See stern in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for stern meaning in English (43.0kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "animated"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "cheerful"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "emotional"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "empathic"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "gregarious"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "kindly"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "soft"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unstrict"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "vivacious"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sternly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sternness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stern plane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stern sex"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stern sheets"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stern-wheeler"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sterne"
},
"expansion": "sterne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sturne"
},
"expansion": "sturne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "styrne",
"4": "",
"5": "stern, grave, strict, austere, hard, severe, cruel"
},
"expansion": "Old English styrne (“stern, grave, strict, austere, hard, severe, cruel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sturnijaz",
"4": "",
"5": "angry, astonished, shocked"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sturnijaz (“angry, astonished, shocked”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ster-",
"4": "",
"5": "rigid, stiff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“rigid, stiff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "stern",
"3": "",
"4": "bold, courageous, fierce, resolute"
},
"expansion": "Scots stern (“bold, courageous, fierce, resolute”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "stornēn",
"3": "",
"4": "to be astonished"
},
"expansion": "Old High German stornēn (“to be astonished”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stuurs",
"3": "",
"4": "glum, austere"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stuurs (“glum, austere”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stursk",
"3": "",
"4": "insolent"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stursk (“insolent”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stern, sterne, sturne, from Old English styrne (“stern, grave, strict, austere, hard, severe, cruel”), from Proto-Germanic *sturnijaz (“angry, astonished, shocked”), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“rigid, stiff”). Cognate with Scots stern (“bold, courageous, fierce, resolute”), Old High German stornēn (“to be astonished”), Dutch stuurs (“glum, austere”), Swedish stursk (“insolent”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sterner",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sternest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "stern (comparative sterner, superlative sternest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "ghastly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "mean"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "obstinate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "resilient"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "rigid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "serious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "sinister"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "strong"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "sturdy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "surly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "taciturn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unrelenting"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76",
"text": "Risk is everywhere. From tabloid headlines insisting that coffee causes cancer (yesterday, of course, it cured it) to stern government warnings about alcohol and driving, the world is teeming with goblins.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a hardness and severity of nature or manner."
],
"id": "en-stern-en-adj-HuuCOy52",
"links": [
[
"hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"severity",
"severity"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣārim",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "صَارِم"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mutašaddid",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "مُتَشَدِّد"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xist",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "խիստ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tündməcaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tündxasiyyət"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sərt"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "suróv",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "суро́в"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strog",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "строг"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tvǎrd",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "твърд"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sever"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "streng"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "ankara"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "kovaluontoinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tyly"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "kova"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sévère"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sasṭiḳi",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "სასტიკი"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "streng"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "hart"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "bitter"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "unnachgiebig"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "ernst"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "unnachsichtig"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "gestreng"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "afstirós",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "αυστηρός"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "szigorú"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rideg"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "austero"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rigido"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"alt": "げんかくな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "genkaku na",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "厳格な"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tētricus"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "firmatus"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kaṟśana",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "കർശന"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kaṟkkaśa",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "കർക്കശ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "makiki"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "taikaha"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "ieeboa"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "surowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "austero"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rígido"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "dur"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sever"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "strógij",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "стро́гий"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "suróvyj",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "суро́вый"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "jak"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "snažan"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "čvrst"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "čeličan"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "grubost"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "surovost"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "strogost"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "neúprosný"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tvrdý"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "prísny"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sträng"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rigorös"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "strikt"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "barsk"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "hård"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sert"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "haşin"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "katı"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "suvóryj",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "суво́рий"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "stróhyj",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стро́гий"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Grim and forbidding in appearance."
