See tarnish in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*darnijan",
"t": "to conceal"
},
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{
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"2": "dern",
"3": "darn"
},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ternysshen, from Old French terniss-, stem of ternir (“to make dim, make wan”), borrowed from Old High German *ternen, tarnen, from Proto-West Germanic *darnijan (“to conceal”). Doublet of dern and darn.",
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"form": "tarnishes",
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"pos": "noun",
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"examples": [
{
"text": "1918, Hannah Teresa Rowley, Mrs. Helen Louise (Wales) Farrell, Principles of Chemistry Applied to the Household\nPrecipitated calcium carbonate, a very fine powdery form, is used as a basis for many tooth powders and pastes. As whiting it finds a wide use in cleaning metals of their tarnishes."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air."
],
"id": "en-tarnish-en-noun-lTwtvdeY",
"links": [
[
"Oxidation",
"oxidation"
],
[
"discoloration",
"discoloration"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potǎmnjavane",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "потъмняване"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"word": "hapettuma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"word": "tummentuma"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"word": "Anlaufen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"word": "Mattieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"word": "Beschlagen"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "çirk",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"word": "چرك"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zaśniedzenie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oxidação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potusknénije",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "потускне́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okislénije",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "окисле́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oxidación"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɑːnɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɑɹnɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-tarnish.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/En-us-tarnish.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ"
}
],
"word": "tarnish"
}
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"etymology_templates": [
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{
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"2": "fro",
"3": "ternir",
"4": "terniss-"
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"name": "der"
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},
"expansion": "Old High German *ternen",
"name": "der"
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"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
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"t": "to conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *darnijan (“to conceal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "dern",
"3": "darn"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of dern and darn",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ternysshen, from Old French terniss-, stem of ternir (“to make dim, make wan”), borrowed from Old High German *ternen, tarnen, from Proto-West Germanic *darnijan (“to conceal”). Doublet of dern and darn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tarnishes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tarnishing",
"tags": [
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tarnished",
"tags": [
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"past"
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"form": "tarnished",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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"examples": [
{
"text": "Careful storage of silver will prevent it from tarnishing.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To oxidize or discolor due to oxidation."
],
"id": "en-tarnish-en-verb-SHRyy5TN",
"links": [
[
"oxidize",
"oxidize"
],
[
"discolor",
"discolor"
],
[
"oxidation",
"oxidation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To oxidize or discolor due to oxidation."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potǎmnjavam",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "потъмнявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "hapettua"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "tummua"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "ternir"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "anlaufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "matt werden"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "beschlagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "śniedzieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaśniedzieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "oxidar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"english": "become discolored",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tusknétʹ",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "тускне́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"english": "make discolored",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "délatʹ túsklym",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "де́лать ту́склым"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "oxidar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He is afraid that she will tarnish his reputation if he disagrees with her.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 11, David Hytner, “Chelsea are in crisis but there is no will to leave club on their knees”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "There are normally anti-embarrassment clauses in such arrangements and, from a corporate social responsibility point of view, the upside of standing by a tarnished individual is often outweighed by the downside.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To compromise, damage, soil, or sully."
],
"id": "en-tarnish-en-verb-vu-TUnx9",
"links": [
[
"compromise",
"compromise#Verb"
],
[
"damage",
"damage#Verb"
],
[
"soil",
"soil#Verb"
],
[
"sully",
"sully"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To compromise, damage, soil, or sully."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "batırmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "liata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "tahria"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "trüben"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "beeinträchtigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "beflecken"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "besudeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "beschmutzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "amavróno",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "αμαυρώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "infamare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "disonorare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "brukać"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zbrukać"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "manchar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "ofuscar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pjatnátʹ",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "пятна́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poróčitʹ",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "поро́чить"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "pošpiniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "špiniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "poškodiť"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "poškodzovať"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "deslustrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "empañar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "tiznar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "desdorar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "fläcka"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "skamfila"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "besudla"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "skada"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 27 5 18 31",
"kind": "other",
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},
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1681, [John Dryden], Absalom and Achitophel. A Poem. […], 3rd edition, London: […] J[acob] T[onson] and are to be sold by W. Davis […], published 1682, →OCLC, page 7:",
"text": "Till thy freſh Glories, which now ſhine ſo bright, / Grow Stale and Tarniſh with our dayly ſight.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lose its lustre or attraction; to become dull."
],
"id": "en-tarnish-en-verb-NI8VQsjH",
"links": [
[
"lustre",
"lustre"
],
[
"attraction",
"attraction"
],
[
"dull",
"dull"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figurative) To lose its lustre or attraction; to become dull."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Copyright",
"orig": "en:Copyright",
"parents": [
"Intellectual property",
"Law",
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 39 5 7 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 27 8 9 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 36 6 6 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 30 6 8 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 31 6 6 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 33 6 6 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 32 9 8 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 31 7 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 34 6 6 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 27 5 18 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 29 8 11 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 29 5 7 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 30 6 8 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 32 6 6 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 31 6 6 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To use a sign, image, expression, etc. sufficiently close to a trademarked one that it brings disrepute to it."
],
"id": "en-tarnish-en-verb-PDdQPm-L",
"links": [
[
"copyright",
"copyright"
],
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"image",
"image"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"trademarked",
"trademark"
],
[
"disrepute",
"disrepute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copyright law) To use a sign, image, expression, etc. sufficiently close to a trademarked one that it brings disrepute to it."
