See rue in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rue-bargain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rueful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruefully"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruefulness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruesome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruth"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rewe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rewe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrēow",
"4": "",
"5": "sorrow, regret, penitence, repentance, penance"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēow (“sorrow, regret, penitence, repentance, penance”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hreuwu",
"4": "",
"5": "pain, sadness, regret, repentance"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hreuwu (“pain, sadness, regret, repentance”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "reuen",
"t": "to regret, to repent"
},
"expansion": "German reuen (“to regret, to repent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "berouwen",
"t": "to regret, to repent"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berouwen (“to regret, to repent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krows-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krows-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "круши́ть",
"3": "",
"4": "to destroy, to shatter"
},
"expansion": "Russian круши́ть (krušítʹ, “to destroy, to shatter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сокруша́ться",
"3": "",
"4": "to be distressed, to grieve (for, over)"
},
"expansion": "Russian сокруша́ться (sokrušátʹsja, “to be distressed, to grieve (for, over)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "truchlit"
},
"expansion": "Czech truchlit",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*truxlъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *truxlъ",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rewe, reowe, from Old English hrēow (“sorrow, regret, penitence, repentance, penance”), from Proto-West Germanic *hreuwu (“pain, sadness, regret, repentance”). Cognates include German reuen (“to regret, to repent”) and Dutch berouwen (“to regret, to repent”).\nProbably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krows-. If so, note the same sense evolution with in this case cognate Russian круши́ть (krušítʹ, “to destroy, to shatter”), Russian сокруша́ться (sokrušátʹsja, “to be distressed, to grieve (for, over)”). Also compare Czech truchlit from Proto-Slavic *truxlъ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "rue (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 3 18 20 24 4 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 2 9 7 11 2 6 1 0 0 8 2 12 2 4 8 1 1 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 20 13 21 8 10 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 21 11 25 9 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 21 14 23 5 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 12 9 11 24 5 9 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "en:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 25 12 23 4 10 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Spices and herbs",
"orig": "en:Spices and herbs",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 4 27 12 24 4 10 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rue family plants",
"orig": "en:Rue family plants",
"parents": [
"Sapindales order plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1896, A[lfred] E[dward] Housman, “[Poem] XIII”, in A Shropshire Lad, New York, N.Y.: John Lane Company, The Bodley Head, published 1906, →OCLC, stanza 2, page 21:",
"text": "When I was one-and-twenty I heard him say again,\n \"The heart out of the bosom was never given in vain;\n 'Tis paid with sighs aplenty and sold for endless rue.\"\n And I am two-and-twenty, and oh, 'tis true, 'tis true.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sorrow; repentance; regret."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-noun-en:sorrow",
"links": [
[
"Sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"repentance",
"repentance"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal) Sorrow; repentance; regret."
],
"senseid": [
"en:sorrow"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "contrition"
},
{
"word": "misery"
},
{
"word": "unhappiness"
},
{
"word": "sadness"
},
{
"word": "remorse"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razkajanie",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "разкаяние"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎžalenie",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "съжаление"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penediment"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lítost"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "anger"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spijt"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"word": "katumus"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrependimento"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "regret"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sožalénije",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сожале́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ruelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "žal'",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"word": "жаль"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 12 9 11 24 5 9 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "en:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pity; compassion."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-noun-xM9re3vn",
"links": [
[
"Pity",
"pity"
],
[
"compassion",
"compassion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal) Pity; compassion."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ruth"
},
{
"word": "sympathy"
},
{
"word": "compassion"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎstradanie",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "състрадание"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žalost",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жалост"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compassió"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pietat"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "medlidenhed"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"word": "sääli"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"word": "compaixão"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compasiune"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sostradánije",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сострада́ние"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪu̯/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rue.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "roo"
},
{
"homophone": "roux"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rewe"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rewen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrēowan",
"t": "to rue; make sorry; grieve"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēowan (“to rue; make sorry; grieve”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hryggja",
"t": "to distress, grieve"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hryggja (“to distress, grieve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrewwaną",
"t": "to sadden; repent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to sadden; repent”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rewen, ruwen, ruen, reowen, from Old English hrēowan (“to rue; make sorry; grieve”), perhaps influenced by Old Norse hryggja (“to distress, grieve”), from Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to sadden; repent”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rueing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rued",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rued",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"pres_ptc2": "rueing"
},
