See sullen on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for sullen meaning in All languages combined (22.4kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "cheerful"
},
{
"word": "content"
},
{
"word": "lighthearted"
},
{
"word": "pleased"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "solein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English solein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "soleyn",
"4": "",
"5": "alone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sole",
"4": "",
"5": "single, sole, alone"
},
"expansion": "Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sōlus",
"4": "",
"5": "by oneself alone"
},
"expansion": "Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English solein, from Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”), from Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”), from Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”). The change in meaning from \"single\" to morose occurred in Middle English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sullener",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sullenest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "sullen (comparative sullener, superlative sullenest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "sad"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sul‧len"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "peevish"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1709, Matthew Prior, Pleasure",
"text": "And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "2007, Steven Wilson, \"Normal\", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.\nSullen and bored the kids stay / And in this way wish away each day",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a brooding ill temper; sulky."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-adj-GyGbWlAC",
"links": [
[
"temper",
"temper"
],
[
"sulky",
"sulky"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xožoṙ",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "խոժոռ"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mračen",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "мрачен"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "navǎsen",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "навъсен"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "esquerp"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "sorrut"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "malhumorat"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "vrangvillig"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "mut"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "gemelijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "nors"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "nyreä"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "yrmeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "ynseä"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "juro"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "maussade"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "morose"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "túzaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "mürrisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "schlecht gelaunt"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "sauer"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "missmutig"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "übellaunig"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "unfreundlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "verdrießlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "grämlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "unzufrieden"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "skuthrōpós",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "σκυθρωπός"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "barúthumos",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "βαρύθυμος"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afflitto"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "astioso"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "girj",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "گرژ"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "whakamokeke"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "haumaruru"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "tukumaru"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "whakarikiriki"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "prunsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "carrancudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugrjúmyj",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "угрю́мый"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "мрзовољан"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "mrzovoljan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "hosco"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "huraño"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "surmulen"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 2 4 3 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "trumpen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 20 13 17 20 13 5 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "en:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a sullen atmosphere",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gloomy; dismal; foreboding."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-adj-0fS0Hk2~",
"links": [
[
"Gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"dismal",
"dismal"
],
[
"foreboding",
"foreboding"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mṙayl",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "մռայլ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zlovešt",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "зловещ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "mørk"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "dyster"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "somber"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "synkeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "morne"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "traurig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "finster"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trostlos"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trübselig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "fade"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trüb"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "kläglich"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trübe"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "miserabel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "jämmerlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trist"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trübsinnig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "griesgrämig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "tetro"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "cupo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "disarmante"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "pōkē"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "pōkēkē"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "tukumaru"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "muggen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "utilfreds"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trist"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "sombrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pečálʹnyj",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "печа́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "суморан"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "sumoran"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 92 1 3 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "sombrío"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 20 13 17 20 13 5 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "en:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sluggish; slow."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-adj-hN81rt5V",
"links": [
[
"Sluggish",
"sluggish"
],
[
"slow",
"slow"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 5 75 4 6 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "treven"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 75 4 6 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "traag"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 75 4 6 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 75 4 6 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lento"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 75 4 6 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "träge"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 75 4 6 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lahm"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 75 4 6 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "zäh"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 75 4 6 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sluggish",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lento"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 75 4 6 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sluggish",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pigro"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 75 4 6 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lento"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 75 4 6 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lento"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 20 13 17 20 13 5 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "en:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lonely; solitary; desolate."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-adj-SMRdjnO6",
"links": [
[
"Lonely",
"lonely"
],
[
"solitary",
"solitary"
],
[
"desolate",
"desolate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Lonely; solitary; desolate."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 12 6 12 21 7 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English adjectives ending in -en",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 4 1 6 33 2 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 1 6 44 3 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 4 1 7 43 3 19 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 20 13 17 20 13 5 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "en:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-adj-gP1skXPH",
"links": [
[
"Mischievous",
"mischievous"
],
[
"malignant",
"malignant"
],
[
"unpropitious",
"unpropitious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 20 13 17 20 13 5 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "en:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1694, John Tillotson, Imprudence of Atheism",
"text": "Things are as sullen as we are.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obstinate; intractable."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-adj-Ew9O2mcn",
"links": [
[
"Obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"intractable",
"intractable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Obstinate; intractable."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌlən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlən"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sullen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg/En-us-sullen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "sŭlʹən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sulky"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "morose"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "glum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "gloomy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "grouchy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "gruff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "ill-tempered"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "ill-humored"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "moody"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "sullen"
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "solein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English solein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "soleyn",
"4": "",
"5": "alone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sole",
"4": "",
"5": "single, sole, alone"
},
"expansion": "Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sōlus",
"4": "",
"5": "by oneself alone"
},
"expansion": "Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English solein, from Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”), from Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”), from Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”). The change in meaning from \"single\" to morose occurred in Middle English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sullens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sullen (plural sullens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sul‧len"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-noun-B2Z3Y~Ap",
"links": [
[
"solitary",
"solitary"
],
[
"hermit",
"hermit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-noun-eoAlbdds",
"links": [
[
"sulks",
"sulks"
],
[
"moroseness",
"moroseness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness."
