See melancholy on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for melancholy meaning in All languages combined (19.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "melancholy thistle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "solemncholy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "malencolie"
},
"expansion": "Middle English malencolie",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "melancolie"
},
"expansion": "Old French melancolie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μελαγχολία",
"4": "",
"5": "atrabiliousness"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía, “atrabiliousness”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μέλας",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "μέλας (mélas)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μελαν-",
"3": "",
"4": "black, dark, murky"
},
"expansion": "μελαν- (melan-, “black, dark, murky”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χολή",
"3": "",
"4": "bile"
},
"expansion": "χολή (kholḗ, “bile”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ātra bīlis",
"3": "",
"4": "black bile"
},
"expansion": "Latin ātra bīlis (“black bile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-y"
},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ly"
},
"expansion": "-ly",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "melancholia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of melancholia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English malencolie, from Old French melancolie, from Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía, “atrabiliousness”), from μέλας (mélas), μελαν- (melan-, “black, dark, murky”) + χολή (kholḗ, “bile”). Compare the Latin ātra bīlis (“black bile”). The adjectival use is a Middle English innovation, perhaps influenced by the suffixes -y, -ly. Doublet of melancholia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "melancholies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "melancholy (countable and uncountable, plural melancholies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 78 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 70 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 67 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 40 32",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "en:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 25 38",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sadness",
"orig": "en:Sadness",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", Bk.I, New York 2001, p.148",
"text": "Melancholy, cold and dry, thick, black, and sour, […] is a bridle to the other two hot humours, blood and choler, preserving them in the blood, and nourishing the bones."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Black bile, formerly thought to be one of the four \"cardinal humours\" of animal bodies."
],
"id": "en-melancholy-en-noun-A2Oa-9Yf",
"links": [
[
"Black bile",
"black bile"
],
[
"humours",
"humours"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Black bile, formerly thought to be one of the four \"cardinal humours\" of animal bodies."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 25 38",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sadness",
"orig": "en:Sadness",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1936 Sept. 15, F. Scott Fitzgerald, letter to Beatrice Dance",
"text": "As to Ernest... He is quite as nervously broken down as I am but it manifests itself in different ways. His inclination is towards megalomania and mine towards melancholy."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Great sadness or depression, especially of a thoughtful or introspective nature."
],
"id": "en-melancholy-en-noun-QKsUACUD",
"links": [
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "سوداء"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "ماليخوليا"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "milanculii"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melanxoliya"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "malenkonia"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mjelanxólija",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "меланхолія"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "melanholija",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "меланхолия"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "malenconia"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "憂鬱"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yōuyù",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "忧郁"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bēi'āi",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "悲哀"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancholie"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "melankoli"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vemod"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancholie"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "weemoed"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melankolio"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melanhoolia"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melankolia"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "apeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "surumielisyys"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "alakulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mélancolie"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancolía"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Melancholie"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwermut"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wehmut"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "melancholía",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μελαγχολία"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mará shẖorá",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מָרָה שְׁחוֹרָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "m'lankólya",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מְלַנְכּוֹלְיָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melankólia"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "þunglyndi"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "malinconia"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yūutsu",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "憂鬱"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "utsubyō",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "鬱病"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "uul",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "우울"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "chimul",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "침울"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancholia"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancholija"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "akacun",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "ᠠᡴᠠᠴᡠᠨ"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "kainatu"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "rāwakiwaki"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "uxaan balartan",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "ухаан балартан"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "melankoli"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tungsinn"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "svartsyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vemod"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tunglynde"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâlixuliyâ",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "مالیخولیا"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâlenxuliyâ",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "مالنخولیا"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancholia"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancolia"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancolie"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tristețe"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "melanxólija",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "меланхо́лия"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dòlasachd"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mulad"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "èislean"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cianalas"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tùirse"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "truime"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dubhachas"