See blacken on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for blacken meaning in All languages combined (16.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blackened crust"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "blaknen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English blaknen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "blakkenen"
},
"expansion": "blakkenen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "black",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "inchoative",
"pos2": "verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "black + -en (verbal suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English blaknen, blakkenen, equivalent to black + -en (verbal suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "blackens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "blackening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "blackened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "blackened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "blacken (third-person singular simple present blackens, present participle blackening, simple past and past participle blackened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 157",
"text": "Iron and coal were the magnets that drew railways to this land of lovely valleys and silent mountains—for such it was a century-and-a-half ago, before man blackened the valleys with the smoke of his forges, scarred the green hills with his shafts and waste-heaps, and drove the salmon from the quiet Rhondda and the murmuring Taff.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to be or become black."
],
"id": "en-blacken-en-verb-9Mt4XYZ1",
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative"
],
[
"black",
"black"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, causative) To cause to be or become black."
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The sky blackened as the storm clouds rolled in.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become black."
],
"id": "en-blacken-en-verb-Okrbk97a",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, ergative) To become black."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "black"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "denigrate"
}
],
"tags": [
"ergative",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "akk",
"lang": "Akkadian",
"roman": "/salamu/",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "𒈪"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sawwada",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "سَوَّدَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "makkim",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ܡܲܟܸܡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "qaraltmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "počernjam",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "почерням"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "nigrigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "mustata"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "schwärzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "amavróno",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "αμαυρώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "melaínō",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "μελαίνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hishkhír",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "השחיר"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "nigrigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "dubhaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "annerire"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "sweartian"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "siyâh kardan",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "سیاه کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "czernić"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaczernić"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "enegrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "înnegri"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "začernítʹ",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зачерни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "začierniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "svärta"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nalupucēyu",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "నలుపుచేయు"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "karartmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čornýty",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чорни́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iswadda",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "اِسْوَدَّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "ākēm",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "ܐܵܟܹܡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "qaralmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "čarnjécʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чарне́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pačarnjécʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пачарне́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "počernjavam",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "почернявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "nigriĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "musteta"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "mustaantua"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "befeketedik"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "nigreskar"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "annerirsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "czernieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sczernieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poczernieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "enegrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černétʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черне́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "počernétʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "почерне́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "sčernieť"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "stmavnúť"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "zotmieť"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "svartna"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nallabaḍu",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "నల్లబడు"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "kararmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чорні́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "почорні́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zčorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"perfective"
],
"word": "зчорні́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make dirty."
],
"id": "en-blacken-en-verb-4V5i8FFu",
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, causative) To make dirty."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 4 92 4 0",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "dirty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 4 92 4 0",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "soil"
}
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "çirkləndirmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "batırmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "capam",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "цапам"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "liata"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "souiller"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sporcare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "па́чкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispáčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "испа́чкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zapáčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "запа́чкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "marátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izmarátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "измара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zamarátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "замара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznjátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "загрязня́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznítʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "загрязни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "svärta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 10 10 44 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 12 12 39 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To defame or sully."
],
"id": "en-blacken-en-verb-KFiBU0rt",
"links": [
[
"defame",
"defame"
],
[
"sully",
"sully"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 17 2 76 1",
"sense": "defame",
"word": "defame"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 17 2 76 1",
"sense": "defame",
"word": "denigrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 17 2 76 1",
"sense": "defame",
"word": "sully"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 17 2 76 1",
"sense": "defame",
"word": "taint"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 17 2 76 1",
"sense": "defame",
"word": "tarnish"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "očernjam",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "очерням"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "zwartmaken"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "mustamaalata"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "salir"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "amavróno",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "αμαυρώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "oczerniać"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "oczernić"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "conspurcar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "očernjátʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "очерня́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "očernítʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "очерни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "očierniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "tiznar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "svärta ner"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
],
"id": "en-blacken-en-verb-zaQdAYoi",
"links": [
[
"cook",
"cook"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"coat",
"coat"
],
[
"pepper",
"pepper"
],
[
"sear",
"sear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈblækən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ækən"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-blacken.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg/En-us-blacken.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "blacken"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "blacken",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "black"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of black"
],
"id": "en-blacken-sv-noun-yxegdaai",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "blacken"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ækən",
"Rhymes:English/ækən/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blackened crust"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "blaknen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English blaknen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "blakkenen"
},
"expansion": "blakkenen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "black",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "inchoative",
"pos2": "verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "black + -en (verbal suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English blaknen, blakkenen, equivalent to black + -en (verbal suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "blackens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "blackening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "blackened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "blackened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "blacken (third-person singular simple present blackens, present participle blackening, simple past and past participle blackened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 157",
"text": "Iron and coal were the magnets that drew railways to this land of lovely valleys and silent mountains—for such it was a century-and-a-half ago, before man blackened the valleys with the smoke of his forges, scarred the green hills with his shafts and waste-heaps, and drove the salmon from the quiet Rhondda and the murmuring Taff.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to be or become black."
