"sombre" meaning in All languages combined

See sombre on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /ˈsɒmbə/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈsɑmbɚ/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-somber.ogg [US], En-us-sombre.ogg [US] Forms: sombrer [comparative], sombrest [superlative]
Rhymes: -ɒmbə(ɹ) Etymology: Borrowed from French sombre (“dark”), from Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer or Latin sub- + umbra. Compare Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|sombre||dark}} French sombre (“dark”), {{der|en|fro|sombre}} Old French sombre, {{m|fro||*sombrer}} *sombrer, {{der|en|la|-}} Latin, {{af|la|sub-|umbra|nocat=1}} sub- + umbra, {{cog|es|sombra||shade; dark part of a picture; ghost}} Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”) Head templates: {{en-adj|er}} sombre (comparative sombrer, superlative sombrest)
  1. Dark; gloomy; shadowy, dimly lit. Tags: Canada, UK Translations (dark; gloomy, dimly lit): мрачен (mračen) (Bulgarian), ombrívol (Catalan), stinný (Czech), synkkä (Finnish), sombre (French), sombrío (Galician), dunkel (German), düster (German), finster (German), trübe (German), pōuriuri (Maori), whakapoururu (Maori), sombre [Jersey, feminine, masculine] (Norman), تاریک، محزون (Persian), dunkel (Plautdietsch), escuro [masculine] (Portuguese), sombrio [masculine] (Portuguese), lúgubre [masculine] (Portuguese), soturno [masculine] (Portuguese), мра́чный (mráčnyj) (Russian), па́смурный (pásmurnyj) (Russian), хму́рый (xmúryj) (Russian), sombrío (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-sombre-en-adj-DVjlpFwV Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 19 32 2 27 18 2 Disambiguation of 'dark; gloomy, dimly lit': 56 8 31 5
  2. Dull or dark in colour or brightness. Tags: Canada, UK Translations (dull or dark in colour): մռայլ (mṙayl) (Armenian), тъмен (tǎmen) (Bulgarian), tmavý (Czech), temný (Czech), synkkä (Finnish), pimeä (Finnish), sombre (French), matt (German), stumpf (German), dunkel (German), finster (German), trüb (German), trübe (German), קוֹדֵר (qodér) [masculine] (Hebrew), sötét (Hungarian), komor (Hungarian), pōuriuri (Maori), dunkel (Plautdietsch), escuro [masculine] (Portuguese), sombrio (Portuguese), мра́чный (mráčnyj) (Russian), тёмный (tjómnyj) (Russian), sombrío (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-sombre-en-adj-qf5c4ASu Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 19 32 2 27 18 2 Disambiguation of 'dull or dark in colour': 16 72 2 11
  3. Melancholic, gloomy, dreary, dismal; grim. Tags: Canada, UK Translations (melancholy; dismal): унил (unil) (Bulgarian), 陰沉 (Chinese Mandarin), 阴沉 (yīnchén) (Chinese Mandarin), 陰鬱 (Chinese Mandarin), 阴郁 (yīnyù) (Chinese Mandarin), chmurný (Czech), zasmušilý (Czech), somber (Dutch), synkkä (Finnish), ankea (Finnish), sombre (French), sombrío (Galician), verhalten (German), trübe (German), freudlos (German), traurig (German), düster (German), finster (German), schwermütig (German), נוּגֶה (nugé) [masculine] (Hebrew), komor (Hungarian), mogorva (Hungarian), 薄暗い (usugurai) (alt: うすぐらい) (Japanese), 重苦しい (omokurushii) (alt: おもくるしい) (Japanese), ponury (Polish), posępny (Polish), sombrio (Portuguese), мра́чный (mráčnyj) (Russian), па́смурный (pásmurnyj) (Russian), хму́рый (xmúryj) (Russian), угрю́мый (ugrjúmyj) (Russian), уны́лый (unýlyj) (Russian), gruamach (Scottish Gaelic), sombrío (Spanish), dyster (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-sombre-en-adj-Q0yFhg7s Disambiguation of 'melancholy; dismal': 18 1 76 6
  4. Grave; extremely serious. Tags: Canada, UK Translations (grave): сериозен (seriozen) (Bulgarian), vážný (Czech), vakava (Finnish), sombre (French), ernst (German), schwerwiegend (German), komoly (Hungarian), непростой (neprostoj) (Russian), трудный (trudnyj) (Russian), grave (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-sombre-en-adj-gQFOhCMr Categories (other): English terms with collocations, English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 19 32 2 27 18 2 Disambiguation of 'grave': 0 0 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: somber [US] Derived forms: sombre tit, somber tit, sombrish, sombrely, sombresome