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "меланхолија"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "меланколија"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "melanhòlija"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "melankòlija"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "malancunìa"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melanchólia"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melanholija"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancolía"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "melankoli"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "svårmod"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vemod"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tungsinne"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "molixuliyo",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "молихулиё"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melankoli"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "hüzün"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "durgunluk"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "sevda",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "سودا"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "melanxolija",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "меланхолія"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "trầm cảm"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "miråcoleye"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɛlənkəli/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-melancholy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/En-us-melancholy.ogg/En-us-melancholy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/En-us-melancholy.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "melancholly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "melancholie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "melancholious"
}
],
"word": "melancholy"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "malencolie"
},
"expansion": "Middle English malencolie",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "melancolie"
},
"expansion": "Old French melancolie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μελαγχολία",
"4": "",
"5": "atrabiliousness"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía, “atrabiliousness”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μέλας",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "μέλας (mélas)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μελαν-",
"3": "",
"4": "black, dark, murky"
},
"expansion": "μελαν- (melan-, “black, dark, murky”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χολή",
"3": "",
"4": "bile"
},
"expansion": "χολή (kholḗ, “bile”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ātra bīlis",
"3": "",
"4": "black bile"
},
"expansion": "Latin ātra bīlis (“black bile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-y"
},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ly"
},
"expansion": "-ly",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "melancholia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of melancholia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English malencolie, from Old French melancolie, from Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía, “atrabiliousness”), from μέλας (mélas), μελαν- (melan-, “black, dark, murky”) + χολή (kholḗ, “bile”). Compare the Latin ātra bīlis (“black bile”). The adjectival use is a Middle English innovation, perhaps influenced by the suffixes -y, -ly. Doublet of melancholia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more melancholy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most melancholy",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "melancholy (comparative more melancholy, superlative most melancholy)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 25 38",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sadness",
"orig": "en:Sadness",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Melancholy people don't talk much.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest",
"text": "“[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes[…]. And then, when you see [the senders], you probably find that they are the most melancholy old folk with malignant diseases. […]”",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1981, Greg Kihn, Steve Wright, “The Breakup Song (They Don't Write 'Em)”, in RocKihnRoll, performed by The Greg Kihn Band",
"text": "And then the band slowed the tempo / And the music gets you down / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah / It was the same old song / With a melancholy sound / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Affected with great sadness or depression."
],
"id": "en-melancholy-en-adj-YVT3CmP6",
"links": [
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) Affected with great sadness or depression."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "melancholic"
},
{
"word": "sadness"
},
{
"word": "melancholia"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "thoughtful sadness",
"word": "melancholic"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɛlənkəli/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-melancholy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/En-us-melancholy.ogg/En-us-melancholy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/En-us-melancholy.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "melancholly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "melancholie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "melancholious"
}
],
"word": "melancholy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"en:Emotions",
"en:Sadness"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "melancholy thistle"
},
{
"word": "solemncholy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "malencolie"
},
"expansion": "Middle English malencolie",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "melancolie"
},
"expansion": "Old French melancolie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μελαγχολία",
"4": "",
"5": "atrabiliousness"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía, “atrabiliousness”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μέλας",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "μέλας (mélas)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μελαν-",
"3": "",
"4": "black, dark, murky"
},
"expansion": "μελαν- (melan-, “black, dark, murky”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χολή",
"3": "",
"4": "bile"
},
"expansion": "χολή (kholḗ, “bile”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ātra bīlis",
"3": "",
"4": "black bile"
},
"expansion": "Latin ātra bīlis (“black bile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-y"
},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ly"
},
"expansion": "-ly",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "melancholia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of melancholia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English malencolie, from Old French melancolie, from Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía, “atrabiliousness”), from μέλας (mélas), μελαν- (melan-, “black, dark, murky”) + χολή (kholḗ, “bile”). Compare the Latin ātra bīlis (“black bile”). The adjectival use is a Middle English innovation, perhaps influenced by the suffixes -y, -ly. Doublet of melancholia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "melancholies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "melancholy (countable and uncountable, plural melancholies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", Bk.I, New York 2001, p.148",
"text": "Melancholy, cold and dry, thick, black, and sour, […] is a bridle to the other two hot humours, blood and choler, preserving them in the blood, and nourishing the bones."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Black bile, formerly thought to be one of the four \"cardinal humours\" of animal bodies."
],
"links": [
[
"Black bile",
"black bile"
],
[
"humours",
"humours"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Black bile, formerly thought to be one of the four \"cardinal humours\" of animal bodies."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1936 Sept. 15, F. Scott Fitzgerald, letter to Beatrice Dance",
"text": "As to Ernest... He is quite as nervously broken down as I am but it manifests itself in different ways. His inclination is towards megalomania and mine towards melancholy."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Great sadness or depression, especially of a thoughtful or introspective nature."
