See obdurate on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "obduracy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "obduratus",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Latin obduratus (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Mid-15th century, from Latin obduratus (“hardened”), form of obdūrō (“harden”), from ob- (“against”) + dūrō (“harden, render hard”), from durus (“hard”). Compare durable, endure.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more obdurate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most obdurate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "obdurate (comparative more obdurate, superlative most obdurate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "durable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "duration"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "endure"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "endurance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "enduring"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 34 29 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 30 23 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 38 30 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 26 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 26 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 32 24 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 37 25 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 37 26 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 34 24 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 24 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 34 27 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 36 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 2 38 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Personality",
"orig": "en:Personality",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):",
"text": "[…] sometimes the very custom of evil making the heart obdurate against whatsoever instructions to the contrary […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1594, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC, [verse 34], lines [199–200]:",
"text": "Art thou obdurate, flintie, hard as ſteele? / Nay more then flint, for ſtone at raine relenteth: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 56–58:",
"text": "[…] round he throws his baleful eyes\nThat witness'd huge affliction and dismay\nMixt with obdurate pride and stedfast hate:",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1818, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “(please specify the page)”, in The Revolt of Islam; […], London: […] [F]or C[harles] and J[ames] Ollier, […]; by B[uchanan] M‘Millan, […], →OCLC, stanza 9:",
"text": "But custom maketh blind and obdurate\nThe loftiest hearts.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011 February 12, Les Roopanarine, “Birmingham 1 - 0 Stoke”, in BBC:",
"text": "An injury-time goal from Nikola Zigic against an obdurate Stoke side gave Birmingham back-to back Premier League wins for the first time in 14 months.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017 September 7, Ferdinand Mount, “Umbrageousness”, in London Review of Books:",
"text": "What Tharoor dismisses as mere ‘positive by-products’ Lalvani sees as central to the India the British left behind: the botanic gardens, the forest conservancies, the Archaeological Survey of India (brainchild of the otherwise obdurate Curzon) and the free press.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent."
],
"id": "en-obdurate-en-adj-VtF0FOHh",
"links": [
[
"Stubbornly",
"stubbornly"
],
[
"persistent",
"persistent"
],
[
"wrongdoing",
"wrongdoing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "obdure"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 12",
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "hardened"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 12",
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "hard-hearted"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 12",
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "impertinent"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 12",
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "intractable"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 12",
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "unrepentant"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 12",
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "unyielding"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 12",
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "recalcitrant"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "pennek"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakoravjal",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "закоравял"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hårdnakket"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "koppig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "weerbarstig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hardleers"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "onverzettelijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "opiniâtre"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "têtu"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "stur"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hartnäckig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ákamptos",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "άκαμπτος"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "poroménos",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πωρωμένος"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sklirókardos",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σκληρόκαρδος"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "megrögzött"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "megátalkodott"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "aindiúideach"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "dáigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "dígeanta"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "ceanndána"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "dolúbtha"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "righin"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "docht"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hōkeke"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "taringa pākura"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "houkeke"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "kakī mārō"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "upoko mārō"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "taumārō"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hardnakket"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "baulstierich"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uprjámyj",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "упря́мый"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 4 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hårdnackat"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 34 29 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 38 29 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 38 30 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 26 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 26 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 32 24 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 38 27 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 37 25 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 37 26 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 34 24 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 24 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 34 27 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 45 24 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 40 27 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 36 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Stephen King, 11/22/63, page 827:",
"text": "The past is obdurate for the same reason a turtle's shell is obdurate: because the living flesh inside is tender and defenseless.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Physically hardened, toughened."
],
"id": "en-obdurate-en-adj-XvMOXTTd",
"links": [
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"toughen",
"toughen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Physically hardened, toughened."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 82 13",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakalen",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "закален"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 82 13",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "keihard"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 82 13",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "dur comme un roc"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 82 13",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "hart"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 82 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zakaljónnyj",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "закалённый"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 34 29 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 38 30 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 26 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 26 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 32 24 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 37 25 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 37 26 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 34 24 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 24 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 34 27 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 36 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 13, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:",
"text": "I fear the gentleman to whom Miss Amelia's letters were addressed was rather an obdurate critic.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hardened against feeling; hard-hearted."
],
"id": "en-obdurate-en-adj-Wio-47TQ"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdjʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒəɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)ʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)əɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-obdurate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg/En-us-obdurate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg"
}
],
"word": "obdurate"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "obduratus",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Latin obduratus (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Mid-15th century, from Latin obduratus (“hardened”), form of obdūrō (“harden”), from ob- (“against”) + dūrō (“harden, render hard”), from durus (“hard”). Compare durable, endure.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "obdurates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obdurating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obdurated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "obdurated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "obdurate (third-person singular simple present obdurates, present participle obdurating, simple past and past participle obdurated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 34 24 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 24 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To harden; to obdure."