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌlən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlən"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sullen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg/En-us-sullen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "sŭlʹən"
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zullen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "zölle",
"3": "zólle"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: zölle, zólle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: zölle, zólle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "frk",
"3": "gmw-pro",
"4": "gem-pro",
"5": "ine-pro",
"inh": "3"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "sulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch sulan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch sulan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "sullen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sullen",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"must, to have to"
],
"id": "en-sullen-dum-verb-ED8u0oz3",
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) must, to have to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"may, be allowed to"
],
"id": "en-sullen-dum-verb-8HO1Grib",
"links": [
[
"may",
"may"
],
[
"allowed",
"allowed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, negated) may, be allowed to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"negative",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 49 5 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"will, shall, be going to (future tense)"
],
"id": "en-sullen-dum-verb-u9ucCat0",
"links": [
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"shall",
"shall"
],
[
"going to",
"going to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) will, shall, be going to (future tense)"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to be about to (inchoative)"
],
"id": "en-sullen-dum-verb-95pmPs6E",
"links": [
[
"about to",
"about to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, in the past tense) to be about to (inchoative)"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"indicates a possible or hypothetical situation"
],
"id": "en-sullen-dum-verb-LI3R561n",
"raw_glosses": [
"(modal auxiliary) indicates a possible or hypothetical situation"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"modal"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"indicates information garnered from a third party that may or may not be reliable"
],
"id": "en-sullen-dum-verb-X9lAANIC",
"raw_glosses": [
"(modal auxiliary) indicates information garnered from a third party that may or may not be reliable"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"modal"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "suelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sēlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sōlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sollen"
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "sullen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sellen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of sellen"
],
"id": "en-sullen-enm-verb-A-kOSFC8",
"links": [
[
"sellen",
"sellen#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "sūllen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "sūllen"
},
"expansion": "sūllen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"lang_code": "se",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Sami entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "suollit"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular past indicative of suollit"
],
"id": "en-sullen-se-verb-dQVn6iwY",
"links": [
[
"suollit",
"suollit#Northern Sami"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "cheerful"
},
{
"word": "content"
},
{
"word": "lighthearted"
},
{
"word": "pleased"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adjectives ending in -en",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlən",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlən/2 syllables",
"en:Emotions"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "solein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English solein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "soleyn",
"4": "",
"5": "alone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sole",
"4": "",
"5": "single, sole, alone"
},
"expansion": "Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sōlus",
"4": "",
"5": "by oneself alone"
},
"expansion": "Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English solein, from Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”), from Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”), from Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”). The change in meaning from \"single\" to morose occurred in Middle English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sullener",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sullenest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "sullen (comparative sullener, superlative sullenest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "sad"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sul‧len"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "peevish"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1709, Matthew Prior, Pleasure",
"text": "And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "2007, Steven Wilson, \"Normal\", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.\nSullen and bored the kids stay / And in this way wish away each day",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a brooding ill temper; sulky."
],
"links": [
[
"temper",
"temper"
],
[
"sulky",
"sulky"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a sullen atmosphere",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gloomy; dismal; foreboding."
],
"links": [
[
"Gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"dismal",
"dismal"
],
[
"foreboding",
"foreboding"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Sluggish; slow."
],
"links": [
[
"Sluggish",
"sluggish"
],
[
"slow",
"slow"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Lonely; solitary; desolate."
],
"links": [
[
"Lonely",
"lonely"
],
[
"solitary",
"solitary"
],
[
"desolate",
"desolate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Lonely; solitary; desolate."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious."
],
"links": [
[
"Mischievous",
"mischievous"
],
[
"malignant",
"malignant"
],
[
"unpropitious",
"unpropitious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1694, John Tillotson, Imprudence of Atheism",
"text": "Things are as sullen as we are.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obstinate; intractable."
