See obdurate on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for obdurate meaning in All languages combined (14.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "obduracy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "obduratus",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Latin obduratus (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "obdūrō",
"3": "",
"4": "harden"
},
"expansion": "obdūrō (“harden”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ob-",
"3": "",
"4": "against"
},
"expansion": "ob- (“against”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dūrō",
"3": "",
"4": "harden, render hard"
},
"expansion": "dūrō (“harden, render hard”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "durus",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "durus (“hard”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "durable"
},
"expansion": "durable",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "endure"
},
"expansion": "endure",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Mid-15th century, from Latin obduratus (“hardened”), form of obdūrō (“harden”), from ob- (“against”) + dūrō (“harden, render hard”), from durus (“hard”). Compare durable, endure.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more obdurate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most obdurate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "obdurate (comparative more obdurate, superlative most obdurate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "durable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "duration"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "endure"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "endurance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "enduring"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 34 29 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 2 38 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Personality",
"orig": "en:Personality",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 February 12, Les Roopanarine, “Birmingham 1 - 0 Stoke”, in BBC",
"text": "An injury-time goal from Nikola Zigic against an obdurate Stoke side gave Birmingham back-to back Premier League wins for the first time in 14 months.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017 September 7, Ferdinand Mount, “Umbrageousness”, in London Review of Books",
"text": "What Tharoor dismisses as mere ‘positive by-products’ Lalvani sees as central to the India the British left behind: the botanic gardens, the forest conservancies, the Archaeological Survey of India (brainchild of the otherwise obdurate Curzon) and the free press.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent."
],
"id": "en-obdurate-en-adj-VtF0FOHh",
"links": [
[
"Stubbornly",
"stubbornly"
],
[
"persistent",
"persistent"
],
[
"wrongdoing",
"wrongdoing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "obdure"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 12",
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "hardened"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 12",
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "hard-hearted"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 12",
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "impertinent"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 12",
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "intractable"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 12",
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "unrepentant"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 12",
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "unyielding"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 12",
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "recalcitrant"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "pennek"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakoravjal",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "закоравял"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hårdnakket"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "koppig"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "weerbarstig"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hardleers"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "onverzettelijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "opiniâtre"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "têtu"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "stur"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hartnäckig"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ákamptos",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "άκαμπτος"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "poroménos",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πωρωμένος"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sklirókardos",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σκληρόκαρδος"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "aindiúideach"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "dáigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "dígeanta"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "ceanndána"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "dolúbtha"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "righin"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "docht"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hōkeke"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "taringa pākura"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "houkeke"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "kakī mārō"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "upoko mārō"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "taumārō"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hardnakket"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "baulstierich"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uprjámyj",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "упря́мый"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 3 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hårdnackat"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 34 29 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Stephen King, 11/22/63, page 827",
"text": "The past is obdurate for the same reason a turtle's shell is obdurate: because the living flesh inside is tender and defenseless.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Physically hardened, toughened."
],
"id": "en-obdurate-en-adj-XvMOXTTd",
"links": [
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"toughen",
"toughen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Physically hardened, toughened."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 83 12",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakalen",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "закален"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 83 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "keihard"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 83 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "dur comme un roc"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 83 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "hart"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 83 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zakaljónnyj",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "закалённый"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 34 29 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hardened against feeling; hard-hearted."
],
"id": "en-obdurate-en-adj-Wio-47TQ"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdjʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒəɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)ʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)əɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-obdurate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg/En-us-obdurate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "obdurate"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "obduratus",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Latin obduratus (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "obdūrō",
"3": "",
"4": "harden"
},
"expansion": "obdūrō (“harden”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ob-",
"3": "",
"4": "against"
},
"expansion": "ob- (“against”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dūrō",
"3": "",
"4": "harden, render hard"
},
"expansion": "dūrō (“harden, render hard”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "durus",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "durus (“hard”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "durable"
},
"expansion": "durable",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "endure"
},
"expansion": "endure",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Mid-15th century, from Latin obduratus (“hardened”), form of obdūrō (“harden”), from ob- (“against”) + dūrō (“harden, render hard”), from durus (“hard”). Compare durable, endure.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "obdurates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obdurating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obdurated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "obdurated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "obdurate (third-person singular simple present obdurates, present participle obdurating, simple past and past participle obdurated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To harden; to obdure."
