"denigrate" meaning in All languages combined

See denigrate on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹeɪt/ Audio: en-us-denigrate.ogg , en-au-denigrate.ogg Forms: more denigrate [comparative], most denigrate [superlative]
Etymology: From Latin dēnigrātus, the perfect passive participle of dēnigrō (“to blacken”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from dē + nigrō (“to blacken”) (from niger (“black”)). Cognate with Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”). Etymology templates: {{der|en|la|dēnigrātus}} Latin dēnigrātus, {{glossary|perfect}} perfect, {{glossary|passive}} passive, {{glossary|participle}} participle, {{af|en|-ate|id1=verb|pos1=verb-forming suffix}} -ate (verb-forming suffix), {{cog|enm|denigrat|denigart(e)|t=darkened, discolored}} Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”) Head templates: {{en-adj}} denigrate (comparative more denigrate, superlative most denigrate)
  1. (botany) Blackened.
    Sense id: en-denigrate-en-adj-YLzXc1C4 Categories (other): Botany, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ate (verb), Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Turkish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 45 40 8 6 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ate (verb): 51 30 11 8 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 49 31 12 9 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 51 33 9 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 48 41 6 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 68 21 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 67 21 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 67 22 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 67 21 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 63 22 8 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 67 21 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 65 21 7 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 67 21 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 67 21 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 69 19 7 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 68 23 5 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 67 21 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 70 20 5 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 67 21 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 67 21 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 71 18 6 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Maori translations: 67 21 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 65 21 6 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 65 20 5 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 63 22 8 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 69 20 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 68 22 6 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations: 66 21 6 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 67 21 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 64 25 6 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 67 21 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 67 21 5 6 Topics: biology, botany, natural-sciences

Verb [English]

IPA: /ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹeɪt/ Audio: en-us-denigrate.ogg , en-au-denigrate.ogg Forms: denigrates [present, singular, third-person], denigrating [participle, present], denigrated [participle, past], denigrated [past]
Etymology: From Latin dēnigrātus, the perfect passive participle of dēnigrō (“to blacken”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from dē + nigrō (“to blacken”) (from niger (“black”)). Cognate with Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”). Etymology templates: {{der|en|la|dēnigrātus}} Latin dēnigrātus, {{glossary|perfect}} perfect, {{glossary|passive}} passive, {{glossary|participle}} participle, {{af|en|-ate|id1=verb|pos1=verb-forming suffix}} -ate (verb-forming suffix), {{cog|enm|denigrat|denigart(e)|t=darkened, discolored}} Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} denigrate (third-person singular simple present denigrates, present participle denigrating, simple past and past participle denigrated)
  1. (transitive) To criticise so as to besmirch; traduce, disparage or defame. Tags: transitive Translations (to criticise so as to besmirch): սևացնել (sewacʻnel) (Armenian), очерням (očernjam) (Bulgarian), 玷污 (diànwù) (Chinese Mandarin), 詆毀 /诋毁 (dǐhuǐ) (Chinese Mandarin), pošpinit (Czech), kleineren (Dutch), denigreren (Dutch), mustamaalata (Finnish), mustata (Finnish), dénigrer (French), médire (French), anschwärzen (German), verleumden (German), verunglimpfen (German), besudeln (German), in Verruf bringen (German), gyaláz (Hungarian), becsmérel (Hungarian), rágalmaz (Hungarian), megrágalmaz (Hungarian), szidalmaz (Hungarian), szapul (Hungarian), befeketít (Hungarian), mocskol (Hungarian), denigrare (Italian), criticare (Italian), sparlare (Italian), parlare male (Italian), diffamare (Italian), 侮辱する (bujoku suru) (alt: ぶじょくする) (Japanese), оцр́нува (ocŕnuva) (Macedonian), whakarōriki (Maori), whakahahani (Maori), whakatoihara (Maori), whakatakē (Maori), whakahāwea (Maori), sverte (Norwegian Bokmål), rakke ned (Norwegian Bokmål), uwłaczać (Polish), oczerniać (Polish), denegrir (Portuguese), клевета́ть (klevetátʹ) (Russian), нагова́ривать (nagovárivatʹ) (Russian), очерня́ть (očernjátʹ) (Russian), ocrniti (Serbo-Croatian), denigrar (Spanish), svärta ner (Swedish), racka ned på (Swedish), karalamak [figuratively] (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-denigrate-en-verb-48nGSl7d Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 45 40 8 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 48 41 6 5 Disambiguation of 'to criticise so as to besmirch': 83 2 15
