"souiller" meaning in French

See souiller in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /su.je/ Audio: Fr-souiller.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Middle French souiller, from Old French soillier, souillier (“to soil, make dirty, wallow in mire”), from Frankish *sulwijan (“to make dirty, soil”), from Proto-Germanic *sulwijaną, *saulijaną (“to soil, make dirty”), from Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid, mud”). Cognate with Old Saxon sulian (“to soil, mire”), Middle Dutch soluwen, seulewen (“to soil, besmirch”), Old High German solagōn, bisullen (“to make dirty”), German suhlen (“to soil, make dirty”), Old English solian, sylian (“to soil, sully”), Danish søle (“to make dirty, defile”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan, “to bemire”). More at soil. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|frm|souiller|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle French souiller, {{inh+|fr|frm|souiller}} Inherited from Middle French souiller, {{inh|fr|fro|soillier}} Old French soillier, {{m|fro|souillier||to soil, make dirty, wallow in mire}} souillier (“to soil, make dirty, wallow in mire”), {{der|fr|frk|*sulwijan|t=to make dirty, soil}} Frankish *sulwijan (“to make dirty, soil”), {{der|fr|gem-pro|*sulwijaną}} Proto-Germanic *sulwijaną, {{m|gem-pro|*saulijaną|t=to soil, make dirty}} *saulijaną (“to soil, make dirty”), {{der|fr|ine-pro|*sūl-|t=thick liquid, mud}} Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid, mud”), {{cog|osx|sulian||to soil, mire}} Old Saxon sulian (“to soil, mire”), {{cog|dum|soluwen}} Middle Dutch soluwen, {{m|dum|seulewen||to soil, besmirch}} seulewen (“to soil, besmirch”), {{cog|goh|solagōn}} Old High German solagōn, {{m|goh|bisullen||to make dirty}} bisullen (“to make dirty”), {{cog|de|suhlen||to soil, make dirty}} German suhlen (“to soil, make dirty”), {{cog|ang|solian}} Old English solian, {{m|ang|sylian||to soil, sully}} sylian (“to soil, sully”), {{cog|da|søle||to make dirty, defile}} Danish søle (“to make dirty, defile”), {{cog|got|𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽||to bemire}} Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan, “to bemire”) Head templates: {{fr-verb}} souiller Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], souiller [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], souillant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], souillé [participle, past], souille [first-person, indicative, present, singular], souilles [indicative, present, second-person, singular], souille [indicative, present, singular, third-person], souillons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], souillez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], souillent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], souillais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], souillais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], souillait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], souillions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], souilliez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], souillaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], souillai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], souillas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], souilla [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], souillâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], souillâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], souillèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], souillerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], souilleras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], souillera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], souillerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], souillerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], souilleront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], souillerais [conditional, first-person, singular], souillerais [conditional, second-person, singular], souillerait [conditional, singular, third-person], souillerions [conditional, first-person, plural], souilleriez [conditional, plural, second-person], souilleraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], souille [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], souilles [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], souille [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], souillions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], souilliez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], souillent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], souillasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], souillasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], souillât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], souillassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], souillassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], souillassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], souille [imperative, second-person, singular], souillons [first-person, imperative, plural], souillez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. (transitive) to soil, sully, dirty Tags: transitive Synonyms: salir
    Sense id: en-souiller-fr-verb-YuwPJcrv Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 27 40 33 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 31 34 35
  2. (transitive) to make unclean or impure; defile, profane Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-souiller-fr-verb-~SRoASix Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 27 40 33 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 31 34 35
  3. (figuratively, transitive) to blacken, besmirch, defile Tags: figuratively, transitive
    Sense id: en-souiller-fr-verb-LLHnaiag Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 27 40 33 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 31 34 35
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: souillure

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for souiller meaning in French (13.5kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "souillure"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "souiller",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French souiller",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "souiller"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French souiller",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "soillier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French soillier",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "souillier",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to soil, make dirty, wallow in mire"
      },
      "expansion": "souillier (“to soil, make dirty, wallow in mire”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*sulwijan",
        "t": "to make dirty, soil"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *sulwijan (“to make dirty, soil”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sulwijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sulwijaną",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*saulijaną",
        "t": "to soil, make dirty"
      },
      "expansion": "*saulijaną (“to soil, make dirty”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sūl-",
        "t": "thick liquid, mud"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid, mud”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "sulian",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to soil, mire"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon sulian (“to soil, mire”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "soluwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch soluwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "seulewen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to soil, besmirch"
      },
      "expansion": "seulewen (“to soil, besmirch”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "solagōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German solagōn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "bisullen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to make dirty"
