"고지식하다" meaning in Korean

See 고지식하다 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [ko̞d͡ʑiɕʰikʰa̠da̠] [SK-Standard, Seoul]
Etymology: In the hangul script, first attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 고디〮식다〮 (Yale: kwòtí-sìktá). The verb was originally a phrase involving the adverb 고디〮 (Yale: kwòtí) "in a straight way; righteously" and Old Korean 爲只 (*SIk-, “to act”), thus "to act righteously". Early Hangul texts preserve this positive meaning. However, by the late sixteenth century, the verb had eventually shifted to the adjectival "to be self-righteous; to be stubborn". Once the word had become an adjective and the Old Korean etymology had long been forgotten, it was misunderstood as a corruption of an adjective formed by the adjective-deriving suffix 하다 (hada), leading to the modern form via hypercorrection. This began to occur in the sixteenth century, and the original non-hada form had disappeared by the seventeenth century. Equivalent to modern 고지식 (gojisik) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives). Etymology templates: {{ko-etym-native|ws|고디〮식다〮|kwòtí-sìktá|hangul=y}} In the hangul script, first attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 고디〮식다〮 (Yale: kwòtí-sìktá)., {{okm-l|고디〮|kwòtí}} 고디〮 (Yale: kwòtí), {{inh|ko|oko|爲只|t=to act|tr=*SIk-}} Old Korean 爲只 (*SIk-, “to act”), {{af|ko|고지식|-하다|pos2=light verb deriving adjectives|t2=to do}} 고지식 (gojisik) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives) Head templates: {{ko-adjective}} 고지식하다 • (gojisikhada) (infinitive 고지식해 or 고지식하여, sequential 고지식하니) Forms: gojisikhada [romanization], 고지식해 [infinitive], 고지식하여 [infinitive], 고지식하니 [sequential], irregular [table-tags], 고지식하다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 고지식해 [indicative, informal, non-past], 고지식해요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 고지식합니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 고지식했다 [formal, indicative, past], 고지식했어 [indicative, informal, past], 고지식했어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 고지식했습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 고지식하냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 고지식해 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 고지식해요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 고지식합니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 고지식했냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 고지식했어 [informal, interrogative, past], 고지식했어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 고지식했습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 고지식하겠다 [assertive, formal], 고지식하겠어 [assertive, informal], 고지식하겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 고지식하겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 고지식해 [causative, formal], 고지식해서 [causative, informal], 고지식하여서 [causative, informal], 고지식하니 [causative, informal, polite], 고지식하니까 [causative, formal, polite], 고지식하지만 [contrastive, formal], 고지식한데 [contrastive, informal], 고지식하더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 고지식하고 [conjunctive, formal], 고지식하면 [conditional, formal], 고지식해야 [conditional, informal], 고지식하여야 [conditional, informal], 고지식함 [formal, noun-from-verb], 고지식하기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 고지식했음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 고지식하였음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 고지식했기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 고지식하였기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 고지식한 [determiner, informal, present], 고지식할 [determiner, future, informal], irregular [table-tags], 고지식하시다 [indicative, non-past], 고지식하셔 [indicative, informal, non-past], 고지식하세요 [indicative, non-past, polite], 고지식하셔요 [indicative, non-past, polite], 고지식하십니다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 고지식하셨다 [indicative, past], 고지식하셨어 [indicative, informal, past], 고지식하셨어요 [indicative, past, polite], 고지식하셨습니다 [formal, indicative, past], 고지식하시냐 [interrogative, non-past], 고지식하셔 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 고지식하세요 [interrogative, non-past, polite], 고지식하셔요 [interrogative, non-past, polite], 고지식하십니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 고지식하셨냐 [interrogative, past], 고지식하셨어 [informal, interrogative, past], 고지식하셨어요 [interrogative, past, polite], 고지식하셨습니까 [formal, interrogative, past], 고지식하시겠다 [assertive], 고지식하시겠어 [assertive, informal], 고지식하시겠어요 [assertive, polite], 고지식하시겠습니다 [assertive, formal], 고지식하셔 [causative], 고지식하셔서 [causative, informal], 고지식하시니 [causative, polite], 고지식하시니까 [causative, formal], 고지식하시지만 [contrastive], 고지식하신데 [contrastive, informal], 고지식하시더니 [contrastive, polite], 고지식하시고 [conjunctive], 고지식하시면 [conditional], 고지식하셔야 [conditional, informal], 고지식하심 [noun-from-verb], 고지식하시기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 고지식하셨음 [noun-from-verb, past], 고지식하셨기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 고지식하신 [determiner, informal, present], 고지식하실 [determiner, future, informal]
  1. to be self-righteous; to be stubborn; to be inflexible Related terms: 고집(固執) (gojip) (english: stubbornness)
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ws",
        "2": "고디〮식다〮",
        "3": "kwòtí-sìktá",
        "hangul": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "In the hangul script, first attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 고디〮식다〮 (Yale: kwòtí-sìktá).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "고디〮",
        "2": "kwòtí"
      },
      "expansion": "고디〮 (Yale: kwòtí)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "oko",
        "3": "爲只",
        "t": "to act",
        "tr": "*SIk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Korean 爲只 (*SIk-, “to act”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "고지식",
        "3": "-하다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving adjectives",
        "t2": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "고지식 (gojisik) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "In the hangul script, first attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 고디〮식다〮 (Yale: kwòtí-sìktá).\nThe verb was originally a phrase involving the adverb 고디〮 (Yale: kwòtí) \"in a straight way; righteously\" and Old Korean 爲只 (*SIk-, “to act”), thus \"to act righteously\". Early Hangul texts preserve this positive meaning. However, by the late sixteenth century, the verb had eventually shifted to the adjectival \"to be self-righteous; to be stubborn\".\nOnce the word had become an adjective and the Old Korean etymology had long been forgotten, it was misunderstood as a corruption of an adjective formed by the adjective-deriving suffix 하다 (hada), leading to the modern form via hypercorrection. This began to occur in the sixteenth century, and the original non-hada form had disappeared by the seventeenth century.\nEquivalent to modern 고지식 (gojisik) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gojisikhada",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하여",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/adj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하다",
