See smudge in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for smudge meaning in English (18.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "onion smudge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "smudge attack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "smudge cell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "smudge pot"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "smutch"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of smutch",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from the verb (see below). Doublet of smutch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "smudges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "smudge (countable and uncountable, plural smudges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 4 42 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There was a smudge on the paper.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A blemish or smear, especially a dark or sooty one."
],
"id": "en-smudge-en-noun-Wl30xXqg",
"links": [
[
"blemish",
"blemish"
],
[
"smear",
"smear"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"sooty",
"sooty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 4",
"sense": "blemish, smear",
"word": "blur"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 4",
"sense": "blemish, smear",
"word": "smear"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 4",
"sense": "blemish, smear",
"word": "stain"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "petno",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "петно"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "šmouha"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "smet"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "klad"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vlek"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"word": "tahra"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"word": "läiskä"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bavure"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "borrón"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Fleck"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "moutzoúra",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μουτζούρα"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smearadh"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sbavatura"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "litūra"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "dámka",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "да́мка"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"word": "ukuparanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pjatnó",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пятно́"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "borrón"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tiznón"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tiznajo"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chafarrinada"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chafarrinón"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Dense smoke, such as that used for fumigation."
],
"id": "en-smudge-en-noun-87PyIhLM",
"links": [
[
"Dense",
"dense"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"fumigation",
"fumigation"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 82 3 13",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gǎst dim",
"sense": "dense smoke, such as used for fumigation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гъст дим"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 82 3 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dense smoke, such as used for fumigation",
"word": "paksu savu"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 82 3 13",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "dense smoke, such as used for fumigation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fume"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 82 3 13",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳoconi",
"sense": "dense smoke, such as used for fumigation",
"word": "კოცონი"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 82 3 13",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dense smoke, such as used for fumigation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 82 3 13",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dense smoke, such as used for fumigation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "palo fumigador"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 4 42 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1842, Caroline Mathilda Kirkland, Forest Life, volume 1, page 144",
"text": "Then \"smudges\" are in vogue,—heaps of damp combustibles placed on the windward side of the house and partially ignited, that their inky steams may smother the mosquitoes while we take our chance. I have had a \"smudge\" made in a chafing-dish at my bedside, after a serious deliberation between choking and being devoured at small mouthfuls; and I conscientiously recommend choking, or running the risk of it, at least.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1859, John Russell Bartlett, anonymous quotee, New York Courier and Enquirer, date unknown, quoted in Dictionary of Americanisms, 2nd edition, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, page 420",
"text": "We had taken about ten pounds of trout; and the first procedure, after reaching the camp, was to build a smudge or smoke-fire, to drive away these abominable gnats, who, fortunately, take flight with the first whiff of smoke.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1901 May 24, H. Watkins-Pitchford, “Horse-sickness investigation”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, volume 4, number 6, page 161",
"text": "The use of smoke (or \"smudges\") against the attack of the mosquito is well understood in America and elsewhere.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A heap of damp combustibles partially ignited and burning slowly, placed on the windward side of a house, tent, etc. to keep off mosquitoes or other insects."
],
"id": "en-smudge-en-noun-25dB~78M",
"links": [
[
"damp",
"damp"
],
[
"combustible",
"combustible"
],
[
"ignite",
"ignite"
],
[
"burn",
"burn"
],
[
"windward",
"windward"
],
[
"mosquito",
"mosquito"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US) A heap of damp combustibles partially ignited and burning slowly, placed on the windward side of a house, tent, etc. to keep off mosquitoes or other insects."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Paganism",
"orig": "en:Paganism",
"parents": [
"Occult",
"Religion",
"Forteana",
"Culture",
"Pseudoscience",
"Society",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 4 42 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Christian Rätsch, Claudia Müller-Ebeling, Pagan Christmas: The Plants, Spirits, and Rituals",
"text": "Devil's dirt or asafetida ground together with fenugreek and black cumin seed is used as a smudge against witches and […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A quantity of herbs used in suffumigation."