],
"topics": [
"copyright",
"intellectual-property",
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɑːnɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɑɹnɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-tarnish.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/En-us-tarnish.ogg/En-us-tarnish.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/En-us-tarnish.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ"
}
],
"word": "tarnish"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Old High German",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ternysshen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ternysshen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ternir",
"4": "terniss-"
},
"expansion": "Old French terniss-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "goh",
"3": "*ternen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German *ternen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*darnijan",
"t": "to conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *darnijan (“to conceal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dern",
"3": "darn"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of dern and darn",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ternysshen, from Old French terniss-, stem of ternir (“to make dim, make wan”), borrowed from Old High German *ternen, tarnen, from Proto-West Germanic *darnijan (“to conceal”). Doublet of dern and darn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tarnishes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "tarnish (usually uncountable, plural tarnishes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1918, Hannah Teresa Rowley, Mrs. Helen Louise (Wales) Farrell, Principles of Chemistry Applied to the Household\nPrecipitated calcium carbonate, a very fine powdery form, is used as a basis for many tooth powders and pastes. As whiting it finds a wide use in cleaning metals of their tarnishes."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air."
],
"links": [
[
"Oxidation",
"oxidation"
],
[
"discoloration",
"discoloration"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɑːnɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɑɹnɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-tarnish.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/En-us-tarnish.ogg/En-us-tarnish.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/En-us-tarnish.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potǎmnjavane",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "потъмняване"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"word": "hapettuma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"word": "tummentuma"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"word": "Anlaufen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"word": "Mattieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"word": "Beschlagen"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "çirk",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"word": "چرك"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zaśniedzenie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oxidação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potusknénije",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "потускне́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okislénije",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "окисле́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "oxidation or discoloration, especially of a decorative metal exposed to air",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oxidación"
}
],
"word": "tarnish"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Old High German",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ternysshen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ternysshen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ternir",
"4": "terniss-"
},
"expansion": "Old French terniss-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "goh",
"3": "*ternen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German *ternen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*darnijan",
"t": "to conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *darnijan (“to conceal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dern",
"3": "darn"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of dern and darn",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ternysshen, from Old French terniss-, stem of ternir (“to make dim, make wan”), borrowed from Old High German *ternen, tarnen, from Proto-West Germanic *darnijan (“to conceal”). Doublet of dern and darn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tarnishes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tarnishing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tarnished",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tarnished",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tarnish (third-person singular simple present tarnishes, present participle tarnishing, simple past and past participle tarnished)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Careful storage of silver will prevent it from tarnishing.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To oxidize or discolor due to oxidation."
],
"links": [
[
"oxidize",
"oxidize"
],
[
"discolor",
"discolor"
],
[
"oxidation",
"oxidation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To oxidize or discolor due to oxidation."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He is afraid that she will tarnish his reputation if he disagrees with her.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 11, David Hytner, “Chelsea are in crisis but there is no will to leave club on their knees”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "There are normally anti-embarrassment clauses in such arrangements and, from a corporate social responsibility point of view, the upside of standing by a tarnished individual is often outweighed by the downside.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To compromise, damage, soil, or sully."
],
"links": [
[
"compromise",
"compromise#Verb"
],
[
"damage",
"damage#Verb"
],
[
"soil",
"soil#Verb"
],
[
"sully",
"sully"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To compromise, damage, soil, or sully."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1681, [John Dryden], Absalom and Achitophel. A Poem. […], 3rd edition, London: […] J[acob] T[onson] and are to be sold by W. Davis […], published 1682, →OCLC, page 7:",
"text": "Till thy freſh Glories, which now ſhine ſo bright, / Grow Stale and Tarniſh with our dayly ſight.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lose its lustre or attraction; to become dull."
],
"links": [
[
"lustre",
"lustre"
],
[
"attraction",
"attraction"
],
[
"dull",
"dull"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figurative) To lose its lustre or attraction; to become dull."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Copyright"
],
"glosses": [
"To use a sign, image, expression, etc. sufficiently close to a trademarked one that it brings disrepute to it."
],
"links": [
[
"copyright",
"copyright"
],
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"image",
"image"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"trademarked",
"trademark"
],
[
"disrepute",
"disrepute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copyright law) To use a sign, image, expression, etc. sufficiently close to a trademarked one that it brings disrepute to it."
],
"topics": [
"copyright",
"intellectual-property",
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɑːnɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɑɹnɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-tarnish.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/En-us-tarnish.ogg/En-us-tarnish.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/En-us-tarnish.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potǎmnjavam",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "потъмнявам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "hapettua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "tummua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "ternir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "anlaufen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "matt werden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "beschlagen"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "śniedzieć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaśniedzieć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "oxidar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "become discolored",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tusknétʹ",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "тускне́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "make discolored",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "délatʹ túsklym",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "де́лать ту́склым"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to oxidize or discolor due to oxidation",
"word": "oxidar"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "batırmaq"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "liata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "tahria"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "trüben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "beeinträchtigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "beflecken"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "besudeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "beschmutzen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "amavróno",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "αμαυρώνω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "infamare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "disonorare"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "brukać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zbrukać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "manchar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "ofuscar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pjatnátʹ",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "пятна́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poróčitʹ",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "поро́чить"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "pošpiniť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "špiniť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "poškodiť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "poškodzovať"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "deslustrar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "empañar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "tiznar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "desdorar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "fläcka"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "skamfila"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "besudla"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to compromise, damage, soil, or sully",
"word": "skada"
}
],
"word": "tarnish"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tarnish meaning in English (15.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.