      "roman": "gojisikhada",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해",
      "roman": "gojisikhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해요",
      "roman": "gojisikhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식합니다",
      "roman": "gojisikhamnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했다",
      "roman": "gojisikhaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했어",
      "roman": "gojisikhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했어요",
      "roman": "gojisikhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했습니다",
      "roman": "gojisikhaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하냐",
      "roman": "gojisikhanya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해",
      "roman": "gojisikhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해요",
      "roman": "gojisikhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식합니까",
      "roman": "gojisikhamnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했냐",
      "roman": "gojisikhaennya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했어",
      "roman": "gojisikhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했어요",
      "roman": "gojisikhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했습니까",
      "roman": "gojisikhaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하겠다",
      "roman": "gojisikhagetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하겠어",
      "roman": "gojisikhagesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하겠어요",
      "roman": "gojisikhagesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하겠습니다",
      "roman": "gojisikhagetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해",
      "roman": "gojisikhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해서",
      "roman": "gojisikhaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하여서",
      "roman": "gojisikhayeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하니",
      "roman": "gojisikhani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하니까",
      "roman": "gojisikhanikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하지만",
      "roman": "gojisikhajiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식한데",
      "roman": "gojisikhande",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하더니",
      "roman": "gojisikhadeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하고",
      "roman": "gojisikhago",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하면",
      "roman": "gojisikhamyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해야",
      "roman": "gojisikhaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하여야",
      "roman": "gojisikhayeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식함",
      "roman": "gojisikham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하기",
      "roman": "gojisikhagi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했음",
      "roman": "gojisikhaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하였음",
      "roman": "gojisikhayeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했기",
      "roman": "gojisikhaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하였기",
      "roman": "gojisikhayeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식한",
      "roman": "gojisikhan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "informal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식할",
      "roman": "gojisikhal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "future",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/adj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시다",
      "roman": "gojisikhasida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셔",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하세요",
      "roman": "gojisikhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셔요",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하십니다",
      "roman": "gojisikhasimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨다",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨어",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨어요",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨습니다",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시냐",
      "roman": "gojisikhasinya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셔",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하세요",
      "roman": "gojisikhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셔요",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하십니까",
      "roman": "gojisikhasimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨냐",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeonnya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨어",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨어요",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨습니까",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시겠다",
      "roman": "gojisikhasigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시겠어",
      "roman": "gojisikhasigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시겠어요",
      "roman": "gojisikhasigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시겠습니다",
      "roman": "gojisikhasigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셔",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셔서",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시니",
      "roman": "gojisikhasini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시니까",
      "roman": "gojisikhasinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시지만",
      "roman": "gojisikhasijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하신데",
      "roman": "gojisikhasinde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시더니",
      "roman": "gojisikhasideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시고",
      "roman": "gojisikhasigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시면",
      "roman": "gojisikhasimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셔야",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하심",
      "roman": "gojisikhasim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시기",
      "roman": "gojisikhasigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨음",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨기",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하신",