"expansion": "rue (third-person singular simple present rues, present participle ruing or rueing, simple past and past participle rued)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 3 18 20 24 4 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 20 13 21 8 10 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 21 11 25 9 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 21 14 23 5 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 12 9 11 24 5 9 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "en:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 25 12 23 4 10 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Spices and herbs",
"orig": "en:Spices and herbs",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 4 27 12 24 4 10 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rue family plants",
"orig": "en:Rue family plants",
"parents": [
"Sapindales order plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to rue the day",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I rued the day I crossed paths with her.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC:",
"text": "I wept to see, and rued it from my heart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Thy will chose freely what it now so justly rues.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race:",
"text": "And feminization of the homeland is something to be rued, while the feminized humiliation of the enemy for the sake of the fatherland is cause for commendation and celebration.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Joy Fielding, Still Life:",
"text": "And was the fact she was no longer losing large chunks of time something to be celebrated or something to be rued?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Gary Meehan, True Fire:",
"text": "“If we get in a fight, you'll be ruing your lack of training.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024 December 16, Libby Brooks, “Nicola Sturgeon rues descent into ‘toxic’ debate on topics such as equal marriage”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "Nicola Sturgeon rues descent into ‘toxic’ debate on topics such as equal marriage [title]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To repent of or regret (some past action or event); to wish that a past action or event had not taken place."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-verb-lsJmwvaP",
"links": [
[
"repent",
"repent"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To repent of or regret (some past action or event); to wish that a past action or event had not taken place."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "afterthink"
},
{
"word": "deprecate"
},
{
"word": "regret"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "41 27 6 4 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razkajvam se",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "разкайвам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 27 6 4 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎžaljavam",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "съжалявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 27 6 4 22",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "àohuǐ",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "懊悔"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 27 6 4 22",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "litovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 27 6 4 22",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "želet"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 27 6 4 22",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "berouwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 27 6 4 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "katua"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 27 6 4 22",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "regretter"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 27 6 4 22",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "bereuen"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 27 6 4 22",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metanióno",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "μετανιώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 27 6 4 22",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "huhoehada",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "후회(後悔)하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 27 6 4 22",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "kōhau"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 27 6 4 22",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "hrēowan"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 27 6 4 22",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "arrepender"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 27 6 4 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sožalétʹ",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сожале́ть"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 3 18 20 24 4 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 21 10 31 4 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 2 9 7 11 2 6 1 0 0 8 2 12 2 4 8 1 1 12 2",
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"_dis": "17 5 18 11 29 5 12 3",
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"_dis": "18 3 22 13 27 4 12 2",
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"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"_dis": "17 5 25 12 23 4 10 3",
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"Eating",
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{
"_dis": "18 4 27 12 24 4 10 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rue family plants",
"orig": "en:Rue family plants",
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"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
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}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to repent of sin or regret some past action."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-verb-en:repent",
"links": [
[
"repent",
"repent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To cause to repent of sin or regret some past action."
],
"senseid": [
"en:repent"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "forthink"
},
{
"word": "put the fear of God into"
},
{
"word": "think over"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To cause to feel sorrow or pity."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-verb-doeNMfU6",
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To cause to feel sorrow or pity."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "deject"
},
{
"word": "depress"
},
{
"word": "sadden"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "17 5 25 12 23 4 10 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Spices and herbs",
"orig": "en:Spices and herbs",
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"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "18 4 27 12 24 4 10 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rue family plants",
"orig": "en:Rue family plants",
"parents": [
"Sapindales order plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1842, Nicholas Ridley, The Life of Nicholas Ridley\nwhich stirred men's hearts to rue upon them"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To feel compassion or pity."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-verb-v8jZnOAJ",
"links": [
[
"compassion",
"compassion"
],
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, intransitive) To feel compassion or pity."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "commiserate"
},
{
"word": "compassionate"
},
{
"word": "feel sorry for"
},
{
"word": "mercify"
},
{
"word": "pity"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “The Death of the Old Year”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Old year, we'll dearly rue for you.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To feel sorrow or regret."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-verb-ekKqtAw~",
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, intransitive) To feel sorrow or regret."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grieve"
},
{
"word": "mourn"
},
{
"word": "be sad"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪu̯/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rue.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "roo"
