See sullen on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "cheerful"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "content"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "lighthearted"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "pleased"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "solein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English solein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "soleyn",
"4": "",
"5": "alone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sole",
"4": "",
"5": "single, sole, alone"
},
"expansion": "Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sōlus",
"4": "",
"5": "by oneself alone"
},
"expansion": "Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English solein, from Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”), from Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”), from Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”). The change in meaning from \"single\" to morose occurred in Middle English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sullener",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sullenest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "sullen (comparative sullener, superlative sullenest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "sad"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sul‧len"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "peevish"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "cheerful"
},
{
"word": "content"
},
{
"word": "lighthearted"
},
{
"word": "pleased"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1593, William Shakespeare, Venus and Adonis:",
"text": "Still she entreats, and prettily entreats, / For to a pretty ear she tunes her tale; / Still is he sullen, still he lours and frets, / ‘Twixt crimson shame and anger ashy-pale;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1709, Matthew Prior, Pleasure:",
"text": "And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "2007, Steven Wilson, \"Normal\", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.\nSullen and bored the kids stay / And in this way wish away each day",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a brooding ill temper; sulky."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-adj-GyGbWlAC",
"links": [
[
"temper",
"temper"
],
[
"sulky",
"sulky"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sulky"
},
{
"word": "morose"
},
{
"word": "broody"
},
{
"word": "sullen"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xožoṙ",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "խոժոռ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mračen",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "мрачен"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "navǎsen",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "навъсен"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "esquerp"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "sorrut"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "malhumorat"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "vrangvillig"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "mut"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "gemelijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "nors"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "nyreä"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "yrmeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "ynseä"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "juro"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "maussade"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "morose"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "túzaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "mürrisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "schlecht gelaunt"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "sauer"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "missmutig"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "übellaunig"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "unfreundlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "verdrießlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "grämlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "unzufrieden"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "skuthrōpós",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "σκυθρωπός"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "barúthumos",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "βαρύθυμος"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "doicheallach"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afflitto"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "astioso"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "girj",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "گرژ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "whakamokeke"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "haumaruru"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "tukumaru"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "whakarikiriki"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "prunsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "carrancudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugrjúmyj",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "угрю́мый"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "мрзовољан"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "mrzovoljan"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "hosco"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "huraño"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "surmulen"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 3 5 3 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "trumpen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 13 4 11 20 4 17 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English adjectives ending in -en",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a sullen atmosphere",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], line 88:",
"text": "Our solemn hymns to sullen dirges change;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1671, John Milton, “The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 27, lines 497–502:",
"text": "He added not; and Satan bowing low / His gray diſſimulation, diſappear'd / Into thin Air diffuſ'd: for now began / Night with her ſullen wing to double-ſhade / The Deſert; Fowls in thir clay neſts were couch't; / And now wild Beaſts came forth the woods to roam.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1714, Alexander Pope, “Canto 4”, in The Rape of the Lock:",
"text": "No cheerful breeze this sullen region knows, / The dreaded East is all the wind that blows.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gloomy; dismal; foreboding."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-adj-0fS0Hk2~",
"links": [
[
"Gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"dismal",
"dismal"
],
[
"foreboding",
"foreboding"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "forlorn"
},
{
"word": "melancholy"
},
{
"word": "cheerless"
},
{