      "roman": "gojisikhasin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "informal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하실",
      "roman": "gojisikhasil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "future",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "고지식하다 • (gojisikhada) (infinitive 고지식해 or 고지식하여, sequential 고지식하니)",
      "name": "ko-adjective"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms suffixed with -하다",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Native Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Our professor is really inflexible, so he doesn't even let us use computers.",
          "roman": "Uri gyosu-nim-eun jinjja gojisik-haeseo keompyuteo-do mot sseuge hae.",
          "text": "우리 교수님은 진짜 고지식해서 컴퓨터도 못 쓰게 해.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be self-righteous; to be stubborn; to be inflexible"
      ],
      "id": "en-고지식하다-ko-adj-bbS6Lvzh",
      "links": [
        [
          "self-righteous",
          "self-righteous"
        ],
        [
          "stubborn",
          "stubborn"
        ],
        [
          "inflexible",
          "inflexible"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "stubbornness",
          "roman": "gojip",
          "word": "고집(固執)"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞d͡ʑiɕʰikʰa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고지시카다"
    },
    {
      "other": "[고지시카다]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "고지식하다"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ws",
        "2": "고디〮식다〮",
        "3": "kwòtí-sìktá",
        "hangul": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "In the hangul script, first attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 고디〮식다〮 (Yale: kwòtí-sìktá).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "고디〮",
        "2": "kwòtí"
      },
      "expansion": "고디〮 (Yale: kwòtí)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "oko",
        "3": "爲只",
        "t": "to act",
        "tr": "*SIk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Korean 爲只 (*SIk-, “to act”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "고지식",
        "3": "-하다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving adjectives",
        "t2": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "고지식 (gojisik) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "In the hangul script, first attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 고디〮식다〮 (Yale: kwòtí-sìktá).\nThe verb was originally a phrase involving the adverb 고디〮 (Yale: kwòtí) \"in a straight way; righteously\" and Old Korean 爲只 (*SIk-, “to act”), thus \"to act righteously\". Early Hangul texts preserve this positive meaning. However, by the late sixteenth century, the verb had eventually shifted to the adjectival \"to be self-righteous; to be stubborn\".\nOnce the word had become an adjective and the Old Korean etymology had long been forgotten, it was misunderstood as a corruption of an adjective formed by the adjective-deriving suffix 하다 (hada), leading to the modern form via hypercorrection. This began to occur in the sixteenth century, and the original non-hada form had disappeared by the seventeenth century.\nEquivalent to modern 고지식 (gojisik) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gojisikhada",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하여",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/adj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하다",
      "roman": "gojisikhada",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해",
      "roman": "gojisikhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해요",
      "roman": "gojisikhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식합니다",
      "roman": "gojisikhamnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했다",
      "roman": "gojisikhaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했어",
      "roman": "gojisikhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했어요",
      "roman": "gojisikhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했습니다",
      "roman": "gojisikhaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하냐",
      "roman": "gojisikhanya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해",
      "roman": "gojisikhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해요",
      "roman": "gojisikhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식합니까",
      "roman": "gojisikhamnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했냐",
      "roman": "gojisikhaennya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했어",
      "roman": "gojisikhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했어요",
      "roman": "gojisikhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했습니까",
      "roman": "gojisikhaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하겠다",
      "roman": "gojisikhagetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하겠어",
      "roman": "gojisikhagesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하겠어요",
      "roman": "gojisikhagesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하겠습니다",
      "roman": "gojisikhagetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해",
      "roman": "gojisikhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해서",
      "roman": "gojisikhaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하여서",
      "roman": "gojisikhayeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하니",
      "roman": "gojisikhani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하니까",
      "roman": "gojisikhanikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하지만",
      "roman": "gojisikhajiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식한데",
      "roman": "gojisikhande",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하더니",
      "roman": "gojisikhadeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하고",
      "roman": "gojisikhago",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하면",
      "roman": "gojisikhamyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식해야",
      "roman": "gojisikhaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하여야",
      "roman": "gojisikhayeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식함",
      "roman": "gojisikham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하기",
      "roman": "gojisikhagi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했음",
      "roman": "gojisikhaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하였음",
      "roman": "gojisikhayeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식했기",
      "roman": "gojisikhaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하였기",
      "roman": "gojisikhayeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식한",