],
"id": "en-smudge-en-noun-DKXfc3XV",
"links": [
[
"paganism",
"paganism"
],
[
"suffumigation",
"suffumigation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(paganism, especially in the phrase \"smudge stick\" = \"stick of incense\") A quantity of herbs used in suffumigation."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"especially",
"in the phrase \"smudge stick\" = \"stick of incense\"",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"paganism",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/smʌd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌd͡ʒ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-smudge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/En-us-smudge.ogg/En-us-smudge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/En-us-smudge.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-smudge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/En-au-smudge.ogg/En-au-smudge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/En-au-smudge.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Smudge (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "smudge"
}
{
"categories": [],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*smogen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *smogen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "smogynge",
"t": "soiling, smudging"
},
"expansion": "smogynge (“soiling, smudging”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "obscure"
},
"expansion": "obscure",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "besmudded"
},
"expansion": "Middle English besmudded",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bismuddet",
"t": "filthy"
},
"expansion": "bismuddet (“filthy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "smod",
"t": "filth, obscene behaviour"
},
"expansion": "Middle English smod (“filth, obscene behaviour”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "smoddich",
"t": "filthy, dirty"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch smoddich (“filthy, dirty”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *smogen (attested in the gerund smogynge (“soiling, smudging”)), of obscure origin. Compare Middle English besmudded, bismuddet (“filthy”), Middle English smod (“filth, obscene behaviour”), Middle Dutch smoddich (“filthy, dirty”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "smudges",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "smudging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "smudged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "smudged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "smudge (third-person singular simple present smudges, present participle smudging, simple past and past participle smudged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "smudgily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "smudginess"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "smudgy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To obscure by blurring; to smear."
],
"id": "en-smudge-en-verb-6mX6BR-Q",
"links": [
[
"obscure",
"obscure"
],
[
"blur",
"blur"
],
[
"smear",
"smear"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "blur"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "smear"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razmazvam",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "размазвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "zamazat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "tuhria"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "töhriä"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "tahria"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "maculer"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "verschmieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "verwischen"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "opacizzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "oscurare"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "dēlinō"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "ukupara"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razmázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "разма́зывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razmázatʹ",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "разма́зать"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "desenfocar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "macular"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 2 4 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "difuminar"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To soil or smear with dirt."
],
"id": "en-smudge-en-verb-wKVBP-u4",
"links": [
[
"soil",
"soil"
],
[
"dirt",
"dirt"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "18 77 1 1 1 1",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "smutch"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 77 1 1 1 1",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "soil"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "17 78 1 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zacapvam",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "зацапвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 78 1 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opetnjavam",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "опетнявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 78 1 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "töhriä"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 78 1 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "verschmieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 78 1 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "verwischen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 78 1 1 1 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "sotkia"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 78 1 1 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "ukupara"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 78 1 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páčkatʹ",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "па́чкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 78 1 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispáčkatʹ",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "испа́чкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 78 1 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "marátʹ",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 78 1 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zamarátʹ",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "замара́ть"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To use dense smoke to protect from insects."
],
"id": "en-smudge-en-verb-Js0Nd~7v",
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 3 69 8 10 6",
"sense": "to use smoke against insects",
"word": "fumigate"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 89 2 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to use dense smoke to protect from insects",
"word": "savuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 89 2 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to use dense smoke to protect from insects",
"word": "savustaa"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To stifle or smother with smoke."
],
"id": "en-smudge-en-verb-XSxYSSMN",
"links": [
[
"stifle",
"stifle"
],
[
"smother",
"smother"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Paganism",
"orig": "en:Paganism",
"parents": [
"Occult",
"Religion",
"Forteana",
"Culture",
"Pseudoscience",
"Society",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To burn herbs as a cleansing ritual (suffumigation)."
],
"id": "en-smudge-en-verb-LXxd2WIZ",
"links": [
[
"paganism",
"paganism"
],
[
"burn",
"burn"
],
[
"herb",
"herb"
],
[
"cleansing",
"cleanse"
],
[
"ritual",
"ritual"
],
[
"suffumigation",
"suffumigation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(paganism, intransitive) To burn herbs as a cleansing ritual (suffumigation)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"paganism",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Paganism",
"orig": "en:Paganism",
"parents": [
"Occult",
"Religion",
"Forteana",
"Culture",
"Pseudoscience",
"Society",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Rachel Patterson, Pagan Portals - Hoodoo: Folk Magic",
"text": "This is easily done using incense to smudge yourself or taking a cleansing bath. To smudge your body use an incense mixture such as sandalwood, lavender, frankincense or myrrh.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To subject to ritual burning of herbs (suffumigation, smudging)."
