See stout in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for stout meaning in English (28.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "midstout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stouten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stouthearted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stoutish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stoutly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stoutness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stoute"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stoute",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estout",
"t": "brave, fierce, proud"
},
"expansion": "Old French estout (“brave, fierce, proud”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "French",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "stout",
"t": "proud"
},
"expansion": "stout (“proud”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estolt",
"t": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Old French estolt (“strong”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*stolt"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *stolt",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*stult",
"t": "bold, proud"
},
"expansion": "*stult (“bold, proud”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stultaz",
"t": "bold, proud"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stultaz (“bold, proud”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stel-",
"t": "to put, stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, stand”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stout",
"3": "",
"4": "stout, bold, naughty"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stout (“stout, bold, naughty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "stolt",
"3": "",
"4": "stately, proud"
},
"expansion": "Low German stolt (“stately, proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stolz",
"3": "",
"4": "proud, haughty, arrogant, stately"
},
"expansion": "German stolz (“proud, haughty, arrogant, stately”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stoltr",
"3": "",
"4": "proud"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stoltr (“proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stolt",
"3": "",
"4": "proud"
},
"expansion": "Danish stolt (“proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stoltur",
"3": "",
"4": "proud"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stoltur (“proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1386"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1386.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stoute, from Old French estout (“brave, fierce, proud”) (Modern French dialectal stout (“proud”)), from earlier Old French estolt (“strong”), from Frankish *stolt, *stult (“bold, proud”), from Proto-Germanic *stultaz (“bold, proud”), from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, stand”).\nCognate with Dutch stout (“stout, bold, naughty”), Low German stolt (“stately, proud”), German stolz (“proud, haughty, arrogant, stately”), Old Norse stoltr (“proud”) (Danish stolt (“proud”), Icelandic stoltur (“proud”)).\nMeaning \"strong in body, powerfully built\" is attested from First attested in c. 1386., but has been to a large extent displaced by the euphemistic meaning \"thick-bodied, fat and large,\" which is first recorded 1804. Original sense preserved in stout-hearted (1552).\nThe noun \"strong, dark-brown beer\" is first recorded 1677, from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stouter",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "stoutest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "stout (comparative stouter, superlative stoutest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 9 15 12 1 0 4 1 0 15 18 7 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Large; bulky."
],
"id": "en-stout-en-adj-zktWpF1B",
"links": [
[
"bulky",
"bulky"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thickset"
},
{
"word": "corpulent"
},
{
"word": "fat"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "edǎr",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "едър"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pǎlen",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "пълен"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "pönäkkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "tanakka"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "groß"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "korpulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "monokómmatos",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "μονοκόμματος"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "alpartha"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "téagartha"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "crassus"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krúpen",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "кру́пен"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "poln",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "полн"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "pūngerungeru"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "tetere"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "takapū"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "whakahara"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "pukunati"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yoğun",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "یوغون"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "iri",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "ایری"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "forsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tęgi"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corpulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "corpulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 9 3 1 0 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "robusto"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1609, Samuel Daniel, The Civile Wares",
"text": "The lords all stand / To clear their cause, most resolutely stout.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Bold, strong-minded."
],
"id": "en-stout-en-adj-b03vap7j",
"links": [
[
"Bold",
"bold"
],
[
"strong-minded",
"strong-minded"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Bold, strong-minded."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lusty"
},
{
"word": "vigorous"
},
{
"word": "robust"
},
{
"word": "sinewy"
},
{
"word": "muscular"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 82 5 2 0 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "jak",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "як"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 82 5 2 0 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zdrav",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "здрав"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 82 5 2 0 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "jämäkkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 82 5 2 0 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "vanttera"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 82 5 2 0 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "lihaksikas"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 82 5 2 0 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "jak",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "јак"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 82 5 2 0 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "cvrst",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "цврст"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 82 5 2 0 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zdrav",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "здрав"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 82 5 2 0 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigoroso"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 82 5 2 0 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 82 5 2 0 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "fornido"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 82 5 2 0 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "vigoroso"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 82 5 2 0 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "robusto"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 9 15 12 1 0 4 1 0 15 18 7 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 10 13 1 0 3 1 0 20 22 3 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1552, Hugh Latimer, The Fifth Sermon Preached on the Twenty-Fourth Sunday After Trinity, 1552",
"text": "Commonly […] they that be rich are lofty and stout.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Proud; haughty."