      "roman": "gojisikhan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "informal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식할",
      "roman": "gojisikhal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "future",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/adj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시다",
      "roman": "gojisikhasida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셔",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하세요",
      "roman": "gojisikhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셔요",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하십니다",
      "roman": "gojisikhasimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨다",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨어",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨어요",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨습니다",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시냐",
      "roman": "gojisikhasinya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셔",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하세요",
      "roman": "gojisikhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셔요",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하십니까",
      "roman": "gojisikhasimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨냐",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeonnya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨어",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨어요",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨습니까",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시겠다",
      "roman": "gojisikhasigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시겠어",
      "roman": "gojisikhasigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시겠어요",
      "roman": "gojisikhasigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시겠습니다",
      "roman": "gojisikhasigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셔",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셔서",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시니",
      "roman": "gojisikhasini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시니까",
      "roman": "gojisikhasinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시지만",
      "roman": "gojisikhasijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하신데",
      "roman": "gojisikhasinde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시더니",
      "roman": "gojisikhasideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시고",
      "roman": "gojisikhasigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시면",
      "roman": "gojisikhasimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셔야",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하심",
      "roman": "gojisikhasim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하시기",
      "roman": "gojisikhasigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨음",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하셨기",
      "roman": "gojisikhasyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하신",
      "roman": "gojisikhasin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "informal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고지식하실",
      "roman": "gojisikhasil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "future",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "고지식하다 • (gojisikhada) (infinitive 고지식해 or 고지식하여, sequential 고지식하니)",
      "name": "ko-adjective"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "stubbornness",
      "roman": "gojip",
      "word": "고집(固執)"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean adjectives",
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean ha-irregular adjectives",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
        "Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
        "Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
        "Korean terms inherited from Old Korean",
        "Korean terms suffixed with -하다",
        "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Korean terms with usage examples",
        "Native Korean words",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Our professor is really inflexible, so he doesn't even let us use computers.",
          "roman": "Uri gyosu-nim-eun jinjja gojisik-haeseo keompyuteo-do mot sseuge hae.",
          "text": "우리 교수님은 진짜 고지식해서 컴퓨터도 못 쓰게 해.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be self-righteous; to be stubborn; to be inflexible"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "self-righteous",
          "self-righteous"
        ],
        [
          "stubborn",
          "stubborn"
        ],
        [
          "inflexible",
          "inflexible"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞d͡ʑiɕʰikʰa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고지시카다"
    },
    {
      "other": "[고지시카다]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "고지식하다"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 고지식하다 meaning in Korean (13.5kB)

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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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}

{
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}

{
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  "title": "고지식하다",
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}

{
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  "title": "고지식하다",
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}

{
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    "고지식하다"
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  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "고지식하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
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    "고지식하다"
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  "section": "Korean",
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  "title": "고지식하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
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  "section": "Korean",
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  "title": "고지식하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
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  "section": "Korean",
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  "title": "고지식하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
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    "고지식하다"
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  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "고지식하다",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Korean dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.