See rue on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rue meaning in All languages combined (39.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rue-bargain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rueful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruefully"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruefulness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruesome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruth"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rewe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rewe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reowe"
},
"expansion": "reowe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrēow",
"4": "",
"5": "sorrow, regret, penitence, repentance, penance"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēow (“sorrow, regret, penitence, repentance, penance”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hreuwu",
"4": "",
"5": "pain, sadness, regret, repentance"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hreuwu (“pain, sadness, regret, repentance”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "reuen",
"t": "to regret, to repent"
},
"expansion": "German reuen (“to regret, to repent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "berouwen",
"t": "to regret, to repent"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berouwen (“to regret, to repent”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rewe, reowe, from Old English hrēow (“sorrow, regret, penitence, repentance, penance”), from Proto-West Germanic *hreuwu (“pain, sadness, regret, repentance”). Compare German reuen (“to regret, to repent”) and Dutch berouwen (“to regret, to repent”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "rue (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 4 28 4 5 29 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 1 14 7 9 18 2 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "en:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sorrow; repentance; regret."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-noun-en:sorrow",
"links": [
[
"Sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"repentance",
"repentance"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal) Sorrow; repentance; regret."
],
"senseid": [
"en:sorrow"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razkajanie",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "разкаяние"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎžalenie",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "съжаление"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penediment"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spijt"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"word": "katumus"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrependimento"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "regret"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sožalénije",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сожале́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ruelse"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Pity; compassion."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-noun-xM9re3vn",
"links": [
[
"Pity",
"pity"
],
[
"compassion",
"compassion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal) Pity; compassion."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎstradanie",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "състрадание"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žalost",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жалост"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compassió"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pietat"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"word": "sääli"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"word": "compaixão"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compasiune"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sostradánije",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сострада́ние"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪu̯/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "roo"
},
{
"homophone": "roux"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rue.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rewe"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rewen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ruwen"
},
"expansion": "ruwen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ruen"
},
"expansion": "ruen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reowen"
},
"expansion": "reowen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrēowan",
"t": "to rue; make sorry; grieve"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēowan (“to rue; make sorry; grieve”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hryggja",
"t": "to distress, grieve"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hryggja (“to distress, grieve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrewwaną",
"t": "to sadden; repent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to sadden; repent”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rewen, ruwen, ruen, reowen, from Old English hrēowan (“to rue; make sorry; grieve”), perhaps influenced by Old Norse hryggja (“to distress, grieve”), from Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to sadden; repent”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rueing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rued",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rued",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"pres_ptc2": "rueing"
},
"expansion": "rue (third-person singular simple present rues, present participle ruing or rueing, simple past and past participle rued)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To cause to repent of sin or regret some past action."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-verb-en:repent",
"links": [
[
"repent",
"repent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To cause to repent of sin or regret some past action."
],
"senseid": [
"en:repent"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To cause to feel sorrow or pity."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-verb-doeNMfU6",
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To cause to feel sorrow or pity."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 4 28 4 5 29 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I rued the day I crossed paths with her.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book 4",
"text": "Thy will chose freely what it now so justly rues.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race",
"text": "And feminization of the homeland is something to be rued, while the feminized humiliation of the enemy for the sake of the fatherland is cause for commendation and celebration.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Erica James, It's The Little Things",
"text": "As far as they were concerned, he must be ruing the day he ever met Sally.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Joy Fielding, Still Life",
"text": "And was the fact she was no longer losing large chunks of time something to be celebrated or something to be rued?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Gary Meehan, True Fire",
"text": "“If we get in a fight, you'll be ruing your lack of training.”",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Lorde (lyrics and music), “Writer in the Dark”",
"text": "Bet you rue the day you kissed a writer in the dark",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To repent of or regret (some past action or event); to wish that a past action or event had not taken place."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-verb-lsJmwvaP",
"links": [
[
"repent",
"repent"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To repent of or regret (some past action or event); to wish that a past action or event had not taken place."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "28 4 46 1 20",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razkajvam se",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "разкайвам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 4 46 1 20",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎžaljavam",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "съжалявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 4 46 1 20",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "àohuǐ",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "懊悔"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 4 46 1 20",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "litovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 4 46 1 20",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "želet"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 4 46 1 20",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "berouwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 4 46 1 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "katua"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 4 46 1 20",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "regretter"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 4 46 1 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "bereuen"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 4 46 1 20",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "huhoehada",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "후회(後悔)하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 4 46 1 20",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "kōhau"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 4 46 1 20",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "hrēowan"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 4 46 1 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "arrepender"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 4 46 1 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sožalétʹ",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сожале́ть"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Late 14th century Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Franklin's Tale’, Canterbury Tales\nMadame, reweth upon my peynes smerte"
},
{
"text": "1842, Nicholas Ridley, The Life of Nicholas Ridley\nwhich stirred men's hearts to rue upon them"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To feel compassion or pity."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-verb-v8jZnOAJ",