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈsɒmbə/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈsɑmbɚ/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-somber.ogg [US], En-us-sombre.ogg [US]
Rhymes: -ɒmbə(ɹ) Etymology: Borrowed from French sombre (“dark”), from Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer or Latin sub- + umbra. Compare Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|sombre||dark}} French sombre (“dark”), {{der|en|fro|sombre}} Old French sombre, {{m|fro||*sombrer}} *sombrer, {{der|en|la|-}} Latin, {{af|la|sub-|umbra|nocat=1}} sub- + umbra, {{cog|es|sombra||shade; dark part of a picture; ghost}} Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”) Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} sombre (uncountable)
  1. (obsolete) Gloom; obscurity; duskiness. Tags: obsolete, uncountable
    Sense id: en-sombre-en-noun-CK1cPOJC Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 19 32 2 27 18 2

Verb [English]

IPA: /ˈsɒmbə/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈsɑmbɚ/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-somber.ogg [US], En-us-sombre.ogg [US] Forms: sombres [present, singular, third-person], sombring [participle, present], sombred [participle, past], sombred [past]
Rhymes: -ɒmbə(ɹ) Etymology: Borrowed from French sombre (“dark”), from Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer or Latin sub- + umbra. Compare Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|sombre||dark}} French sombre (“dark”), {{der|en|fro|sombre}} Old French sombre, {{m|fro||*sombrer}} *sombrer, {{der|en|la|-}} Latin, {{af|la|sub-|umbra|nocat=1}} sub- + umbra, {{cog|es|sombra||shade; dark part of a picture; ghost}} Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} sombre (third-person singular simple present sombres, present participle sombring, simple past and past participle sombred)
  1. To make sombre or dark; to make shady.
    Sense id: en-sombre-en-verb-9hT9LU99

Adjective [French]

IPA: /sɔ̃bʁ/ Audio: Fr-sombre.ogg Forms: sombres [plural]
Etymology: Inherited from Old French sombre, likely from Latin sub umbra (“in/under the shade”); compare Spanish and Portuguese sombra (“shade, shadow”). Possibly derived through a verb *sombrer, from a Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre (“to shade, enshadow”), though this does not seem necessary. Compare also Old French essombre, with a different prefix. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|fro|sombre|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old French sombre, {{inh+|fr|fro|sombre}} Inherited from Old French sombre, {{inh|fr|la|sub umbra|t=in/under the shade}} Latin sub umbra (“in/under the shade”), {{cog|es|-}} Spanish, {{cog|pt|sombra||shade, shadow}} Portuguese sombra (“shade, shadow”), {{m|fro||*sombrer}} *sombrer, {{inh|fr|VL.|*subumbrāre|t=to shade, enshadow}} Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre (“to shade, enshadow”), {{m+|fro|essombre}} Old French essombre Head templates: {{fr-adj}} sombre (plural sombres)
  1. dark Synonyms: foncé, obscur
    Sense id: en-sombre-fr-adj-5rtWib7s
  2. (derogatory) right, damn, bloody Tags: derogatory
    Sense id: en-sombre-fr-adj-PAin-jbl
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: coupe sombre, matière sombre Related terms: ombre

Verb [French]

IPA: /sɔ̃bʁ/ Audio: Fr-sombre.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Old French sombre, likely from Latin sub umbra (“in/under the shade”); compare Spanish and Portuguese sombra (“shade, shadow”). Possibly derived through a verb *sombrer, from a Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre (“to shade, enshadow”), though this does not seem necessary. Compare also Old French essombre, with a different prefix. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|fro|sombre|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old French sombre, {{inh+|fr|fro|sombre}} Inherited from Old French sombre, {{inh|fr|la|sub umbra|t=in/under the shade}} Latin sub umbra (“in/under the shade”), {{cog|es|-}} Spanish, {{cog|pt|sombra||shade, shadow}} Portuguese sombra (“shade, shadow”), {{m|fro||*sombrer}} *sombrer, {{inh|fr|VL.|*subumbrāre|t=to shade, enshadow}} Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre (“to shade, enshadow”), {{m+|fro|essombre}} Old French essombre Head templates: {{head|fr|verb form}} sombre