],
"id": "en-stout-en-adj-ee1a92lY",
"links": [
[
"Proud",
"proud"
],
[
"haughty",
"haughty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Proud; haughty."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "arrogant"
},
{
"word": "hard"
},
{
"word": "haughty"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 4 85 3 0 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gordeliv",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "горделив"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 85 3 0 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "koppava"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 85 3 0 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "kopea"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 85 3 0 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "ylimielinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 85 3 0 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "stolz"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 85 3 0 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "hochmütig"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 85 3 0 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "überheblich"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 85 3 0 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "górdeliv",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "го́рделив"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 85 3 0 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "altivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 85 3 0 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "orgulloso"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 9 15 12 1 0 4 1 0 15 18 7 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 10 13 1 0 3 1 0 20 22 3 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 September 5, David Hytner, “Raheem Sterling keeps his cool to see off Iceland amid blaze of late drama”, in The Guardian",
"text": "he had reason to be extremely grateful to Sterling, his Manchester City teammate, who won and converted the penalty that appeared to have broken Iceland’s stout resistance.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 June 28, Stephen Roberts, “Bradshaw's Britain: Alton to Exeter”, in RAIL, number 986, page 58",
"text": "So, Andover featured in the Glorious Revolution, which involved the deposition of Catholic fraterniser James II and his replacement by stout Protestants William and Mary.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Firm; resolute; dauntless."
],
"id": "en-stout-en-adj-9cTr2WOi",
"links": [
[
"Firm",
"firm"
],
[
"resolute",
"resolute"
],
[
"dauntless",
"dauntless"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 9 5 66 2 16",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tvǎrd",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "твърд"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 5 66 2 16",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "uporit",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "упорит"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 5 66 2 16",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "päättäväinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 5 66 2 16",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "luja"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 5 66 2 16",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "fest"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 5 66 2 16",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "resolut"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 5 66 2 16",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "cvrst",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "цврст"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 5 66 2 16",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tvrd",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "тврд"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 5 66 2 16",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "manawanui"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 5 66 2 16",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "próčnyj",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "про́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 5 66 2 16",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krépkij",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "кре́пкий"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Campers prefer stout vessels, sticks and cloth.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad",
"text": "Nothing could be more business-like than the construction of the stout dams, and nothing more gently rural than the limpid lakes, with the grand old forest trees marshalled round their margins … .",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Materially strong, enduring."
],
"id": "en-stout-en-adj-DAeQGnMd",
"links": [
[
"enduring",
"enduring"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 13 0 4 83 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "traen",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "траен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 13 0 4 83 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izdrǎžliv",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "издръжлив"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 13 0 4 83 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "robuust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 13 0 4 83 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "tukeva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 13 0 4 83 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "kestävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 13 0 4 83 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "jämerä"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 13 0 4 83 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "järeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 13 0 4 83 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "tanakka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 13 0 4 83 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "stabil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 13 0 4 83 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "fest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 13 0 4 83 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 13 0 4 83 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "téagartha"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 13 0 4 83 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tráen",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "тра́ен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 13 0 4 83 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ízdržliv",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "и́здржлив"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 13 0 4 83 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "resistente"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Obstinate."