"word": "sad"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mṙayl",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "մռայլ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zlovešt",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "зловещ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "mørk"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "dyster"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "somber"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "synkeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "morne"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "traurig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "finster"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trostlos"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trübselig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "fade"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trüb"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "kläglich"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trübe"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "miserabel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "jämmerlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trist"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trübsinnig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "griesgrämig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "tetro"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "cupo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "disarmante"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "pōkē"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "pōkēkē"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "tukumaru"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "muggen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "utilfreds"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trist"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "sombrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pečálʹnyj",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "печа́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "суморан"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "sumoran"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 1 20 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "sombrío"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1814 July 7, [Walter Scott], Waverley; or, ’Tis Sixty Years Since. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC:",
"text": "The larger [stream] was placid, and even sullen, in its course.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1830, Ray Palmer (lyrics and music), “My Faith Looks up to Thee, Thou Lamb of Calvary”:",
"text": "When ends life's transient dream, / when death’s cold, sullen stream / shall o'er me roll,",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sluggish; slow."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-adj-hN81rt5V",
"links": [
[
"Sluggish",
"sluggish"
],
[
"slow",
"slow"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ponderous"
},
{
"word": "stately"
},
{
"word": "slow"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 6 75 4 7 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "treven"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 75 4 7 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "traag"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 75 4 7 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 75 4 7 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lento"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 75 4 7 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "träge"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 75 4 7 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lahm"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 75 4 7 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "zäh"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 75 4 7 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sluggish",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lento"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 75 4 7 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sluggish",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pigro"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 75 4 7 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lento"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 75 4 7 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lento"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 13 4 11 20 4 17 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English adjectives ending in -en",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1380, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Parliament of Fowles, lines 606–607:",
"text": "I recche not how longe that ye stryve; / Lat ech of hem be soleyn al hir lyve,",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1390, John Gower, Confessio Amantis, lines 133–136:",
"text": "That ofte, whanne I scholde pleie, / It makth me drawe out of the weie / In soulein place be miselve, / As doth a labourer to delve,",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1405, Couldrette, The Romans of Partenay, lines 5431–5432:",
"text": "Where ye shall finde this solain auenture, / Full strang vnto sight of ech creature",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lonely; solitary; desolate."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-adj-SMRdjnO6",
"links": [
[
"Lonely",
"lonely"
],
[
"solitary",
"solitary"
],
[
"desolate",
"desolate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Lonely; solitary; desolate."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "forlorn"
},
{
"word": "lonesome"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 13 4 11 20 4 17 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English adjectives ending in -en",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 1 6 26 8 20 20 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 0 9 32 1 16 18 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 0 4 22 1 10 11 3 4 4 3 5 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 0 3 23 0 13 14 2 2 2 2 3 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 10 11 22 13 11 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 6 13 30 5 15 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 6 12 31 5 12 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 6 12 31 5 12 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 1 3 61 1 12 14 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 4 9 40 4 13 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 0 10 36 0 12 16 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 6 12 31 5 12 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 0 9 36 0 11 16 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 6 12 31 5 12 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 3 9 38 3 11 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 6 12 29 5 14 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 0 7 44 0 12 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 6 12 31 5 12 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 6 12 31 5 12 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 0 3 71 0 7 10 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 5 12 29 5 14 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 0 7 44 0 12 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 6 12 30 6 12 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 5 12 31 5 15 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 0 7 42 0 13 17 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 6 12 31 6 12 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 17 11 16 22 10 5 11 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "en:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, (please specify the page number):",
"text": "Such sullen planets at my birth did shine, / They threaten every Fortune mixt with mine.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1835, John Greenleaf Whittier, Mogg Megone:",
"text": "she meets again / The savage murderer's sullen gaze,",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-adj-gP1skXPH",
"links": [
[
"Mischievous",
"mischievous"
],
[
"malignant",
"malignant"
],
[
"unpropitious",
"unpropitious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "malevolent"
},
{
"word": "ominous"
},
{
"word": "evil"
},
{
