See stubborn on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for stubborn meaning in All languages combined (31.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stubborn as a mule"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stubbornly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stubbornness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stubborn up"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stiborne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stiborne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stibourne"
},
"expansion": "stibourne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stoburn"
},
"expansion": "stoburn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stoburne"
},
"expansion": "stoburne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "styburne"
},
"expansion": "styburne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stiborn"
},
"expansion": "stiborn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stybb",
"3": "",
"4": "a stump, stub"
},
"expansion": "stybb (“a stump, stub”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-or"
},
"expansion": "-or",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bitor"
},
"expansion": "Old English bitor",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "English bitter",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stiborne, stibourne, stoburn, stoburne, styburne, stiborn. Origin uncertain.\nOne theory is that the origin may come from *stybor, *stibor, from Old English stybb (“a stump, stub”) + adj. formative -or as in Old English bitor, English bitter.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stubborner",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "stubbornest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "stubborn (comparative stubborner, superlative stubbornest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"stub‧born"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 2 39 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Kurdish terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 2 40 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 46 5 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Personality",
"orig": "en:Personality",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He is pretty stubborn about his political beliefs, so why bother arguing?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Blood can make a very stubborn stain on fabrics if not washed properly.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Refusing to move or to change one's opinion; obstinate; firmly resisting; persistent in doing something."
],
"id": "en-stubborn-en-adj-n~oF-E-O",
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"opinion",
"opinion"
],
[
"obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"resist",
"resist"
],
[
"persistent",
"persistent"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕanīd",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "عَنِيد"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hamaṙ",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "համառ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "ãkürgü̃z",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "আঁকোৰগোঁজ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "gü̃ar",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "গোঁৱাৰ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "neciu"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "inad"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "inadkar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "tərs"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "kaskagogor"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "upárty",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "упа́рты"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "pennek"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "inat",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "инат"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "tossut"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "cabut"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "caparrut"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "enterc"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "kashtakulu"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "固執"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gu³ zap¹",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "固执"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "硬頸"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ngaang⁶ geng²",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "硬颈"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ngau⁴ pei⁴",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "牛皮"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "頑固"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wángù",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "顽固"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "固執"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gùzhí",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "固执"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "執拗"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhíniù",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "执拗"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "eriş"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "tvrdohlavý"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "neústupný"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "stædig"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "hardnekkig"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "koppig"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "halsstarrig"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "eigenwijs"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "obstina"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "kangekaelne"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "treiskur"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "stívrendur"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "itsepäinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "têtu"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "entêté"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "borné"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "teimudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "testán"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "cornán"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "cazurro"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "túzaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ǯiuṭi",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ჯიუტი"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šeuṗovari",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "შეუპოვარი"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "udreḳi",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "უდრეკი"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳerṗi",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "კერპი"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "stur"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "dickköpfig"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "peismatáris",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "πεισματάρης"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "authádēs",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "αὐθάδης"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "sklērotrákhēlos",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "σκληροτράχηλος"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "nuha"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "'aqshán",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "עַקְשָׁן"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "'iqésh",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "עִקֵּשׁ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "qshe 'óref",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "קְשֵׁה עֹרֶף"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "haṭhī",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "हठी"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ziddī",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ज़िद्दी"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "akkhaṛ",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "अक्खड़"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "makacs"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "konok"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"note": "of horses",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "pero"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "stalcach"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ceanndána"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "stalcánta"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "stuacach"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ostinato"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "testardo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"alt": "がんこな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ganko na",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "頑固な"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bırbetkei",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "бірбеткей"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gojibi seda",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "고집이 세다"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gojisikhada",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "고지식하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "kele req",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "کەلە ڕەق"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "obstinātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ln",
"lang": "Lingala",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "mutu makasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "užsispyręs"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tvŕdoglav",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "твр́доглав"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "úporen",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "у́порен"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "svóeglav",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "сво́еглав"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "kōioio"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "mōtohe"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "whakangutungutu"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "kakī mārō"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "taringa kōhatu"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "upoko mārō"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "whakatohe"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "taringa mārō"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mer",
"lang": "Meru",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ndemi"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "r'calcitrant"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "vithouard"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "hieux"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "sta"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "hardnakket"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "vrangvillig"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "sta"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "hardnakka"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "vrangviljug"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ānwille"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "xəray",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "خری"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "źilay",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ځيلی"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kale šaq",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "کله شق"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "semej",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "سمج"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "serteq",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "سرتق"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "baulstierich"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "hoatnakich"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "uparty"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "teimoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "cabeça-dura"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "cabeçudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "casmurro"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "turrão"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "thalu"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "încăpățânat"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "căpățânos"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "îndărătnic"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"tags": [
"familiar"
],
"word": "căpos"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "upórnyj",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "упо́рный"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uprjámyj",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "упря́мый"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "upjórtyj",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "упёртый"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nastójčivyj",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "насто́йчивый"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neustúpčivyj",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "неусту́пчивый"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žestokovyjnyj",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "жестоковыйный"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "rag-mhuinealach"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "rag"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тврдоглав"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "tvrdoglav"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "tvrdohlavý"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "neoblomný"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "zarytý"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "zaťatý"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "tvrdošijný"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "úporný"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "trmast"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "trdoglav"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "testarudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "obstinado"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"tags": [
"familiar"
],
"word": "cabezota"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "terco"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "cabezadura"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "porfiado"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "tozudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "obcecado"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "envis"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "hårdnackad"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "malig-in"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "matigas ang ulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "maliwaliwa"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "moṇḍi",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "మొండి"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "inatçı"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vpértyj",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "впе́ртий"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "haṭhī",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ہٹھی"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "bướng bỉnh"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ngoan cố"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "lì lợm"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "lì"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "tiestou"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "buké"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "macté"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "styfnig"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 46 5 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Personality",
"orig": "en:Personality",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of materials: physically stiff and inflexible; not easily melted or worked."