  2. (transitive) To treat as worthless; belittle, degrade or disparage. Tags: transitive Translations (to treat as worthless): омаловажавам (omalovažavam) (Bulgarian), znevažovat (Czech), kleineren (Dutch), denigreren (Dutch), vähätellä (Finnish), dénigrer (French), rabaisser (French), déprécier (French), verleumden (German), verunglimpfen (German), herabsetzen (German), ócsárol (Hungarian), pocskondiáz (Hungarian), lefitymál (Hungarian), lekicsinyel (Hungarian), bagatellizál (Hungarian), elbagatellizál (Hungarian), омаловажува (omalovažuva) (Macedonian), понижува (ponižuva) (Macedonian), whakatūtūā (Maori), whakamanumanu (Maori), آشاغیلامق (aşağılamak) (Ottoman Turkish), pomniejszyć (Polish), umniejszać (Polish), denegrir (Portuguese), преуменьшать (preumenʹšatʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), умалять (umaljatʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), принижать (prinižatʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), dèan dìmeas air (Scottish Gaelic), denigrar (Spanish), aşağılamak (Turkish), iftira etmek (Turkish), kara çalmak (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-denigrate-en-verb-FI3H3gqB Disambiguation of 'to treat as worthless': 1 97 1
  3. (rare) To blacken. Tags: rare Translations (blacken): سَوَّدَ (sawwada) (Arabic), սևացնել (sewacʻnel) (Armenian), почерням (počernjam) (Bulgarian), zwartmaken (Dutch), mustata (Finnish), pimentää (Finnish), noircir (French), denegrir (Galician), anschwärzen (German), befeketít (Hungarian), оцр́нува (ocŕnuva) (Macedonian), черни́ть (černítʹ) (Russian), karalamak (Turkish), siyahlatmak (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-denigrate-en-verb-wA6bOtgU Disambiguation of 'blacken': 13 2 84
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: denigration, denigrator, denigratory

Verb [Italian]

Head templates: {{head|it|verb form}} denigrate
  1. second-person plural present and imperative of denigrare Tags: form-of, imperative, plural, present, second-person Form of: denigrare
    Sense id: en-denigrate-it-verb-L~4Xn75r Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries

Verb [Spanish]

Head templates: {{head|es|verb form}} denigrate
  1. second-person singular voseo imperative of denigrar combined with te Tags: form-of, imperative, object-second-person, object-singular, second-person, singular, with-voseo Form of: denigrar
    Sense id: en-denigrate-es-verb-VAGMlm7a Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Spanish entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "denigration"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "denigrator"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "denigratory"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "dēnigrātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin dēnigrātus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "perfect"
      },
      "expansion": "perfect",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "passive"
      },
      "expansion": "passive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ate",
        "id1": "verb",
        "pos1": "verb-forming suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "denigrat",
        "3": "denigart(e)",
        "t": "darkened, discolored"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin dēnigrātus, the perfect passive participle of dēnigrō (“to blacken”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from dē + nigrō (“to blacken”) (from niger (“black”)). Cognate with Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "denigrates",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "denigrating",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "denigrated",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "denigrated",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "denigrate (third-person singular simple present denigrates, present participle denigrating, simple past and past participle denigrated)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "45 40 8 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 41 6 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              44,
              53
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1963 January, “Beyond the Channel: U.S.S.R.”, in Modern Railways, page 62:",
          "text": "Although in public Soviet officials tend to denigrate the French electric locomotives imported recently, there is little doubt that lessons learnt from these engines will be incorporated in new Russian designs.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To criticise so as to besmirch; traduce, disparage or defame."