"word": "ominous"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1694, John Tillotson, Imprudence of Atheism:",
"text": "Things are as sullen as we are, and will be what they are whatever we think of them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obstinate; intractable."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-adj-Ew9O2mcn",
"links": [
[
"Obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"intractable",
"intractable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Obstinate; intractable."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "inflexible"
},
{
"word": "persistent"
},
{
"word": "obstinate"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "sŭlʹən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌlən/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sullen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg/En-us-sullen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "glum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "gloomy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "grouchy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "gruff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "ill-tempered"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "ill-humored"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "moody"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "morose"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "sulky"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "sullen"
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "solein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English solein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "soleyn",
"4": "",
"5": "alone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sole",
"4": "",
"5": "single, sole, alone"
},
"expansion": "Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sōlus",
"4": "",
"5": "by oneself alone"
},
"expansion": "Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English solein, from Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”), from Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”), from Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”). The change in meaning from \"single\" to morose occurred in Middle English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sullens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sullen (plural sullens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sul‧len"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 13 4 11 20 4 17 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English adjectives ending in -en",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1377, William Langland, Piers Plowman, lines 7830–7835:",
"text": "He sit neither with seint Johan, / Symond ne Jude, / Ne with maydenes ne with martires, / Confessours ne wydewes; / But by hymself as a soleyn, / And served on erthe.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-noun-B2Z3Y~Ap",
"links": [
[
"solitary",
"solitary"
],
[
"hermit",
"hermit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loner"
},
{
"word": "shut-in"
},
{
"word": "recluse"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 13 4 11 20 4 17 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English adjectives ending in -en",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act 2, scene 1], line 139:",
"text": "And let them die that age and sullens have;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1632, Philip Massinger, “Act III. Scene IV.”, in The Emperor of the East:",
"text": "If she be not sick of the sullens, I see not the least infirmity in her.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], chapter 7, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume I, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC:",
"text": "[M]y brother […] charged my desire of being excused coming down to sullens, because a certain person had been spoken against, upon whom, as he supposed, my fancy ran.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-noun-eoAlbdds",
"links": [
[
"sulks",
"sulks"
],
[
"moroseness",
"moroseness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "glumps"
},
{
"word": "mope"
}
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "sŭlʹən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌlən/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sullen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg/En-us-sullen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlən"
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "solein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English solein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "soleyn",
"4": "",
"5": "alone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sole",
"4": "",
"5": "single, sole, alone"
},
"expansion": "Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sōlus",
"4": "",
"5": "by oneself alone"
},
"expansion": "Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English solein, from Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”), from Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”), from Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”). The change in meaning from \"single\" to morose occurred in Middle English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sullens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sullening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sullened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sullened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sullen (third-person singular simple present sullens, present participle sullening, simple past and past participle sullened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sul‧len"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1620, Owen Feltham, “XLVIII. Of Idleness.”, in Resolves, Divine, Moral, and Political; republished as Resolves, Divine, Moral, Political, London: Whittaker & Co, 1840, page 128:",
"text": "The idle man is like the dumb jack in a virginal: while all the other dance out a winning music, this, like a member out of joint, sullens the whole body, with an ill disturbing laziness.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make sullen."
],
"id": "en-sullen-en-verb-EATr2SNI",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To make sullen."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "sŭlʹən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌlən/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sullen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg/En-us-sullen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlən"
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zullen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "zölle",
"3": "zólle"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: zölle, zólle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: zölle, zólle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "frk",
"3": "gmw-pro",
"4": "gem-pro",
"5": "ine-pro",
"inh": "3"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "sulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch sulan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch sulan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "sullen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sullen",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"must, to have to"
],
"id": "en-sullen-dum-verb-ED8u0oz3",
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) must, to have to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"may, be allowed to"
],
"id": "en-sullen-dum-verb-8HO1Grib",
"links": [
[
"may",
"may"
],
[
"allowed",
"allowed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, negated) may, be allowed to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"negative",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The aldermen of Bochoute address all who will see this letter by our lord.",