],
"id": "en-stubborn-en-adj-RCEuadDQ"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstʌbɚn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstʌbən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstʊbən/",
"tags": [
"England",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌbə(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stubborn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-stubborn.ogg/En-us-stubborn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-stubborn.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-stubborn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/En-uk-stubborn.ogg/En-uk-stubborn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/En-uk-stubborn.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "willful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "headstrong"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wayward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "obstinate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "obdurate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "contrary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "disobedient"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "insubordinate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "undisciplined"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "adamant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unyielding"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rebellious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "perseverant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "persistent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "enduring"
}
],
"word": "stubborn"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stiborne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stiborne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stibourne"
},
"expansion": "stibourne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stoburn"
},
"expansion": "stoburn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stoburne"
},
"expansion": "stoburne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "styburne"
},
"expansion": "styburne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stiborn"
},
"expansion": "stiborn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stybb",
"3": "",
"4": "a stump, stub"
},
"expansion": "stybb (“a stump, stub”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-or"
},
"expansion": "-or",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bitor"
},
"expansion": "Old English bitor",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "English bitter",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stiborne, stibourne, stoburn, stoburne, styburne, stiborn. Origin uncertain.\nOne theory is that the origin may come from *stybor, *stibor, from Old English stybb (“a stump, stub”) + adj. formative -or as in Old English bitor, English bitter.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "stubborn (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"stub‧born"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 2 39 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Kurdish terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 2 40 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Dana Stabenow, A Grave Denied, page 86",
"text": "But I have to say that one thing you inherited from your mother is a whole lot of stubborn.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Victoria Hamilton, Muffin But Murder",
"text": "That takes a lot of stubborn for a seventy-something man.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Ken Robert Baugh, Just Passing Time",
"text": "Stubborn is not eating pizza out of a square pan because you know it won't taste as good as a round one. Stubborn is spending twelve thousand dollars to fix a five-hundred-dollar truck just because it's “your baby.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Stubbornness."
],
"id": "en-stubborn-en-noun-OcyoNNur",
"links": [
[
"Stubbornness",
"stubbornness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) Stubbornness."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a disease of citrus trees",
"word": "stubborn disease"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 2 39 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Kurdish terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 2 40 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1967, Walter Reuther, The Citrus Industry, Volume IV, page 129",
"text": "With evidence that the causal agent of stubborn is spread by insects, control or prevention of this disease will prove more difficult than formerly thought to be.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Vincenzo Vacante, Uri Gerson, Integrated Control of Citrus Pests in the Mediterranean Region",
"text": "Sectorial infection of stubborn could be stable for long periods, but may be manifested once the trees are severely pruned, this causing the system spread of S. citri to other non-infected parts.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for stubborn disease (“a disease of citrus trees”)."