],
"id": "en-stern-en-adj-KcuGLRZJ",
"links": [
[
"Grim",
"grim"
],
[
"forbidding",
"forbidding"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neprivétliv",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "неприве́тлив"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nedruželjúben",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недружелю́бен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "negostopriémen",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "негостоприе́мен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mráčen",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мра́чен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "ankara"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "tuima"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "austère"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "unfreundlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "abweisend"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "abschreckend"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vlosyrós",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "βλοσυρός"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "zord"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "arcigno"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "inflessibile"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"alt": "そうごんな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sōgon na",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "荘厳な"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "taikaha"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mráčnyj",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "мра́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "neprívetivý"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "hård"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg/En-us-stern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stûn"
},
{
"enpr": "stûrn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sterne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "callous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "cold"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "forbidding"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "grim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "hard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "hard-boiled"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "hardened"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "heartless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "heavy-handed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "harsh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "humorless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "indifferent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "insensitive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "intense"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "rigorous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "severe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "stern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "strict"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "tough"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unfeeling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unsentimental"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unsympathetic"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Stern (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "bow"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem to stern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pink stern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "square stern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stern chase"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stern chaser"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stern frame"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sternpost"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sternwards"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "torpedo stern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tunnel stern"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "stjórn",
"4": "",
"5": "control, steering"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stýra",
"3": "",
"4": "to steer"
},
"expansion": "stýra (“to steer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stiurijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "steer"
},
"expansion": "steer",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "stiarne",
"4": "",
"5": "rudder"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely from Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”), related to stýra (“to steer”), from Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną, whence also English steer. Also possibly from Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”), from the same Germanic root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sterns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stern (plural sterns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "keel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "aft"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 36 1 3 2 14 4 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "en:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The rear part or after end of a ship or vessel."
],
"id": "en-stern-en-noun-Y6nq6pwz",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"rear",
"rear"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) The rear part or after end of a ship or vessel."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"sense": "of a ship",
"word": "poop"
}
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "shtreze"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muʔaḵḵara",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مُؤَخَّرَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "navaxel",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "նավախել"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "sarğı"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "gəmi sarğısı"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "txopa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "karmá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "карма́"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kǎrmá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кърма́"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuánwěi",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "船尾"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhú",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "舳"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "záď"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "agterstævn"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "agterende"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "achtersteven"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterschip"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "venčpulo",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "венчпуло"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "poŭpo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pobo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ahter"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "perä"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ahteri"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poupe"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrière"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳičo",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "კიჩო"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Heck"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schiffshinterteil"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hinterschiff"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "nōta",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐌽𐍉𐍄𐌰"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "prýmni",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πρύμνη"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "prúmna",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πρύμνα"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dumbāl",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "दुंबाल"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dabūsā",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "दबूसा"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "picchal",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "पिच्छल"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pichāṛī",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "पिछाड़ी"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "tat"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "hajótat"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skutur"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pupo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ahteri"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "deireadh"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ist",
"lang": "Istriot",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poûpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poppa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"alt": "せんび",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "senbi",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "船尾"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"alt": "とも",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tomo",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "艫"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "korma",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "корма"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"alt": "船尾",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seonmi",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "선미"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gomul",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "고물"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puppis"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pakaļgals"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "laivagalis"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "lut",
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ʔillaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krma",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "крма"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "buritan"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "amaraṁ",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "അമരം"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cashtal jerree"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "kei"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "tā"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "noko"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poupe"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tillac"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterstavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hekk"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "akterspeil"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterende"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hekk"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterende"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterspegel"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterstamn"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "krŭma",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кръма"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stēorsetl"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "pupa",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "پوپا"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pâšne",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "پاشْنِه"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rufa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kormá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "корма́"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кр̏ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kȑma"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "korma"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krma"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "akter"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bakstam c poop"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "popa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "kıç"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pupa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kormá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "корма́"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "quyruq"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "vec",
"english": "small ship",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pòpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "vec",
"english": "big ship",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pupa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pödanaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pödastev"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "starn"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The post of management or direction."
],
"id": "en-stern-en-noun-wneMzWQp",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) The post of management or direction."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "figuratively: post of management or direction",
"word": "peräsin"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "amaraṁ",
"sense": "figuratively: post of management or direction",
"word": "അമരം"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The hinder part of anything."
],
"id": "en-stern-en-noun-zdjvpAAs",
"links": [
[
"hinder",
"hinder"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 0 97 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hinder part of anything",
"word": "perä"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The tail of an animal; now used only of the tail of a dog."
