"robust" meaning in English

See robust in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ɹəʊˈbʌst/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ɹəˈbʌst/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ɹoʊˈbʌst/ [General-American] Audio: en-uk-robust.ogg [UK], LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-robust.wav [UK] Forms: robuster [comparative], more robust [comparative], robustest [superlative], most robust [superlative]
Rhymes: -ʌst Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin rōbustus. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-|*-tós}}, {{lbor|en|la|rōbustus}} Learned borrowing from Latin rōbustus Head templates: {{en-adj|er|more}} robust (comparative robuster or more robust, superlative robustest or most robust)
  1. Evincing strength and health; strong; (often, especially) both large and healthy. Translations (evincing strength): ardhangët (Albanian), як (jak) (Bulgarian), здрав (zdrav) (Bulgarian), силен (silen) (Bulgarian), robust (Catalan), robuust (Dutch), degelijk (Dutch), jykevä (Finnish), vankka (Finnish), roteva (Finnish), vahva (Finnish), robusti (Finnish), robuste (French), robusto (Galician), rufo (Galician), robust (German), ρωμαλέος (romaléos) (Greek), חסון (chason) (Hebrew), איתן (ētán) (Hebrew), robusztus (Hungarian), erős (Hungarian), erőteljes (Hungarian), masszív (Hungarian), szilárd (Hungarian), robusta (Ido), urrúnta (Irish), robusto (Italian), rōbustus (Latin), си́лен (sílen) (Macedonian), здрав (zdrav) (Macedonian), јак (jak) (Macedonian), цврст (cvrst) (Macedonian), ruarangi (Maori), hiwa (english: referring to growth) (Maori), whakapūioio (Maori), tōtōpū (note: of solid quality) (Maori), бөх (böx) (Mongolian), frîngant (Norman), robust (Norwegian Bokmål), robust (Norwegian Nynorsk), krzepki (Polish), silny (Polish), rozrosły (Polish), czerstwy (Polish), wysportowany (Polish), robusto (Portuguese), nanaq (Quechua), robust (Romanian), puternic (Romanian), vânjos (Romanian), кре́пкий (krépkij) (Russian), здоро́вый (zdoróvyj) (Russian), làidir (Scottish Gaelic), robústen (Slovene), robusto (Spanish), robust (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-robust-en-adj-pw~dVYk5 Categories (other): English links with manual fragments Disambiguation of 'evincing strength': 44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4
  2. Violent; rough; rude.
    Sense id: en-robust-en-adj-tj8S9ld1
  3. Requiring strength or vigor.
    Sense id: en-robust-en-adj-xsdn9dZJ
  4. Sensible (of intellect etc.); straightforward, not given to or confused by uncertainty or subtlety.
    Sense id: en-robust-en-adj-F-p0~7jl
  5. (systems engineering) Designed or evolved in such a way as to be resistant to total failure despite partial damage. Categories (topical): Systems engineering
    Sense id: en-robust-en-adj-gs0qMQd5
  6. (software engineering) Resistant or impervious to failure regardless of user input or unexpected conditions. Categories (topical): Software engineering
    Sense id: en-robust-en-adj-LCn2G1b1 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 12 2 15 20 3 26 12 10 Topics: computing, engineering, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, sciences, software
  7. (statistics) Not greatly influenced by errors in assumptions about the distribution of sample errors. Categories (topical): Statistics
    Sense id: en-robust-en-adj-YwAq9FJX Topics: mathematics, sciences, statistics
  8. (chiefly zoology, anthropology, paleontology) Of an individual or skeletal element: strongly built; muscular; not gracile. Categories (topical): Anthropology, Paleontology, Zoology
    Sense id: en-robust-en-adj-ceopV7Hc Topics: anthropology, biology, history, human-sciences, natural-sciences, paleontology, sciences, zoology
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: heterokurtosis-robust, heteroscedasticity-robust, robust association of massive baryonic objects, robust australopithecine, robust blacksmelt, robustly, robustness Related terms: robusta

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for robust meaning in English (13.9kB)

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      "word": "heterokurtosis-robust"
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "robust association of massive baryonic objects"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "robust australopithecine"
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      "word": "robust blacksmelt"
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      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin rōbustus",
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  "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin rōbustus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "robuster",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "more robust",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "robustest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
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      "form": "most robust",
      "tags": [
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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          "text": "He was a robust man of six feet four.",
          "type": "example"
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          "text": "robust health",
          "type": "example"
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        {
          "text": "A robust wall was put up.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1869, Anthony Trollope, Phineas Finn",
          "text": "She was stronger, larger, more robust physically than he had hitherto conceived.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Evincing strength and health; strong; (often, especially) both large and healthy."
