"stony" meaning in English

See stony in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈstəʊni/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈstoʊni/ [General-American] Audio: en-au-stony.ogg [Australia] Forms: stonier [comparative], stoniest [superlative]
Rhymes: -əʊni Etymology: From Middle English stony, stoni, stani, from Old English stāniġ, stǣniġ (“stony, rocky”), from Proto-Germanic *stainagaz (“stony”), equivalent to stone + -y. Cognate with Scots stany (“stony”), West Frisian stienich (“stony”), Dutch stenig (“stony, metalled”), German steinig (“stony, rocky, gravelly”), Swedish stenig (“stony, rocky, pebbly”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|stony}} Middle English stony, {{m|enm|stoni}} stoni, {{m|enm|stani}} stani, {{inh|en|ang|stāniġ}} Old English stāniġ, {{m|ang|stǣniġ|t=stony, rocky}} stǣniġ (“stony, rocky”), {{inh|en|gem-pro|*stainagaz|t=stony}} Proto-Germanic *stainagaz (“stony”), {{af|en|stone|-y}} stone + -y, {{cog|sco|stany|t=stony}} Scots stany (“stony”), {{cog|fy|stienich|t=stony}} West Frisian stienich (“stony”), {{cog|nl|stenig|t=stony, metalled}} Dutch stenig (“stony, metalled”), {{cog|de|steinig|t=stony, rocky, gravelly}} German steinig (“stony, rocky, gravelly”), {{cog|sv|stenig|t=stony, rocky, pebbly}} Swedish stenig (“stony, rocky, pebbly”) Head templates: {{en-adj|er}} stony (comparative stonier, superlative stoniest)
  1. As hard as stone. Synonyms: rock-hard Translations (hard as stone): kivikova (Finnish), pétreo [masculine] (Galician), lapideus (Latin), سنگی (sangi) (Persian), kamienny [masculine] (Polish)
    Sense id: en-stony-en-adj-Z2iHU~5s Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -y, Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 13 15 27 12 32 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -y: 12 23 29 12 24 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 10 11 20 8 20 5 1 1 7 13 3 Disambiguation of 'hard as stone': 88 9 3 0 0
  2. Containing or made up of stones. Synonyms: pebbly, rocky, shingly Translations (containing stones): πετρώδης (petrṓdēs) (Ancient Greek), каменист (kamenist) (Bulgarian), stenet (Danish), kivinen (Finnish), kallioinen (Finnish), steinern (German), 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍃 (stainahs) (Gothic), köves (Hungarian), grýttur (Icelandic), saxōsus (Latin), lapidosus (Latin), stengeg (Luxembourgish), steinete (Norwegian Bokmål), steinete (Norwegian Nynorsk), grjót (Old Norse), سنگدار (sangdâr) (Persian), kamienisty [masculine] (Polish), pedroso [masculine] (Portuguese), stenig (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-stony-en-adj-OhXbG-OA Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -y, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -y Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 13 15 27 12 32 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -y: 12 23 29 12 24 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 10 11 20 8 20 5 1 1 7 13 3 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -y: 10 10 21 7 20 5 1 1 6 16 2 Disambiguation of 'containing stones': 9 72 6 8 4
  3. (figuratively) Of a person, lacking warmth and emotion. Tags: figuratively Synonyms: cold, cool, hard-hearted, heartless, impassive, unemotional, unfeeling Translations (of a person): хладен (hladen) (Bulgarian), безразличен (bezrazličen) (Bulgarian), froid (French), sec (French), frío [masculine] (Galician), سنگدل (sangdel) (Persian)
    Sense id: en-stony-en-adj-0YBTv8WT Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -y, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup, Middle English terms suffixed with -y Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 13 15 27 12 32 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -y: 12 23 29 12 24 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 10 11 20 8 20 5 1 1 7 13 3 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 9 10 19 8 20 5 1 1 7 16 4 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -y: 10 10 21 7 20 5 1 1 6 16 2 Disambiguation of 'of a person': 0 0 100 0 0
  4. (figuratively) Of an action or expression such as a look, showing no warmth of emotion. Tags: figuratively Synonyms: cold, cool, frosty, unwelcoming Translations (of an action): duro [masculine] (Galician)
    Sense id: en-stony-en-adj-kLHhfTJm Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -y Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 13 15 27 12 32 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -y: 12 23 29 12 24 Disambiguation of 'of an action': 0 0 0 100 0
  5. (UK and Australia, slang) Short for stony broke: without any money. Tags: Australia, UK, abbreviation, alt-of, slang Alternative form of: stony broke (extra: without any money) Synonyms: impoverished
    Sense id: en-stony-en-adj-~lz0rHB5 Categories (other): Australian English, British English, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -y, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup, Middle English terms suffixed with -y Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 13 15 27 12 32 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -y: 12 23 29 12 24 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 10 11 20 8 20 5 1 1 7 13 3 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 9 10 19 8 20 5 1 1 7 16 4 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -y: 10 10 21 7 20 5 1 1 6 16 2
