See sowl in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sowel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sowel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sufel"
},
"expansion": "Old English sufel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sufl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sufl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*suflą",
"4": "",
"5": "entremets, viands"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *suflą (“entremets, viands”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*seu-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *seu-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "sul",
"3": "",
"4": "sowl"
},
"expansion": "Danish sul (“sowl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "suvel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch suvel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zuivel",
"3": "",
"4": "dairy products"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zuivel (“dairy products”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "suvel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German suvel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "sufil"
},
"expansion": "Old High German sufil",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sufl"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse sufl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "suvl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian suvl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "süfel",
"3": "",
"4": "dairy products"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian süfel (“dairy products”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sovel",
"3": "",
"4": "sowl"
},
"expansion": "Swedish sovel (“sowl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "suvel",
"3": "",
"4": "dairy products"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian suvel (“dairy products”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sowel, souel, suvel (“food eaten with bread; food in general”), from Old English sufel, sufol (“anything (especially relish) eaten with bread; sowl”), from Proto-West Germanic *sufl, from Proto-Germanic *suflą (“entremets, viands”), from Proto-Indo-European *seu-, *sew- (“juice; moisture; rain”). The word is cognate with Danish sul (“sowl”), Middle Dutch suvel, zuvel (Dutch zuivel (“dairy products”)), Middle Low German suvel, süvel, suffel (“sowl”), Old High German sufil, sufili, Old Norse sufl, Norwegian suvl, sovl, sul (“milk porridge; food eaten with bread, porridge or soup”), Saterland Frisian süfel (“dairy products”), Swedish sovel (“sowl”), West Frisian suvel (“dairy products”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sowls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sowl (plural sowls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1812, Tim Bobbin [pseudonym; John Collier], “Reader. Hear a Spon-new Cank between th’ Eawther and His Buk.”, in The Miscellaneous Works of Tim Bobbin, Esq. Containing His View of the Lancashire Dialect, […], Salford: Printed by Cowdroy & Slack, […], →OCLC, page 16:",
"text": "Good lorjus days, whot whofo times ar' theese! / Pot-baws ar scant, an dear is seawl an cheese!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1850 May 10, Hensleigh Wedgwood, “English Etymologies [continued]”, in Proceedings of the Philological Society, volume IV, number 97, London: Printed by Richard and John E. Taylor, […], →OCLC, page 249:",
"text": "It [the word pittance] does not signify the whole share of each individual in a conventual meal, but merely that smaller portion of more tasty viands which in frugal housekeeping is used to give relish to the bread or pottage constituting the substance of the meal; what is still called sowl or sowling in some parts of England. The Pembrokeshire peasant says, \"I have not had a bit of sowl to my bread for these six months\".",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1857, L. P. Barnaschone, “Manners and Customs of the People of Tenby in the Eighteenth Century”, in J. Williams ab Ithel, editor, The Cambrian Journal, volume IV, London: Published under the auspices of the Cambrian Institute; Longmans & Co., J[ohn] Russell Smith, and J. Petheram; Tenby, Pembrokeshire: R. Mason, →OCLC, page 185:",
"text": "What was called \"souling,\" or \"sowling,\" was practised by the female portion of the poor, who visited their more wealthy neighbours, demanding \"sowl,\" which signified, in its provincial acceptation, any condiment eaten with bread, such as meat, fish, &c., but especially cheese.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1981, Geoffrey Scard, Squire and Tenant: Life in Rural Cheshire, 1760–1900 (History of Cheshire; 10), Chester, Cheshire: Chester Community Council, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 93:",
"text": "All Souls' Day was celebrated by souling, a custom going back to pre-Reformation days: soul cakers and mummers toured the village begging for a soul cake – a plain, round, flat cake seasoned with spices.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dainty; a relish; a sauce; anything eaten with bread."
