See sombre in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sombre rock chat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sombre tit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "somber tit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sombrish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sombrely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sombresome"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "sombre",
"4": "",
"5": "dark"
},
"expansion": "French sombre (“dark”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sombre"
},
"expansion": "Old French sombre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sub-",
"3": "umbra",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "sub- + umbra",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "sombra",
"3": "",
"4": "shade; dark part of a picture; ghost"
},
"expansion": "Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sombre (“dark”), from Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer or Latin sub- + umbra. Compare Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sombrer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sombrest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "sombre (comparative sombrer, superlative sombrest)",
"name": "en-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "British spelling",
"3": "Canadian spelling"
},
"expansion": "(British spelling, Canadian spelling)",
"name": "term-label"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"som‧bre"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Hermann Kauders, Before The Cock Crows, →ISBN, page 9:",
"text": "The lady led him into a sombre hallway and disappeared. A moment later the windowless chamber was illuminated by the entry of a heavenly creature emitting a radiance prone to pierce the heart of any youth exposed to it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dark; gloomy; shadowy, dimly lit."
],
"id": "en-sombre-en-adj-DVjlpFwV",
"links": [
[
"Dark",
"dark"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bleak"
},
{
"word": "dreary"
},
{
"word": "cheerless"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"UK"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mračen",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "мрачен"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "ombrívol"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "stinný"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "synkkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "sombrío"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "dunkel"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "finster"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "trübe"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "pōuriuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "whakapoururu"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "تاریک، محزون"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "dunkel"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sombrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lúgubre"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "soturno"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mráčnyj",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "мра́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pásmurnyj",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "па́смурный"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúryj",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "хму́рый"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 9 29 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "sombrío"
}
]
},
{
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1877, The Black Band; or, The Mysteries of Midnight, page 47:",
"text": "His tall and slender figure, dressed in sombre black, his hair of that peculiar reddish auburn so rarely seen, his flashing black eyes, in which a fitful fire seemed for ever burning; all combined to give something almost of a demoniac air ...",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dull or dark in colour or brightness."
],
"id": "en-sombre-en-adj-qf5c4ASu",
"links": [
[
"Dull",
"dull"
],
[
"colour",
"colour"
],
[
"brightness",
"brightness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fuscous"
},
{
"word": "inky"
},
{
"word": "dark"
},
{
"word": "dark colour"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"UK"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mṙayl",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "մռայլ"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎmen",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "тъмен"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "tmavý"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "temný"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "synkkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "pimeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "matt"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "stumpf"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "dunkel"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "finster"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "trüb"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "trübe"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "qodér",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קוֹדֵר"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "sötét"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "komor"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "pōuriuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "dunkel"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "sombrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mráčnyj",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "мра́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tjómnyj",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "тёмный"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 68 2 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "sombrío"
}
]
},
{
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1845, B[enjamin] Disraeli, Sybil; or The Two Nations. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "The dinner was silent and sombre; happily it was also short.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1904 January 29 – October 7, Joseph Conrad, Nostromo: A Tale of the Seaboard, London, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers […], published 1904, →OCLC:",
"text": "It was a wonder that he had not been a victim of the ferocious and summary executions which marked the course of that tyranny; for Guzman had ruled the country with the sombre imbecility of political fanaticism.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Peter Turnbull, Aftermath, Severn House Publishers Ltd, →ISBN:",
"text": "A sombre mood, very sombre in fact, thought Hennessey, as he stood against the wall observing the procedure for the police. He had not known a mood more sombre to have previously descended on the room.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Melancholic, gloomy, dreary, dismal; grim."
],
"id": "en-sombre-en-adj-Q0yFhg7s",
"links": [
[
"Melancholic",
"melancholic"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"dreary",
"dreary"
],
[
"dismal",
"dismal"
],
[
"grim",
"grim"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "despondent"
},
{
"word": "unhappy"
},
{
"word": "sad"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"UK"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "unil",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "унил"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnchén",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "陰沉 /阴沉"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnyù",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "陰鬱 /阴郁"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "chmurný"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "zasmušilý"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "somber"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "synkkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "ankea"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "sombrío"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "verhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "trübe"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "freudlos"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "traurig"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "finster"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "schwermütig"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nugé",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "נוּגֶה"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "komor"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "mogorva"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"alt": "うすぐらい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "usugurai",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "薄暗い"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"alt": "おもくるしい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "omokurushii",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "重苦しい"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "ponury"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "posępny"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "sombrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mráčnyj",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "мра́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pásmurnyj",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "па́смурный"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúryj",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "хму́рый"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugrjúmyj",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "угрю́мый"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "unýlyj",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "уны́лый"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "sombrío"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 2 57 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "dyster"
}
]
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{
"text": "a sombre situation",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Grave; extremely serious."
