See grim in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for grim meaning in English (21.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grim-gram"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grimly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grimmish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grimness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Grim Reaper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grimsome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grim trigger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "it's grim up north"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "like grim death"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grim"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grim",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grimm"
},
"expansion": "Old English grimm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grimm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grimm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grimmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grimmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-",
"t": "to resound, thunder, grumble, roar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grim, from Old English grimm, from Proto-West Germanic *grimm, from Proto-Germanic *grimmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grimmer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "grimmest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grimmer"
},
"expansion": "grim (comparative grimmer, superlative grimmest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Life was grim in many northern industrial towns.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2019 August 30, Jonathan Watts, “Amazon fires show world heading for point of no return, says UN”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Cristiana Paşca Palmer, the executive secretary of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, said the destruction of the world’s biggest rainforest was a grim reminder that a fresh approach needed to stabilise the climate and prevent ecosystems from declining to a point of no return, with dire consequences for humanity.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3",
"text": "It's been a grim start to the year.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding."
],
"id": "en-grim-en-adj-OmCxKPu7",
"links": [
[
"Dismal",
"dismal"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"forbidding",
"forbidding"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strog",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "строг"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "surov",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "суров"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neprivetliv",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "неприветлив"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "sinistre"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "ombrívol"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "obac"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "chmurný"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "krušný"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "depresivní"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grimmig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "synkeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "sinistre"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grimmig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "finster"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "goh",
"lang": "Old High German",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grim"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "goh",
"lang": "Old High German",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grimmi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "agúm",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "עגום"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "zord"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "arcigno"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "fosco"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "torvus"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "mōkinokino"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sévéthe"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grimm"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grimr"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "osx",
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grim"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "ponury"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "sinistro"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mráčnyj",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "мра́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pošmúrny"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "neprívetivý"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "siniestro"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "sombrío"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grådaskig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 2 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "kylig"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His grim determination enabled him to win.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rigid and unrelenting."
],
"id": "en-grim-en-adj-5gSJja-g",
"links": [
[
"Rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"unrelenting",
"unrelenting"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neumolim",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "неумолим"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepreklonen",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "непреклонен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "rígid"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "synkeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "inébranlable"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "indéfectible"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "rigide"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "unbeugsam"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "unnachgiebig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "eisern"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "dorrga"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "tenace"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "grimm"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "nieubłagany"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "srogi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "rígido"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "austero"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nepreklónnyj",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "непрекло́нный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rigido"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 1 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "stenhård"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A grim castle overshadowed the village.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012 March 22, Scott Tobias, “The Hunger Games”, in AV Club",
"text": "In movie terms, it suggests Paul Verhoeven in Robocop/Starship Troopers mode, an R-rated bloodbath where the grim spectacle of children murdering each other on television is bread-and-circuses for the age of reality TV, enforced by a totalitarian regime to keep the masses at bay.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ghastly or sinister."
],
"id": "en-grim-en-adj-HGr9aRgO",
"links": [
[
"Ghastly",
"ghastly"
],
[
"sinister",
"sinister"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mračen",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "мрачен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zlovešt",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "зловещ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "sinistre"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "espectral"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "dyster"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "synkeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "sinistre"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "déprimant"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "triste"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sasṭiḳi",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "სასტიკი"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "gruselig"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "norá",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "נורא"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tetro"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sinistro"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "grimm"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sinistro"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mráčnyj",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "мра́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zlovéščij",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "злове́щий"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "siniestro"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 92 1 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "kuslig"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "– Wanna see the dead rat I found in my fridge?\n– Mate, that is grim!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Disgusting; gross."
],
"id": "en-grim-en-adj-TxQRgKHJ",
"links": [
[
"Disgusting",
"disgusting"
],
[
"gross",
"gross"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Fierce, cruel, furious."
],
"id": "en-grim-en-adj-PMu90ZPr",
"links": [
[
"Fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"furious",
"furious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Fierce, cruel, furious."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɪm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grim.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg/En-us-grim.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "grim"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grim"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grim",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grimm"
},
"expansion": "Old English grimm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grimm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grimm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grimmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grimmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-",
"t": "to resound, thunder, grumble, roar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grim, from Old English grimm, from Proto-West Germanic *grimm, from Proto-Germanic *grimmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grims",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grimming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grimmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grimmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grim (third-person singular simple present grims, present participle grimming, simple past and past participle grimmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make grim; to give a stern or forbidding aspect to."