],
"id": "en-sowl-en-noun-leFqpQLs",
"links": [
[
"dainty",
"dainty"
],
[
"relish",
"relish#Noun"
],
[
"sauce",
"sauce"
],
[
"eat",
"eat"
],
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, dialectal) A dainty; a relish; a sauce; anything eaten with bread."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "seawl"
},
{
"word": "sewl"
},
{
"word": "sool"
},
{
"word": "soul"
},
{
"word": "soule"
},
{
"word": "sow"
},
{
"word": "sowe"
},
{
"word": "sowel"
},
{
"word": "sowle"
},
{
"word": "sowli"
}
],
"tags": [
"British",
"dialectal"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "dainty; relish; sauce; anything eaten with bread",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "sovel"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/saʊl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsaʊəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/suːl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊəl"
}
],
"word": "sowl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "soul"
},
"expansion": "Middle English soul",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English soul, soule, sowel, sawel (“soul”). See further at soul.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sowls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sowl (plural sowls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "soul"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1525 September 1, Robert Richard Tighe, James Edward Davis, “Windsor in the Reign of Henry the Eighth (Continued.)”, in Annals of Windsor, being a History of the Castle and Town; with Some Account of Eton and Places Adjacent, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, published 1858, →OCLC, page 515:",
"text": "[W]here in tyme past wthin the p[ar]ish chirch of new Wyndesor hath ben kept yerely on Trinite Sunday an obitt wᵗʰ mass of requiem on the moro next followᵍ for the Sowles of all the Brethren and sisters of the Trinite brotherhood there, wᶜʰ tyme out of mynde hath bene usyd, the said Andrew for th' inlarging of the sᵈ anniv[er]sary or obiit for more merytte to all the seyd sowls and for the well of all his good friends sowls hath gyven to the wardens of the sᵈ fraternite or Brotherhood to the brothern and systers of the same frat[er]nite and to their successors for ev[er] a certaine tenem[en]t in new Wyndsor […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1631, John Weever, “Ancient Fvnerall Monvments within the Diocesse of Rochester”, in Ancient Fvnerall Monvments within the Vnited Monarchie of Great Britaine, Ireland, and the Islands Adiacent, with the Dissolued Monasteries therein Contained: Their Founders, and what Eminent Persons haue beene in the Same Interred. …, London: Printed by Thomas Harper … and are to be sold by Laurence Sadler […], →OCLC, page 326:",
"text": "Of yowr cherity pray for the ſowls of Reynald Peckham the elder, Squire for the body of the moſt excellent Prince king Henry the eight, who deceſed 27 Feb. 1525. and for the ſowl of of Ioice Colepeper his wife which deceſed 20. March, 1523.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1829, “an independent layman” [pseudonym], “XIX. I do firmly believe that there is a purgatory, and that the souls kept prisoner there, do receive help by the suffrages of the faithful.”, in The Catholic Church Invulnerable and Invincible: Or, An Explication of the Celebrated Creed of Pope Pius IV. […], London: Published for the author, by Thomas Flint, […], →OCLC, page 113:",
"text": "[T]he guide who accompanied me […] told me, with a most serious face, that there were three different fires in purgatory, through which all the faithful passed. […] \"And what is the third fire to do?\" \"Oh, that is to purify them entirely, and fit their sowls for the presence of the grate God!\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884, Cruck-a-leaghan [pseudonym; Dugald Macfadyen], Slieve Gallion [pseudonym; David Hepburn], “Father Magee”, in Lays and Legends of the North of Ireland, London: Houlston & Sons, […]; Edinburgh; Glasgow: J. Menzies & Co.; Dublin: M. H. Gill & Son, →OCLC, page 69:",
"text": "For in all the long coorse av a twinty year's spell, / Dael an' Irishman's sowl cud he get into hell— […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Archaic spelling of soul."
],
"id": "en-sowl-en-noun-fPIJbtwL",
"links": [
[
"soul",
"soul#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"word": "sowl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "Origin unknown"
},
"expansion": "Origin unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zaulen"
},
"expansion": "German zaulen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin unknown; compare German zaulen, zauseln, zausen (“to tug, drag”). See also tousle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sowls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sowling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sowled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sowled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sowl (third-person singular simple present sowls, present participle sowling, simple past and past participle sowled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 9 56 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 67 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 4 66 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], page 23, column 1:",
"text": "Hee'l go he ſayes, and ſole the Porter of Rome Gates by th'ears. He will mowe all downe before him, and leaue his paſſage poul'd.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1876, George Bruce, “Saint Andrews Burns’ Club”, in Destiny and Other Poems, St. Andrews, Fife: Printed for the author, →OCLC, page 387:",
"text": "Like draws to like, ilk sma'-sowled cub, / To gnaw its Bane.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pull (especially an animal) by the ears; to drag about."