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: stoney [obsolete] Derived forms: fall on stony ground, stonily, stoniness, stony-broke, stony coral, stony-faced, stonyhearted, stony iron, stony-iron, Stony Stratford

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for stony meaning in English (12.6kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fall on stony ground"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stonily"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stoniness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stony-broke"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stony coral"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stony-faced"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stonyhearted"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stony iron"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stony-iron"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Stony Stratford"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "stony"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English stony",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "stoni"
      },
      "expansion": "stoni",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "stani"
      },
      "expansion": "stani",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "stāniġ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English stāniġ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "stǣniġ",
        "t": "stony, rocky"
      },
      "expansion": "stǣniġ (“stony, rocky”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*stainagaz",
        "t": "stony"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stainagaz (“stony”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "stone",
        "3": "-y"
      },
      "expansion": "stone + -y",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "stany",
        "t": "stony"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots stany (“stony”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "stienich",
        "t": "stony"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian stienich (“stony”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "stenig",
        "t": "stony, metalled"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch stenig (“stony, metalled”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "steinig",
        "t": "stony, rocky, gravelly"
      },
      "expansion": "German steinig (“stony, rocky, gravelly”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "stenig",
        "t": "stony, rocky, pebbly"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish stenig (“stony, rocky, pebbly”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English stony, stoni, stani, from Old English stāniġ, stǣniġ (“stony, rocky”), from Proto-Germanic *stainagaz (“stony”), equivalent to stone + -y. Cognate with Scots stany (“stony”), West Frisian stienich (“stony”), Dutch stenig (“stony, metalled”), German steinig (“stony, rocky, gravelly”), Swedish stenig (“stony, rocky, pebbly”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "stonier",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoniest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "stony (comparative stonier, superlative stoniest)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "soft"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 15 27 12 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 23 29 12 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 11 20 8 20 5 1 1 7 13 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "As hard as stone."
      ],
      "id": "en-stony-en-adj-Z2iHU~5s",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "rock-hard"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "88 9 3 0 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "hard as stone",
          "word": "kivikova"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 9 3 0 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "hard as stone",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pétreo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 9 3 0 0",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "hard as stone",
          "word": "lapideus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 9 3 0 0",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "sangi",
          "sense": "hard as stone",
          "word": "سنگی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 9 3 0 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "hard as stone",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kamienny"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 15 27 12 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 23 29 12 24",
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 11 20 8 20 5 1 1 7 13 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 10 21 7 20 5 1 1 6 16 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a stony path",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 443",
          "text": "The track was stony with a grassy camber up the middle.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Containing or made up of stones."