],
"id": "en-stout-en-adj-lekyj31Y",
"links": [
[
"Obstinate",
"obstinate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/staʊt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stʌʊt/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊt"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stout.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg/En-us-stout.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "stout"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "breakfast stout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "double stout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Imperial stout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "invalid stout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "milk stout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pastry stout"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stoute"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stoute",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estout",
"t": "brave, fierce, proud"
},
"expansion": "Old French estout (“brave, fierce, proud”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "French",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "stout",
"t": "proud"
},
"expansion": "stout (“proud”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estolt",
"t": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Old French estolt (“strong”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*stolt"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *stolt",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*stult",
"t": "bold, proud"
},
"expansion": "*stult (“bold, proud”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stultaz",
"t": "bold, proud"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stultaz (“bold, proud”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stel-",
"t": "to put, stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, stand”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stout",
"3": "",
"4": "stout, bold, naughty"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stout (“stout, bold, naughty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "stolt",
"3": "",
"4": "stately, proud"
},
"expansion": "Low German stolt (“stately, proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stolz",
"3": "",
"4": "proud, haughty, arrogant, stately"
},
"expansion": "German stolz (“proud, haughty, arrogant, stately”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stoltr",
"3": "",
"4": "proud"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stoltr (“proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stolt",
"3": "",
"4": "proud"
},
"expansion": "Danish stolt (“proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stoltur",
"3": "",
"4": "proud"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stoltur (“proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1386"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1386.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stoute, from Old French estout (“brave, fierce, proud”) (Modern French dialectal stout (“proud”)), from earlier Old French estolt (“strong”), from Frankish *stolt, *stult (“bold, proud”), from Proto-Germanic *stultaz (“bold, proud”), from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, stand”).\nCognate with Dutch stout (“stout, bold, naughty”), Low German stolt (“stately, proud”), German stolz (“proud, haughty, arrogant, stately”), Old Norse stoltr (“proud”) (Danish stolt (“proud”), Icelandic stoltur (“proud”)).\nMeaning \"strong in body, powerfully built\" is attested from First attested in c. 1386., but has been to a large extent displaced by the euphemistic meaning \"thick-bodied, fat and large,\" which is first recorded 1804. Original sense preserved in stout-hearted (1552).\nThe noun \"strong, dark-brown beer\" is first recorded 1677, from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stout",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "the malt brew stout",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "stouts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stout (plural stouts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Beer",
"orig": "en:Beer",
"parents": [
"Alcoholic beverages",
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: porter"
},
{
"text": "Stout is darker, stronger and sweeter than porter beer.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dark and strong malt brew made with toasted grain."
],
"id": "en-stout-en-noun-UQjfp1HO",
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"malt",
"malt"
],
[
"brew",
"brew"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(beer) A dark and strong malt brew made with toasted grain."
],
"topics": [
"beer",
"beverages",
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "brew",
"word": "stout"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "brew",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stoutbier"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "brew",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stout"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "brew",
"word": "stout"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "brew",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stout"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "brew",
"word": "malátasör"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "brew",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leann dubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "jáko témno pívo",
"sense": "brew",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ја́ко те́мно пи́во"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "brew",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cwrw du"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1946, Printers' Ink",
"text": "Incidentally the survey pointed up the sad plight of the stylish stouts, today's “forgotten men.” The clothing situation is getting so critical for them that they may have to choose between eating and dressing.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An obese person."
],
"id": "en-stout-en-noun-TmMKiT07",
"links": [
[
"obese",
"obese"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "debelak",
"sense": "obese person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дебелак"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obese person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dikkerd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obese person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dikzak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obese person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vetzak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "obese person",
"word": "punkero"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "débelko",
"sense": "obese person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "де́белко"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1918, Isidor Rosenfeld, The Practical Designer for Women's and Misses' Underwear - The Study of the Stout Form\nThe all-around waist is increased or over-built, according to size, which makes this form a stout."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A large clothing size."
],
"id": "en-stout-en-noun-6bQkh3Rt",
"links": [
[
"clothing",
"clothing"
],
[
"size",
"size"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "large clothing size",
"word": "grotemaat (kleding)"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/staʊt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stʌʊt/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊt"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stout.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg/En-us-stout.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "stout"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stouten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stouten",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stouten, from the adjective (see above).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stouts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stouting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stouted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stouted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stout (third-person singular simple present stouts, present participle stouting, simple past and past participle stouted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To be bold or defiant."
],
"id": "en-stout-en-verb-dhId2neY",
"links": [
[
"bold",
"bold"
],
[
"defiant",
"defiant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) To be bold or defiant."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To persist, endure."
],
"id": "en-stout-en-verb-lwJjJZDL",
"links": [
[
"persist",
"persist"
],
[
"endure",
"endure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, dialectal) To persist, endure."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brook"
},
{
"word": "thole"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/staʊt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stʌʊt/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊt"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stout.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg/En-us-stout.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "stout"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "stoat-fly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stout"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stout",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stūt",
"t": "gnat; midge"
},
"expansion": "Old English stūt (“gnat; midge”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stout, from Old English stūt (“gnat; midge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stouts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stout (plural stouts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 9 15 12 1 0 4 1 0 15 18 7 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 10 13 1 0 3 1 0 20 22 3 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 12 11 0 0 2 1 1 33 19 4 1 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dipterans",
"orig": "en:Dipterans",
"parents": [
"Insects",
"Arthropods",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 3 10 9 0 0 2 1 1 31 30 3 1 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Horseflies",
"orig": "en:Horseflies",
"parents": [
"Dipterans",
"Insects",
"Arthropods",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gnat."