      ],
      "id": "en-robust-en-adj-pw~dVYk5",
      "links": [
        [
          "Evincing",
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          "large",
          "large#English"
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      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "ardhangët"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "jak",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "як"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zdrav",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "здрав"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "silen",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "силен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "robust"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "robuust"
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          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "degelijk"
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        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "jykevä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "vankka"
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        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "roteva"
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        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "vahva"
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          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
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        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "robuste"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "robusto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "rufo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "robust"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "romaléos",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "ρωμαλέος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "chason",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "חסון"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "ētán",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "איתן"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "robusztus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "erős"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "erőteljes"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "masszív"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "szilárd"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "robusta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "urrúnta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "robusto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "rōbustus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "sílen",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "си́лен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "zdrav",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "здрав"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "jak",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "јак"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "cvrst",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "цврст"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "ruarangi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "mi",
          "english": "referring to growth",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "hiwa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "whakapūioio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "note": "of solid quality",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "tōtōpū"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "mn",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "roman": "böx",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "бөх"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "frîngant"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "robust"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "robust"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "krzepki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "silny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "rozrosły"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "czerstwy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "wysportowany"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "robusto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "qu",
          "lang": "Quechua",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "nanaq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "robust"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "puternic"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "vânjos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "krépkij",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "кре́пкий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zdoróvyj",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "здоро́вый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "làidir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "robústen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "robusto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 3 35 5 1 4 3 4",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "evincing strength",
          "word": "robust"
        }
      ]
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          "ref": "2011 October 1, Phil McNulty, “Everton 0 - 2 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport",
          "text": "As a frenetic opening continued, Cahill - whose robust approach had already prompted Jamie Carragher to register his displeasure to Atkinson - rose above the Liverpool defence to force keeper Pepe Reina into an athletic tip over the top.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Violent; rough; rude."
      ],
      "id": "en-robust-en-adj-tj8S9ld1",
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          "Violent",
          "violent"
        ],
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "rude",
          "rude"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "robust employment",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Requiring strength or vigor."
      ],
      "id": "en-robust-en-adj-xsdn9dZJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "Requiring",
          "require"
        ],
        [
          "strength",
          "strength"
        ],
        [
          "vigor",
          "vigor"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Sensible (of intellect etc.); straightforward, not given to or confused by uncertainty or subtlety."
      ],
      "id": "en-robust-en-adj-F-p0~7jl",
      "links": [
        [
          "Sensible",
          "sensible"
        ],
        [
          "straightforward",
          "straightforward"
        ],
        [
          "uncertainty",
          "uncertainty"
        ],
        [
          "subtlety",
          "subtlety"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
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          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Systems engineering",
          "orig": "en:Systems engineering",
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            "Engineering",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Technology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
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      "glosses": [
        "Designed or evolved in such a way as to be resistant to total failure despite partial damage."
      ],
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      "links": [
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          "systems engineering",
          "systems engineering"
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      "qualifier": "systems engineering",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(systems engineering) Designed or evolved in such a way as to be resistant to total failure despite partial damage."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
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          "orig": "en:Software engineering",
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            "Computing",
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            "Applied sciences",
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            "Communication",
            "Fundamental"
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 2 15 20 3 26 12 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
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            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Resistant or impervious to failure regardless of user input or unexpected conditions."
      ],
      "id": "en-robust-en-adj-LCn2G1b1",
      "links": [
        [
          "software engineering",
          "software engineering"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(software engineering) Resistant or impervious to failure regardless of user input or unexpected conditions."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences",
        "software"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Statistics",
          "orig": "en:Statistics",
          "parents": [
            "Formal sciences",
            "Mathematics",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Not greatly influenced by errors in assumptions about the distribution of sample errors."
