See blacken on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for blacken meaning in All languages combined (14.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blackened crust"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "blaknen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English blaknen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "blakkenen"
},
"expansion": "blakkenen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "black",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "inchoative",
"pos2": "verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "black + -en (verbal suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English blaknen, blakkenen, equivalent to black + -en (verbal suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "blackens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "blackening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "blackened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "blackened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "blacken (third-person singular simple present blackens, present participle blackening, simple past and past participle blackened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 14 20 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 157",
"text": "Iron and coal were the magnets that drew railways to this land of lovely valleys and silent mountains—for such it was a century-and-a-half ago, before man blackened the valleys with the smoke of his forges, scarred the green hills with his shafts and waste-heaps, and drove the salmon from the quiet Rhondda and the murmuring Taff.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to be or become black."
],
"id": "blacken-en-verb-9Mt4XYZ1",
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative"
],
[
"black",
"black"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, causative) To cause to be or become black."
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The sky blackened as the storm clouds rolled in.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become black."
],
"id": "blacken-en-verb-Okrbk97a",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, ergative) To become black."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "black"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "denigrate"
}
],
"tags": [
"ergative",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "akk",
"lang": "Akkadian",
"roman": "/salamu/",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "𒈪"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sawwada",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "سَوَّدَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "qaraltmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "počernjam",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "почерням"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "nigrigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "mustata"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "schwärzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "amavróno",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "αμαυρώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "melaínō",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"Ancient"
],
"word": "μελαίνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hishkhír",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "השחיר"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "nigrigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "dubhaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "annerire"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "sweartian"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "siyâh kardan",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "سیاه کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "czernić"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaczernić"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "enegrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "înnegri"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "začernítʹ",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зачерни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "začierniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "svärta"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 46 23 0 0",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nalupucēyu",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "నలుపుచేయు"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iswadda",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "اِسْوَدَّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "qaralmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "čarnjécʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чарне́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pačarnjécʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пачарне́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "počernjavam",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "почернявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "nigriĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "musteta"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "mustaantua"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "befeketedik"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "nigreskar"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "czernieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sczernieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poczernieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "enegrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černétʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черне́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "počernétʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "почерне́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "sčernieť"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "stmavnúť"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "zotmieť"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "svartna"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nallabaḍu",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "నల్లబడు"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чорні́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "почорні́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 73 0 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zčorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"perfective"
],
"word": "зчорні́ти"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make dirty."
],
"id": "blacken-en-verb-4V5i8FFu",
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, causative) To make dirty."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 4 92 4 0",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "dirty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 4 92 4 0",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "soil"
}
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "çirkləndirmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "batırmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "capam",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "цапам"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "liata"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "souiller"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sporcare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "па́чкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispáčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "испа́чкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zapáčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "запа́чкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "marátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izmarátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "измара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zamarátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "замара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznjátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "загрязня́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznítʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "загрязни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "svärta"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To defame or sully."
],
"id": "blacken-en-verb-KFiBU0rt",
"links": [
[
"defame",
"defame"
],
[
"sully",
"sully"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 16 5 74 2",
"sense": "defame",
"word": "defame"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 16 5 74 2",
"sense": "defame",
"word": "denigrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 16 5 74 2",
"sense": "defame",
"word": "sully"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 16 5 74 2",
"sense": "defame",
"word": "taint"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 16 5 74 2",
"sense": "defame",
"word": "tarnish"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "očernjam",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "очерням"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "zwartmaken"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "mustamaalata"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "salir"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "amavróno",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "αμαυρώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "oczerniać"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "oczernić"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "conspurcar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "očernjátʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "очерня́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "očernítʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "очерни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "očierniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "tiznar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 90 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "svärta ner"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
],
"id": "blacken-en-verb-zaQdAYoi",
"links": [
[
"cook",
"cook"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"coat",
"coat"
],
[
"pepper",
"pepper"
],
[
"sear",
"sear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈblækən/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-blacken.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg/En-us-blacken.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ækən"
}
],
"word": "blacken"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ækən",
"Rhymes:English/ækən/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blackened crust"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "blaknen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English blaknen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "blakkenen"
},
"expansion": "blakkenen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "black",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "inchoative",
"pos2": "verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "black + -en (verbal suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English blaknen, blakkenen, equivalent to black + -en (verbal suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "blackens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "blackening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "blackened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "blackened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "blacken (third-person singular simple present blackens, present participle blackening, simple past and past participle blackened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 157",
"text": "Iron and coal were the magnets that drew railways to this land of lovely valleys and silent mountains—for such it was a century-and-a-half ago, before man blackened the valleys with the smoke of his forges, scarred the green hills with his shafts and waste-heaps, and drove the salmon from the quiet Rhondda and the murmuring Taff.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to be or become black."