"links": [
[
"compassion",
"compassion"
],
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, intransitive) To feel compassion or pity."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To feel sorrow or regret."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-verb-ekKqtAw~",
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, intransitive) To feel sorrow or regret."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪu̯/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "roo"
},
{
"homophone": "roux"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rue.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rewe"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rue",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "ruwe"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman ruwe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Old French rue",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūta"
},
"expansion": "Latin rūta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥυτή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rue, from Anglo-Norman ruwe, Old French rue, from Latin rūta, from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rue (plural rues)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 4 28 4 5 29 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 5 36 5 5 18 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 5 36 6 7 14 4 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Spices and herbs",
"orig": "en:Spices and herbs",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 6 40 5 6 14 4 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rue family plants",
"orig": "en:Rue family plants",
"parents": [
"Sapindales order plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "common rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ruta graveolens",
"word": "garden rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Galega officinalis",
"word": "goat's rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Thalictrum thalictroides",
"word": "rue anemone"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Peganum harmala",
"word": "Syrian rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Asplenium ruta-muraria",
"word": "wall rue"
},
{
"word": "wild rue"
},
{
"word": "wild Syrian rue"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 253",
"text": "The life of one plant would be affected by another. Rue was definitely hostile to basil, rosemary to hyssop, but coriander, dill and chervil lived on the friendliest of terms[.]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta, especially the herb Ruta graveolens (common rue), formerly used in medicines."
],
"id": "en-rue-en-noun-5XsguycW",
"links": [
[
"perennial",
"perennial"
],
[
"shrubs",
"shrubs"
],
[
"Ruta",
"Ruta"
],
[
"Ruta graveolens",
"Ruta graveolens#Translingual"
],
[
"common rue",
"common rue"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "suḏāb",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سُذَاب"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fayjan",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "فَيْجَن"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"english": "obsolete already by 1000 CE",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥazāʔ",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَزَاء"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"roman": "peygānā",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ܦܝܓܢܐ"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"roman": "/*səḏāḇ/",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ܣܕܒ"
},
{
"code": "arc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"raw_tags": [
"Jewish Aramaic"
],
"roman": "peygānā",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פיגנא"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʿegena",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "փեգենա"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "satap",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "սատապ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "spand",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "սպանդ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rúta",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ру́та"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sedefče",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "седефче"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roita"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "rude"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruit"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruto"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruud"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruuta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rue"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rude"
},
{
"code": "oge",
"lang": "Old Georgian",
"roman": "ṭegani",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ტეგანი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "Raute"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apíganos",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "απήγανος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pḗganon",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πήγανον"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "rhutḗ",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ῥυτή"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "פְּיגָם"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "rúturunni"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "henrūda",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ヘンルーダ"
},
{
"alt": "うんこう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "unkō",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "芸香"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rūta"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "vinrute"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sodâb",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "سداب"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arruda"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "virnanț"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rută"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rúta",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ру́та"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "рутвица"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "rutvica"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "dora"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "sedef otu"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rúta",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ру́та"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rua"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "rutadaplan"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪu̯/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "roo"
},
{
"homophone": "roux"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rue.wav",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rewe"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"head_templates": [
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"expansion": "rue",
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"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Chuukese cardinal numbers",
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"twenty",
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},
"expansion": "Old French rue",
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},
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{
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],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French rue, developed figuratively from Latin rūga (“wrinkle”).",
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"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "68 4 14 15",
"kind": "topical",
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],
"derived": [
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"word": "à la rue"
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{
"word": "à tous les coins de rue"
},
{
"word": "avoir pignon sur rue"
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{
"word": "bouffe de rue"
},
{
"word": "coin de rue"
},
{
"word": "courir les rues"
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{
"word": "cuisine de rue"
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{
"word": "fille des rues"
},
{
"word": "ruelle"
},
{
"word": "vélorue"
},
{
"word": "vendeur de rue"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
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[
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"tags": [
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],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ʁy/"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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"args": {
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{
"args": {
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"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥυτή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French rue, rude, from Latin rūta, from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).",
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{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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}
],
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],
"word": "rue"
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],
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],
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[
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[
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{
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}
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}
{
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],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman rue",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūta"
},
"expansion": "Latin rūta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥυτή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman rue, from Latin rūta, from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "rue",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A kind of plant belonging to the genus Ruta; rue."