],
"links": [
[
"Obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"intractable",
"intractable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Obstinate; intractable."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌlən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlən"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sullen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg/En-us-sullen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "sŭlʹən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sulky"
},
{
"word": "morose"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "glum"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "gloomy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "grouchy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "gruff"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "ill-tempered"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "ill-humored"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "moody"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "sullen"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xožoṙ",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "խոժոռ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mračen",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "мрачен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "navǎsen",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "навъсен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "esquerp"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "sorrut"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "malhumorat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "vrangvillig"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "mut"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "gemelijk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "nors"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "nyreä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "yrmeä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "ynseä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "juro"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "maussade"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "morose"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "túzaro"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "mürrisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "schlecht gelaunt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "sauer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "missmutig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "übellaunig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "unfreundlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "verdrießlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "grämlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "unzufrieden"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "skuthrōpós",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "σκυθρωπός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "barúthumos",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "βαρύθυμος"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afflitto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "astioso"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "girj",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "گرژ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "whakamokeke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "haumaruru"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "tukumaru"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "whakarikiriki"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "tukumaru"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "prunsch"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "carrancudo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugrjúmyj",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "угрю́мый"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "мрзовољан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "mrzovoljan"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "hosco"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "huraño"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "surmulen"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "trumpen"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mṙayl",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "մռայլ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zlovešt",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "зловещ"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "mørk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "dyster"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "somber"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "synkeä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "morne"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "traurig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "finster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trostlos"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trübselig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "fade"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trüb"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "kläglich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trübe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "miserabel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "jämmerlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trist"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trübsinnig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "kläglich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "griesgrämig"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "tetro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "cupo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "disarmante"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "pōkē"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "pōkēkē"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "tukumaru"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "muggen"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "utilfreds"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trist"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "sombrio"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pečálʹnyj",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "печа́льный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "суморан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "sumoran"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "sombrío"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "treven"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "traag"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lent"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lento"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "träge"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lahm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "zäh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sluggish",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lento"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sluggish",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pigro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lento"
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adjectives ending in -en",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlən",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlən/2 syllables",
"en:Emotions"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "solein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English solein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "soleyn",
"4": "",
"5": "alone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sole",
"4": "",
"5": "single, sole, alone"
},
"expansion": "Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sōlus",
"4": "",
"5": "by oneself alone"
},
"expansion": "Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English solein, from Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”), from Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”), from Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”). The change in meaning from \"single\" to morose occurred in Middle English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sullens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sullen (plural sullens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sul‧len"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit."
],
"links": [
[
"solitary",
"solitary"
],
[
"hermit",
"hermit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness."
],
"links": [
[
"sulks",
"sulks"
],
[
"moroseness",
"moroseness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness."
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌlən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlən"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sullen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg/En-us-sullen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "sŭlʹən"
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Frankish",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Frankish",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zullen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "zölle",
"3": "zólle"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: zölle, zólle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: zölle, zólle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "frk",
"3": "gmw-pro",
"4": "gem-pro",
"5": "ine-pro",
"inh": "3"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "sulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch sulan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch sulan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "sullen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sullen",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"must, to have to"
],
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) must, to have to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"may, be allowed to"
],
"links": [
[
"may",
"may"
],
[
"allowed",
"allowed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, negated) may, be allowed to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"negative",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"will, shall, be going to (future tense)"
],
"links": [
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"shall",
"shall"
],
[
"going to",
"going to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) will, shall, be going to (future tense)"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to be about to (inchoative)"
],
"links": [
[
"about to",
"about to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, in the past tense) to be about to (inchoative)"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"indicates a possible or hypothetical situation"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(modal auxiliary) indicates a possible or hypothetical situation"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"modal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"indicates information garnered from a third party that may or may not be reliable"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(modal auxiliary) indicates information garnered from a third party that may or may not be reliable"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"modal"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "suelen"
},
{
"word": "sēlen"
},
{
"word": "sellen"
},
{
"word": "sōlen"
},
{
"word": "sollen"
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "sullen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sellen"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of sellen"
],
"links": [
[
"sellen",
"sellen#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "sūllen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "sūllen"
},
"expansion": "sūllen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"lang_code": "se",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern Sami entries with incorrect language header",
"Northern Sami non-lemma forms",
"Northern Sami verb forms",
"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Sami entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "suollit"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular past indicative of suollit"
],
"links": [
[
"suollit",
"suollit#Northern Sami"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.