      },
      "expansion": "bisullen (“to make dirty”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "suhlen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to soil, make dirty"
      },
      "expansion": "German suhlen (“to soil, make dirty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "solian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English solian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "sylian",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to soil, sully"
      },
      "expansion": "sylian (“to soil, sully”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "søle",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to make dirty, defile"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish søle (“to make dirty, defile”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bemire"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan, “to bemire”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French souiller, from Old French soillier, souillier (“to soil, make dirty, wallow in mire”), from Frankish *sulwijan (“to make dirty, soil”), from Proto-Germanic *sulwijaną, *saulijaną (“to soil, make dirty”), from Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid, mud”). Cognate with Old Saxon sulian (“to soil, mire”), Middle Dutch soluwen, seulewen (“to soil, besmirch”), Old High German solagōn, bisullen (“to make dirty”), German suhlen (“to soil, make dirty”), Old English solian, sylian (“to soil, sully”), Danish søle (“to make dirty, defile”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan, “to bemire”). More at soil.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souiller",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillant",
      "ipa": "/su.jɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillé",
      "ipa": "/su.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souille",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilles",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souille",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillons",
      "ipa": "/su.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillez",
      "ipa": "/su.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillent",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillais",
      "ipa": "/su.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillais",
      "ipa": "/su.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillait",
      "ipa": "/su.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillions",
      "ipa": "/suj.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilliez",
      "ipa": "/suj.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillaient",
      "ipa": "/su.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillai",
      "ipa": "/su.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillas",
      "ipa": "/su.ja/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilla",
      "ipa": "/su.ja/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillâmes",
      "ipa": "/su.jam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillâtes",
      "ipa": "/su.jat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillèrent",
      "ipa": "/su.jɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillerai",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilleras",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillera",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillerons",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillerez",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilleront",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillerais",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillerais",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillerait",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillerions",
      "ipa": "/su.jə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilleriez",
      "ipa": "/su.jə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilleraient",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souille",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilles",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souille",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillions",
      "ipa": "/suj.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilliez",
      "ipa": "/suj.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillent",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillasse",
      "ipa": "/su.jas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillasses",
      "ipa": "/su.jas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillât",
      "ipa": "/su.ja/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillassions",
      "ipa": "/su.ja.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillassiez",
      "ipa": "/su.ja.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillassent",
      "ipa": "/su.jas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souille",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillons",
      "ipa": "/su.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillez",
      "ipa": "/su.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "souiller",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 40 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 34 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to soil, sully, dirty"
      ],
      "id": "en-souiller-fr-verb-YuwPJcrv",
      "links": [
        [
          "soil",
          "soil"
        ],
        [
          "sully",
          "sully"
        ],
        [
          "dirty",
          "dirty"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to soil, sully, dirty"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "salir"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 40 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 34 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to make unclean or impure; defile, profane"
      ],
      "id": "en-souiller-fr-verb-~SRoASix",
      "links": [
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "unclean",
          "unclean"
        ],
        [
          "impure",
          "impure"
        ],
        [
          "defile",
          "defile"
        ],
        [
          "profane",
          "profane"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to make unclean or impure; defile, profane"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 40 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 34 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to blacken, besmirch, defile"
      ],
      "id": "en-souiller-fr-verb-LLHnaiag",
      "links": [
        [
          "blacken",
          "blacken"
        ],
        [
          "besmirch",
          "besmirch"
        ],
        [
          "defile",
          "defile"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively, transitive) to blacken, besmirch, defile"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/su.je/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-souiller.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Fr-souiller.ogg/Fr-souiller.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Fr-souiller.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "souiller"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Frankish",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "French terms inherited from Middle French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with audio links",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "souillure"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "souiller",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French souiller",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "souiller"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French souiller",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "soillier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French soillier",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "souillier",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to soil, make dirty, wallow in mire"
      },
      "expansion": "souillier (“to soil, make dirty, wallow in mire”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*sulwijan",