],
"id": "en-rue-enm-noun-D~kfczsG",
"links": [
[
"Ruta",
"Ruta#Translingual"
],
[
"rue",
"rue#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Herbs",
"orig": "enm:Herbs",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Spices and herbs",
"Lifeforms",
"Foods",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sapindales order plants",
"orig": "enm:Sapindales order plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"meadow-rue (plants in the genus Thalictrum)"
],
"id": "en-rue-enm-noun-5Bye9MiK",
"links": [
[
"Thalictrum",
"Thalictrum#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) meadow-rue (plants in the genus Thalictrum)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈriu̯(ə)/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iu̯(ə)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rewe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "reuwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rew"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Old French rue",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "la",
"3": "ruga",
"4": "",
"5": "wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Latin ruga (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French rue, developed figuratively from Latin ruga (“wrinkle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "rues",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rue f (plural rues)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rue f (plural rues)",
"name": "nrf-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Guernsey Norman",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Jersey Norman",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nrf",
"name": "Roads",
"orig": "nrf:Roads",
"parents": [
"Road transport",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There is no road but has an ending.",
"ref": "1903, Edgar MacCulloch, “Proverbs, Weather Sayings, etc.”, in Guernsey Folk Lore, page 520",
"text": "I' n'y a pas de rue sàns but.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"road, street"
],
"id": "en-rue-nrm-noun-7bq0wvR5",
"links": [
[
"road",
"road"
],
[
"street",
"street"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey, Guernsey) road, street"
],
"tags": [
"Guernsey",
"Jersey",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Jer-rue.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Jer-rue.ogg/Jer-rue.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Jer-rue.ogg",
"tags": [
"Jersey"
],
"text": "Audio (Jersey)"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ruva"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ruva",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Swedish ruva",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rua",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a pile, heap"
],
"id": "en-rue-nn-noun-2S97LaSu",
"links": [
[
"pile",
"pile#English"
],
[
"heap",
"heap#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a lump of manure, particularly from a cow"
],
"id": "en-rue-nn-noun-SmEvHAtn",
"links": [
[
"manure",
"manure#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/²rʉːə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "rus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "Trøndelag",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ruv"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "rue"
},
"expansion": "French: rue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: rue"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "rú",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: rú",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: rú"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rue",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: rue, ruwe, rwe, rewe, reuwe, rew\nEnglish: rue\nScots: rew",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: rue, ruwe, rwe, rewe, reuwe, rew\nEnglish: rue\nScots: rew"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ruw",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: ruw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: ruw"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūta"
},
"expansion": "Latin rūta",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥυτή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rūta, from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rue oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rue",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rue oblique singular, f (oblique plural rues, nominative singular rue, nominative plural rues)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rue (plant)"
],
"id": "en-rue-fro-noun-YORxmyFi",
"links": [
[
"rue",
"rue#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rude"
}
]
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rue",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of ruar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-rue-pt-verb-NAWWsKgX",
"links": [
[
"ruar",
"ruar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of ruar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of ruar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-rue-pt-verb-gSPi8O6c",
"links": [
[
"ruar",
"ruar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of ruar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "rue",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Venetian",
"lang_code": "vec",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Venetian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rua"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of rua"
],
"id": "en-rue-vec-noun-YFsX285V",
"links": [
[
"rua",
"rua#Venetian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "rue",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chuukese cardinal numbers",
"Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chuukese lemmas",
"Chuukese numerals"
],
"glosses": [
"twenty"
],
"links": [
[
"twenty",
"twenty"
]
]
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/uː",
"Rhymes:English/uː/1 syllable",
"en:Emotions",
"en:Rue family plants",
"en:Spices and herbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rue-bargain"
},
{
"word": "rueful"
},
{
"word": "ruefully"
},
{
"word": "ruefulness"
},
{
"word": "ruesome"
},
{
"word": "ruly"
},
{
"word": "ruth"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rewe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rewe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reowe"
},
"expansion": "reowe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrēow",
"4": "",
"5": "sorrow, regret, penitence, repentance, penance"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēow (“sorrow, regret, penitence, repentance, penance”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hreuwu",
"4": "",
"5": "pain, sadness, regret, repentance"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hreuwu (“pain, sadness, regret, repentance”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "reuen",
"t": "to regret, to repent"
},
"expansion": "German reuen (“to regret, to repent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "berouwen",
"t": "to regret, to repent"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berouwen (“to regret, to repent”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rewe, reowe, from Old English hrēow (“sorrow, regret, penitence, repentance, penance”), from Proto-West Germanic *hreuwu (“pain, sadness, regret, repentance”). Compare German reuen (“to regret, to repent”) and Dutch berouwen (“to regret, to repent”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "rue (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Sorrow; repentance; regret."