],
"id": "en-smudge-en-verb-LY8Xa4ny",
"links": [
[
"paganism",
"paganism"
],
[
"suffumigation",
"suffumigation"
],
[
"smudging",
"smudging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(paganism, transitive) To subject to ritual burning of herbs (suffumigation, smudging)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"paganism",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/smʌd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌd͡ʒ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-smudge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/En-us-smudge.ogg/En-us-smudge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/En-us-smudge.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-smudge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/En-au-smudge.ogg/En-au-smudge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/En-au-smudge.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Smudge (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "smudge"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌd͡ʒ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌd͡ʒ/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "onion smudge"
},
{
"word": "smudge attack"
},
{
"word": "smudge cell"
},
{
"word": "smudge pot"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "smutch"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of smutch",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from the verb (see below). Doublet of smutch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "smudges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "smudge (countable and uncountable, plural smudges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There was a smudge on the paper.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A blemish or smear, especially a dark or sooty one."
],
"links": [
[
"blemish",
"blemish"
],
[
"smear",
"smear"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"sooty",
"sooty"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Dense smoke, such as that used for fumigation."
],
"links": [
[
"Dense",
"dense"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"fumigation",
"fumigation"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1842, Caroline Mathilda Kirkland, Forest Life, volume 1, page 144",
"text": "Then \"smudges\" are in vogue,—heaps of damp combustibles placed on the windward side of the house and partially ignited, that their inky steams may smother the mosquitoes while we take our chance. I have had a \"smudge\" made in a chafing-dish at my bedside, after a serious deliberation between choking and being devoured at small mouthfuls; and I conscientiously recommend choking, or running the risk of it, at least.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1859, John Russell Bartlett, anonymous quotee, New York Courier and Enquirer, date unknown, quoted in Dictionary of Americanisms, 2nd edition, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, page 420",
"text": "We had taken about ten pounds of trout; and the first procedure, after reaching the camp, was to build a smudge or smoke-fire, to drive away these abominable gnats, who, fortunately, take flight with the first whiff of smoke.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1901 May 24, H. Watkins-Pitchford, “Horse-sickness investigation”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, volume 4, number 6, page 161",
"text": "The use of smoke (or \"smudges\") against the attack of the mosquito is well understood in America and elsewhere.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A heap of damp combustibles partially ignited and burning slowly, placed on the windward side of a house, tent, etc. to keep off mosquitoes or other insects."
],
"links": [
[
"damp",
"damp"
],
[
"combustible",
"combustible"
],
[
"ignite",
"ignite"
],
[
"burn",
"burn"
],
[
"windward",
"windward"
],
[
"mosquito",
"mosquito"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US) A heap of damp combustibles partially ignited and burning slowly, placed on the windward side of a house, tent, etc. to keep off mosquitoes or other insects."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Paganism"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Christian Rätsch, Claudia Müller-Ebeling, Pagan Christmas: The Plants, Spirits, and Rituals",
"text": "Devil's dirt or asafetida ground together with fenugreek and black cumin seed is used as a smudge against witches and […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A quantity of herbs used in suffumigation."