],
"id": "en-stubborn-en-noun-4jF0wYy~",
"links": [
[
"stubborn disease",
"stubborn disease#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstʌbɚn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstʌbən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstʊbən/",
"tags": [
"England",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌbə(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stubborn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-stubborn.ogg/En-us-stubborn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-stubborn.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-stubborn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/En-uk-stubborn.ogg/En-uk-stubborn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/En-uk-stubborn.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"word": "stubborn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Central Kurdish terms with redundant script codes",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/ʌbə(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ʌbə(ɹ)n/2 syllables",
"en:Personality"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "stubborn as a mule"
},
{
"word": "stubbornly"
},
{
"word": "stubbornness"
},
{
"word": "stubborn up"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stiborne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stiborne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stibourne"
},
"expansion": "stibourne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stoburn"
},
"expansion": "stoburn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stoburne"
},
"expansion": "stoburne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "styburne"
},
"expansion": "styburne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stiborn"
},
"expansion": "stiborn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stybb",
"3": "",
"4": "a stump, stub"
},
"expansion": "stybb (“a stump, stub”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-or"
},
"expansion": "-or",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bitor"
},
"expansion": "Old English bitor",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "English bitter",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stiborne, stibourne, stoburn, stoburne, styburne, stiborn. Origin uncertain.\nOne theory is that the origin may come from *stybor, *stibor, from Old English stybb (“a stump, stub”) + adj. formative -or as in Old English bitor, English bitter.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stubborner",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "stubbornest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "stubborn (comparative stubborner, superlative stubbornest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"stub‧born"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He is pretty stubborn about his political beliefs, so why bother arguing?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Blood can make a very stubborn stain on fabrics if not washed properly.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Refusing to move or to change one's opinion; obstinate; firmly resisting; persistent in doing something."
],
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"opinion",
"opinion"
],
[
"obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"resist",
"resist"
],
[
"persistent",
"persistent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Of materials: physically stiff and inflexible; not easily melted or worked."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstʌbɚn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstʌbən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstʊbən/",
"tags": [
"England",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌbə(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stubborn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-stubborn.ogg/En-us-stubborn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-stubborn.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-stubborn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/En-uk-stubborn.ogg/En-uk-stubborn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/En-uk-stubborn.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "willful"
},
{
"word": "headstrong"
},
{
"word": "wayward"
},
{
"word": "obstinate"
},
{
"word": "obdurate"
},
{
"word": "contrary"
},
{
"word": "disobedient"
},
{
"word": "insubordinate"
},
{
"word": "undisciplined"
},
{
"word": "adamant"
},
{
"word": "unyielding"
},
{
"word": "rebellious"
},
{
"word": "perseverant"
},
{
"word": "persistent"
},
{
"word": "enduring"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕanīd",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "عَنِيد"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hamaṙ",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "համառ"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "ãkürgü̃z",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "আঁকোৰগোঁজ"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "gü̃ar",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "গোঁৱাৰ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "neciu"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "inad"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "inadkar"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "tərs"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "kaskagogor"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "upárty",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "упа́рты"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "pennek"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "inat",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "инат"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "tossut"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "cabut"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "caparrut"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "enterc"
},
{
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "kashtakulu"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "固執"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gu³ zap¹",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "固执"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "硬頸"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ngaang⁶ geng²",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "硬颈"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ngau⁴ pei⁴",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "牛皮"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "頑固"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wángù",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "顽固"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "固執"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gùzhí",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "固执"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "執拗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhíniù",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "执拗"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "eriş"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "tvrdohlavý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "neústupný"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "stædig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "hardnekkig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "koppig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "halsstarrig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "eigenwijs"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "obstina"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "kangekaelne"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "treiskur"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "stívrendur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "itsepäinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "têtu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "entêté"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "borné"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "teimudo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "testán"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "cornán"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "cazurro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "túzaro"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ǯiuṭi",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ჯიუტი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šeuṗovari",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "შეუპოვარი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "udreḳi",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "უდრეკი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳerṗi",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "კერპი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "stur"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "dickköpfig"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "peismatáris",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "πεισματάρης"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "authádēs",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "αὐθάδης"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "sklērotrákhēlos",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "σκληροτράχηλος"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "nuha"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "'aqshán",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "עַקְשָׁן"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "'iqésh",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "עִקֵּשׁ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "qshe 'óref",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "קְשֵׁה עֹרֶף"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "haṭhī",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "हठी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ziddī",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ज़िद्दी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "akkhaṛ",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "अक्खड़"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "makacs"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "konok"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"note": "of horses",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "pero"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "stalcach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ceanndána"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "stalcánta"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "stuacach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ostinato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "testardo"
},
{
"alt": "がんこな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ganko na",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "頑固な"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bırbetkei",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "бірбеткей"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gojibi seda",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "고집이 세다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gojisikhada",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "고지식하다"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "kele req",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "کەلە ڕەق"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "obstinātus"