  1. inflection of sombrer:
    first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive     Tags: first-person, form-of, indicative, present, singular, subjunctive, third-person
    Sense id: en-sombre-fr-verb-21LN6F68 Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 1 1 66 33
  2. inflection of sombrer:
    second-person singular imperative     Tags: form-of, imperative, second-person, singular
    Sense id: en-sombre-fr-verb-kylWwd8D

Adjective [Norman]

Etymology: From Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer (from a Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre), or from Latin sub (“under”) + umbra (“shadow”). Etymology templates: {{inh|nrf|fro|sombre}} Old French sombre, {{m|fro||*sombrer}} *sombrer, {{inh|fr|VL.|*subumbrāre}} Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre, {{inh|nrf|la|sub||under}} Latin sub (“under”), {{m|la|umbra||shadow}} umbra (“shadow”) Head templates: {{head|nrf|adjective||||sombres||||sombree||||sombres||sombrees||{{{f2}}}s|f2accel-form=p|f3accel-form=m|s|f4accel-form=f|s|f6accel-form=m|p|f7accel-form=f|p|g=m|g2=f|head=|sort=}} sombre m or f, {{nrf-adj|mf}} sombre m or f
  1. (Jersey) sombre, dark Tags: Jersey, feminine, masculine
    Sense id: en-sombre-nrm-adj-MwbiaM5s Categories (other): Jersey Norman, Norman entries with incorrect language header

Verb [Spanish]

Head templates: {{head|es|verb form}} sombre
  1. inflection of sombrar: Tags: first-person, form-of, present, singular, subjunctive, third-person Form of: sombrar
    Sense id: en-sombre-es-verb-I21~TEtL Categories (other): Spanish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Spanish entries with incorrect language header: 65 35
  2. inflection of sombrar: Tags: form-of, imperative, singular, third-person Form of: sombrar
    Sense id: en-sombre-es-verb-Q5tx3fV7

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for sombre meaning in All languages combined (28.3kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sombre tit"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "somber tit"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sombrish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sombrely"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sombresome"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "sombre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dark"
      },
      "expansion": "French sombre (“dark”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sombre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sombrer"
      },
      "expansion": "*sombrer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "sub-",
        "3": "umbra",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "sub- + umbra",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "sombra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shade; dark part of a picture; ghost"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sombre (“dark”), from Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer or Latin sub- + umbra. Compare Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sombrer",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sombrest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "sombre (comparative sombrer, superlative sombrest)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "som‧bre"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 32 2 27 18 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2015, Hermann Kauders, Before The Cock Crows, page 9",
          "text": "The lady led him into a sombre hallway and disappeared. A moment later the windowless chamber was illuminated by the entry of a heavenly creature emitting a radiance prone to pierce the heart of any youth exposed to it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Dark; gloomy; shadowy, dimly lit."