},
{
"homophone": "roux"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rewe"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rue",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "ruwe"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman ruwe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Old French rue",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūta"
},
"expansion": "Latin rūta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥυτή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rue, from Anglo-Norman ruwe, Old French rue, from Latin rūta, from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rue (plural rues)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 3 18 20 24 4 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 20 13 21 8 10 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 21 11 25 9 11 3",
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"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 21 14 23 5 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 25 12 23 4 10 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Spices and herbs",
"orig": "en:Spices and herbs",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 4 27 12 24 4 10 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rue family plants",
"orig": "en:Rue family plants",
"parents": [
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"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "common rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ruta graveolens",
"word": "garden rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Galega officinalis",
"word": "goat's rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Thalictrum thalictroides",
"word": "rue anemone"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Peganum harmala",
"word": "Syrian rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Asplenium ruta-muraria",
"word": "wall rue"
},
{
"word": "wild rue"
},
{
"word": "wild Syrian rue"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "But th'aged Nourse, her calling to her bowre, / Had gathered Rew, and Savine, and the flowre / Of Camphora, and Calamint, and Dill [...].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:",
"text": "Ophelia:\nThere’s fennel for you, and columbines: there’s rue for you; and here’s some for me: we may call it herb-grace o' Sundays: O you must wear your rue with a difference.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 253:",
"text": "The life of one plant would be affected by another. Rue was definitely hostile to basil, rosemary to hyssop, but coriander, dill and chervil lived on the friendliest of terms[.]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta, especially the herb Ruta graveolens (common rue), formerly used in medicines."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-noun-5XsguycW",
"links": [
[
"perennial",
"perennial"
],
[
"shrubs",
"shrubs"
],
[
"Ruta",
"Ruta"
],
[
"Ruta graveolens",
"Ruta graveolens#Translingual"
],
[
"common rue",
"common rue"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "suḏāb",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سُذَاب"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fayjan",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "فَيْجَن"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"english": "obsolete already by 1000 CE",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥazāʔ",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَزَاء"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"roman": "peygānā",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ܦܝܓܢܐ"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"roman": "/*səḏāḇ/",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ܣܕܒ"
},
{
"code": "arc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"raw_tags": [
"Jewish Aramaic"
],
"roman": "peygānā",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פיגנא"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʻegena",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "փեգենա"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "satap",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "սատապ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "spand",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "սպանդ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rúta",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ру́та"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sedefče",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "седефче"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "routa"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roita"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "rude"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruit"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruto"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruud"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruuta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rue"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rude"
},
{
"code": "oge",
"lang": "Old Georgian",
"roman": "ṭegani",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ტეგანი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "Raute"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apíganos",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "απήγανος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pḗganon",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πήγανον"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "rhutḗ",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ῥυτή"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "פְּיגָם"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "rúturunni"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "henrūda",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ヘンルーダ"
},
{
"alt": "うんこう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "unkō",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "芸香"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rūta"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "vinrute"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sodâb",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "سداب"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arruda"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "virnanț"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rută"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rúta",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ру́та"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "рутвица"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "rutvica"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "dora"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "sedef otu"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rúta",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ру́та"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rua"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "rutadaplan"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪu̯/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rue.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "roo"
},
{
"homophone": "roux"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rewe"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uː",
"Rhymes:English/uː/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Aramaic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Classical Syriac translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old Georgian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"en:Emotions",
"en:Rue family plants",
"en:Spices and herbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rue-bargain"
},
{
"word": "rueful"
},
{
"word": "ruefully"
},
{
"word": "ruefulness"
},
{
"word": "ruesome"
},
{
"word": "ruly"
},
{
"word": "ruth"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rewe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rewe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrēow",
"4": "",
"5": "sorrow, regret, penitence, repentance, penance"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēow (“sorrow, regret, penitence, repentance, penance”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hreuwu",