],
"id": "en-stern-en-noun-gykrQ6hM",
"links": [
[
"tail",
"tail"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tail of an animal",
"word": "häntä"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg/En-us-stern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stûn"
},
{
"enpr": "stûrn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sterne"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Stern (disambiguation)",
"stern"
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "stjórn",
"4": "",
"5": "control, steering"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stýra",
"3": "",
"4": "to steer"
},
"expansion": "stýra (“to steer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stiurijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "steer"
},
"expansion": "steer",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "stiarne",
"4": "",
"5": "rudder"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely from Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”), related to stýra (“to steer”), from Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną, whence also English steer. Also possibly from Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”), from the same Germanic root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sterns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sterning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sterned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sterned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stern (third-person singular simple present sterns, present participle sterning, simple past and past participle sterned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To steer, to direct the course of (a ship)."
],
"id": "en-stern-en-verb-QGtGl3wm",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"steer",
"steer"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"course",
"course"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive, intransitive) To steer, to direct the course of (a ship)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 36 1 3 2 14 4 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "en:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To propel or move backward or stern-first in the water."
],
"id": "en-stern-en-verb-r0zTj8N8",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"propel",
"propel"
],
[
"backward",
"backward"
],
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive, nautical) To propel or move backward or stern-first in the water."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg/En-us-stern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stûn"
},
{
"enpr": "stûrn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sterne"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Stern (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tern"
},
"expansion": "tern",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a variant of tern.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sterns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stern (plural sterns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 15 27 1 0 2 43 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 9 17 1 1 3 58 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 24 19 2 4 7 33 3 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "en:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Animals",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Lifeforms",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 9 17 2 2 6 57 1 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Terns",
"orig": "en:Terns",
"parents": [
"Seabirds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 36 1 3 2 14 4 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "en:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bird, the black tern."
],
"id": "en-stern-en-noun-mpGmXV1C",
"links": [
[
"black tern",
"black tern"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg/En-us-stern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stûn"
},
{
"enpr": "stûrn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sterne"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Stern (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "animated"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "cheerful"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "emotional"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "empathic"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "gregarious"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "kindly"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "soft"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unstrict"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "vivacious"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Requests for review of Mandarin translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"en:Animal body parts",
"en:Ship parts",
"en:Terns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "sternly"
},
{
"word": "sternness"
},
{
"word": "stern plane"
},
{
"word": "stern sex"
},
{
"word": "stern sheets"
},
{
"word": "stern-wheeler"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sterne"
},
"expansion": "sterne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sturne"
},
"expansion": "sturne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "styrne",
"4": "",
"5": "stern, grave, strict, austere, hard, severe, cruel"
},
"expansion": "Old English styrne (“stern, grave, strict, austere, hard, severe, cruel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sturnijaz",
"4": "",
"5": "angry, astonished, shocked"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sturnijaz (“angry, astonished, shocked”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ster-",
"4": "",
"5": "rigid, stiff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“rigid, stiff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "stern",
"3": "",
"4": "bold, courageous, fierce, resolute"
},
"expansion": "Scots stern (“bold, courageous, fierce, resolute”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "stornēn",
"3": "",
"4": "to be astonished"
},
"expansion": "Old High German stornēn (“to be astonished”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stuurs",
"3": "",
"4": "glum, austere"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stuurs (“glum, austere”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stursk",
"3": "",
"4": "insolent"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stursk (“insolent”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stern, sterne, sturne, from Old English styrne (“stern, grave, strict, austere, hard, severe, cruel”), from Proto-Germanic *sturnijaz (“angry, astonished, shocked”), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“rigid, stiff”). Cognate with Scots stern (“bold, courageous, fierce, resolute”), Old High German stornēn (“to be astonished”), Dutch stuurs (“glum, austere”), Swedish stursk (“insolent”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sterner",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sternest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "stern (comparative sterner, superlative sternest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "ghastly"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "mean"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "obstinate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "resilient"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "rigid"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "serious"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "sinister"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "strong"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "sturdy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "surly"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "taciturn"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unrelenting"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76",
"text": "Risk is everywhere. From tabloid headlines insisting that coffee causes cancer (yesterday, of course, it cured it) to stern government warnings about alcohol and driving, the world is teeming with goblins.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a hardness and severity of nature or manner."