      ],
      "id": "en-sombre-en-adj-DVjlpFwV",
      "links": [
        [
          "Dark",
          "dark"
        ],
        [
          "gloomy",
          "gloomy"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "UK"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "mračen",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "мрачен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "ombrívol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "stinný"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "synkkä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "sombre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "sombrío"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "dunkel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "düster"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "finster"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "trübe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "pōuriuri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "whakapoururu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "tags": [
            "Jersey",
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sombre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "تاریک، محزون"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "pdt",
          "lang": "Plautdietsch",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "dunkel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "escuro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sombrio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "lúgubre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "soturno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "mráčnyj",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "мра́чный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pásmurnyj",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "па́смурный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "xmúryj",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "хму́рый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 8 31 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
          "word": "sombrío"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 32 2 27 18 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1877, The Black Band; or, The Mysteries of Midnight, page 47",
          "text": "His tall and slender figure, dressed in sombre black, his hair of that peculiar reddish auburn so rarely seen, his flashing black eyes, in which a fitful fire seemed for ever burning; all combined to give something almost of a demoniac air ...",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Dull or dark in colour or brightness."
      ],
      "id": "en-sombre-en-adj-qf5c4ASu",
      "links": [
        [
          "Dull",
          "dull"
        ],
        [
          "colour",
          "colour"
        ],
        [
          "brightness",
          "brightness"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "UK"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "mṙayl",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "մռայլ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "tǎmen",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "тъмен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "tmavý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "temný"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "synkkä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "pimeä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "sombre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "matt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "stumpf"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "dunkel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "finster"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "trüb"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "trübe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "qodér",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "קוֹדֵר"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "sötét"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "komor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "pōuriuri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "pdt",
          "lang": "Plautdietsch",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "dunkel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "escuro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "sombrio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "mráčnyj",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "мра́чный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "tjómnyj",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "тёмный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 72 2 11",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
          "word": "sombrío"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2012, Peter Turnbull, Aftermath, Severn House Publishers Ltd",
          "text": "A sombre mood, very sombre in fact, thought Hennessey, as he stood against the wall observing the procedure for the police. He had not known a mood more sombre to have previously descended on the room.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Melancholic, gloomy, dreary, dismal; grim."
      ],
      "id": "en-sombre-en-adj-Q0yFhg7s",
      "links": [
        [
          "Melancholic",
          "melancholic"
        ],
        [
          "gloomy",
          "gloomy"
        ],
        [
          "dreary",
          "dreary"
        ],
        [
          "dismal",
          "dismal"
        ],
        [
          "grim",
          "grim"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "UK"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "unil",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "унил"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "陰沉"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "yīnchén",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "阴沉"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "陰鬱"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "yīnyù",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "阴郁"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "chmurný"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "zasmušilý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "somber"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "synkkä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "ankea"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "sombre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "sombrío"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "verhalten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "trübe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "freudlos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "traurig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "düster"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "finster"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "schwermütig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "nugé",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "נוּגֶה"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "komor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "mogorva"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "alt": "うすぐらい",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "usugurai",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "薄暗い"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "alt": "おもくるしい",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "omokurushii",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "重苦しい"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "ponury"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "posępny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "sombrio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "mráčnyj",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "мра́чный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pásmurnyj",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "па́смурный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "xmúryj",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "хму́рый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ugrjúmyj",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "угрю́мый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "unýlyj",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "уны́лый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "gruamach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "sombrío"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "18 1 76 6",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
          "word": "dyster"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 32 2 27 18 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a sombre situation",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Grave; extremely serious."
      ],
      "id": "en-sombre-en-adj-gQFOhCMr",
      "links": [
        [
          "Grave",
          "grave"
        ],
        [
          "serious",
          "serious"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "UK"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "seriozen",
          "sense": "grave",
          "word": "сериозен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "grave",
          "word": "vážný"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "grave",
          "word": "vakava"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "grave",
          "word": "sombre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "grave",
          "word": "ernst"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "grave",
          "word": "schwerwiegend"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "grave",
          "word": "komoly"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "neprostoj",
          "sense": "grave",
          "word": "непростой"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "trudnyj",
          "sense": "grave",
          "word": "трудный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "grave",
          "word": "grave"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɒmbə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɑmbɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒmbə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-somber.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg/En-us-somber.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-sombre.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg/En-us-sombre.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "word": "somber"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sombre"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "sombre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dark"
      },
      "expansion": "French sombre (“dark”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sombre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sombrer"
      },
      "expansion": "*sombrer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "sub-",
        "3": "umbra",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "sub- + umbra",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "sombra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shade; dark part of a picture; ghost"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sombre (“dark”), from Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer or Latin sub- + umbra. Compare Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "sombre (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "som‧bre"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 32 2 27 18 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Gloom; obscurity; duskiness."
