇe",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "काळे होणे"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "czernieć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sczernieć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poczernieć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "enegrecer"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černétʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черне́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "počernétʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "почерне́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "sčernieť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "stmavnúť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "zotmieť"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "svartna"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nallabaḍu",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "నల్లబడు"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "kararmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чорні́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "почорні́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zčorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"perfective"
],
"word": "зчорні́ти"
}
],
"word": "blacken"
}
Download raw JSONL data for blacken meaning in English (15.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.