      ],
      "id": "en-denigrate-en-verb-48nGSl7d",
      "links": [
        [
          "criticise",
          "criticise"
        ],
        [
          "besmirch",
          "besmirch"
        ],
        [
          "traduce",
          "traduce"
        ],
        [
          "disparage",
          "disparage"
        ],
        [
          "defame",
          "defame"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To criticise so as to besmirch; traduce, disparage or defame."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "sewacʻnel",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "սևացնել"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "očernjam",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "очерням"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "diànwù",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "玷污"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "dǐhuǐ",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "詆毀 /诋毁"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "pošpinit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "kleineren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "denigreren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "mustamaalata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "mustata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "dénigrer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "médire"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "anschwärzen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "verleumden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "verunglimpfen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "besudeln"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "in Verruf bringen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "gyaláz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "becsmérel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "rágalmaz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "megrágalmaz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "szidalmaz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "szapul"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "befeketít"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "mocskol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "denigrare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "criticare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "sparlare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "parlare male"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "diffamare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "alt": "ぶじょくする",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "bujoku suru",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "侮辱する"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "ocŕnuva",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "оцр́нува"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "whakarōriki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "whakahahani"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "whakatoihara"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "whakatakē"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "whakahāwea"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "sverte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "rakke ned"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "uwłaczać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "oczerniać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "denegrir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "klevetátʹ",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "клевета́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "nagovárivatʹ",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "нагова́ривать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "očernjátʹ",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "очерня́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "ocrniti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "denigrar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "svärta ner"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "word": "racka ned på"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 2 15",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
          "tags": [
            "figuratively"
          ],
          "word": "karalamak"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              21,
              30
            ]
          ],
          "text": "You have no right to denigrate people and things that you have no personal experience with.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To treat as worthless; belittle, degrade or disparage."
      ],
      "id": "en-denigrate-en-verb-FI3H3gqB",
      "links": [
        [
          "worthless",
          "worthless"
        ],
        [
          "belittle",
          "belittle"
        ],
        [
          "degrade",
          "degrade"
        ],
        [
          "disparage",
          "disparage"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To treat as worthless; belittle, degrade or disparage."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "omalovažavam",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "омаловажавам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "znevažovat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "kleineren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "denigreren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "vähätellä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "dénigrer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "rabaisser"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "déprécier"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "verleumden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "verunglimpfen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "herabsetzen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "ócsárol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "pocskondiáz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "lefitymál"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "lekicsinyel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "bagatellizál"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "elbagatellizál"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "omalovažuva",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "омаловажува"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "ponižuva",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "понижува"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "whakatūtūā"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "whakamanumanu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "aşağılamak",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "آشاغیلامق"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "pomniejszyć"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "umniejszać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "denegrir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "preumenʹšatʹ",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "преуменьшать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "umaljatʹ",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "умалять"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "prinižatʹ",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "принижать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "dèan dìmeas air"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "denigrar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "aşağılamak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "iftira etmek"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 97 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "to treat as worthless",
          "word": "kara çalmak"
        }
      ]
    },
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      "categories": [],
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        "To blacken."
      ],
      "id": "en-denigrate-en-verb-wA6bOtgU",
      "links": [
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          "blacken",
          "blacken"
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        "(rare) To blacken."