      ],
      "id": "en-sombre-en-noun-CK1cPOJC",
      "links": [
        [
          "Gloom",
          "gloom"
        ],
        [
          "obscurity",
          "obscurity"
        ],
        [
          "duskiness",
          "duskiness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Gloom; obscurity; duskiness."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɒmbə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɑmbɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒmbə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-somber.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg/En-us-somber.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-sombre.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg/En-us-sombre.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sombre"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "sombre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dark"
      },
      "expansion": "French sombre (“dark”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sombre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sombrer"
      },
      "expansion": "*sombrer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "sub-",
        "3": "umbra",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "sub- + umbra",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "sombra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shade; dark part of a picture; ghost"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sombre (“dark”), from Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer or Latin sub- + umbra. Compare Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sombres",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sombring",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sombred",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sombred",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sombre (third-person singular simple present sombres, present participle sombring, simple past and past participle sombred)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "som‧bre"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To make sombre or dark; to make shady."
      ],
      "id": "en-sombre-en-verb-9hT9LU99"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɒmbə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɑmbɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒmbə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-somber.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg/En-us-somber.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-sombre.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg/En-us-sombre.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sombre"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "coupe sombre"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "matière sombre"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "sombre",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: sombre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: sombre"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sombre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French sombre",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "sub umbra",
        "t": "in/under the shade"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sub umbra (“in/under the shade”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "sombra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shade, shadow"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese sombra (“shade, shadow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sombrer"
      },
      "expansion": "*sombrer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*subumbrāre",
        "t": "to shade, enshadow"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre (“to shade, enshadow”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "essombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French essombre",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French sombre, likely from Latin sub umbra (“in/under the shade”); compare Spanish and Portuguese sombra (“shade, shadow”). Possibly derived through a verb *sombrer, from a Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre (“to shade, enshadow”), though this does not seem necessary. Compare also Old French essombre, with a different prefix.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sombres",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sombre (plural sombres)",
      "name": "fr-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ombre"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "clair"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dark"
      ],
      "id": "en-sombre-fr-adj-5rtWib7s",
      "links": [
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "foncé"
        },
        {
          "word": "obscur"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a prize idiot, a complete idiot, an unspeakable imbecile",
          "text": "un sombre crétin",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "right, damn, bloody"
      ],
      "id": "en-sombre-fr-adj-PAin-jbl",
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "right",
          "right"
        ],
        [
          "damn",
          "damn"
        ],
        [
          "bloody",
          "bloody"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(derogatory) right, damn, bloody"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃bʁ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-sombre.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/Fr-sombre.ogg/Fr-sombre.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Fr-sombre.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sombre"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sombre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French sombre",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "sub umbra",
        "t": "in/under the shade"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sub umbra (“in/under the shade”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "sombra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shade, shadow"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese sombra (“shade, shadow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sombrer"
      },
      "expansion": "*sombrer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*subumbrāre",
        "t": "to shade, enshadow"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre (“to shade, enshadow”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "essombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French essombre",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French sombre, likely from Latin sub umbra (“in/under the shade”); compare Spanish and Portuguese sombra (“shade, shadow”). Possibly derived through a verb *sombrer, from a Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre (“to shade, enshadow”), though this does not seem necessary. Compare also Old French essombre, with a different prefix.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "sombre",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 66 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of sombrer:",
        "first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
      ],
      "id": "en-sombre-fr-verb-21LN6F68",
      "links": [
        [
          "sombrer",
          "sombrer#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of sombrer:",
        "second-person singular imperative"
      ],
      "id": "en-sombre-fr-verb-kylWwd8D",
      "links": [
        [
          "sombrer",
          "sombrer#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃bʁ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-sombre.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/Fr-sombre.ogg/Fr-sombre.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Fr-sombre.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sombre"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sombre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sombrer"
      },
      "expansion": "*sombrer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*subumbrāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "sub",
        "4": "",
        "5": "under"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sub (“under”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "umbra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shadow"
      },
      "expansion": "umbra (“shadow”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer (from a Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre), or from Latin sub (“under”) + umbra (“shadow”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "10": "sombree",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "sombres",
        "15": "",
        "16": "sombrees",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{f2}}}s",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "sombres",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "f2accel-form": "p",