      ],
      "id": "en-stony-en-adj-OhXbG-OA",
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "pebbly"
        },
        {
          "word": "rocky"
        },
        {
          "word": "shingly"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "kamenist",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "каменист"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "stenet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "kivinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "kallioinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "steinern"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "got",
          "lang": "Gothic",
          "roman": "stainahs",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍃"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "petrṓdēs",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "πετρώδης"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "köves"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "grýttur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "saxōsus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "lapidosus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "lb",
          "lang": "Luxembourgish",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "stengeg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "steinete"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "steinete"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "non",
          "lang": "Old Norse",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "grjót"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "sangdâr",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "سنگدار"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kamienisty"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pedroso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 72 6 8 4",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "containing stones",
          "word": "stenig"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "passionate"
        },
        {
          "word": "warm"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 15 27 12 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 23 29 12 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 11 20 8 20 5 1 1 7 13 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 10 19 8 20 5 1 1 7 16 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 10 21 7 20 5 1 1 6 16 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2012 March 19, David Denby, “Everybody Comes to Rick’s: “Casablanca” on the Big Screen”, in The New Yorker",
          "text": "When Victor Laszlo leads the demoralized French in the “Marseilles,” and even Yvonne, the chippy who is sleeping with a Nazi officer, joins in, the stoniest intellectual collapses in tears.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of a person, lacking warmth and emotion."
      ],
      "id": "en-stony-en-adj-0YBTv8WT",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Of a person, lacking warmth and emotion."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cold"
        },
        {
          "word": "cool"
        },
        {
          "word": "hard-hearted"
        },
        {
          "word": "heartless"
        },
        {
          "word": "impassive"
        },
        {
          "word": "unemotional"
        },
        {
          "word": "unfeeling"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "hladen",
          "sense": "of a person",
          "word": "хладен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "bezrazličen",
          "sense": "of a person",
          "word": "безразличен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "of a person",
          "word": "froid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "of a person",
          "word": "sec"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "of a person",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "frío"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "sangdel",
          "sense": "of a person",
          "word": "سنگدل"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "welcoming"
        },
        {
          "word": "warm"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 15 27 12 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 23 29 12 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "She gave him a stony reception.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1977 April 9, “Mailer Mauls \"Perverts\"”, in Gay Community News, page 2",
          "text": "The Oscar-thrilled audience reacted to Mailer's attempt at humor in stony silence.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of an action or expression such as a look, showing no warmth of emotion."
      ],
      "id": "en-stony-en-adj-kLHhfTJm",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Of an action or expression such as a look, showing no warmth of emotion."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cold"
        },
        {
          "word": "cool"
        },
        {
          "word": "frosty"
        },
        {
          "word": "unwelcoming"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "of an action",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "duro"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "without any money",
          "word": "stony broke"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Australian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 15 27 12 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 23 29 12 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 11 20 8 20 5 1 1 7 13 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 10 19 8 20 5 1 1 7 16 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 10 21 7 20 5 1 1 6 16 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for stony broke: without any money."
      ],
      "id": "en-stony-en-adj-~lz0rHB5",
      "links": [
        [
          "stony broke",
          "stony broke#English"
        ],
        [
          "any",
          "any"
        ],
        [
          "money",
          "money"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(UK and Australia, slang) Short for stony broke: without any money."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "impoverished"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "UK",
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstəʊni/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstoʊni/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊni"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-stony.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/En-au-stony.ogg/En-au-stony.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/En-au-stony.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "stoney"
    }
  ],
  "word": "stony"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms suffixed with -y",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -y",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊni",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊni/2 syllables",
    "enm:Emotions"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "fall on stony ground"
    },
    {
      "word": "stonily"
    },
    {
      "word": "stoniness"
    },
    {
      "word": "stony-broke"
    },
    {
      "word": "stony coral"
    },
    {
      "word": "stony-faced"
    },
    {
      "word": "stonyhearted"
    },
    {
      "word": "stony iron"
    },
    {
      "word": "stony-iron"
    },
    {
      "word": "Stony Stratford"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "stony"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English stony",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "stoni"
      },
      "expansion": "stoni",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "stani"
      },
      "expansion": "stani",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "stāniġ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English stāniġ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "stǣniġ",
        "t": "stony, rocky"
      },
      "expansion": "stǣniġ (“stony, rocky”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*stainagaz",
        "t": "stony"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stainagaz (“stony”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "stone",