],
"id": "en-sowl-en-verb-XJLhpF2I",
"links": [
[
"pull",
"pull#Verb"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"ear",
"ear"
],
[
"drag",
"drag#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To pull (especially an animal) by the ears; to drag about."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/səʊl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "sōl",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/soʊl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-soul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/En-us-soul.ogg/En-us-soul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/En-us-soul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊl"
},
{
"homophone": "Seoul"
},
{
"homophone": "sole"
},
{
"homophone": "soul"
}
],
"word": "sowl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sōlen",
"4": "",
"5": "to become dirty or soiled; to make dirty, soil; to be defiled, polluted"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sōlen (“to become dirty or soiled; to make dirty, soil; to be defiled, polluted”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "solian",
"4": "",
"5": "to make or become foul, sully"
},
"expansion": "Old English solian (“to make or become foul, sully”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sulwōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sulwōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "søle",
"3": "",
"4": "to make dirty, defile"
},
"expansion": "Danish søle (“to make dirty, defile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "to bemire"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan, “to bemire”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "soluwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch soluwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "soillier"
},
"expansion": "Old French soillier",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "souiller"
},
"expansion": "French souiller",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "solagōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German solagōn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suhlen",
"3": "",
"4": "to make dirty, soil"
},
"expansion": "German suhlen (“to make dirty, soil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "sulian",
"3": "",
"4": "to mire, soil"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon sulian (“to mire, soil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "sowelen"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish sowelen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sōlen (“to become dirty or soiled; to make dirty, soil; to be defiled, polluted”), from Old English solian (“to make or become foul, sully”), from Proto-Germanic *sulwōną, *sulwijaną; compare sullow and sully, and Danish søle (“to make dirty, defile”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan, “to bemire”), Middle Dutch soluwen, seulewen (“to besmirch, soil”), Old French soillier, souillier, soller (“to dirty, stain; to tarnish (a reputation, etc.)”) (modern French souiller), Old High German solagōn, bisullen (“to make dirty”), German suhlen (“to make dirty, soil”), Old Saxon sulian (“to mire, soil”), West Flemish sowelen, suwelen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sowls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sowling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sowled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sowled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sowl (third-person singular simple present sowls, present participle sowling, simple past and past participle sowled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To soil or stain; to dirty."
],
"id": "en-sowl-en-verb-zU1WltrX",
"links": [
[
"soil",
"soil#Verb"
],
[
"stain",
"stain#Verb"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To soil or stain; to dirty."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sullow"
},
{
"word": "sully"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/səʊl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "sōl",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/soʊl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-soul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/En-us-soul.ogg/En-us-soul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/En-us-soul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊl"
},
{
"homophone": "Seoul"
},
{
"homophone": "sole"
},
{
"homophone": "soul"
}
],
"word": "sowl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊəl",
"Rhymes:English/əʊl",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sowel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sowel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sufel"
},
"expansion": "Old English sufel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sufl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sufl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*suflą",
"4": "",
"5": "entremets, viands"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *suflą (“entremets, viands”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*seu-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *seu-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "sul",
"3": "",
"4": "sowl"
},
"expansion": "Danish sul (“sowl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "suvel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch suvel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zuivel",
"3": "",
"4": "dairy products"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zuivel (“dairy products”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "suvel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German suvel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "sufil"
},
"expansion": "Old High German sufil",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sufl"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse sufl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "suvl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian suvl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "süfel",
"3": "",
"4": "dairy products"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian süfel (“dairy products”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sovel",
"3": "",
"4": "sowl"
},
"expansion": "Swedish sovel (“sowl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "suvel",
"3": "",