],
"id": "en-sombre-en-adj-gQFOhCMr",
"links": [
[
"Grave",
"grave"
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[
"serious",
"serious"
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],
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{
"word": "earnest"
},
{
"word": "staid"
},
{
"word": "serious"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"UK"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "seriozen",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "сериозен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "vážný"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "serioza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "vakava"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "ernst"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "schwerwiegend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "komoly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neprostoj",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "непростой"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trudnyj",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "трудный"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "grave"
}
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈsɒmbə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɑmbɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
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{
"rhymes": "-ɒmbə(ɹ)"
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "somber"
}
],
"word": "sombre"
}
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"3": "sombre",
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"5": "dark"
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},
{
"args": {
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"3": "sombre"
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"expansion": "Old French sombre",
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{
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"2": "sombra",
"3": "",
"4": "shade; dark part of a picture; ghost"
},
"expansion": "Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sombre (“dark”), from Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer or Latin sub- + umbra. Compare Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”).",
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"glosses": [
"Gloom; obscurity; duskiness."
],
"id": "en-sombre-en-noun-CK1cPOJC",
"links": [
[
"Gloom",
"gloom"
],
[
"obscurity",
"obscurity"
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[
"duskiness",
"duskiness"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Gloom; obscurity; duskiness."
],
"tags": [
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"UK",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɒmbə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɑmbɚ/",
"tags": [
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],
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"expansion": "French sombre (“dark”)",
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{
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"expansion": "Old French sombre",
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"4": "shade; dark part of a picture; ghost"
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"name": "cog"
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],
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"singular",
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},
{
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},
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"past"
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},
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg"
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒmbə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "sombre"
}
{
"categories": [
"British English forms",
"Canadian English forms",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɒmbə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɒmbə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "sombre rock chat"
},
{
"word": "sombre tit"
},
{
"word": "somber tit"
},
{
"word": "sombrish"
},
{
"word": "sombrely"
},
{
"word": "sombresome"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "sombre",
"4": "",
"5": "dark"
},
"expansion": "French sombre (“dark”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sombre"
},
"expansion": "Old French sombre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sub-",
"3": "umbra",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "sub- + umbra",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "sombra",
"3": "",
"4": "shade; dark part of a picture; ghost"
},
"expansion": "Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sombre (“dark”), from Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer or Latin sub- + umbra. Compare Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sombrer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sombrest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "sombre (comparative sombrer, superlative sombrest)",
"name": "en-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "British spelling",
"3": "Canadian spelling"
},
"expansion": "(British spelling, Canadian spelling)",
"name": "term-label"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"som‧bre"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Hermann Kauders, Before The Cock Crows, →ISBN, page 9:",
"text": "The lady led him into a sombre hallway and disappeared. A moment later the windowless chamber was illuminated by the entry of a heavenly creature emitting a radiance prone to pierce the heart of any youth exposed to it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dark; gloomy; shadowy, dimly lit."
],
"links": [
[
"Dark",
"dark"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bleak"
},
{
"word": "dreary"
},
{
"word": "cheerless"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"UK"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1877, The Black Band; or, The Mysteries of Midnight, page 47:",
"text": "His tall and slender figure, dressed in sombre black, his hair of that peculiar reddish auburn so rarely seen, his flashing black eyes, in which a fitful fire seemed for ever burning; all combined to give something almost of a demoniac air ...",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dull or dark in colour or brightness."
],
"links": [
[
"Dull",
"dull"
],
[
"colour",
"colour"
],
[
"brightness",
"brightness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fuscous"
},
{
"word": "inky"
},
{
"word": "dark"
},
{
"word": "dark colour"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"UK"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1845, B[enjamin] Disraeli, Sybil; or The Two Nations. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "The dinner was silent and sombre; happily it was also short.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1904 January 29 – October 7, Joseph Conrad, Nostromo: A Tale of the Seaboard, London, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers […], published 1904, →OCLC:",
"text": "It was a wonder that he had not been a victim of the ferocious and summary executions which marked the course of that tyranny; for Guzman had ruled the country with the sombre imbecility of political fanaticism.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Peter Turnbull, Aftermath, Severn House Publishers Ltd, →ISBN:",
"text": "A sombre mood, very sombre in fact, thought Hennessey, as he stood against the wall observing the procedure for the police. He had not known a mood more sombre to have previously descended on the room.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Melancholic, gloomy, dreary, dismal; grim."