        "f3accel-form": "m|s",
        "f4accel-form": "f|s",
        "f6accel-form": "m|p",
        "f7accel-form": "f|p",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "f",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sombre m or f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mf"
      },
      "expansion": "sombre m or f",
      "name": "nrf-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norman",
  "lang_code": "nrm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Jersey Norman",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sombre, dark"
      ],
      "id": "en-sombre-nrm-adj-MwbiaM5s",
      "links": [
        [
          "sombre",
          "sombre#English"
        ],
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Jersey) sombre, dark"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jersey",
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sombre"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "sombre",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "65 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "sombrar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of sombrar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
        "first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
      ],
      "id": "en-sombre-es-verb-I21~TEtL",
      "links": [
        [
          "sombrar",
          "sombrar#Spanish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of sombrar:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "sombrar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of sombrar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
        "third-person singular imperative"
      ],
      "id": "en-sombre-es-verb-Q5tx3fV7",
      "links": [
        [
          "sombrar",
          "sombrar#Spanish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of sombrar:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sombre"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "British English forms",
    "Canadian English forms",
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒmbə(ɹ)"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "sombre tit"
    },
    {
      "word": "somber tit"
    },
    {
      "word": "sombrish"
    },
    {
      "word": "sombrely"
    },
    {
      "word": "sombresome"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "sombre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dark"
      },
      "expansion": "French sombre (“dark”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sombre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sombrer"
      },
      "expansion": "*sombrer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "sub-",
        "3": "umbra",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "sub- + umbra",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "sombra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shade; dark part of a picture; ghost"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sombre (“dark”), from Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer or Latin sub- + umbra. Compare Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sombrer",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sombrest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "sombre (comparative sombrer, superlative sombrest)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "som‧bre"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2015, Hermann Kauders, Before The Cock Crows, page 9",
          "text": "The lady led him into a sombre hallway and disappeared. A moment later the windowless chamber was illuminated by the entry of a heavenly creature emitting a radiance prone to pierce the heart of any youth exposed to it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Dark; gloomy; shadowy, dimly lit."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Dark",
          "dark"
        ],
        [
          "gloomy",
          "gloomy"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1877, The Black Band; or, The Mysteries of Midnight, page 47",
          "text": "His tall and slender figure, dressed in sombre black, his hair of that peculiar reddish auburn so rarely seen, his flashing black eyes, in which a fitful fire seemed for ever burning; all combined to give something almost of a demoniac air ...",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Dull or dark in colour or brightness."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Dull",
          "dull"
        ],
        [
          "colour",
          "colour"
        ],
        [
          "brightness",
          "brightness"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2012, Peter Turnbull, Aftermath, Severn House Publishers Ltd",
          "text": "A sombre mood, very sombre in fact, thought Hennessey, as he stood against the wall observing the procedure for the police. He had not known a mood more sombre to have previously descended on the room.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Melancholic, gloomy, dreary, dismal; grim."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Melancholic",
          "melancholic"
        ],
        [
          "gloomy",
          "gloomy"
        ],
        [
          "dreary",
          "dreary"
        ],
        [
          "dismal",
          "dismal"
        ],
        [
          "grim",
          "grim"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a sombre situation",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Grave; extremely serious."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Grave",
          "grave"
        ],
        [
          "serious",
          "serious"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "UK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɒmbə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɑmbɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒmbə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-somber.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg/En-us-somber.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-sombre.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg/En-us-sombre.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "word": "somber"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "mračen",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "мрачен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "ombrívol"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "stinný"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "synkkä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "sombre"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "sombrío"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "dunkel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "düster"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "finster"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "trübe"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "pōuriuri"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "whakapoururu"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "tags": [
        "Jersey",
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sombre"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "تاریک، محزون"
    },
    {
      "code": "pdt",
      "lang": "Plautdietsch",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "dunkel"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "escuro"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sombrio"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lúgubre"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "soturno"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "mráčnyj",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "мра́чный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pásmurnyj",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "па́смурный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "xmúryj",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "хму́рый"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
      "word": "sombrío"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "mṙayl",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "մռայլ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "tǎmen",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "тъмен"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "tmavý"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "temný"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "synkkä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "pimeä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "sombre"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "matt"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "stumpf"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "dunkel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "finster"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "dunkel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "trüb"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "trübe"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "qodér",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "קוֹדֵר"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "sötét"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "komor"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "pōuriuri"