],
"links": [
[
"Sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"repentance",
"repentance"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal) Sorrow; repentance; regret."
],
"senseid": [
"en:sorrow"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Pity; compassion."
],
"links": [
[
"Pity",
"pity"
],
[
"compassion",
"compassion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal) Pity; compassion."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪu̯/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "roo"
},
{
"homophone": "roux"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rue.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rewe"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razkajanie",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "разкаяние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎžalenie",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "съжаление"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penediment"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spijt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"word": "katumus"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrependimento"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "regret"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sožalénije",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сожале́ние"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "repentance, regret",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ruelse"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎstradanie",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "състрадание"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žalost",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жалост"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compassió"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pietat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"word": "sääli"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"word": "compaixão"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compasiune"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sostradánije",
"sense": "pity, compassion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сострада́ние"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uː",
"Rhymes:English/uː/1 syllable",
"en:Emotions",
"en:Rue family plants",
"en:Spices and herbs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rewen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ruwen"
},
"expansion": "ruwen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ruen"
},
"expansion": "ruen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reowen"
},
"expansion": "reowen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrēowan",
"t": "to rue; make sorry; grieve"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēowan (“to rue; make sorry; grieve”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hryggja",
"t": "to distress, grieve"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hryggja (“to distress, grieve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrewwaną",
"t": "to sadden; repent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to sadden; repent”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rewen, ruwen, ruen, reowen, from Old English hrēowan (“to rue; make sorry; grieve”), perhaps influenced by Old Norse hryggja (“to distress, grieve”), from Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to sadden; repent”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rueing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rued",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rued",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"pres_ptc2": "rueing"
},
"expansion": "rue (third-person singular simple present rues, present participle ruing or rueing, simple past and past participle rued)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to repent of sin or regret some past action."
],
"links": [
[
"repent",
"repent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To cause to repent of sin or regret some past action."
],
"senseid": [
"en:repent"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to feel sorrow or pity."
],
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To cause to feel sorrow or pity."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I rued the day I crossed paths with her.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book 4",
"text": "Thy will chose freely what it now so justly rues.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race",
"text": "And feminization of the homeland is something to be rued, while the feminized humiliation of the enemy for the sake of the fatherland is cause for commendation and celebration.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Erica James, It's The Little Things",
"text": "As far as they were concerned, he must be ruing the day he ever met Sally.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Joy Fielding, Still Life",
"text": "And was the fact she was no longer losing large chunks of time something to be celebrated or something to be rued?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Gary Meehan, True Fire",
"text": "“If we get in a fight, you'll be ruing your lack of training.”",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Lorde (lyrics and music), “Writer in the Dark”",
"text": "Bet you rue the day you kissed a writer in the dark",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To repent of or regret (some past action or event); to wish that a past action or event had not taken place."
],
"links": [
[
"repent",
"repent"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To repent of or regret (some past action or event); to wish that a past action or event had not taken place."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Late 14th century Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Franklin's Tale’, Canterbury Tales\nMadame, reweth upon my peynes smerte"
},
{
"text": "1842, Nicholas Ridley, The Life of Nicholas Ridley\nwhich stirred men's hearts to rue upon them"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To feel compassion or pity."
],
"links": [
[
"compassion",
"compassion"
],
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, intransitive) To feel compassion or pity."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To feel sorrow or regret."