"4": "dairy products"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian suvel (“dairy products”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sowel, souel, suvel (“food eaten with bread; food in general”), from Old English sufel, sufol (“anything (especially relish) eaten with bread; sowl”), from Proto-West Germanic *sufl, from Proto-Germanic *suflą (“entremets, viands”), from Proto-Indo-European *seu-, *sew- (“juice; moisture; rain”). The word is cognate with Danish sul (“sowl”), Middle Dutch suvel, zuvel (Dutch zuivel (“dairy products”)), Middle Low German suvel, süvel, suffel (“sowl”), Old High German sufil, sufili, Old Norse sufl, Norwegian suvl, sovl, sul (“milk porridge; food eaten with bread, porridge or soup”), Saterland Frisian süfel (“dairy products”), Swedish sovel (“sowl”), West Frisian suvel (“dairy products”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sowls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sowl (plural sowls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1812, Tim Bobbin [pseudonym; John Collier], “Reader. Hear a Spon-new Cank between th’ Eawther and His Buk.”, in The Miscellaneous Works of Tim Bobbin, Esq. Containing His View of the Lancashire Dialect, […], Salford: Printed by Cowdroy & Slack, […], →OCLC, page 16:",
"text": "Good lorjus days, whot whofo times ar' theese! / Pot-baws ar scant, an dear is seawl an cheese!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1850 May 10, Hensleigh Wedgwood, “English Etymologies [continued]”, in Proceedings of the Philological Society, volume IV, number 97, London: Printed by Richard and John E. Taylor, […], →OCLC, page 249:",
"text": "It [the word pittance] does not signify the whole share of each individual in a conventual meal, but merely that smaller portion of more tasty viands which in frugal housekeeping is used to give relish to the bread or pottage constituting the substance of the meal; what is still called sowl or sowling in some parts of England. The Pembrokeshire peasant says, \"I have not had a bit of sowl to my bread for these six months\".",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1857, L. P. Barnaschone, “Manners and Customs of the People of Tenby in the Eighteenth Century”, in J. Williams ab Ithel, editor, The Cambrian Journal, volume IV, London: Published under the auspices of the Cambrian Institute; Longmans & Co., J[ohn] Russell Smith, and J. Petheram; Tenby, Pembrokeshire: R. Mason, →OCLC, page 185:",
"text": "What was called \"souling,\" or \"sowling,\" was practised by the female portion of the poor, who visited their more wealthy neighbours, demanding \"sowl,\" which signified, in its provincial acceptation, any condiment eaten with bread, such as meat, fish, &c., but especially cheese.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1981, Geoffrey Scard, Squire and Tenant: Life in Rural Cheshire, 1760–1900 (History of Cheshire; 10), Chester, Cheshire: Chester Community Council, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 93:",
"text": "All Souls' Day was celebrated by souling, a custom going back to pre-Reformation days: soul cakers and mummers toured the village begging for a soul cake – a plain, round, flat cake seasoned with spices.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dainty; a relish; a sauce; anything eaten with bread."
],
"links": [
[
"dainty",
"dainty"
],
[
"relish",
"relish#Noun"
],
[
"sauce",
"sauce"
],
[
"eat",
"eat"
],
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, dialectal) A dainty; a relish; a sauce; anything eaten with bread."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/saʊl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsaʊəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/suːl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "seawl"
},
{
"word": "sewl"
},
{
"word": "sool"
},
{
"word": "soul"
},
{
"word": "soule"
},
{
"word": "sow"
},
{
"word": "sowe"
},
{
"word": "sowel"
},
{
"word": "sowle"
},
{
"word": "sowli"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "dainty; relish; sauce; anything eaten with bread",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "sovel"
}
],
"word": "sowl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊl"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "soul"
},
"expansion": "Middle English soul",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English soul, soule, sowel, sawel (“soul”). See further at soul.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sowls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sowl (plural sowls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "soul"
}
],
"categories": [
"English archaic forms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1525 September 1, Robert Richard Tighe, James Edward Davis, “Windsor in the Reign of Henry the Eighth (Continued.)”, in Annals of Windsor, being a History of the Castle and Town; with Some Account of Eton and Places Adjacent, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, published 1858, →OCLC, page 515:",
"text": "[W]here in tyme past wthin the p[ar]ish chirch of new Wyndesor hath ben kept yerely on Trinite Sunday an obitt wᵗʰ mass of requiem on the moro next followᵍ for the Sowles of all the Brethren and sisters of the Trinite brotherhood there, wᶜʰ tyme out of mynde hath bene usyd, the said Andrew for th' inlarging of the sᵈ anniv[er]sary or obiit for more merytte to all the seyd sowls and for the well of all his good friends sowls hath gyven to the wardens of the sᵈ fraternite or Brotherhood to the brothern and systers of the same frat[er]nite and to their successors for ev[er] a certaine tenem[en]t in new Wyndsor […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1631, John Weever, “Ancient Fvnerall Monvments within the Diocesse of Rochester”, in Ancient Fvnerall Monvments within the Vnited Monarchie of Great Britaine, Ireland, and the Islands Adiacent, with the Dissolued Monasteries therein Contained: Their Founders, and what Eminent Persons haue beene in the Same Interred. …, London: Printed by Thomas Harper … and are to be sold by Laurence Sadler […], →OCLC, page 326:",
"text": "Of yowr cherity pray for the ſowls of Reynald Peckham the elder, Squire for the body of the moſt excellent Prince king Henry the eight, who deceſed 27 Feb. 1525. and for the ſowl of of Ioice Colepeper his wife which deceſed 20. March, 1523.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1829, “an independent layman” [pseudonym], “XIX. I do firmly believe that there is a purgatory, and that the souls kept prisoner there, do receive help by the suffrages of the faithful.”, in The Catholic Church Invulnerable and Invincible: Or, An Explication of the Celebrated Creed of Pope Pius IV. […], London: Published for the author, by Thomas Flint, […], →OCLC, page 113:",
"text": "[T]he guide who accompanied me […] told me, with a most serious face, that there were three different fires in purgatory, through which all the faithful passed. […] \"And what is the third fire to do?\" \"Oh, that is to purify them entirely, and fit their sowls for the presence of the grate God!\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884, Cruck-a-leaghan [pseudonym; Dugald Macfadyen], Slieve Gallion [pseudonym; David Hepburn], “Father Magee”, in Lays and Legends of the North of Ireland, London: Houlston & Sons, […]; Edinburgh; Glasgow: J. Menzies & Co.; Dublin: M. H. Gill & Son, →OCLC, page 69:",
"text": "For in all the long coorse av a twinty year's spell, / Dael an' Irishman's sowl cud he get into hell— […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Archaic spelling of soul."