],
"links": [
[
"hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"severity",
"severity"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Grim and forbidding in appearance."
],
"links": [
[
"Grim",
"grim"
],
[
"forbidding",
"forbidding"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg/En-us-stern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stûn"
},
{
"enpr": "stûrn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sterne"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "callous"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "cold"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "forbidding"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "grim"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "hard"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "hard-boiled"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "hardened"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "heartless"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "heavy-handed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "harsh"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "humorless"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "indifferent"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "insensitive"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "intense"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "rigorous"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "severe"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "stern"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "strict"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "tough"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unfeeling"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unsentimental"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unsympathetic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣārim",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "صَارِم"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mutašaddid",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "مُتَشَدِّد"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xist",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "խիստ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tündməcaz"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tündxasiyyət"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sərt"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "suróv",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "суро́в"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strog",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "строг"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tvǎrd",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "твърд"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sever"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "streng"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "ankara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "kovaluontoinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tyly"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "kova"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sévère"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sasṭiḳi",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "სასტიკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "streng"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "hart"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "bitter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "unnachgiebig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "ernst"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "unnachsichtig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "gestreng"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "afstirós",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "αυστηρός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "szigorú"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rideg"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "austero"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rigido"
},
{
"alt": "げんかくな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "genkaku na",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "厳格な"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tētricus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "firmatus"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kaṟśana",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "കർശന"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kaṟkkaśa",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "കർക്കശ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "makiki"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "taikaha"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "ieeboa"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "surowy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "austero"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rígido"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "dur"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sever"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "strógij",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "стро́гий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "suróvyj",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "суро́вый"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "jak"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "snažan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "čvrst"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "čeličan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "grubost"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "surovost"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "strogost"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "neúprosný"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tvrdý"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "prísny"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sträng"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rigorös"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "strikt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "barsk"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "hård"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sert"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "haşin"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "katı"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "suvóryj",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "суво́рий"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "stróhyj",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стро́гий"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neprivétliv",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "неприве́тлив"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nedruželjúben",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недружелю́бен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "negostopriémen",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "негостоприе́мен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mráčen",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мра́чен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "ankara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "tuima"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "austère"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "unfreundlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "abweisend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "abschreckend"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vlosyrós",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "βλοσυρός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "zord"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "arcigno"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "inflessibile"
},
{
"alt": "そうごんな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sōgon na",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "荘厳な"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "taikaha"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mráčnyj",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "мра́чный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "neprívetivý"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "hård"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Stern (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "bow"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Old Frisian",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"en:Animal body parts",
"en:Ship parts",
"en:Terns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "stem to stern"
},
{
"word": "pink stern"
},
{
"word": "square stern"
},
{
"word": "stern chase"
},
{
"word": "stern chaser"
},
{
"word": "stern frame"
},
{
"word": "sternpost"
},
{
"word": "sternwards"
},
{
"word": "torpedo stern"
},
{
"word": "tunnel stern"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "stjórn",
"4": "",
"5": "control, steering"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stýra",
"3": "",
"4": "to steer"
},
"expansion": "stýra (“to steer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stiurijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "steer"
},
"expansion": "steer",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "stiarne",
"4": "",
"5": "rudder"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely from Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”), related to stýra (“to steer”), from Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną, whence also English steer. Also possibly from Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”), from the same Germanic root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sterns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stern (plural sterns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "keel"
},
{
"word": "aft"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"The rear part or after end of a ship or vessel."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"rear",
"rear"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) The rear part or after end of a ship or vessel."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The post of management or direction."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) The post of management or direction."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The hinder part of anything."