],
"links": [
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɛlənkəli/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-melancholy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/En-us-melancholy.ogg/En-us-melancholy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/En-us-melancholy.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "melancholly"
},
{
"word": "melancholie"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "melancholious"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "سوداء"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "ماليخوليا"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "milanculii"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melanxoliya"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "malenkonia"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mjelanxólija",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "меланхолія"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "melanholija",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "меланхолия"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "malenconia"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "憂鬱"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yōuyù",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "忧郁"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bēi'āi",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "悲哀"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancholie"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "melankoli"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vemod"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancholie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "weemoed"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melankolio"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melanhoolia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melankolia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "apeus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "surumielisyys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "alakulo"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mélancolie"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancolía"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Melancholie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwermut"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wehmut"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "melancholía",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μελαγχολία"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mará shẖorá",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מָרָה שְׁחוֹרָה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "m'lankólya",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מְלַנְכּוֹלְיָה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melankólia"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "þunglyndi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "malinconia"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yūutsu",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "憂鬱"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "utsubyō",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "鬱病"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "uul",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "우울"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "chimul",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "침울"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancholia"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancholija"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "akacun",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "ᠠᡴᠠᠴᡠᠨ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "kainatu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "rāwakiwaki"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "uxaan balartan",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "ухаан балартан"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "melankoli"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tungsinn"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "svartsyn"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vemod"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tunglynde"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâlixuliyâ",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "مالیخولیا"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâlenxuliyâ",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "مالنخولیا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancholia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancolia"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancolie"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tristețe"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "melanxólija",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "меланхо́лия"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dòlasachd"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mulad"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "èislean"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cianalas"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tùirse"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "truime"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dubhachas"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "меланхолија"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "меланколија"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "melanhòlija"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "melankòlija"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "malancunìa"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melanchólia"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melanholija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "melancolía"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "melankoli"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "svårmod"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vemod"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tungsinne"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "molixuliyo",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "молихулиё"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "melankoli"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "hüzün"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "durgunluk"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "sevda",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "سودا"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "melanxolija",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "меланхолія"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"word": "trầm cảm"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "Sadness or depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "miråcoleye"
}
],
"word": "melancholy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"en:Emotions",
"en:Sadness"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "malencolie"
},
"expansion": "Middle English malencolie",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "melancolie"
},
"expansion": "Old French melancolie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μελαγχολία",
"4": "",
"5": "atrabiliousness"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía, “atrabiliousness”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μέλας",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "μέλας (mélas)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μελαν-",
"3": "",
"4": "black, dark, murky"
},
"expansion": "μελαν- (melan-, “black, dark, murky”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χολή",
"3": "",
"4": "bile"
},
"expansion": "χολή (kholḗ, “bile”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ātra bīlis",
"3": "",
"4": "black bile"
},
"expansion": "Latin ātra bīlis (“black bile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-y"
},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ly"
},
"expansion": "-ly",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "melancholia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of melancholia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English malencolie, from Old French melancolie, from Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía, “atrabiliousness”), from μέλας (mélas), μελαν- (melan-, “black, dark, murky”) + χολή (kholḗ, “bile”). Compare the Latin ātra bīlis (“black bile”). The adjectival use is a Middle English innovation, perhaps influenced by the suffixes -y, -ly. Doublet of melancholia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more melancholy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most melancholy",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "melancholy (comparative more melancholy, superlative most melancholy)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "melancholic"
},
{
"word": "sadness"
},
{
"word": "melancholia"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English literary terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Melancholy people don't talk much.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest",
"text": "“[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes[…]. And then, when you see [the senders], you probably find that they are the most melancholy old folk with malignant diseases. […]”",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1981, Greg Kihn, Steve Wright, “The Breakup Song (They Don't Write 'Em)”, in RocKihnRoll, performed by The Greg Kihn Band",
"text": "And then the band slowed the tempo / And the music gets you down / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah / It was the same old song / With a melancholy sound / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Affected with great sadness or depression."
],
"links": [
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) Affected with great sadness or depression."
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɛlənkəli/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-melancholy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/En-us-melancholy.ogg/En-us-melancholy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/En-us-melancholy.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "thoughtful sadness",
"word": "melancholic"
},
{
"word": "melancholly"
},
{
"word": "melancholie"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "melancholious"
}
],
"word": "melancholy"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.