"4": "",
"5": "pain, sadness, regret, repentance"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hreuwu (“pain, sadness, regret, repentance”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "reuen",
"t": "to regret, to repent"
},
"expansion": "German reuen (“to regret, to repent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "berouwen",
"t": "to regret, to repent"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berouwen (“to regret, to repent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krows-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krows-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "круши́ть",
"3": "",
"4": "to destroy, to shatter"
},
"expansion": "Russian круши́ть (krušítʹ, “to destroy, to shatter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сокруша́ться",
"3": "",
"4": "to be distressed, to grieve (for, over)"
},
"expansion": "Russian сокруша́ться (sokrušátʹsja, “to be distressed, to grieve (for, over)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "truchlit"
},
"expansion": "Czech truchlit",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*truxlъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *truxlъ",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rewe, reowe, from Old English hrēow (“sorrow, regret, penitence, repentance, penance”), from Proto-West Germanic *hreuwu (“pain, sadness, regret, repentance”). Cognates include German reuen (“to regret, to repent”) and Dutch berouwen (“to regret, to repent”).\nProbably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krows-. If so, note the same sense evolution with in this case cognate Russian круши́ть (krušítʹ, “to destroy, to shatter”), Russian сокруша́ться (sokrušátʹsja, “to be distressed, to grieve (for, over)”). Also compare Czech truchlit from Proto-Slavic *truxlъ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "rue (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1896, A[lfred] E[dward] Housman, “[Poem] XIII”, in A Shropshire Lad, New York, N.Y.: John Lane Company, The Bodley Head, published 1906, →OCLC, stanza 2, page 21:",
"text": "When I was one-and-twenty I heard him say again,\n \"The heart out of the bosom was never given in vain;\n 'Tis paid with sighs aplenty and sold for endless rue.\"\n And I am two-and-twenty, and oh, 'tis true, 'tis true.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sorrow; repentance; regret."
],
"links": [
[
"Sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"repentance",
"repentance"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal) Sorrow; repentance; regret."
],
"senseid": [
"en:sorrow"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "contrition"
},
{
"word": "misery"
},
{
"word": "unhappiness"
},
{
"word": "sadness"
},
{
"word": "remorse"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Pity; compassion."
],
"links": [
[
"Pity",
"pity"
],
[
"compassion",
"compassion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal) Pity; compassion."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ruth"
},
{
"word": "sympathy"
},
{
"word": "compassion"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪu̯/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rue.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "roo"
},
{
"homophone": "roux"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rewe"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razkajanie",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "разкаяние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎžalenie",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "съжаление"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penediment"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lítost"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "anger"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spijt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"word": "katumus"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrependimento"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "regret"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sožalénije",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сожале́ние"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ruelse"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "žal'",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"word": "жаль"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎstradanie",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "състрадание"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žalost",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жалост"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compassió"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pietat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "medlidenhed"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"word": "sääli"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"word": "compaixão"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compasiune"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sostradánije",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сострада́ние"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uː",
"Rhymes:English/uː/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Aramaic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Classical Syriac translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old Georgian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"en:Emotions",
"en:Rue family plants",
"en:Spices and herbs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rewen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrēowan",
"t": "to rue; make sorry; grieve"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēowan (“to rue; make sorry; grieve”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hryggja",
"t": "to distress, grieve"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hryggja (“to distress, grieve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrewwaną",
"t": "to sadden; repent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to sadden; repent”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rewen, ruwen, ruen, reowen, from Old English hrēowan (“to rue; make sorry; grieve”), perhaps influenced by Old Norse hryggja (“to distress, grieve”), from Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to sadden; repent”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rueing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rued",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rued",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"pres_ptc2": "rueing"
},
"expansion": "rue (third-person singular simple present rues, present participle ruing or rueing, simple past and past participle rued)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to rue the day",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I rued the day I crossed paths with her.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC:",
"text": "I wept to see, and rued it from my heart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Thy will chose freely what it now so justly rues.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race:",
"text": "And feminization of the homeland is something to be rued, while the feminized humiliation of the enemy for the sake of the fatherland is cause for commendation and celebration.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Joy Fielding, Still Life:",
"text": "And was the fact she was no longer losing large chunks of time something to be celebrated or something to be rued?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Gary Meehan, True Fire:",
"text": "“If we get in a fight, you'll be ruing your lack of training.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024 December 16, Libby Brooks, “Nicola Sturgeon rues descent into ‘toxic’ debate on topics such as equal marriage”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "Nicola Sturgeon rues descent into ‘toxic’ debate on topics such as equal marriage [title]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To repent of or regret (some past action or event); to wish that a past action or event had not taken place."