    },
    {
      "code": "pdt",
      "lang": "Plautdietsch",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "dunkel"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "escuro"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "sombrio"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "mráčnyj",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "мра́чный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "tjómnyj",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "тёмный"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "dull or dark in colour",
      "word": "sombrío"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "unil",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "унил"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "陰沉"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "yīnchén",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "阴沉"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "陰鬱"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "yīnyù",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "阴郁"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "chmurný"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "zasmušilý"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "somber"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "synkkä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "ankea"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "sombre"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "sombrío"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "verhalten"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "trübe"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "freudlos"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "traurig"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "düster"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "finster"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "schwermütig"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "nugé",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "נוּגֶה"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "komor"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "mogorva"
    },
    {
      "alt": "うすぐらい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "usugurai",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "薄暗い"
    },
    {
      "alt": "おもくるしい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "omokurushii",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "重苦しい"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "ponury"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "posępny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "sombrio"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "mráčnyj",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "мра́чный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pásmurnyj",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "па́смурный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "xmúryj",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "хму́рый"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ugrjúmyj",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "угрю́мый"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "unýlyj",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "уны́лый"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "gruamach"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "sombrío"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "melancholy; dismal",
      "word": "dyster"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "seriozen",
      "sense": "grave",
      "word": "сериозен"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "grave",
      "word": "vážný"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "grave",
      "word": "vakava"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "grave",
      "word": "sombre"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "grave",
      "word": "ernst"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "grave",
      "word": "schwerwiegend"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "grave",
      "word": "komoly"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "neprostoj",
      "sense": "grave",
      "word": "непростой"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "trudnyj",
      "sense": "grave",
      "word": "трудный"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "grave",
      "word": "grave"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sombre"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "British English forms",
    "Canadian English forms",
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒmbə(ɹ)"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "sombre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dark"
      },
      "expansion": "French sombre (“dark”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sombre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sombrer"
      },
      "expansion": "*sombrer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "sub-",
        "3": "umbra",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "sub- + umbra",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "sombra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shade; dark part of a picture; ghost"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sombre (“dark”), from Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer or Latin sub- + umbra. Compare Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "sombre (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "som‧bre"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Gloom; obscurity; duskiness."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Gloom",
          "gloom"
        ],
        [
          "obscurity",
          "obscurity"
        ],
        [
          "duskiness",
          "duskiness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Gloom; obscurity; duskiness."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɒmbə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɑmbɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒmbə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-somber.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg/En-us-somber.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-sombre.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg/En-us-sombre.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sombre"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "British English forms",
    "Canadian English forms",
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒmbə(ɹ)"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "sombre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dark"
      },
      "expansion": "French sombre (“dark”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sombre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sombrer"
      },
      "expansion": "*sombrer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "sub-",
        "3": "umbra",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "sub- + umbra",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "sombra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shade; dark part of a picture; ghost"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sombre (“dark”), from Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer or Latin sub- + umbra. Compare Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sombres",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sombring",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sombred",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sombred",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sombre (third-person singular simple present sombres, present participle sombring, simple past and past participle sombred)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "som‧bre"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To make sombre or dark; to make shady."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɒmbə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɑmbɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒmbə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-somber.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg/En-us-somber.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-sombre.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg/En-us-sombre.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sombre"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 1-syllable words",