},
{
"code": "ln",
"lang": "Lingala",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "mutu makasi"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "užsispyręs"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tvŕdoglav",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "твр́доглав"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "úporen",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "у́порен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "svóeglav",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "сво́еглав"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "kōioio"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "mōtohe"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "whakangutungutu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "kakī mārō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "taringa kōhatu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "upoko mārō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "whakatohe"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "kōioio"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "taringa mārō"
},
{
"code": "mer",
"lang": "Meru",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ndemi"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "r'calcitrant"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "vithouard"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "hieux"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "sta"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "hardnakket"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "vrangvillig"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "sta"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "hardnakka"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "vrangviljug"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ānwille"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "xəray",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "خری"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "źilay",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ځيلی"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kale šaq",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "کله شق"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "semej",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "سمج"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "serteq",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "سرتق"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "baulstierich"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "hoatnakich"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "uparty"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "teimoso"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "cabeça-dura"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "cabeçudo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "casmurro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "turrão"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "thalu"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "încăpățânat"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "căpățânos"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "îndărătnic"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"tags": [
"familiar"
],
"word": "căpos"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "upórnyj",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "упо́рный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uprjámyj",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "упря́мый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "upjórtyj",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "упёртый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nastójčivyj",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "насто́йчивый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neustúpčivyj",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "неусту́пчивый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žestokovyjnyj",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "жестоковыйный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "rag-mhuinealach"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "rag"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тврдоглав"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "tvrdoglav"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "tvrdohlavý"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "neoblomný"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "zarytý"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "zaťatý"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "tvrdošijný"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "úporný"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "trmast"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "trdoglav"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "testarudo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "obstinado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"tags": [
"familiar"
],
"word": "cabezota"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "terco"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "cabezadura"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "porfiado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "tozudo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "obcecado"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "envis"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "hårdnackad"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "malig-in"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "matigas ang ulo"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "maliwaliwa"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "moṇḍi",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "మొండి"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "inatçı"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vpértyj",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "впе́ртий"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "haṭhī",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ہٹھی"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "bướng bỉnh"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "ngoan cố"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "lì lợm"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "lì"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "tiestou"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "buké"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "macté"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "refusing to move or change one's opinion",
"word": "styfnig"
}
],
"word": "stubborn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Central Kurdish terms with redundant script codes",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/ʌbə(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ʌbə(ɹ)n/2 syllables",
"en:Personality"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stiborne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stiborne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stibourne"
},
"expansion": "stibourne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stoburn"
},
"expansion": "stoburn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stoburne"
},
"expansion": "stoburne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "styburne"
},
"expansion": "styburne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stiborn"
},
"expansion": "stiborn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stybb",
"3": "",
"4": "a stump, stub"
},
"expansion": "stybb (“a stump, stub”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-or"
},
"expansion": "-or",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bitor"
},
"expansion": "Old English bitor",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "English bitter",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stiborne, stibourne, stoburn, stoburne, styburne, stiborn. Origin uncertain.\nOne theory is that the origin may come from *stybor, *stibor, from Old English stybb (“a stump, stub”) + adj. formative -or as in Old English bitor, English bitter.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "stubborn (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"stub‧born"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Dana Stabenow, A Grave Denied, page 86",
"text": "But I have to say that one thing you inherited from your mother is a whole lot of stubborn.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Victoria Hamilton, Muffin But Murder",
"text": "That takes a lot of stubborn for a seventy-something man.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Ken Robert Baugh, Just Passing Time",
"text": "Stubborn is not eating pizza out of a square pan because you know it won't taste as good as a round one. Stubborn is spending twelve thousand dollars to fix a five-hundred-dollar truck just because it's “your baby.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Stubbornness."
],
"links": [
[
"Stubbornness",
"stubbornness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) Stubbornness."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a disease of citrus trees",
"word": "stubborn disease"
}
],
"categories": [
"English short forms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1967, Walter Reuther, The Citrus Industry, Volume IV, page 129",
"text": "With evidence that the causal agent of stubborn is spread by insects, control or prevention of this disease will prove more difficult than formerly thought to be.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Vincenzo Vacante, Uri Gerson, Integrated Control of Citrus Pests in the Mediterranean Region",
"text": "Sectorial infection of stubborn could be stable for long periods, but may be manifested once the trees are severely pruned, this causing the system spread of S. citri to other non-infected parts.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for stubborn disease (“a disease of citrus trees”)."
],
"links": [
[
"stubborn disease",
"stubborn disease#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstʌbɚn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstʌbən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstʊbən/",
"tags": [
"England",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌbə(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stubborn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-stubborn.ogg/En-us-stubborn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-stubborn.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-stubborn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/En-uk-stubborn.ogg/En-uk-stubborn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/En-uk-stubborn.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"word": "stubborn"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.