],
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, intransitive) To feel sorrow or regret."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪu̯/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "roo"
},
{
"homophone": "roux"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rue.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rewe"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razkajvam se",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "разкайвам се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎžaljavam",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "съжалявам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "àohuǐ",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "懊悔"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "litovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "želet"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "berouwen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "katua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "regretter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "bereuen"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "huhoehada",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "후회(後悔)하다"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "kōhau"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "hrēowan"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"word": "arrepender"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sožalétʹ",
"sense": "to repent or regret a past action or event",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сожале́ть"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:English/uː",
"Rhymes:English/uː/1 syllable",
"en:Emotions",
"en:Rue family plants",
"en:Spices and herbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "common rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ruta graveolens",
"word": "garden rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Galega officinalis",
"word": "goat's rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Thalictrum thalictroides",
"word": "rue anemone"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Peganum harmala",
"word": "Syrian rue"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Asplenium ruta-muraria",
"word": "wall rue"
},
{
"word": "wild rue"
},
{
"word": "wild Syrian rue"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rue",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "ruwe"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman ruwe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Old French rue",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūta"
},
"expansion": "Latin rūta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥυτή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rue, from Anglo-Norman ruwe, Old French rue, from Latin rūta, from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rue (plural rues)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 253",
"text": "The life of one plant would be affected by another. Rue was definitely hostile to basil, rosemary to hyssop, but coriander, dill and chervil lived on the friendliest of terms[.]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta, especially the herb Ruta graveolens (common rue), formerly used in medicines."
],
"links": [
[
"perennial",
"perennial"
],
[
"shrubs",
"shrubs"
],
[
"Ruta",
"Ruta"
],
[
"Ruta graveolens",
"Ruta graveolens#Translingual"
],
[
"common rue",
"common rue"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪu̯/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "roo"
},
{
"homophone": "roux"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rue.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rue.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rewe"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "suḏāb",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سُذَاب"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fayjan",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "فَيْجَن"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"english": "obsolete already by 1000 CE",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥazāʔ",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَزَاء"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"roman": "peygānā",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ܦܝܓܢܐ"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"roman": "/*səḏāḇ/",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ܣܕܒ"
},
{
"code": "arc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"raw_tags": [
"Jewish Aramaic"
],
"roman": "peygānā",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פיגנא"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʿegena",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "փեգենա"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "satap",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "սատապ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "spand",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "սպանդ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rúta",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ру́та"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sedefče",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "седефче"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roita"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "rude"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruit"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruto"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruud"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruuta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rue"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rude"
},
{
"code": "oge",
"lang": "Old Georgian",
"roman": "ṭegani",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ტეგანი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "Raute"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apíganos",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "απήγανος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pḗganon",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πήγανον"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "rhutḗ",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ῥυτή"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "פְּיגָם"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "rúturunni"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "henrūda",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ヘンルーダ"
},
{
"alt": "うんこう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "unkō",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "芸香"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rūta"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "vinrute"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sodâb",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "سداب"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arruda"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "virnanț"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rută"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rúta",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ру́та"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "рутвица"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "rutvica"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruta"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "dora"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "sedef otu"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rúta",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ру́та"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rua"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta",
"word": "rutadaplan"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French verb forms",
"fr:Roads",
"fr:Rue family plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "à la rue"
},
{
"word": "à tous les coins de rue"
},
{
"word": "avoir pignon sur rue"
},
{
"word": "bouffe de rue"
},
{
"word": "coin de rue"
},
{
"word": "courir les rues"
},
{
"word": "cuisine de rue"
},
{
"word": "fille des rues"
},
{
"word": "ruelle"
},
{
"word": "vélorue"
},
{
"word": "vendeur de rue"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rue",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French rue",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French rue",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūga",
"t": "wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Latin rūga (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French rue, developed figuratively from Latin rūga (“wrinkle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rue f (plural rues)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"street, road"
],
"links": [
[
"street",
"street"
],
[
"road",
"road"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁy/"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French verb forms",
"fr:Roads",
"fr:Rue family plants"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rue",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French rue",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French rue",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "rude"
},
"expansion": "rude",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūta"
},
"expansion": "Latin rūta",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥυτή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French rue, rude, from Latin rūta, from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rue f (plural rues)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rue (the plant)"
],
"links": [
[
"rue",
"rue#Etymology 3"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁy/"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French verb forms",
"fr:Roads",
"fr:Rue family plants"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ruer"
},
"expansion": "ruer",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ruer.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rue",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of ruer:",
"first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"ruer",
"ruer#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of ruer:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"ruer",
"ruer#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁy/"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rue",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of ruar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"inflection of ruar"
],
"links": [
[
"ruar",
"ruar#Galician"
]
],
"qualifier": "reintegrationist norm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(reintegrationist norm) inflection of ruar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of ruar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"ruar",
"ruar#Galician"
]
],
"qualifier": "reintegrationist norm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(reintegrationist norm) inflection of ruar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of ruar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"ruar",
"ruar#Galician"
]
],
"qualifier": "reintegrationist norm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(reintegrationist norm) inflection of ruar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rue",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kabuverdianu entries with incorrect language header",
"Kabuverdianu lemmas",
"Kabuverdianu verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"gossip"
],
"links": [
[
"gossip",
"gossip"
]
]
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rue",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present active imperative of ruō"
],
"links": [
[
"ruō",
"ruo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Middle English/iu̯(ə)",
"Rhymes:Middle English/iu̯(ə)/1 syllable",
"enm:Herbs",
"enm:Sapindales order plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rue"
},
"expansion": "English: rue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rue"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rew"
},
"expansion": "Scots: rew",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: rew"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman rue",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūta"
},
"expansion": "Latin rūta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥυτή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman rue, from Latin rūta, from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "rue",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A kind of plant belonging to the genus Ruta; rue."