],
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative"
],
[
"black",
"black"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, causative) To cause to be or become black."
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The sky blackened as the storm clouds rolled in.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become black."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, ergative) To become black."
],
"tags": [
"ergative",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make dirty."
],
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, causative) To make dirty."
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To defame or sully."
],
"links": [
[
"defame",
"defame"
],
[
"sully",
"sully"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
],
"links": [
[
"cook",
"cook"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"coat",
"coat"
],
[
"pepper",
"pepper"
],
[
"sear",
"sear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cook (meat or fish) by coating with pepper, etc., and quickly searing in a hot pan."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈblækən/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-blacken.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg/En-us-blacken.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/En-us-blacken.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ækən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "make black",
"word": "black"
},
{
"sense": "make black",
"word": "denigrate"
},
{
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "dirty"
},
{
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "soil"
},
{
"sense": "defame",
"word": "defame"
},
{
"sense": "defame",
"word": "denigrate"
},
{
"sense": "defame",
"word": "sully"
},
{
"sense": "defame",
"word": "taint"
},
{
"sense": "defame",
"word": "tarnish"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "akk",
"lang": "Akkadian",
"roman": "/salamu/",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "𒈪"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sawwada",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "سَوَّدَ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "qaraltmaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "počernjam",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "почерням"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrir"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "nigrigi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "mustata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrecer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "schwärzen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "amavróno",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "αμαυρώνω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "melaínō",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"Ancient"
],
"word": "μελαίνω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hishkhír",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "השחיר"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "nigrigar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "dubhaigh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "annerire"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "sweartian"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "siyâh kardan",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "سیاه کردن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "czernić"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaczernić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "enegrecer"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "înnegri"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "začernítʹ",
"sense": "make black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зачерни́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "začierniť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "ennegrecer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "svärta"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nalupucēyu",
"sense": "make black",
"word": "నలుపుచేయు"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "çirkləndirmək"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "batırmaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "capam",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "цапам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "liata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "souiller"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sporcare"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "па́чкать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispáčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "испа́чкать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zapáčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "запа́чкать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "marátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мара́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izmarátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "измара́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zamarátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "замара́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznjátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "загрязня́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznítʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "загрязни́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "svärta"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "qaralamaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "očernjam",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "очерням"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "zwartmaken"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "mustamaalata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "salir"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "amavróno",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "αμαυρώνω"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "oczerniać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "oczernić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "conspurcar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "očernjátʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "очерня́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "očernítʹ",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "очерни́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "očierniť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "tiznar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "defame, sully",
"word": "svärta ner"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iswadda",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "اِسْوَدَّ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "qaralmaq"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "čarnjécʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чарне́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pačarnjécʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пачарне́ць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "počernjavam",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "почернявам"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "nigriĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "musteta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "mustaantua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "noircir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "denegrir"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "befeketedik"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "nigreskar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "czernieć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sczernieć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poczernieć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "enegrecer"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černétʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черне́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "počernétʹ",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "почерне́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "sčernieť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "stmavnúť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "zotmieť"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "svartna"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nallabaḍu",
"sense": "become black",
"word": "నల్లబడు"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чорні́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "почорні́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zčorníty",
"sense": "become black",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"perfective"
],
"word": "зчорні́ти"
}
],
"word": "blacken"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2023-03-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2023-03-20 using wiktextract.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.
The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.