],
"links": [
[
"paganism",
"paganism"
],
[
"suffumigation",
"suffumigation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(paganism, especially in the phrase \"smudge stick\" = \"stick of incense\") A quantity of herbs used in suffumigation."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"especially",
"in the phrase \"smudge stick\" = \"stick of incense\"",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"paganism",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/smʌd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌd͡ʒ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-smudge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/En-us-smudge.ogg/En-us-smudge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/En-us-smudge.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-smudge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/En-au-smudge.ogg/En-au-smudge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/En-au-smudge.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "blemish, smear",
"word": "blur"
},
{
"sense": "blemish, smear",
"word": "smear"
},
{
"sense": "blemish, smear",
"word": "stain"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "petno",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "петно"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "šmouha"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "smet"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "klad"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vlek"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"word": "tahra"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"word": "läiskä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bavure"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "borrón"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Fleck"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "moutzoúra",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μουτζούρα"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smearadh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sbavatura"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "litūra"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "dámka",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "да́мка"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"word": "ukuparanga"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pjatnó",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пятно́"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "borrón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tiznón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tiznajo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chafarrinada"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a blemish; a smear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chafarrinón"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gǎst dim",
"sense": "dense smoke, such as used for fumigation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гъст дим"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dense smoke, such as used for fumigation",
"word": "paksu savu"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "dense smoke, such as used for fumigation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fume"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳoconi",
"sense": "dense smoke, such as used for fumigation",
"word": "კოცონი"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dense smoke, such as used for fumigation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dense smoke, such as used for fumigation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "palo fumigador"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Smudge (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "smudge"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌd͡ʒ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌd͡ʒ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*smogen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *smogen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "smogynge",
"t": "soiling, smudging"
},
"expansion": "smogynge (“soiling, smudging”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "obscure"
},
"expansion": "obscure",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "besmudded"
},
"expansion": "Middle English besmudded",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bismuddet",
"t": "filthy"
},
"expansion": "bismuddet (“filthy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "smod",
"t": "filth, obscene behaviour"
},
"expansion": "Middle English smod (“filth, obscene behaviour”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "smoddich",
"t": "filthy, dirty"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch smoddich (“filthy, dirty”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *smogen (attested in the gerund smogynge (“soiling, smudging”)), of obscure origin. Compare Middle English besmudded, bismuddet (“filthy”), Middle English smod (“filth, obscene behaviour”), Middle Dutch smoddich (“filthy, dirty”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "smudges",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "smudging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "smudged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "smudged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "smudge (third-person singular simple present smudges, present participle smudging, simple past and past participle smudged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "smudgily"
},
{
"word": "smudginess"
},
{
"word": "smudgy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To obscure by blurring; to smear."
],
"links": [
[
"obscure",
"obscure"
],
[
"blur",
"blur"
],
[
"smear",
"smear"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To soil or smear with dirt."
],
"links": [
[
"soil",
"soil"
],
[
"dirt",
"dirt"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To use dense smoke to protect from insects."
],
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To stifle or smother with smoke."
],
"links": [
[
"stifle",
"stifle"
],
[
"smother",
"smother"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"en:Paganism"
],
"glosses": [
"To burn herbs as a cleansing ritual (suffumigation)."
],
"links": [
[
"paganism",
"paganism"
],
[
"burn",
"burn"
],
[
"herb",
"herb"
],
[
"cleansing",
"cleanse"
],
[
"ritual",
"ritual"
],
[
"suffumigation",
"suffumigation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(paganism, intransitive) To burn herbs as a cleansing ritual (suffumigation)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"paganism",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Paganism"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Rachel Patterson, Pagan Portals - Hoodoo: Folk Magic",
"text": "This is easily done using incense to smudge yourself or taking a cleansing bath. To smudge your body use an incense mixture such as sandalwood, lavender, frankincense or myrrh.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To subject to ritual burning of herbs (suffumigation, smudging)."
],
"links": [
[
"paganism",
"paganism"
],
[
"suffumigation",
"suffumigation"
],
[
"smudging",
"smudging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(paganism, transitive) To subject to ritual burning of herbs (suffumigation, smudging)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"paganism",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/smʌd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌd͡ʒ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-smudge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/En-us-smudge.ogg/En-us-smudge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/En-us-smudge.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-smudge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/En-au-smudge.ogg/En-au-smudge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/En-au-smudge.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "blur"
},
{
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "smear"
},
{
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "smutch"
},
{
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "soil"
},
{
"sense": "to use smoke against insects",
"word": "fumigate"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razmazvam",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "размазвам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "zamazat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "tuhria"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "töhriä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "tahria"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "maculer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "verschmieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "verwischen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "opacizzare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "oscurare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "dēlinō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "ukupara"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razmázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "разма́зывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razmázatʹ",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "разма́зать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "desenfocar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "macular"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to obscure by blurring",
"word": "difuminar"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zacapvam",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "зацапвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opetnjavam",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "опетнявам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "töhriä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "verschmieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "verwischen"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "sotkia"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"word": "ukupara"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páčkatʹ",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "па́чкать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispáčkatʹ",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "испа́чкать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "marátʹ",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мара́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zamarátʹ",
"sense": "to soil or smear with dirt",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "замара́ть"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to use dense smoke to protect from insects",
"word": "savuttaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to use dense smoke to protect from insects",
"word": "savustaa"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Smudge (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "smudge"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (ee658f9 and be4df6b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.