        "t": "to make dirty, soil"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *sulwijan (“to make dirty, soil”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sulwijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sulwijaną",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*saulijaną",
        "t": "to soil, make dirty"
      },
      "expansion": "*saulijaną (“to soil, make dirty”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sūl-",
        "t": "thick liquid, mud"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid, mud”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "sulian",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to soil, mire"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon sulian (“to soil, mire”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "soluwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch soluwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "seulewen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to soil, besmirch"
      },
      "expansion": "seulewen (“to soil, besmirch”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "solagōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German solagōn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "bisullen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to make dirty"
      },
      "expansion": "bisullen (“to make dirty”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "suhlen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to soil, make dirty"
      },
      "expansion": "German suhlen (“to soil, make dirty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "solian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English solian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "sylian",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to soil, sully"
      },
      "expansion": "sylian (“to soil, sully”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "søle",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to make dirty, defile"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish søle (“to make dirty, defile”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bemire"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan, “to bemire”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French souiller, from Old French soillier, souillier (“to soil, make dirty, wallow in mire”), from Frankish *sulwijan (“to make dirty, soil”), from Proto-Germanic *sulwijaną, *saulijaną (“to soil, make dirty”), from Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid, mud”). Cognate with Old Saxon sulian (“to soil, mire”), Middle Dutch soluwen, seulewen (“to soil, besmirch”), Old High German solagōn, bisullen (“to make dirty”), German suhlen (“to soil, make dirty”), Old English solian, sylian (“to soil, sully”), Danish søle (“to make dirty, defile”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan, “to bemire”). More at soil.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souiller",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillant",
      "ipa": "/su.jɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillé",
      "ipa": "/su.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souille",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilles",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souille",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillons",
      "ipa": "/su.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillez",
      "ipa": "/su.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillent",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillais",
      "ipa": "/su.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillais",
      "ipa": "/su.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillait",
      "ipa": "/su.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillions",
      "ipa": "/suj.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilliez",
      "ipa": "/suj.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillaient",
      "ipa": "/su.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillai",
      "ipa": "/su.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillas",
      "ipa": "/su.ja/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilla",
      "ipa": "/su.ja/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillâmes",
      "ipa": "/su.jam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillâtes",
      "ipa": "/su.jat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillèrent",
      "ipa": "/su.jɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillerai",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilleras",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillera",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillerons",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillerez",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilleront",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillerais",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillerais",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillerait",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillerions",
      "ipa": "/su.jə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilleriez",
      "ipa": "/su.jə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilleraient",
      "ipa": "/suj.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souille",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilles",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souille",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillions",
      "ipa": "/suj.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souilliez",
      "ipa": "/suj.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillent",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillasse",
      "ipa": "/su.jas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillasses",
      "ipa": "/su.jas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillât",
      "ipa": "/su.ja/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillassions",
      "ipa": "/su.ja.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillassiez",
      "ipa": "/su.ja.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillassent",
      "ipa": "/su.jas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souille",
      "ipa": "/suj/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillons",
      "ipa": "/su.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "souillez",
      "ipa": "/su.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "souiller",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to soil, sully, dirty"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "soil",
          "soil"
        ],
        [
          "sully",
          "sully"
        ],
        [
          "dirty",
          "dirty"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to soil, sully, dirty"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "salir"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to make unclean or impure; defile, profane"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "unclean",
          "unclean"
        ],
        [
          "impure",
          "impure"
        ],
        [
          "defile",
          "defile"
        ],
        [
          "profane",
          "profane"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to make unclean or impure; defile, profane"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to blacken, besmirch, defile"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "blacken",
          "blacken"
        ],
        [
          "besmirch",
          "besmirch"
        ],
        [
          "defile",
          "defile"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively, transitive) to blacken, besmirch, defile"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/su.je/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-souiller.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Fr-souiller.ogg/Fr-souiller.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Fr-souiller.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "souiller"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.