        "3": "-y"
      },
      "expansion": "stone + -y",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "stany",
        "t": "stony"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots stany (“stony”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "stienich",
        "t": "stony"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian stienich (“stony”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "stenig",
        "t": "stony, metalled"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch stenig (“stony, metalled”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "steinig",
        "t": "stony, rocky, gravelly"
      },
      "expansion": "German steinig (“stony, rocky, gravelly”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "stenig",
        "t": "stony, rocky, pebbly"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish stenig (“stony, rocky, pebbly”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English stony, stoni, stani, from Old English stāniġ, stǣniġ (“stony, rocky”), from Proto-Germanic *stainagaz (“stony”), equivalent to stone + -y. Cognate with Scots stany (“stony”), West Frisian stienich (“stony”), Dutch stenig (“stony, metalled”), German steinig (“stony, rocky, gravelly”), Swedish stenig (“stony, rocky, pebbly”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "stonier",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stoniest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "stony (comparative stonier, superlative stoniest)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "soft"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "As hard as stone."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "rock-hard"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a stony path",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 443",
          "text": "The track was stony with a grassy camber up the middle.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Containing or made up of stones."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "pebbly"
        },
        {
          "word": "rocky"
        },
        {
          "word": "shingly"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "passionate"
        },
        {
          "word": "warm"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2012 March 19, David Denby, “Everybody Comes to Rick’s: “Casablanca” on the Big Screen”, in The New Yorker",
          "text": "When Victor Laszlo leads the demoralized French in the “Marseilles,” and even Yvonne, the chippy who is sleeping with a Nazi officer, joins in, the stoniest intellectual collapses in tears.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of a person, lacking warmth and emotion."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Of a person, lacking warmth and emotion."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cold"
        },
        {
          "word": "cool"
        },
        {
          "word": "hard-hearted"
        },
        {
          "word": "heartless"
        },
        {
          "word": "impassive"
        },
        {
          "word": "unemotional"
        },
        {
          "word": "unfeeling"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "welcoming"
        },
        {
          "word": "warm"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "She gave him a stony reception.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1977 April 9, “Mailer Mauls \"Perverts\"”, in Gay Community News, page 2",
          "text": "The Oscar-thrilled audience reacted to Mailer's attempt at humor in stony silence.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of an action or expression such as a look, showing no warmth of emotion."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Of an action or expression such as a look, showing no warmth of emotion."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cold"
        },
        {
          "word": "cool"
        },
        {
          "word": "frosty"
        },
        {
          "word": "unwelcoming"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "without any money",
          "word": "stony broke"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Australian English",
        "British English",
        "English short forms",
        "English slang"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for stony broke: without any money."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stony broke",
          "stony broke#English"
        ],
        [
          "any",
          "any"
        ],
        [
          "money",
          "money"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(UK and Australia, slang) Short for stony broke: without any money."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "impoverished"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "UK",
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstəʊni/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstoʊni/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊni"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-stony.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/En-au-stony.ogg/En-au-stony.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/En-au-stony.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "stoney"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "hard as stone",
      "word": "kivikova"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "hard as stone",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pétreo"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "hard as stone",
      "word": "lapideus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "sangi",
      "sense": "hard as stone",
      "word": "سنگی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "hard as stone",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kamienny"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "kamenist",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "каменист"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "stenet"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "kivinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "kallioinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "steinern"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "roman": "stainahs",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍃"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "petrṓdēs",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "πετρώδης"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "köves"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "grýttur"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "saxōsus"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "lapidosus"
    },
    {
      "code": "lb",
      "lang": "Luxembourgish",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "stengeg"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "steinete"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "steinete"
    },
    {
      "code": "non",
      "lang": "Old Norse",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "grjót"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "sangdâr",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "سنگدار"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kamienisty"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pedroso"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "containing stones",
      "word": "stenig"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "hladen",
      "sense": "of a person",
      "word": "хладен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "bezrazličen",
      "sense": "of a person",
      "word": "безразличен"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "of a person",
      "word": "froid"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "of a person",
      "word": "sec"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "of a person",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "frío"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "sangdel",
      "sense": "of a person",
      "word": "سنگدل"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "of an action",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "duro"
    }
  ],
  "word": "stony"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.