],
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative"
],
[
"black",
"black"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, causative) To cause to be or become black."
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English ergative verbs",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The sky blackened as the storm clouds rolled in.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become black."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, ergative) To become black."
],
"tags": [
"ergative",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make dirty."
],
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, causative) To make dirty."
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To defame or sully."
],
"links": [
[
"defame",
"defame"
],
[
"sully",
"sully"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
],
"links": [
[
"cook",
"cook"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"coat",
"coat"
],
[
"pepper",
"pepper"
],
[
"sear",
"sear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈblækən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ækən"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-blacken.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg/En-us-blacken.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "make black",
"word": "black"
},
{
"sense": "make black",
"word": "denigrate"
},
{
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "dirty"
},
{
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "soil"
},
{
"sense": "defame",
"word": "defame"
},
{
"sense": "defame",
"word": "denigrate"
},
{
"sense": "defame",
"word": "sully"
},
{
"sense": "defame",
"word": "taint"
},
{
"sense": "defame",
"word": "tarnish"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "akk",
"lang": "Akkadian",
"roman": "/salamu/",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "𒈪"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sawwada",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "سَوَّدَ"
},
{
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "makkim",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ܡܲܟܸܡ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "qaraltmaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "počernjam",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "почерням"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrir"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "nigrigi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "mustata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrecer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "schwärzen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "amavróno",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "αμαυρώνω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "melaínō",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "μελαίνω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hishkhír",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "השחיר"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "nigrigar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "dubhaigh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "annerire"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "sweartian"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "siyâh kardan",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "سیاه کردن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "czernić"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaczernić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "enegrecer"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "înnegri"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "začernítʹ",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зачерни́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "začierniť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrecer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "svärta"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nalupucēyu",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "నలుపుచేయు"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "karartmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čornýty",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чорни́ти"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "çirkləndirmək"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "batırmaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "capam",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "цапам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "liata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "souiller"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sporcare"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "па́чкать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispáčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "испа́чкать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zapáčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "запа́чкать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "marátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мара́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izmarátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "измара́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zamarátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "замара́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznjátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "загрязня́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznítʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "загрязни́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "svärta"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "očernjam",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "очерням"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "zwartmaken"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "mustamaalata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "salir"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "amavróno",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "αμαυρώνω"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "oczerniać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "oczernić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "conspurcar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "očernjátʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "очерня́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "očernítʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "очерни́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "očierniť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "tiznar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "svärta ner"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iswadda",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "اِسْوَدَّ"
},
{
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "ākēm",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "ܐܵܟܹܡ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "qaralmaq"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "čarnjécʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чарне́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pačarnjécʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пачарне́ць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "počernjavam",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "почернявам"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "nigriĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "musteta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "mustaantua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "befeketedik"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "nigreskar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "annerirsi"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "czernieć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sczernieć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poczernieć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "enegrecer"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černétʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черне́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "počernétʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "почерне́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "sčernieť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "stmavnúť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "zotmieť"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "svartna"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nallabaḍu",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "నల్లబడు"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "kararmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чорні́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "почорні́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zčorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"perfective"
],
"word": "зчорні́ти"
}
],
"word": "blacken"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "blacken",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish non-lemma forms",
"Swedish noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "black"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of black"
],
"links": [
[
"black",
"black#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "blacken"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.