],
"id": "en-stout-en-noun-EYbQ629n",
"links": [
[
"Gnat",
"gnat"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "midge"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 9 15 12 1 0 4 1 0 15 18 7 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 10 13 1 0 3 1 0 20 22 3 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 3 10 9 0 0 2 1 1 31 30 3 1 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Horseflies",
"orig": "en:Horseflies",
"parents": [
"Dipterans",
"Insects",
"Arthropods",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gadfly."
],
"id": "en-stout-en-noun-ZqU~jBTe",
"links": [
[
"Gadfly",
"gadfly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "horsefly"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Firefly or miller (moth)."
],
"id": "en-stout-en-noun-k8dMNFP~",
"links": [
[
"Firefly",
"firefly"
],
[
"miller",
"miller"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) Firefly or miller (moth)."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/staʊt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stʌʊt/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊt"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stout.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg/En-us-stout.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "stoat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "stut"
}
],
"word": "stout"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/aʊt",
"Rhymes:English/aʊt/1 syllable",
"en:Dipterans",
"en:Horseflies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "midstout"
},
{
"word": "stouten"
},
{
"word": "stouthearted"
},
{
"word": "stoutish"
},
{
"word": "stoutly"
},
{
"word": "stoutness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stoute"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stoute",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estout",
"t": "brave, fierce, proud"
},
"expansion": "Old French estout (“brave, fierce, proud”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "French",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "stout",
"t": "proud"
},
"expansion": "stout (“proud”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estolt",
"t": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Old French estolt (“strong”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*stolt"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *stolt",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*stult",
"t": "bold, proud"
},
"expansion": "*stult (“bold, proud”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stultaz",
"t": "bold, proud"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stultaz (“bold, proud”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stel-",
"t": "to put, stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, stand”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stout",
"3": "",
"4": "stout, bold, naughty"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stout (“stout, bold, naughty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "stolt",
"3": "",
"4": "stately, proud"
},
"expansion": "Low German stolt (“stately, proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stolz",
"3": "",
"4": "proud, haughty, arrogant, stately"
},
"expansion": "German stolz (“proud, haughty, arrogant, stately”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stoltr",
"3": "",
"4": "proud"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stoltr (“proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stolt",
"3": "",
"4": "proud"
},
"expansion": "Danish stolt (“proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stoltur",
"3": "",
"4": "proud"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stoltur (“proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1386"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1386.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stoute, from Old French estout (“brave, fierce, proud”) (Modern French dialectal stout (“proud”)), from earlier Old French estolt (“strong”), from Frankish *stolt, *stult (“bold, proud”), from Proto-Germanic *stultaz (“bold, proud”), from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, stand”).\nCognate with Dutch stout (“stout, bold, naughty”), Low German stolt (“stately, proud”), German stolz (“proud, haughty, arrogant, stately”), Old Norse stoltr (“proud”) (Danish stolt (“proud”), Icelandic stoltur (“proud”)).\nMeaning \"strong in body, powerfully built\" is attested from First attested in c. 1386., but has been to a large extent displaced by the euphemistic meaning \"thick-bodied, fat and large,\" which is first recorded 1804. Original sense preserved in stout-hearted (1552).\nThe noun \"strong, dark-brown beer\" is first recorded 1677, from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stouter",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "stoutest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "stout (comparative stouter, superlative stoutest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Large; bulky."
],
"links": [
[
"bulky",
"bulky"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thickset"
},
{
"word": "corpulent"
},
{
"word": "fat"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1609, Samuel Daniel, The Civile Wares",
"text": "The lords all stand / To clear their cause, most resolutely stout.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Bold, strong-minded."
],
"links": [
[
"Bold",
"bold"
],
[
"strong-minded",
"strong-minded"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Bold, strong-minded."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lusty"
},
{
"word": "vigorous"
},
{
"word": "robust"
},
{
"word": "sinewy"
},
{
"word": "muscular"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1552, Hugh Latimer, The Fifth Sermon Preached on the Twenty-Fourth Sunday After Trinity, 1552",
"text": "Commonly […] they that be rich are lofty and stout.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Proud; haughty."