    "French adjectives",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French non-lemma forms",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with audio links",
    "French verb forms"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "coupe sombre"
    },
    {
      "word": "matière sombre"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "sombre",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: sombre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: sombre"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sombre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French sombre",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "sub umbra",
        "t": "in/under the shade"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sub umbra (“in/under the shade”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "sombra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shade, shadow"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese sombra (“shade, shadow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sombrer"
      },
      "expansion": "*sombrer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*subumbrāre",
        "t": "to shade, enshadow"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre (“to shade, enshadow”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "essombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French essombre",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French sombre, likely from Latin sub umbra (“in/under the shade”); compare Spanish and Portuguese sombra (“shade, shadow”). Possibly derived through a verb *sombrer, from a Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre (“to shade, enshadow”), though this does not seem necessary. Compare also Old French essombre, with a different prefix.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sombres",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sombre (plural sombres)",
      "name": "fr-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "ombre"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "clair"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dark"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "foncé"
        },
        {
          "word": "obscur"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French derogatory terms",
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a prize idiot, a complete idiot, an unspeakable imbecile",
          "text": "un sombre crétin",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "right, damn, bloody"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "right",
          "right"
        ],
        [
          "damn",
          "damn"
        ],
        [
          "bloody",
          "bloody"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(derogatory) right, damn, bloody"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃bʁ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-sombre.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/Fr-sombre.ogg/Fr-sombre.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Fr-sombre.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sombre"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 1-syllable words",
    "French adjectives",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French non-lemma forms",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with audio links",
    "French verb forms"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sombre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French sombre",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "sub umbra",
        "t": "in/under the shade"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sub umbra (“in/under the shade”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "sombra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shade, shadow"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese sombra (“shade, shadow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sombrer"
      },
      "expansion": "*sombrer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*subumbrāre",
        "t": "to shade, enshadow"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre (“to shade, enshadow”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "essombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French essombre",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French sombre, likely from Latin sub umbra (“in/under the shade”); compare Spanish and Portuguese sombra (“shade, shadow”). Possibly derived through a verb *sombrer, from a Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre (“to shade, enshadow”), though this does not seem necessary. Compare also Old French essombre, with a different prefix.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "sombre",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of sombrer:",
        "first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sombrer",
          "sombrer#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of sombrer:",
        "second-person singular imperative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sombrer",
          "sombrer#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃bʁ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-sombre.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/Fr-sombre.ogg/Fr-sombre.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Fr-sombre.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sombre"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sombre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sombre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sombrer"
      },
      "expansion": "*sombrer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*subumbrāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "sub",
        "4": "",
        "5": "under"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sub (“under”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "umbra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shadow"
      },
      "expansion": "umbra (“shadow”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer (from a Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre), or from Latin sub (“under”) + umbra (“shadow”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "10": "sombree",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "sombres",
        "15": "",
        "16": "sombrees",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{f2}}}s",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "sombres",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "f2accel-form": "p",
        "f3accel-form": "m|s",
        "f4accel-form": "f|s",
        "f6accel-form": "m|p",
        "f7accel-form": "f|p",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "f",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sombre m or f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mf"
      },
      "expansion": "sombre m or f",
      "name": "nrf-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norman",
  "lang_code": "nrm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
        "French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
        "Jersey Norman",
        "Norman adjectives",
        "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
        "Norman lemmas",
        "Norman terms derived from Latin",
        "Norman terms derived from Old French",
        "Norman terms inherited from Latin",
        "Norman terms inherited from Old French"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sombre, dark"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sombre",
          "sombre#English"
        ],
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Jersey) sombre, dark"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jersey",
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sombre"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Spanish non-lemma forms",
    "Spanish verb forms"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "sombre",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "sombrar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of sombrar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
        "first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sombrar",
          "sombrar#Spanish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of sombrar:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "sombrar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of sombrar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
        "third-person singular imperative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sombrar",
          "sombrar#Spanish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of sombrar:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sombre"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.