],
"links": [
[
"hinder",
"hinder"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The tail of an animal; now used only of the tail of a dog."
],
"links": [
[
"tail",
"tail"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg/En-us-stern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stûn"
},
{
"enpr": "stûrn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "of a ship",
"word": "poop"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sterne"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "shtreze"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muʔaḵḵara",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مُؤَخَّرَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "navaxel",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "նավախել"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "sarğı"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "gəmi sarğısı"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "txopa"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "karmá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "карма́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kǎrmá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кърма́"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuánwěi",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "船尾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhú",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "舳"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "záď"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "agterstævn"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "agterende"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "achtersteven"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterschip"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "venčpulo",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "венчпуло"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "poŭpo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pobo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ahter"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "perä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ahteri"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poupe"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrière"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳičo",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "კიჩო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Heck"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schiffshinterteil"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hinterschiff"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "nōta",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐌽𐍉𐍄𐌰"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "prýmni",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πρύμνη"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "prúmna",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πρύμνα"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dumbāl",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "दुंबाल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dabūsā",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "दबूसा"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "picchal",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "पिच्छल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pichāṛī",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "पिछाड़ी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "tat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "hajótat"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skutur"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pupo"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ahteri"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "deireadh"
},
{
"code": "ist",
"lang": "Istriot",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poûpa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poppa"
},
{
"alt": "せんび",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "senbi",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "船尾"
},
{
"alt": "とも",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tomo",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "艫"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "korma",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "корма"
},
{
"alt": "船尾",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seonmi",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "선미"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gomul",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "고물"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puppis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pakaļgals"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "laivagalis"
},
{
"code": "lut",
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ʔillaq"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krma",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "крма"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "buritan"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "amaraṁ",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "അമരം"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cashtal jerree"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbyl"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "kei"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "tā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "noko"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poupe"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tillac"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterstavn"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hekk"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "akterspeil"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterende"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hekk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterende"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterspegel"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterstamn"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "krŭma",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кръма"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stēorsetl"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "pupa",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "پوپا"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pâšne",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "پاشْنِه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rufa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kormá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "корма́"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кр̏ма"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kȑma"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "korma"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krma"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "akter"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bakstam c poop"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "popa"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "kıç"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pupa"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kormá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "корма́"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "quyruq"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"english": "small ship",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pòpe"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"english": "big ship",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pupa"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pödanaf"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pödastev"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "starn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "figuratively: post of management or direction",
"word": "peräsin"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "amaraṁ",
"sense": "figuratively: post of management or direction",
"word": "അമരം"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hinder part of anything",
"word": "perä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tail of an animal",
"word": "häntä"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Stern (disambiguation)",
"stern"
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Old Frisian",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"en:Animal body parts",
"en:Ship parts",
"en:Terns"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "stjórn",
"4": "",
"5": "control, steering"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stýra",
"3": "",
"4": "to steer"
},
"expansion": "stýra (“to steer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stiurijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "steer"
},
"expansion": "steer",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "stiarne",
"4": "",
"5": "rudder"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely from Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”), related to stýra (“to steer”), from Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną, whence also English steer. Also possibly from Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”), from the same Germanic root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sterns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sterning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sterned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sterned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stern (third-person singular simple present sterns, present participle sterning, simple past and past participle sterned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To steer, to direct the course of (a ship)."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"steer",
"steer"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"course",
"course"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive, intransitive) To steer, to direct the course of (a ship)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"To propel or move backward or stern-first in the water."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"propel",
"propel"
],
[
"backward",
"backward"
],
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive, nautical) To propel or move backward or stern-first in the water."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg/En-us-stern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stûn"
},
{
"enpr": "stûrn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sterne"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Stern (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"en:Animal body parts",
"en:Ship parts",
"en:Terns"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tern"
},
"expansion": "tern",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a variant of tern.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sterns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stern (plural sterns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A bird, the black tern."
],
"links": [
[
"black tern",
"black tern"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg/En-us-stern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stûn"
},
{
"enpr": "stûrn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sterne"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Stern (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "stern"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.