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      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
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          "_dis1": "13 2 84",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "sawwada",
          "sense": "blacken",
          "word": "سَوَّدَ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 2 84",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "sewacʻnel",
          "sense": "blacken",
          "word": "սևացնել"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 2 84",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "počernjam",
          "sense": "blacken",
          "word": "почерням"
        },
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          "_dis1": "13 2 84",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "blacken",
          "word": "zwartmaken"
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        {
          "_dis1": "13 2 84",
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          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "blacken",
          "word": "mustata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 2 84",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "blacken",
          "word": "pimentää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 2 84",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "blacken",
          "word": "noircir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 2 84",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "blacken",
          "word": "denegrir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 2 84",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "blacken",
          "word": "anschwärzen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 2 84",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "blacken",
          "word": "befeketít"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 2 84",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "ocŕnuva",
          "sense": "blacken",
          "word": "оцр́нува"
        },
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          "_dis1": "13 2 84",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "černítʹ",
          "sense": "blacken",
          "word": "черни́ть"
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          "_dis1": "13 2 84",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "blacken",
          "word": "karalamak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 2 84",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "blacken",
          "word": "siyahlatmak"
        }
      ]
    }
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      "ipa": "/ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹeɪt/"
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      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin dēnigrātus, the perfect passive participle of dēnigrō (“to blacken”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from dē + nigrō (“to blacken”) (from niger (“black”)). Cognate with Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”).",
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      "form": "more denigrate",
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        "(botany) Blackened."
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    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "denigration"
    },
    {
      "word": "denigrator"
    },
    {
      "word": "denigratory"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "dēnigrātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin dēnigrātus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "perfect"
      },
      "expansion": "perfect",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "passive"
      },
      "expansion": "passive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ate",
        "id1": "verb",
        "pos1": "verb-forming suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "denigrat",
        "3": "denigart(e)",
        "t": "darkened, discolored"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin dēnigrātus, the perfect passive participle of dēnigrō (“to blacken”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from dē + nigrō (“to blacken”) (from niger (“black”)). Cognate with Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "denigrates",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "denigrating",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "denigrated",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "denigrated",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "denigrate (third-person singular simple present denigrates, present participle denigrating, simple past and past participle denigrated)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              44,
              53
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1963 January, “Beyond the Channel: U.S.S.R.”, in Modern Railways, page 62:",
          "text": "Although in public Soviet officials tend to denigrate the French electric locomotives imported recently, there is little doubt that lessons learnt from these engines will be incorporated in new Russian designs.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To criticise so as to besmirch; traduce, disparage or defame."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "criticise",
          "criticise"
        ],
        [
          "besmirch",
          "besmirch"
        ],
        [
          "traduce",
          "traduce"
        ],
        [
          "disparage",
          "disparage"
        ],
        [
          "defame",
          "defame"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To criticise so as to besmirch; traduce, disparage or defame."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              21,
              30
            ]
          ],
          "text": "You have no right to denigrate people and things that you have no personal experience with.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To treat as worthless; belittle, degrade or disparage."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "worthless",
          "worthless"
        ],
        [
          "belittle",
          "belittle"
        ],
        [
          "degrade",
          "degrade"
        ],
        [
          "disparage",
          "disparage"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To treat as worthless; belittle, degrade or disparage."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To blacken."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "blacken",
          "blacken"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To blacken."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹeɪt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-denigrate.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-denigrate.ogg/En-us-denigrate.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-denigrate.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-denigrate.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/En-au-denigrate.ogg/En-au-denigrate.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/En-au-denigrate.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "sewacʻnel",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "սևացնել"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "očernjam",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "очерням"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "diànwù",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "玷污"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "dǐhuǐ",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "詆毀 /诋毁"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "pošpinit"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "kleineren"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "denigreren"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "mustamaalata"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "mustata"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "dénigrer"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "médire"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "anschwärzen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "verleumden"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "verunglimpfen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "besudeln"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "in Verruf bringen"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "gyaláz"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "becsmérel"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "rágalmaz"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "megrágalmaz"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "szidalmaz"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "szapul"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "befeketít"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "mocskol"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "denigrare"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "criticare"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "sparlare"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "parlare male"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "diffamare"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ぶじょくする",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "bujoku