"ref": "1249, Schepenbrief van Bochoute, Velzeke, eastern Flanders:",
"text": "Descepenen van bochouta quedden alle degene die dese lettren sien selen i(n) onsen here.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"will, shall, be going to (future tense)"
],
"id": "en-sullen-dum-verb-u9ucCat0",
"links": [
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"shall",
"shall"
],
[
"going to",
"going to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) will, shall, be going to (future tense)"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to be about to (inchoative)"
],
"id": "en-sullen-dum-verb-95pmPs6E",
"links": [
[
"about to",
"about to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, in the past tense) to be about to (inchoative)"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 8 39 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates a possible or hypothetical situation"
],
"id": "en-sullen-dum-verb-LI3R561n",
"raw_glosses": [
"(modal auxiliary) indicates a possible or hypothetical situation"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"modal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 8 39 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates information garnered from a third party that may or may not be reliable"
],
"id": "en-sullen-dum-verb-X9lAANIC",
"raw_glosses": [
"(modal auxiliary) indicates information garnered from a third party that may or may not be reliable"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"modal"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "suelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sēlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sōlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sollen"
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "sullen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sellen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of sellen"
],
"id": "en-sullen-enm-verb-A-kOSFC8",
"links": [
[
"sellen",
"sellen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "sūllen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "sūllen"
},
"expansion": "sūllen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"lang_code": "se",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Sami entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "suollit"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular past indicative of suollit"
],
"id": "en-sullen-se-verb-dQVn6iwY",
"links": [
[
"suollit",
"suollit#Northern_Sami"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "cheerful"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "content"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "lighthearted"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "pleased"
}
],
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adjectives ending in -en",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlən",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Emotions"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "solein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English solein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "soleyn",
"4": "",
"5": "alone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sole",
"4": "",
"5": "single, sole, alone"
},
"expansion": "Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sōlus",
"4": "",
"5": "by oneself alone"
},
"expansion": "Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English solein, from Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”), from Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”), from Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”). The change in meaning from \"single\" to morose occurred in Middle English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sullener",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sullenest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "sullen (comparative sullener, superlative sullenest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "sad"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sul‧len"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "peevish"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "cheerful"
},
{
"word": "content"
},
{
"word": "lighthearted"
},
{
"word": "pleased"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1593, William Shakespeare, Venus and Adonis:",
"text": "Still she entreats, and prettily entreats, / For to a pretty ear she tunes her tale; / Still is he sullen, still he lours and frets, / ‘Twixt crimson shame and anger ashy-pale;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1709, Matthew Prior, Pleasure:",
"text": "And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "2007, Steven Wilson, \"Normal\", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.\nSullen and bored the kids stay / And in this way wish away each day",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a brooding ill temper; sulky."
],
"links": [
[
"temper",
"temper"
],
[
"sulky",
"sulky"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sulky"
},
{
"word": "morose"
},
{
"word": "broody"
},
{
"word": "sullen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a sullen atmosphere",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], line 88:",
"text": "Our solemn hymns to sullen dirges change;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1671, John Milton, “The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 27, lines 497–502:",
"text": "He added not; and Satan bowing low / His gray diſſimulation, diſappear'd / Into thin Air diffuſ'd: for now began / Night with her ſullen wing to double-ſhade / The Deſert; Fowls in thir clay neſts were couch't; / And now wild Beaſts came forth the woods to roam.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1714, Alexander Pope, “Canto 4”, in The Rape of the Lock:",
"text": "No cheerful breeze this sullen region knows, / The dreaded East is all the wind that blows.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gloomy; dismal; foreboding."
],
"links": [
[
"Gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"dismal",
"dismal"
],
[
"foreboding",
"foreboding"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "forlorn"
},
{
"word": "melancholy"
},
{
"word": "cheerless"
},
{
"word": "sad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1814 July 7, [Walter Scott], Waverley; or, ’Tis Sixty Years Since. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC:",
"text": "The larger [stream] was placid, and even sullen, in its course.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1830, Ray Palmer (lyrics and music), “My Faith Looks up to Thee, Thou Lamb of Calvary”:",
"text": "When ends life's transient dream, / when death’s cold, sullen stream / shall o'er me roll,",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sluggish; slow."
],
"links": [
[
"Sluggish",
"sluggish"
],
[
"slow",
"slow"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ponderous"
},
{
"word": "stately"
},
{
"word": "slow"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1380, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Parliament of Fowles, lines 606–607:",
"text": "I recche not how longe that ye stryve; / Lat ech of hem be soleyn al hir lyve,",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1390, John Gower, Confessio Amantis, lines 133–136:",
"text": "That ofte, whanne I scholde pleie, / It makth me drawe out of the weie / In soulein place be miselve, / As doth a labourer to delve,",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1405, Couldrette, The Romans of Partenay, lines 5431–5432:",
"text": "Where ye shall finde this solain auenture, / Full strang vnto sight of ech creature",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lonely; solitary; desolate."