],
"links": [
[
"Proud",
"proud"
],
[
"haughty",
"haughty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Proud; haughty."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "arrogant"
},
{
"word": "hard"
},
{
"word": "haughty"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 September 5, David Hytner, “Raheem Sterling keeps his cool to see off Iceland amid blaze of late drama”, in The Guardian",
"text": "he had reason to be extremely grateful to Sterling, his Manchester City teammate, who won and converted the penalty that appeared to have broken Iceland’s stout resistance.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 June 28, Stephen Roberts, “Bradshaw's Britain: Alton to Exeter”, in RAIL, number 986, page 58",
"text": "So, Andover featured in the Glorious Revolution, which involved the deposition of Catholic fraterniser James II and his replacement by stout Protestants William and Mary.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Firm; resolute; dauntless."
],
"links": [
[
"Firm",
"firm"
],
[
"resolute",
"resolute"
],
[
"dauntless",
"dauntless"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Campers prefer stout vessels, sticks and cloth.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad",
"text": "Nothing could be more business-like than the construction of the stout dams, and nothing more gently rural than the limpid lakes, with the grand old forest trees marshalled round their margins … .",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Materially strong, enduring."
],
"links": [
[
"enduring",
"enduring"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Obstinate."
],
"links": [
[
"Obstinate",
"obstinate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/staʊt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stʌʊt/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊt"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stout.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg/En-us-stout.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "edǎr",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "едър"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pǎlen",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "пълен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "pönäkkä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "tanakka"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "groß"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "korpulent"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "monokómmatos",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "μονοκόμματος"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "alpartha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "téagartha"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "crassus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krúpen",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "кру́пен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "poln",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "полн"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "pūngerungeru"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "tetere"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "takapū"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "whakahara"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "pukunati"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yoğun",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "یوغون"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "iri",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "ایری"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "forsch"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tęgi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corpulento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "corpulento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "large, bulky, corpulent",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "jak",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "як"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zdrav",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "здрав"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "jämäkkä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "vanttera"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "lihaksikas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "jak",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "јак"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "cvrst",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "цврст"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zdrav",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "здрав"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigoroso"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "fornido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "vigoroso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lusty, vigorous",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gordeliv",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "горделив"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "koppava"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "kopea"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "ylimielinen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "stolz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "hochmütig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "überheblich"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "górdeliv",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "го́рделив"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "altivo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "proud, haughty",
"word": "orgulloso"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tvǎrd",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "твърд"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "uporit",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "упорит"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "päättäväinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "luja"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "fest"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "resolut"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "cvrst",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "цврст"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tvrd",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "тврд"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "manawanui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "próčnyj",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "про́чный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krépkij",
"sense": "firm, resolute",
"word": "кре́пкий"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "traen",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "траен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izdrǎžliv",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "издръжлив"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "robuust"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "tukeva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "kestävä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "jämerä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "järeä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "tanakka"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "stabil"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "fest"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "téagartha"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tráen",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "тра́ен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ízdržliv",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "и́здржлив"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "materially strong",
"word": "resistente"
}
],
"word": "stout"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/aʊt",
"Rhymes:English/aʊt/1 syllable",
"en:Dipterans",
"en:Horseflies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "breakfast stout"
},
{
"word": "double stout"
},
{
"word": "Imperial stout"
},
{
"word": "invalid stout"
},
{
"word": "milk stout"
},
{
"word": "pastry stout"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stoute"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stoute",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estout",
"t": "brave, fierce, proud"
},
"expansion": "Old French estout (“brave, fierce, proud”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "French",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "stout",
"t": "proud"
},
"expansion": "stout (“proud”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estolt",
"t": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Old French estolt (“strong”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*stolt"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *stolt",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*stult",
"t": "bold, proud"
},
"expansion": "*stult (“bold, proud”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stultaz",
"t": "bold, proud"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stultaz (“bold, proud”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stel-",
"t": "to put, stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, stand”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stout",
"3": "",
"4": "stout, bold, naughty"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stout (“stout, bold, naughty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "stolt",
"3": "",
"4": "stately, proud"
},
"expansion": "Low German stolt (“stately, proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stolz",
"3": "",
"4": "proud, haughty, arrogant, stately"
},
"expansion": "German stolz (“proud, haughty, arrogant, stately”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stoltr",
"3": "",
"4": "proud"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stoltr (“proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stolt",
"3": "",
"4": "proud"
},
"expansion": "Danish stolt (“proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stoltur",
"3": "",
"4": "proud"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stoltur (“proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1386"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1386.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stoute, from Old French estout (“brave, fierce, proud”) (Modern French dialectal stout (“proud”)), from earlier Old French estolt (“strong”), from Frankish *stolt, *stult (“bold, proud”), from Proto-Germanic *stultaz (“bold, proud”), from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, stand”).\nCognate with Dutch stout (“stout, bold, naughty”), Low German stolt (“stately, proud”), German stolz (“proud, haughty, arrogant, stately”), Old Norse stoltr (“proud”) (Danish stolt (“proud”), Icelandic stoltur (“proud”)).\nMeaning \"strong in body, powerfully built\" is attested from First attested in c. 1386., but has been to a large extent displaced by the euphemistic meaning \"thick-bodied, fat and large,\" which is first recorded 1804. Original sense preserved in stout-hearted (1552).\nThe noun \"strong, dark-brown beer\" is first recorded 1677, from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stout",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "the malt brew stout",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "stouts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stout (plural stouts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Beer"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: porter"
},
{
"text": "Stout is darker, stronger and sweeter than porter beer.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dark and strong malt brew made with toasted grain."