],
"links": [
[
"repent",
"repent"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To repent of or regret (some past action or event); to wish that a past action or event had not taken place."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "afterthink"
},
{
"word": "deprecate"
},
{
"word": "regret"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to repent of sin or regret some past action."
],
"links": [
[
"repent",
"repent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To cause to repent of sin or regret some past action."
],
"senseid": [
"en:repent"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "forthink"
},
{
"word": "put the fear of God into"
},
{
"word": "think over"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to feel sorrow or pity."
],
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To cause to feel sorrow or pity."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "deject"
},
{
"word": "depress"
},
{
"word": "sadden"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1842, Nicholas Ridley, The Life of Nicholas Ridley\nwhich stirred men's hearts to rue upon them"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To feel compassion or pity."
],
"links": [
[
"compassion",
"compassion"
],
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, intransitive) To feel compassion or pity."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "commiserate"
},
{
"word": "compassionate"
},
{
"word": "feel sorry for"
},
{
"word": "mercify"
},
{
"word": "pity"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “The Death of the Old Year”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Old year, we'll dearly rue for you.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To feel sorrow or regret."
],
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, intransitive) To feel sorrow or regret."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grieve"
},
{
"word": "mourn"
},
{
"word": "be sad"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪu̯/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rue.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "roo"
},
{
"homophone": "roux"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rewe"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razkajvam se",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "разкайвам се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎžaljavam",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "съжалявам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "àohuǐ",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "懊悔"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "litovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "želet"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "berouwen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "katua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "regretter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "bereuen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metanióno",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "μετανιώνω"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "huhoehada",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "후회(後悔)하다"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "kōhau"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "hrēowan"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "arrepender"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sožalétʹ",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сожале́ть"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uː",
"Rhymes:English/uː/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Aramaic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Classical Syriac translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old Georgian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"en:Emotions",
"en:Rue family plants",
"en:Spices and herbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "common rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ruta graveolens",
"word": "garden rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Galega officinalis",
"word": "goat's rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Thalictrum thalictroides",
"word": "rue anemone"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Peganum harmala",
"word": "Syrian rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Asplenium ruta-muraria",
"word": "wall rue"
},
{
"word": "wild rue"
},
{
"word": "wild Syrian rue"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rue",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "ruwe"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman ruwe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Old French rue",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūta"
},
"expansion": "Latin rūta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥυτή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rue, from Anglo-Norman ruwe, Old French rue, from Latin rūta, from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rue (plural rues)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "But th'aged Nourse, her calling to her bowre, / Had gathered Rew, and Savine, and the flowre / Of Camphora, and Calamint, and Dill [...].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:",
"text": "Ophelia:\nThere’s fennel for you, and columbines: there’s rue for you; and here’s some for me: we may call it herb-grace o' Sundays: O you must wear your rue with a difference.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 253:",
"text": "The life of one plant would be affected by another. Rue was definitely hostile to basil, rosemary to hyssop, but coriander, dill and chervil lived on the friendliest of terms[.]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta, especially the herb Ruta graveolens (common rue), formerly used in medicines."
],
"links": [
[
"perennial",
"perennial"
],
[
"shrubs",
"shrubs"
],
[
"Ruta",
"Ruta"
],
[
"Ruta graveolens",
"Ruta graveolens#Translingual"
],
[
"common rue",
"common rue"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪu̯/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rue.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "roo"
},
{
"homophone": "roux"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rewe"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "suḏāb",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سُذَاب"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fayjan",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "فَيْجَن"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"english": "obsolete already by 1000 CE",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥazāʔ",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَزَاء"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"roman": "peygānā",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ܦܝܓܢܐ"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"roman": "/*səḏāḇ/",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ܣܕܒ"
},
{
"code": "arc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"raw_tags": [
"Jewish Aramaic"
],
"roman": "peygānā",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פיגנא"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʻegena",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "փեգենա"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "satap",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "սատապ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "spand",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "սպանդ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rúta",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ру́та"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sedefče",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "седефче"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "routa"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roita"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "rude"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruit"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruto"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruud"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruuta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rue"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rude"
},
{
"code": "oge",
"lang": "Old Georgian",
"roman": "ṭegani",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ტეგანი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "Raute"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apíganos",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "απήγανος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pḗganon",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πήγανον"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "rhutḗ",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ῥυτή"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "פְּיגָם"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "rúturunni"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "henrūda",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ヘンルーダ"
},
{