suru",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "侮辱する"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "ocŕnuva",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "оцр́нува"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "whakarōriki"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "whakahahani"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "whakatoihara"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "whakatakē"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "whakahāwea"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "whakatakē"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "sverte"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "rakke ned"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "uwłaczać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "oczerniać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "denegrir"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "klevetátʹ",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "клевета́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "nagovárivatʹ",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "нагова́ривать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "očernjátʹ",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "очерня́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "ocrniti"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "denigrar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "svärta ner"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "word": "racka ned på"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "to criticise so as to besmirch",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "karalamak"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "omalovažavam",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "омаловажавам"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "znevažovat"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "kleineren"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "denigreren"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "vähätellä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "dénigrer"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "rabaisser"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "déprécier"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "verleumden"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "verunglimpfen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "herabsetzen"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "ócsárol"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "pocskondiáz"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "lefitymál"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "lekicsinyel"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "bagatellizál"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "elbagatellizál"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "omalovažuva",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "омаловажува"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "ponižuva",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "понижува"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "whakatūtūā"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "whakamanumanu"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "aşağılamak",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "آشاغیلامق"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "pomniejszyć"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "umniejszać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "denegrir"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "preumenʹšatʹ",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "преуменьшать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "umaljatʹ",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "умалять"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "prinižatʹ",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "принижать"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "dèan dìmeas air"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "denigrar"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "aşağılamak"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "iftira etmek"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "to treat as worthless",
      "word": "kara çalmak"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "sawwada",
      "sense": "blacken",
      "word": "سَوَّدَ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "sewacʻnel",
      "sense": "blacken",
      "word": "սևացնել"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "počernjam",
      "sense": "blacken",
      "word": "почерням"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "blacken",
      "word": "zwartmaken"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "blacken",
      "word": "mustata"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "blacken",
      "word": "pimentää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "blacken",
      "word": "noircir"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "blacken",
      "word": "denegrir"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "blacken",
      "word": "anschwärzen"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "blacken",
      "word": "befeketít"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "ocŕnuva",
      "sense": "blacken",
      "word": "оцр́нува"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "černítʹ",
      "sense": "blacken",
      "word": "черни́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "blacken",
      "word": "karalamak"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "blacken",
      "word": "siyahlatmak"
    }
  ],
  "word": "denigrate"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Ido translations",
    "Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
    "Requests for review of Italian translations",
    "Requests for review of Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Ido translations",
    "Terms with Indonesian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "dēnigrātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin dēnigrātus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "perfect"
      },
      "expansion": "perfect",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "passive"
      },
      "expansion": "passive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ate",
        "id1": "verb",
        "pos1": "verb-forming suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "denigrat",
        "3": "denigart(e)",
        "t": "darkened, discolored"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin dēnigrātus, the perfect passive participle of dēnigrō (“to blacken”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from dē + nigrō (“to blacken”) (from niger (“black”)). Cognate with Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more denigrate",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most denigrate",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "denigrate (comparative more denigrate, superlative most denigrate)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Botany"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Blackened."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany) Blackened."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹeɪt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-denigrate.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-denigrate.ogg/En-us-denigrate.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-denigrate.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-denigrate.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/En-au-denigrate.ogg/En-au-denigrate.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/En-au-denigrate.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "denigrate"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "denigrate",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Italian non-lemma forms",
        "Italian verb forms",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "denigrare"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person plural present and imperative of denigrare"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "denigrare",
          "denigrare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "denigrate"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "denigrate",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Spanish non-lemma forms",
        "Spanish verb forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "denigrar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular voseo imperative of denigrar combined with te"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "denigrar",
          "denigrar#Spanish"
        ],
        [
          "te",
          "te#Spanish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "object-second-person",
        "object-singular",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "with-voseo"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "denigrate"
}

Download raw JSONL data for denigrate meaning in All languages combined (19.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (85b9f46 and 1b6da77). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.