See besmirch in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for besmirch meaning in English (10.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "besmircher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "besmirchment"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unbesmirch"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "besmorchen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English besmorchen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "besmorchid"
},
"expansion": "besmorchid",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be",
"3": "smirch"
},
"expansion": "be- + smirch",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bismotered",
"t": "bespattered, soiled"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bismotered (“bespattered, soiled”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English besmorchen (attested in besmorchid), equivalent to be- + smirch. Compare Middle English bismotered (“bespattered, soiled”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "besmirches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "besmirching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "besmirched",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "besmirched",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "besmirch (third-person singular simple present besmirches, present participle besmirching, simple past and past participle besmirched)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make dirty."
],
"id": "en-besmirch-en-verb-4V5i8FFu",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, literary) To make dirty."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "soil"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mǎrsja",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "мърся"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "omǎrsjavam",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "омърсявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "embrutar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "弄髒"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nòngzāng",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "弄脏"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "besmeuren"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "liata"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "salir"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "ensuciar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "beschmutzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "beschmieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "leróno",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "λερώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "bemocskol"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sporcare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "insudiciare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "lordare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "insozzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "smerdare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sujar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "spurca"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "па́чкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispáčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "испа́чкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznjátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "загрязня́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "špiniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "pošpiniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "ensuciar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "brudnyty",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "бруднити"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zamazuvaty",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "замазувати"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "unbesmirch"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with be-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The newspaper was on a campaign to besmirch the actor.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To tarnish something, especially someone's reputation."
],
"id": "en-besmirch-en-verb-pGEs-0PI",
"links": [
[
"tarnish",
"tarnish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To tarnish something, especially someone's reputation."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "debase"
},
{
"word": "smear"
},
{
"word": "slander"
},
{
"word": "libel"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "petnja",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "петня"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "černja",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "черня"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "měiwū",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "浼污"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wūmàn",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "污漫"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "bekladden"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "bezoedelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "liata"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "salir"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "avilir"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "difamar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "beschmutzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "besudeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "in Verruf bringen"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "spilóno",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "σπιλώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "prospēlakízō",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "προσπηλακίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "gyaláz"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "denigrare"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "macchiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "insudiciare"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "lordare"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "conspurcar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "macular"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "deslustrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "spurca"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pjatnátʹ",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "пятна́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zapjatnátʹ",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "запятна́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "očierniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "očierňovať"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "pošpiniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "špiniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "znevážiť"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "znevažovať"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "manchar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "mancillar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "macular"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "enlodar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "empañar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "befläcka"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čornýty",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "чорни́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hanʹbýty",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "ганьби́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pljamuváty",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "плямува́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "znevažáty",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "зневажа́ти"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɪˈsmɜːtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɪˈsmɝːt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tʃ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-besmirch.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/En-us-besmirch.ogg/En-us-besmirch.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/En-us-besmirch.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-besmirch.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/En-au-besmirch.ogg/En-au-besmirch.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/En-au-besmirch.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "besmirch"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with be-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tʃ",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tʃ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "besmircher"
},
{
"word": "besmirchment"
},
{
"word": "unbesmirch"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "besmorchen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English besmorchen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "besmorchid"
},
"expansion": "besmorchid",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be",
"3": "smirch"
},
"expansion": "be- + smirch",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bismotered",
"t": "bespattered, soiled"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bismotered (“bespattered, soiled”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English besmorchen (attested in besmorchid), equivalent to be- + smirch. Compare Middle English bismotered (“bespattered, soiled”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "besmirches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "besmirching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "besmirched",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "besmirched",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "besmirch (third-person singular simple present besmirches, present participle besmirching, simple past and past participle besmirched)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English literary terms",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make dirty."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, literary) To make dirty."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "soil"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "unbesmirch"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The newspaper was on a campaign to besmirch the actor.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To tarnish something, especially someone's reputation."
],
"links": [
[
"tarnish",
"tarnish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To tarnish something, especially someone's reputation."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "debase"
},
{
"word": "smear"
},
{
"word": "slander"
},
{
"word": "libel"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɪˈsmɜːtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɪˈsmɝːt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tʃ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-besmirch.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/En-us-besmirch.ogg/En-us-besmirch.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/En-us-besmirch.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-besmirch.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/En-au-besmirch.ogg/En-au-besmirch.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/En-au-besmirch.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mǎrsja",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "мърся"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "omǎrsjavam",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "омърсявам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "embrutar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "弄髒"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nòngzāng",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "弄脏"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "besmeuren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "liata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "salir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "ensuciar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "beschmutzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "beschmieren"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "leróno",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "λερώνω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "bemocskol"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sporcare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "insudiciare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "lordare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "insozzare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "smerdare"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sujar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "spurca"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "па́чкать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispáčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "испа́чкать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznjátʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "загрязня́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "špiniť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "pošpiniť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "ensuciar"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "brudnyty",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "бруднити"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zamazuvaty",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "замазувати"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "petnja",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "петня"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "černja",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "черня"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "měiwū",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "浼污"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wūmàn",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "污漫"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "bekladden"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "bezoedelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "liata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "salir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "avilir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "difamar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "beschmutzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "besudeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "in Verruf bringen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "spilóno",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "σπιλώνω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "prospēlakízō",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "προσπηλακίζω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "gyaláz"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "denigrare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "macchiare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "insudiciare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "lordare"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "conspurcar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "macular"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "deslustrar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "spurca"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pjatnátʹ",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "пятна́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zapjatnátʹ",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "запятна́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černítʹ",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "черни́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "očierniť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "očierňovať"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "pošpiniť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "špiniť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "znevážiť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "znevažovať"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "manchar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "mancillar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "macular"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "enlodar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "empañar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "befläcka"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čornýty",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "чорни́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hanʹbýty",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "ганьби́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pljamuváty",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "плямува́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "znevažáty",
"sense": "tarnish; debase",
"word": "зневажа́ти"
}
],
"word": "besmirch"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.