],
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"malt",
"malt"
],
[
"brew",
"brew"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(beer) A dark and strong malt brew made with toasted grain."
],
"topics": [
"beer",
"beverages",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1946, Printers' Ink",
"text": "Incidentally the survey pointed up the sad plight of the stylish stouts, today's “forgotten men.” The clothing situation is getting so critical for them that they may have to choose between eating and dressing.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An obese person."
],
"links": [
[
"obese",
"obese"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1918, Isidor Rosenfeld, The Practical Designer for Women's and Misses' Underwear - The Study of the Stout Form\nThe all-around waist is increased or over-built, according to size, which makes this form a stout."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A large clothing size."
],
"links": [
[
"clothing",
"clothing"
],
[
"size",
"size"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/staʊt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stʌʊt/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊt"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stout.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg/En-us-stout.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "brew",
"word": "stout"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "brew",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stoutbier"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "brew",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stout"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "brew",
"word": "stout"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "brew",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stout"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "brew",
"word": "malátasör"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "brew",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leann dubh"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "jáko témno pívo",
"sense": "brew",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ја́ко те́мно пи́во"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "brew",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cwrw du"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "debelak",
"sense": "obese person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дебелак"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obese person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dikkerd"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obese person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dikzak"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "obese person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vetzak"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "obese person",
"word": "punkero"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "débelko",
"sense": "obese person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "де́белко"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "large clothing size",
"word": "grotemaat (kleding)"
}
],
"word": "stout"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aʊt",
"Rhymes:English/aʊt/1 syllable",
"en:Dipterans",
"en:Horseflies"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stouten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stouten",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stouten, from the adjective (see above).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stouts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stouting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stouted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stouted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stout (third-person singular simple present stouts, present participle stouting, simple past and past participle stouted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To be bold or defiant."
],
"links": [
[
"bold",
"bold"
],
[
"defiant",
"defiant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) To be bold or defiant."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To persist, endure."
],
"links": [
[
"persist",
"persist"
],
[
"endure",
"endure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, dialectal) To persist, endure."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brook"
},
{
"word": "thole"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/staʊt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stʌʊt/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊt"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stout.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg/En-us-stout.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "stout"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/aʊt",
"Rhymes:English/aʊt/1 syllable",
"en:Dipterans",
"en:Horseflies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "stoat-fly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stout"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stout",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stūt",
"t": "gnat; midge"
},
"expansion": "Old English stūt (“gnat; midge”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stout, from Old English stūt (“gnat; midge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stouts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stout (plural stouts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Gnat."
],
"links": [
[
"Gnat",
"gnat"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "midge"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Gadfly."
],
"links": [
[
"Gadfly",
"gadfly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "horsefly"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Firefly or miller (moth)."
],
"links": [
[
"Firefly",
"firefly"
],
[
"miller",
"miller"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) Firefly or miller (moth)."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/staʊt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stʌʊt/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊt"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stout.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg/En-us-stout.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/En-us-stout.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stoat"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "stut"
}
],
"word": "stout"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Welsh: 'cwrw du', originally 'cwrw du m'",
"path": [
"stout"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "stout",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.