],
"links": [
[
"soul",
"soul#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"word": "sowl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊl"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "Origin unknown"
},
"expansion": "Origin unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zaulen"
},
"expansion": "German zaulen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin unknown; compare German zaulen, zauseln, zausen (“to tug, drag”). See also tousle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sowls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sowling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sowled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sowled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sowl (third-person singular simple present sowls, present participle sowling, simple past and past participle sowled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], page 23, column 1:",
"text": "Hee'l go he ſayes, and ſole the Porter of Rome Gates by th'ears. He will mowe all downe before him, and leaue his paſſage poul'd.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1876, George Bruce, “Saint Andrews Burns’ Club”, in Destiny and Other Poems, St. Andrews, Fife: Printed for the author, →OCLC, page 387:",
"text": "Like draws to like, ilk sma'-sowled cub, / To gnaw its Bane.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pull (especially an animal) by the ears; to drag about."
],
"links": [
[
"pull",
"pull#Verb"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"ear",
"ear"
],
[
"drag",
"drag#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To pull (especially an animal) by the ears; to drag about."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/səʊl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "sōl",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/soʊl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-soul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/En-us-soul.ogg/En-us-soul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/En-us-soul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊl"
},
{
"homophone": "Seoul"
},
{
"homophone": "sole"
},
{
"homophone": "soul"
}
],
"word": "sowl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊl"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sōlen",
"4": "",
"5": "to become dirty or soiled; to make dirty, soil; to be defiled, polluted"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sōlen (“to become dirty or soiled; to make dirty, soil; to be defiled, polluted”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "solian",
"4": "",
"5": "to make or become foul, sully"
},
"expansion": "Old English solian (“to make or become foul, sully”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sulwōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sulwōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "søle",
"3": "",
"4": "to make dirty, defile"
},
"expansion": "Danish søle (“to make dirty, defile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "to bemire"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan, “to bemire”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "soluwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch soluwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "soillier"
},
"expansion": "Old French soillier",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "souiller"
},
"expansion": "French souiller",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "solagōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German solagōn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suhlen",
"3": "",
"4": "to make dirty, soil"
},
"expansion": "German suhlen (“to make dirty, soil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "sulian",
"3": "",
"4": "to mire, soil"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon sulian (“to mire, soil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "sowelen"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish sowelen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sōlen (“to become dirty or soiled; to make dirty, soil; to be defiled, polluted”), from Old English solian (“to make or become foul, sully”), from Proto-Germanic *sulwōną, *sulwijaną; compare sullow and sully, and Danish søle (“to make dirty, defile”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan, “to bemire”), Middle Dutch soluwen, seulewen (“to besmirch, soil”), Old French soillier, souillier, soller (“to dirty, stain; to tarnish (a reputation, etc.)”) (modern French souiller), Old High German solagōn, bisullen (“to make dirty”), German suhlen (“to make dirty, soil”), Old Saxon sulian (“to mire, soil”), West Flemish sowelen, suwelen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sowls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sowling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sowled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sowled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sowl (third-person singular simple present sowls, present participle sowling, simple past and past participle sowled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To soil or stain; to dirty."
],
"links": [
[
"soil",
"soil#Verb"
],
[
"stain",
"stain#Verb"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To soil or stain; to dirty."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sullow"
},
{
"word": "sully"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/səʊl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "sōl",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/soʊl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-soul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/En-us-soul.ogg/En-us-soul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/En-us-soul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊl"
},
{
"homophone": "Seoul"
},
{
"homophone": "sole"
},
{
"homophone": "soul"
}
],
"word": "sowl"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sowl meaning in English (17.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.