],
"links": [
[
"Ruta",
"Ruta#Translingual"
],
[
"rue",
"rue#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"meadow-rue (plants in the genus Thalictrum)"
],
"links": [
[
"Thalictrum",
"Thalictrum#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) meadow-rue (plants in the genus Thalictrum)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈriu̯(ə)/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iu̯(ə)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ruwe"
},
{
"word": "rwe"
},
{
"word": "rewe"
},
{
"word": "reuwe"
},
{
"word": "rew"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Old French rue",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "la",
"3": "ruga",
"4": "",
"5": "wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Latin ruga (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French rue, developed figuratively from Latin ruga (“wrinkle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "rues",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rue f (plural rues)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rue f (plural rues)",
"name": "nrf-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Guernsey Norman",
"Jersey Norman",
"Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"Norman feminine nouns",
"Norman lemmas",
"Norman nouns",
"Norman terms derived from Latin",
"Norman terms derived from Old French",
"Norman terms inherited from Latin",
"Norman terms inherited from Old French",
"Norman terms with audio links",
"Norman terms with quotations",
"nrf:Roads"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There is no road but has an ending.",
"ref": "1903, Edgar MacCulloch, “Proverbs, Weather Sayings, etc.”, in Guernsey Folk Lore, page 520",
"text": "I' n'y a pas de rue sàns but.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"road, street"
],
"links": [
[
"road",
"road"
],
[
"street",
"street"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey, Guernsey) road, street"
],
"tags": [
"Guernsey",
"Jersey",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Jer-rue.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Jer-rue.ogg/Jer-rue.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Jer-rue.ogg",
"tags": [
"Jersey"
],
"text": "Audio (Jersey)"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ruva"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ruva",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Swedish ruva",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rua",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a pile, heap"
],
"links": [
[
"pile",
"pile#English"
],
[
"heap",
"heap#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a lump of manure, particularly from a cow"
],
"links": [
[
"manure",
"manure#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/²rʉːə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ruke"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "rus"
},
{
"word": "ruve"
},
{
"alt": "Trøndelag",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ruv"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "rue"
},
"expansion": "French: rue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: rue"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "rú",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: rú",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: rú"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rue",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: rue, ruwe, rwe, rewe, reuwe, rew\nEnglish: rue\nScots: rew",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: rue, ruwe, rwe, rewe, reuwe, rew\nEnglish: rue\nScots: rew"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ruw",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: ruw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: ruw"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūta"
},
"expansion": "Latin rūta",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥυτή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rūta, from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rue oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rue",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rues",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rue oblique singular, f (oblique plural rues, nominative singular rue, nominative plural rues)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"rue (plant)"
],
"links": [
[
"rue",
"rue#English"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rude"
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rue",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of ruar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"ruar",
"ruar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of ruar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of ruar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"ruar",
"ruar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of ruar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "rue",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Venetian",
"lang_code": "vec",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Venetian entries with incorrect language header",
"Venetian non-lemma forms",
"Venetian noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rua"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of rua"
],
"links": [
[
"rua",
"rua#Venetian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "rue"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <li> not properly closed",
"path": [
"rue"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rue",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 3"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'rue oblique singular or', originally 'rue oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"rue"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rue",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'rue oblique singular or', originally 'rue oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"rue"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rue",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'rue oblique singular or' in 'rue oblique singular, f (oblique plural rues, nominative singular rue, nominative plural rues)'",
"path": [
"rue"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rue",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.