],
"id": "en-obdurate-en-verb-EsZvtcZ6",
"links": [
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"obdure",
"obdure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To harden; to obdure."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdjʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒəɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)ʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)əɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-obdurate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg/En-us-obdurate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "obdurate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "obdūrāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "obdūrāte"
},
"expansion": "obdūrāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "obdūrō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of obdūrō"
],
"id": "en-obdurate-la-verb-22VbbDTX",
"links": [
[
"obdūrō",
"obduro#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "obdurate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"en:Personality"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "obduracy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "obduratus",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Latin obduratus (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "obdūrō",
"3": "",
"4": "harden"
},
"expansion": "obdūrō (“harden”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ob-",
"3": "",
"4": "against"
},
"expansion": "ob- (“against”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dūrō",
"3": "",
"4": "harden, render hard"
},
"expansion": "dūrō (“harden, render hard”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "durus",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "durus (“hard”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "durable"
},
"expansion": "durable",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "endure"
},
"expansion": "endure",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Mid-15th century, from Latin obduratus (“hardened”), form of obdūrō (“harden”), from ob- (“against”) + dūrō (“harden, render hard”), from durus (“hard”). Compare durable, endure.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more obdurate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most obdurate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "obdurate (comparative more obdurate, superlative most obdurate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "durable"
},
{
"word": "duration"
},
{
"word": "endure"
},
{
"word": "endurance"
},
{
"word": "enduring"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 February 12, Les Roopanarine, “Birmingham 1 - 0 Stoke”, in BBC",
"text": "An injury-time goal from Nikola Zigic against an obdurate Stoke side gave Birmingham back-to back Premier League wins for the first time in 14 months.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017 September 7, Ferdinand Mount, “Umbrageousness”, in London Review of Books",
"text": "What Tharoor dismisses as mere ‘positive by-products’ Lalvani sees as central to the India the British left behind: the botanic gardens, the forest conservancies, the Archaeological Survey of India (brainchild of the otherwise obdurate Curzon) and the free press.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent."
],
"links": [
[
"Stubbornly",
"stubbornly"
],
[
"persistent",
"persistent"
],
[
"wrongdoing",
"wrongdoing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "obdure"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Stephen King, 11/22/63, page 827",
"text": "The past is obdurate for the same reason a turtle's shell is obdurate: because the living flesh inside is tender and defenseless.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Physically hardened, toughened."
],
"links": [
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"toughen",
"toughen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Physically hardened, toughened."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Hardened against feeling; hard-hearted."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdjʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒəɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)ʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)əɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-obdurate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg/En-us-obdurate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "hardened"
},
{
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "hard-hearted"
},
{
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "impertinent"
},
{
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "intractable"
},
{
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "unrepentant"
},
{
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "unyielding"
},
{
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "recalcitrant"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "pennek"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakoravjal",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "закоравял"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hårdnakket"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "koppig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "weerbarstig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hardleers"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "onverzettelijk"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "opiniâtre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "têtu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "stur"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hartnäckig"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ákamptos",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "άκαμπτος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "poroménos",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πωρωμένος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sklirókardos",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σκληρόκαρδος"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "aindiúideach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "dáigh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "dígeanta"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "ceanndána"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "dolúbtha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "righin"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "docht"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hōkeke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "taringa pākura"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "houkeke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "kakī mārō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "upoko mārō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "taumārō"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hardnakket"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "baulstierich"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uprjámyj",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "упря́мый"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hårdnackat"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakalen",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "закален"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "keihard"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "dur comme un roc"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "hart"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zakaljónnyj",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "закалённый"
}
],
"word": "obdurate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"en:Personality"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "obduratus",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Latin obduratus (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "obdūrō",
"3": "",
"4": "harden"
},
"expansion": "obdūrō (“harden”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ob-",
"3": "",
"4": "against"
},
"expansion": "ob- (“against”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dūrō",
"3": "",
"4": "harden, render hard"
},
"expansion": "dūrō (“harden, render hard”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "durus",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "durus (“hard”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "durable"
},
"expansion": "durable",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "endure"
},
"expansion": "endure",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Mid-15th century, from Latin obduratus (“hardened”), form of obdūrō (“harden”), from ob- (“against”) + dūrō (“harden, render hard”), from durus (“hard”). Compare durable, endure.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "obdurates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obdurating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obdurated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "obdurated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "obdurate (third-person singular simple present obdurates, present participle obdurating, simple past and past participle obdurated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To harden; to obdure."
],
"links": [
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"obdure",
"obdure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To harden; to obdure."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdjʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒəɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)ʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)əɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-obdurate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg/En-us-obdurate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "obdurate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "obdūrāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "obdūrāte"
},
"expansion": "obdūrāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "obdūrō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of obdūrō"
],
"links": [
[
"obdūrō",
"obduro#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "obdurate"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.