],
"id": "en-grim-en-verb-ojIKV5Ut",
"links": [
[
"stern",
"stern"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) To make grim; to give a stern or forbidding aspect to."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɪm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grim.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg/En-us-grim.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "grim"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grim"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grim",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grimm"
},
"expansion": "Old English grimm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grimm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grimm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grimmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grimmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-",
"t": "to resound, thunder, grumble, roar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grim, from Old English grimm, from Proto-West Germanic *grimm, from Proto-Germanic *grimmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grims",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grim (plural grims)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Multicultural London English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 2 5 5 41 24 11 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006 July 1, “Grim” (track 8), in Wiley (lyrics), Eskiboy: Da 2nd Phaze",
"text": "You got a new girl and she looks choong (Choong)\nBut you didn't know your girl was a grim\n[…]\nYour girl she's a grim, I wouldn't have no grim as my ting",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A promiscuous woman."
],
"id": "en-grim-en-noun-QGDnoNda",
"links": [
[
"promiscuous",
"promiscuous"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"qualifier": "probably a fashionable word around 2006",
"raw_glosses": [
"(MLE, slang, probably a fashionable word around 2006, now dated) A promiscuous woman."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "promiscuous woman"
}
],
"tags": [
"Multicultural-London-English",
"dated",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɪm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grim.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg/En-us-grim.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "grim"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grimful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grimless"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grim"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grim",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grym"
},
"expansion": "grym",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "greme"
},
"expansion": "greme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*grimu"
},
"expansion": "Old English *grimu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*grimmu"
},
"expansion": "*grimmu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grima"
},
"expansion": "grima",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grimmį̄",
"t": "anger, wrath"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grimmį̄ (“anger, wrath”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-",
"t": "to resound, thunder, grumble, roar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grimme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch grimme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "grimme",
"g": "f",
"t": "anger"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German grimme f (“anger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Grimm",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "German Grimm m",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grim, grym, greme, from Old English *grimu, *grimmu, grima, from Proto-Germanic *grimmį̄ (“anger, wrath”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”). Cognate with Middle Dutch grimme, Middle High German grimme f (“anger”), modern German Grimm m.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grims",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "grim (countable and uncountable, plural grims)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Anger, wrath."
],
"id": "en-grim-en-noun-XM1UQvPw",
"links": [
[
"Anger",
"anger"
],
[
"wrath",
"wrath"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Anger, wrath."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A specter, ghost, haunting spirit."
],
"id": "en-grim-en-noun-z37f~VwE",
"links": [
[
"specter",
"specter"
],
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A specter, ghost, haunting spirit."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɪm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grim.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg/En-us-grim.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "grim"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Maori translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɪm",
"Rhymes:English/ɪm/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "grim-gram"
},
{
"word": "grimly"
},
{
"word": "grimmish"
},
{
"word": "grimness"
},
{
"word": "Grim Reaper"
},
{
"word": "grimsome"
},
{
"word": "grim trigger"
},
{
"word": "it's grim up north"
},
{
"word": "like grim death"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grim"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grim",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grimm"
},
"expansion": "Old English grimm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grimm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grimm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grimmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grimmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-",
"t": "to resound, thunder, grumble, roar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grim, from Old English grimm, from Proto-West Germanic *grimm, from Proto-Germanic *grimmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grimmer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "grimmest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grimmer"
},
"expansion": "grim (comparative grimmer, superlative grimmest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Life was grim in many northern industrial towns.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2019 August 30, Jonathan Watts, “Amazon fires show world heading for point of no return, says UN”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Cristiana Paşca Palmer, the executive secretary of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, said the destruction of the world’s biggest rainforest was a grim reminder that a fresh approach needed to stabilise the climate and prevent ecosystems from declining to a point of no return, with dire consequences for humanity.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3",
"text": "It's been a grim start to the year.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding."
],
"links": [
[
"Dismal",
"dismal"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"forbidding",
"forbidding"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His grim determination enabled him to win.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rigid and unrelenting."
],
"links": [
[
"Rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"unrelenting",
"unrelenting"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A grim castle overshadowed the village.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012 March 22, Scott Tobias, “The Hunger Games”, in AV Club",
"text": "In movie terms, it suggests Paul Verhoeven in Robocop/Starship Troopers mode, an R-rated bloodbath where the grim spectacle of children murdering each other on television is bread-and-circuses for the age of reality TV, enforced by a totalitarian regime to keep the masses at bay.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ghastly or sinister."
],
"links": [
[
"Ghastly",
"ghastly"
],
[
"sinister",
"sinister"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "– Wanna see the dead rat I found in my fridge?\n– Mate, that is grim!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Disgusting; gross."
],
"links": [
[
"Disgusting",
"disgusting"
],
[
"gross",
"gross"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Fierce, cruel, furious."