],
"id": "en-obdurate-en-verb-EsZvtcZ6",
"links": [
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"obdure",
"obdure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To harden; to obdure."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdjʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒəɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)ʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)əɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-obdurate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg/En-us-obdurate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg"
}
],
"word": "obdurate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "obdūrāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "obdūrāte"
},
"expansion": "obdūrāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "obdūrō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of obdūrō"
],
"id": "en-obdurate-la-verb-22VbbDTX",
"links": [
[
"obdūrō",
"obduro#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "obdurate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Personality"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "obduracy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "obduratus",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Latin obduratus (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Mid-15th century, from Latin obduratus (“hardened”), form of obdūrō (“harden”), from ob- (“against”) + dūrō (“harden, render hard”), from durus (“hard”). Compare durable, endure.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more obdurate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most obdurate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "obdurate (comparative more obdurate, superlative most obdurate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "durable"
},
{
"word": "duration"
},
{
"word": "endure"
},
{
"word": "endurance"
},
{
"word": "enduring"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):",
"text": "[…] sometimes the very custom of evil making the heart obdurate against whatsoever instructions to the contrary […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1594, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC, [verse 34], lines [199–200]:",
"text": "Art thou obdurate, flintie, hard as ſteele? / Nay more then flint, for ſtone at raine relenteth: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 56–58:",
"text": "[…] round he throws his baleful eyes\nThat witness'd huge affliction and dismay\nMixt with obdurate pride and stedfast hate:",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1818, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “(please specify the page)”, in The Revolt of Islam; […], London: […] [F]or C[harles] and J[ames] Ollier, […]; by B[uchanan] M‘Millan, […], →OCLC, stanza 9:",
"text": "But custom maketh blind and obdurate\nThe loftiest hearts.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011 February 12, Les Roopanarine, “Birmingham 1 - 0 Stoke”, in BBC:",
"text": "An injury-time goal from Nikola Zigic against an obdurate Stoke side gave Birmingham back-to back Premier League wins for the first time in 14 months.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017 September 7, Ferdinand Mount, “Umbrageousness”, in London Review of Books:",
"text": "What Tharoor dismisses as mere ‘positive by-products’ Lalvani sees as central to the India the British left behind: the botanic gardens, the forest conservancies, the Archaeological Survey of India (brainchild of the otherwise obdurate Curzon) and the free press.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent."
],
"links": [
[
"Stubbornly",
"stubbornly"
],
[
"persistent",
"persistent"
],
[
"wrongdoing",
"wrongdoing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "obdure"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Stephen King, 11/22/63, page 827:",
"text": "The past is obdurate for the same reason a turtle's shell is obdurate: because the living flesh inside is tender and defenseless.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Physically hardened, toughened."
],
"links": [
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"toughen",
"toughen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Physically hardened, toughened."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 13, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:",
"text": "I fear the gentleman to whom Miss Amelia's letters were addressed was rather an obdurate critic.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hardened against feeling; hard-hearted."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdjʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒəɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)ʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)əɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-obdurate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg/En-us-obdurate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "hardened"
},
{
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "hard-hearted"
},
{
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "impertinent"
},
{
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "intractable"
},
{
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "unrepentant"
},
{
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "unyielding"
},
{
"sense": "stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing",
"word": "recalcitrant"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "pennek"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakoravjal",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "закоравял"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hårdnakket"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "koppig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "weerbarstig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hardleers"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "onverzettelijk"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "opiniâtre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "têtu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "stur"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hartnäckig"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ákamptos",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "άκαμπτος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "poroménos",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πωρωμένος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sklirókardos",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σκληρόκαρδος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "megrögzött"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "megátalkodott"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "aindiúideach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "dáigh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "dígeanta"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "ceanndána"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "dolúbtha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "righin"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "docht"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hōkeke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "taringa pākura"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "houkeke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "kakī mārō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "upoko mārō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "taumārō"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hardnakket"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "baulstierich"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uprjámyj",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "упря́мый"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent",
"word": "hårdnackat"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakalen",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "закален"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "keihard"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "dur comme un roc"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "hart"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zakaljónnyj",
"sense": "Physically hardened, toughened",
"word": "закалённый"
}
],
"word": "obdurate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Personality"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "obduratus",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Latin obduratus (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Mid-15th century, from Latin obduratus (“hardened”), form of obdūrō (“harden”), from ob- (“against”) + dūrō (“harden, render hard”), from durus (“hard”). Compare durable, endure.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "obdurates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obdurating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obdurated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "obdurated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "obdurate (third-person singular simple present obdurates, present participle obdurating, simple past and past participle obdurated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To harden; to obdure."
],
"links": [
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"obdure",
"obdure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To harden; to obdure."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdjʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɒbdʒəɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)ʊɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑbd(j)əɹɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ət/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-obdurate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg/En-us-obdurate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/En-us-obdurate.ogg"
}
],
"word": "obdurate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "obdūrāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "obdūrāte"
},
"expansion": "obdūrāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "obdūrō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of obdūrō"
],
"links": [
[
"obdūrō",
"obduro#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "obdurate"
}
Download raw JSONL data for obdurate meaning in All languages combined (14.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.