],
"links": [
[
"Melancholic",
"melancholic"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"dreary",
"dreary"
],
[
"dismal",
"dismal"
],
[
"grim",
"grim"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "despondent"
},
{
"word": "unhappy"
},
{
"word": "sad"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"UK"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a sombre situation",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Grave; extremely serious."
],
"links": [
[
"Grave",
"grave"
],
[
"serious",
"serious"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "earnest"
},
{
"word": "staid"
},
{
"word": "serious"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"UK"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɒmbə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɑmbɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
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{
"rhymes": "-ɒmbə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "somber"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mračen",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "мрачен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "ombrívol"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "stinný"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "synkkä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "sombrío"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "dunkel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "finster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "trübe"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "pōuriuri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "whakapoururu"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "تاریک، محزون"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "dunkel"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escuro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sombrio"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lúgubre"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "soturno"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mráčnyj",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "мра́чный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pásmurnyj",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "па́смурный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúryj",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "хму́рый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dark; gloomy, dimly lit",
"word": "sombrío"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mṙayl",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "մռայլ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎmen",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "тъмен"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "tmavý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "temný"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "synkkä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "pimeä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "matt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "stumpf"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "dunkel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "finster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "dunkel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "trüb"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "trübe"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "qodér",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קוֹדֵר"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "sötét"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "komor"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "pōuriuri"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "dunkel"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escuro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "sombrio"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mráčnyj",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "мра́чный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tjómnyj",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "тёмный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dull or dark in colour",
"word": "sombrío"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "unil",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "унил"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnchén",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "陰沉 /阴沉"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnyù",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "陰鬱 /阴郁"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "chmurný"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "zasmušilý"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "somber"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "synkkä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "ankea"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "sombrío"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "verhalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "trübe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "freudlos"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "traurig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "finster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "schwermütig"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nugé",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "נוּגֶה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "komor"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "mogorva"
},
{
"alt": "うすぐらい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "usugurai",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "薄暗い"
},
{
"alt": "おもくるしい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "omokurushii",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "重苦しい"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "ponury"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "posępny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "sombrio"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mráčnyj",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "мра́чный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pásmurnyj",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "па́смурный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúryj",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "хму́рый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugrjúmyj",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "угрю́мый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "unýlyj",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "уны́лый"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "sombrío"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "melancholy; dismal",
"word": "dyster"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "seriozen",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "сериозен"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "vážný"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "serioza"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "vakava"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "ernst"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "schwerwiegend"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "komoly"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neprostoj",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "непростой"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trudnyj",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "трудный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grave",
"word": "grave"
}
],
"word": "sombre"
}
{
"categories": [
"British English forms",
"Canadian English forms",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɒmbə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɒmbə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "sombre",
"4": "",
"5": "dark"
},
"expansion": "French sombre (“dark”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sombre"
},
"expansion": "Old French sombre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sub-",
"3": "umbra",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "sub- + umbra",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "sombra",
"3": "",
"4": "shade; dark part of a picture; ghost"
},
"expansion": "Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sombre (“dark”), from Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer or Latin sub- + umbra. Compare Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "sombre (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"som‧bre"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Gloom; obscurity; duskiness."
],
"links": [
[
"Gloom",
"gloom"
],
[
"obscurity",
"obscurity"
],
[
"duskiness",
"duskiness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Gloom; obscurity; duskiness."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"UK",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɒmbə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɑmbɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-somber.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg/En-us-somber.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sombre.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg/En-us-sombre.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒmbə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "sombre"
}
{
"categories": [
"British English forms",
"Canadian English forms",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɒmbə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɒmbə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "sombre",
"4": "",
"5": "dark"
},
"expansion": "French sombre (“dark”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sombre"
},
"expansion": "Old French sombre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sub-",
"3": "umbra",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "sub- + umbra",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "sombra",
"3": "",
"4": "shade; dark part of a picture; ghost"
},
"expansion": "Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sombre (“dark”), from Old French sombre, from a verb *sombrer or Latin sub- + umbra. Compare Spanish sombra (“shade; dark part of a picture; ghost”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sombres",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sombring",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sombred",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sombred",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sombre (third-person singular simple present sombres, present participle sombring, simple past and past participle sombred)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"som‧bre"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To make sombre or dark; to make shady."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"UK"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɒmbə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɑmbɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-somber.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg/En-us-somber.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-us-somber.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sombre.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg/En-us-sombre.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/En-us-sombre.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒmbə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "sombre"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sombre meaning in English (21.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.