],
"links": [
[
"Fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"furious",
"furious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Fierce, cruel, furious."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɪm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grim.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg/En-us-grim.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strog",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "строг"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "surov",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "суров"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neprivetliv",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "неприветлив"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "sinistre"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "ombrívol"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "obac"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "chmurný"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "krušný"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "depresivní"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grimmig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "synkeä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "sinistre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grimmig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "finster"
},
{
"code": "goh",
"lang": "Old High German",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grim"
},
{
"code": "goh",
"lang": "Old High German",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grimmi"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "agúm",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "עגום"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "zord"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "arcigno"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "fosco"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "torvus"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "mōkinokino"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sévéthe"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grimm"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grimr"
},
{
"code": "osx",
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grim"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "ponury"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "sinistro"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mráčnyj",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "мра́чный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pošmúrny"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "neprívetivý"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "siniestro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "sombrío"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "grådaskig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding",
"word": "kylig"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neumolim",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "неумолим"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepreklonen",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "непреклонен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "rígid"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "synkeä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "inébranlable"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "indéfectible"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "rigide"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "unbeugsam"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "unnachgiebig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "eisern"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "dorrga"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "tenace"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "grimm"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "nieubłagany"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "srogi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "rígido"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "austero"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nepreklónnyj",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "непрекло́нный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rigido"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "rigid and unrelenting",
"word": "stenhård"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mračen",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "мрачен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zlovešt",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "зловещ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "sinistre"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "espectral"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "dyster"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "synkeä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "sinistre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "déprimant"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "triste"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sasṭiḳi",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "სასტიკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "gruselig"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "norá",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "נורא"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tetro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sinistro"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "grimm"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sinistro"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mráčnyj",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "мра́чный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zlovéščij",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "злове́щий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "siniestro"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "ghastly or sinister",
"word": "kuslig"
}
],
"word": "grim"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Maori translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɪm",
"Rhymes:English/ɪm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grim"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grim",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grimm"
},
"expansion": "Old English grimm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grimm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grimm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grimmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grimmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-",
"t": "to resound, thunder, grumble, roar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grim, from Old English grimm, from Proto-West Germanic *grimm, from Proto-Germanic *grimmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grims",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grimming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grimmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grimmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grim (third-person singular simple present grims, present participle grimming, simple past and past participle grimmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make grim; to give a stern or forbidding aspect to."
],
"links": [
[
"stern",
"stern"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) To make grim; to give a stern or forbidding aspect to."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɪm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grim.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg/En-us-grim.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "grim"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Maori translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɪm",
"Rhymes:English/ɪm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grim"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grim",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grimm"
},
"expansion": "Old English grimm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grimm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grimm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grimmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grimmaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-",
"t": "to resound, thunder, grumble, roar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grim, from Old English grimm, from Proto-West Germanic *grimm, from Proto-Germanic *grimmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grims",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grim (plural grims)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"Multicultural London English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006 July 1, “Grim” (track 8), in Wiley (lyrics), Eskiboy: Da 2nd Phaze",
"text": "You got a new girl and she looks choong (Choong)\nBut you didn't know your girl was a grim\n[…]\nYour girl she's a grim, I wouldn't have no grim as my ting",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A promiscuous woman."
],
"links": [
[
"promiscuous",
"promiscuous"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"qualifier": "probably a fashionable word around 2006",
"raw_glosses": [
"(MLE, slang, probably a fashionable word around 2006, now dated) A promiscuous woman."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "promiscuous woman"
}
],
"tags": [
"Multicultural-London-English",
"dated",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɪm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grim.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg/En-us-grim.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "grim"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/ɪm",
"Rhymes:English/ɪm/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "grimful"
},
{
"word": "grimless"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grim"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grim",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grym"
},
"expansion": "grym",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "greme"
},
"expansion": "greme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*grimu"
},
"expansion": "Old English *grimu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*grimmu"
},
"expansion": "*grimmu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grima"
},
"expansion": "grima",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grimmį̄",
"t": "anger, wrath"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grimmį̄ (“anger, wrath”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-",
"t": "to resound, thunder, grumble, roar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grimme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch grimme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "grimme",
"g": "f",
"t": "anger"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German grimme f (“anger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Grimm",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "German Grimm m",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grim, grym, greme, from Old English *grimu, *grimmu, grima, from Proto-Germanic *grimmį̄ (“anger, wrath”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”). Cognate with Middle Dutch grimme, Middle High German grimme f (“anger”), modern German Grimm m.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grims",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "grim (countable and uncountable, plural grims)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Anger, wrath."
],
"links": [
[
"Anger",
"anger"
],
[
"wrath",
"wrath"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Anger, wrath."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A specter, ghost, haunting spirit."
],
"links": [
[
"specter",
"specter"
],
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A specter, ghost, haunting spirit."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɪm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grim.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg/En-us-grim.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/En-us-grim.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "grim"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.