"alt": "うんこう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "unkō",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "芸香"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rūta"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "vinrute"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sodâb",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "سداب"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arruda"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "virnanț"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rută"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rúta",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ру́та"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "рутвица"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "rutvica"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "dora"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "sedef otu"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rúta",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ру́та"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rua"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "rutadaplan"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rue meaning in English (32.0kB)
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"path": [
"rue"
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"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rue",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 3"
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{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "rue/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Classical-Syriac not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Ancient Greek\", \"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 14 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/uː\", \"Rhymes:English/uː/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Aramaic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Classical Syriac translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Old Georgian translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Venetan translations\", \"Terms with Volapük translations\", \"en:Emotions\", \"en:Rue family plants\", \"en:Spices and herbs\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"common rue\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Ruta graveolens\", \"word\": \"garden rue\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Galega officinalis\", \"word\": \"goat's rue\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Thalictrum thalictroides\", \"word\": \"rue anemone\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Peganum harmala\", \"word\": \"Syrian rue\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Asplenium ruta-muraria\", \"word\": \"wall rue\"}, {\"word\": \"wild rue\"}, {\"word\": \"wild Syrian rue\"}], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"rue\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English rue\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"xno\", \"3\": \"ruwe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Anglo-Norman ruwe\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"rue\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French rue\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"rūta\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin rūta\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"grc\", \"3\": \"ῥυτή\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English rue, from Anglo-Norman ruwe, Old French rue, from Latin rūta, from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"rues\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"rue (plural rues)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"But th'aged Nourse, her calling to her bowre, / Had gathered Rew, and Savine, and the flowre / Of Camphora, and Calamint, and Dill [...].\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:\", \"text\": \"Ophelia:\\nThere’s fennel for you, and columbines: there’s rue for you; and here’s some for me: we may call it herb-grace o' Sundays: O you must wear your rue with a difference.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 253:\", \"text\": \"The life of one plant would be affected by another. Rue was definitely hostile to basil, rosemary to hyssop, but coriander, dill and chervil lived on the friendliest of terms[.]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta, especially the herb Ruta graveolens (common rue), formerly used in medicines.\"], \"links\": [[\"perennial\", \"perennial\"], [\"shrubs\", \"shrubs\"], [\"Ruta\", \"Ruta\"], [\"Ruta graveolens\", \"Ruta graveolens#Translingual\"], [\"common rue\", \"common rue\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ɹuː/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ɹɪu̯/\"}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rue.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-uː\"}, {\"homophone\": \"roo\"}, {\"homophone\": \"roux\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"rewe\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"suḏāb\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"سُذَاب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fayjan\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"فَيْجَن\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"english\": \"obsolete already by 1000 CE\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥazāʔ\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"حَزَاء\"}, {\"code\": \"syc\", \"lang\": \"Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"peygānā\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Syriac\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ܦܝܓܢܐ\"}, {\"code\": \"syc\", \"lang\": \"Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"/*səḏāḇ/\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Syriac\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ܣܕܒ\"}, {\"code\": \"arc\", \"lang\": \"Aramaic\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Jewish Aramaic\"], \"roman\": \"peygānā\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"פיגנא\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"pʻegena\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"փեգենա\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"satap\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"սատապ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"spand\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"սպանդ\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"rúta\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ру́та\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"sedefče\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"седефче\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ruda\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"routa\"}, {\"code\": \"dlm\", \"lang\": \"Dalmatian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"roita\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"rude\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ruit\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ruto\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ruud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ruuta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"rue\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"rude\"}, {\"code\": \"oge\", \"lang\": \"Old Georgian\", \"roman\": \"ṭegani\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ტეგანი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"Raute\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apíganos\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"απήγανος\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"pḗganon\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"πήγανον\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"rhutḗ\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ῥυτή\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"פְּיגָם\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ruta\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"rúturunni\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ruta\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"henrūda\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ヘンルーダ\"}, {\"alt\": \"うんこう\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"unkō\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"芸香\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ruta\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"rūta\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"vinrute\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"sodâb\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"سداب\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ruta\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"arruda\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"virnanț\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"rută\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rúta\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ру́та\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"рутвица\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"Latin\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"rutvica\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ruda\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ruta\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ruda\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"dora\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"sedef