],
"links": [
[
"Lonely",
"lonely"
],
[
"solitary",
"solitary"
],
[
"desolate",
"desolate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Lonely; solitary; desolate."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "forlorn"
},
{
"word": "lonesome"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, (please specify the page number):",
"text": "Such sullen planets at my birth did shine, / They threaten every Fortune mixt with mine.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1835, John Greenleaf Whittier, Mogg Megone:",
"text": "she meets again / The savage murderer's sullen gaze,",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious."
],
"links": [
[
"Mischievous",
"mischievous"
],
[
"malignant",
"malignant"
],
[
"unpropitious",
"unpropitious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "malevolent"
},
{
"word": "ominous"
},
{
"word": "evil"
},
{
"word": "ominous"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1694, John Tillotson, Imprudence of Atheism:",
"text": "Things are as sullen as we are, and will be what they are whatever we think of them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obstinate; intractable."
],
"links": [
[
"Obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"intractable",
"intractable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Obstinate; intractable."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "inflexible"
},
{
"word": "persistent"
},
{
"word": "obstinate"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "sŭlʹən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌlən/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sullen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg/En-us-sullen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "glum"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "gloomy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "grouchy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "gruff"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "ill-tempered"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "ill-humored"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "moody"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "morose"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "sulky"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sullen",
"word": "sullen"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xožoṙ",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "խոժոռ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mračen",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "мрачен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "navǎsen",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "навъсен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "esquerp"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "sorrut"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "malhumorat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "vrangvillig"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "mut"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "gemelijk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "nors"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "nyreä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "yrmeä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "ynseä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "juro"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "maussade"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "morose"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "túzaro"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "mürrisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "schlecht gelaunt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "sauer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "missmutig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "übellaunig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "unfreundlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "verdrießlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "grämlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "unzufrieden"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "skuthrōpós",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "σκυθρωπός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "barúthumos",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "βαρύθυμος"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "doicheallach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afflitto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "astioso"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "girj",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "گرژ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "whakamokeke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "haumaruru"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "tukumaru"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "whakarikiriki"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "tukumaru"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "prunsch"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "carrancudo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugrjúmyj",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "угрю́мый"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "мрзовољан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "mrzovoljan"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "hosco"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "huraño"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "surmulen"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a brooding ill temper",
"word": "trumpen"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mṙayl",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "մռայլ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zlovešt",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "зловещ"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "mørk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "dyster"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "somber"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "synkeä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "morne"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "traurig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "finster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trostlos"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trübselig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "fade"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trüb"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "kläglich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trübe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "miserabel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "jämmerlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trist"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trübsinnig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "kläglich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "griesgrämig"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "tetro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "cupo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "disarmante"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "pōkē"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "pōkēkē"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "tukumaru"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "muggen"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "utilfreds"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "trist"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "sombrio"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pečálʹnyj",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "печа́льный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "суморан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "sumoran"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dismal",
"word": "sombrío"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "treven"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "traag"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lent"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lento"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "träge"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lahm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "zäh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sluggish",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lento"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sluggish",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pigro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sluggish",
"word": "lento"
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adjectives ending in -en",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlən",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Emotions"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "solein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English solein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "soleyn",
"4": "",
"5": "alone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sole",
"4": "",
"5": "single, sole, alone"
},
"expansion": "Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sōlus",
"4": "",
"5": "by oneself alone"
},
"expansion": "Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English solein, from Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”), from Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”), from Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”). The change in meaning from \"single\" to morose occurred in Middle English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sullens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sullen (plural sullens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sul‧len"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1377, William Langland, Piers Plowman, lines 7830–7835:",
"text": "He sit neither with seint Johan, / Symond ne Jude, / Ne with maydenes ne with martires, / Confessours ne wydewes; / But by hymself as a soleyn, / And served on erthe.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit."
],
"links": [
[
"solitary",
"solitary"
],
[
"hermit",
"hermit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loner"
},
{
"word": "shut-in"
},
{
"word": "recluse"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act 2, scene 1], line 139:",
"text": "And let them die that age and sullens have;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1632, Philip Massinger, “Act III. Scene IV.”, in The Emperor of the East:",
"text": "If she be not sick of the sullens, I see not the least infirmity in her.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], chapter 7, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume I, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC:",
"text": "[M]y brother […] charged my desire of being excused coming down to sullens, because a certain person had been spoken against, upon whom, as he supposed, my fancy ran.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness."
],
"links": [
[
"sulks",
"sulks"
],
[
"moroseness",
"moroseness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "glumps"
},
{
"word": "mope"
}
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "sŭlʹən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌlən/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sullen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg/En-us-sullen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlən"
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adjectives ending in -en",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlən",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Emotions"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "solein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English solein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "soleyn",
"4": "",
"5": "alone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sole",
"4": "",
"5": "single, sole, alone"
},
"expansion": "Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sōlus",
"4": "",
"5": "by oneself alone"
},
"expansion": "Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English solein, from Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”), from Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”), from Latin sōlus (“by oneself alone”). The change in meaning from \"single\" to morose occurred in Middle English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sullens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sullening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sullened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sullened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sullen (third-person singular simple present sullens, present participle sullening, simple past and past participle sullened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sul‧len"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1620, Owen Feltham, “XLVIII. Of Idleness.”, in Resolves, Divine, Moral, and Political; republished as Resolves, Divine, Moral, Political, London: Whittaker & Co, 1840, page 128:",
"text": "The idle man is like the dumb jack in a virginal: while all the other dance out a winning music, this, like a member out of joint, sullens the whole body, with an ill disturbing laziness.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make sullen."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To make sullen."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "sŭlʹən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌlən/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sullen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg/En-us-sullen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-sullen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlən"
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Frankish",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Frankish",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zullen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "zölle",
"3": "zólle"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: zölle, zólle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: zölle, zólle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "frk",
"3": "gmw-pro",
"4": "gem-pro",
"5": "ine-pro",
"inh": "3"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "sulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch sulan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch sulan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "sullen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sullen",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"must, to have to"
],
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) must, to have to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"may, be allowed to"
],
"links": [
[
"may",
"may"
],
[
"allowed",
"allowed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, negated) may, be allowed to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"negative",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch auxiliary verbs",
"Middle Dutch terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The aldermen of Bochoute address all who will see this letter by our lord.",
"ref": "1249, Schepenbrief van Bochoute, Velzeke, eastern Flanders:",
"text": "Descepenen van bochouta quedden alle degene die dese lettren sien selen i(n) onsen here.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"will, shall, be going to (future tense)"
],
"links": [
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"shall",
"shall"
],
[
"going to",
"going to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) will, shall, be going to (future tense)"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to be about to (inchoative)"
],
"links": [
[
"about to",
"about to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, in the past tense) to be about to (inchoative)"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"indicates a possible or hypothetical situation"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(modal auxiliary) indicates a possible or hypothetical situation"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"modal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"indicates information garnered from a third party that may or may not be reliable"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(modal auxiliary) indicates information garnered from a third party that may or may not be reliable"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"modal"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "suelen"
},
{
"word": "sēlen"
},
{
"word": "sellen"
},
{
"word": "sōlen"
},
{
"word": "sollen"
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "sullen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sellen"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of sellen"
],
"links": [
[
"sellen",
"sellen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "sūllen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "sūllen"
},
"expansion": "sūllen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"lang_code": "se",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern Sami entries with incorrect language header",
"Northern Sami non-lemma forms",
"Northern Sami verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Sami entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "suollit"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular past indicative of suollit"
],
"links": [
[
"suollit",
"suollit#Northern_Sami"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "sullen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sullen meaning in All languages combined (30.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.