otu\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"rúta\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ру́та\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetan\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ruda\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetan\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"rua\"}, {\"code\": \"vo\", \"lang\": \"Volapük\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"rutadaplan\"}], \"word\": \"rue\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rue",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"msg": "rue/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Classical-Syriac not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Ancient Greek\", \"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 14 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/uː\", \"Rhymes:English/uː/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Aramaic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Classical Syriac translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Old Georgian translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Venetan translations\", \"Terms with Volapük translations\", \"en:Emotions\", \"en:Rue family plants\", \"en:Spices and herbs\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"common rue\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Ruta graveolens\", \"word\": \"garden rue\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Galega officinalis\", \"word\": \"goat's rue\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Thalictrum thalictroides\", \"word\": \"rue anemone\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Peganum harmala\", \"word\": \"Syrian rue\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Asplenium ruta-muraria\", \"word\": \"wall rue\"}, {\"word\": \"wild rue\"}, {\"word\": \"wild Syrian rue\"}], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"rue\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English rue\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"xno\", \"3\": \"ruwe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Anglo-Norman ruwe\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"rue\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French rue\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"rūta\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin rūta\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"grc\", \"3\": \"ῥυτή\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English rue, from Anglo-Norman ruwe, Old French rue, from Latin rūta, from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"rues\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"rue (plural rues)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"But th'aged Nourse, her calling to her bowre, / Had gathered Rew, and Savine, and the flowre / Of Camphora, and Calamint, and Dill [...].\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:\", \"text\": \"Ophelia:\\nThere’s fennel for you, and columbines: there’s rue for you; and here’s some for me: we may call it herb-grace o' Sundays: O you must wear your rue with a difference.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 253:\", \"text\": \"The life of one plant would be affected by another. Rue was definitely hostile to basil, rosemary to hyssop, but coriander, dill and chervil lived on the friendliest of terms[.]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta, especially the herb Ruta graveolens (common rue), formerly used in medicines.\"], \"links\": [[\"perennial\", \"perennial\"], [\"shrubs\", \"shrubs\"], [\"Ruta\", \"Ruta\"], [\"Ruta graveolens\", \"Ruta graveolens#Translingual\"], [\"common rue\", \"common rue\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ɹuː/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ɹɪu̯/\"}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rue.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-uː\"}, {\"homophone\": \"roo\"}, {\"homophone\": \"roux\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"rewe\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"suḏāb\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"سُذَاب\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"fayjan\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"فَيْجَن\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"english\": \"obsolete already by 1000 CE\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥazāʔ\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"حَزَاء\"}, {\"code\": \"syc\", \"lang\": \"Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"peygānā\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Syriac\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ܦܝܓܢܐ\"}, {\"code\": \"syc\", \"lang\": \"Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"/*səḏāḇ/\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Syriac\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ܣܕܒ\"}, {\"code\": \"arc\", \"lang\": \"Aramaic\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Jewish Aramaic\"], \"roman\": \"peygānā\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"פיגנא\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"pʻegena\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"փեգենա\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"satap\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"սատապ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"spand\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"սպանդ\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"rúta\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ру́та\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"sedefče\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"седефче\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ruda\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"routa\"}, {\"code\": \"dlm\", \"lang\": \"Dalmatian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"roita\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"rude\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ruit\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ruto\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ruud\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ruuta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"rue\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"rude\"}, {\"code\": \"oge\", \"lang\": \"Old Georgian\", \"roman\": \"ṭegani\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ტეგანი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"Raute\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"apíganos\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"απήγανος\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"pḗganon\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"πήγανον\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"rhutḗ\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ῥυτή\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"פְּיגָם\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ruta\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"rúturunni\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ruta\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"henrūda\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ヘンルーダ\"}, {\"alt\": \"うんこう\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"unkō\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"芸香\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ruta\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"rūta\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"vinrute\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"sodâb\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"سداب\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ruta\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"arruda\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"virnanț\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"rută\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rúta\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ру́та\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"рутвица\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"Latin\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"rutvica\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ruda\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ruta\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"ruda\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"dora\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"sedef otu\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"rúta\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ру́та\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetan\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ruda\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetan\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"rua\"}, {\"code\": \"vo\", \"lang\": \"Volapük\", \"sense\": \"any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta\", \"word\": \"rutadaplan\"}], \"word\": \"rue\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rue",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.