      ],
      "id": "en-robust-en-adj-YwAq9FJX",
      "links": [
        [
          "statistics",
          "statistics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(statistics) Not greatly influenced by errors in assumptions about the distribution of sample errors."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences",
        "statistics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Anthropology",
          "orig": "en:Anthropology",
          "parents": [
            "Social sciences",
            "Zoology",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "Biology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Paleontology",
          "orig": "en:Paleontology",
          "parents": [
            "Geology",
            "Sciences",
            "Earth sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Zoology",
          "orig": "en:Zoology",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of an individual or skeletal element: strongly built; muscular; not gracile."
      ],
      "id": "en-robust-en-adj-ceopV7Hc",
      "links": [
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ],
        [
          "anthropology",
          "anthropology"
        ],
        [
          "paleontology",
          "paleontology"
        ],
        [
          "muscular",
          "muscular"
        ],
        [
          "gracile",
          "gracile"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly zoology, anthropology, paleontology) Of an individual or skeletal element: strongly built; muscular; not gracile."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anthropology",
        "biology",
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "paleontology",
        "sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹəʊˈbʌst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹəˈbʌst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹoʊˈbʌst/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌst"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-robust.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/En-uk-robust.ogg/En-uk-robust.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/En-uk-robust.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-robust.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-I_learned_some_phrases-robust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-I_learned_some_phrases-robust.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-I_learned_some_phrases-robust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-I_learned_some_phrases-robust.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "robust"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English learned borrowings from Latin",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-tós",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌst"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "heterokurtosis-robust"
    },
    {
      "word": "heteroscedasticity-robust"
    },
    {
      "word": "robust association of massive baryonic objects"
    },
    {
      "word": "robust australopithecine"
    },
    {
      "word": "robust blacksmelt"
    },
    {
      "word": "robustly"
    },
    {
      "word": "robustness"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-",
        "4": "*-tós"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "rōbustus"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin rōbustus",
      "name": "lbor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin rōbustus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "robuster",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "more robust",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "robustest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most robust",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "er",
        "2": "more"
      },
      "expansion": "robust (comparative robuster or more robust, superlative robustest or most robust)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ro‧bust"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "robusta"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English links with manual fragments",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He was a robust man of six feet four.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "robust health",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "A robust wall was put up.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1869, Anthony Trollope, Phineas Finn",
          "text": "She was stronger, larger, more robust physically than he had hitherto conceived.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Evincing strength and health; strong; (often, especially) both large and healthy."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Evincing",
          "evince"
        ],
        [
          "strength",
          "strength"
        ],
        [
          "health",
          "health"
        ],
        [
          "strong",
          "strong"
        ],
        [
          "large",
          "large#English"
        ],
        [
          "healthy",
          "healthy#Adjective"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2011 October 1, Phil McNulty, “Everton 0 - 2 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport",
          "text": "As a frenetic opening continued, Cahill - whose robust approach had already prompted Jamie Carragher to register his displeasure to Atkinson - rose above the Liverpool defence to force keeper Pepe Reina into an athletic tip over the top.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Violent; rough; rude."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Violent",
          "violent"
        ],
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "rude",
          "rude"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "robust employment",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Requiring strength or vigor."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Requiring",
          "require"
        ],
        [
          "strength",
          "strength"
        ],
        [
          "vigor",
          "vigor"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Sensible (of intellect etc.); straightforward, not given to or confused by uncertainty or subtlety."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Sensible",
          "sensible"
        ],
        [
          "straightforward",
          "straightforward"
        ],
        [
          "uncertainty",
          "uncertainty"
        ],
        [
          "subtlety",
          "subtlety"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Systems engineering"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Designed or evolved in such a way as to be resistant to total failure despite partial damage."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "systems engineering",
          "systems engineering"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "systems engineering",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(systems engineering) Designed or evolved in such a way as to be resistant to total failure despite partial damage."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Software engineering"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Resistant or impervious to failure regardless of user input or unexpected conditions."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "software engineering",
          "software engineering"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(software engineering) Resistant or impervious to failure regardless of user input or unexpected conditions."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences",
        "software"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Statistics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Not greatly influenced by errors in assumptions about the distribution of sample errors."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "statistics",
          "statistics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(statistics) Not greatly influenced by errors in assumptions about the distribution of sample errors."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences",
        "statistics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Anthropology",
        "en:Paleontology",
        "en:Zoology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of an individual or skeletal element: strongly built; muscular; not gracile."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ],
        [
          "anthropology",
          "anthropology"
        ],
        [
          "paleontology",
          "paleontology"
        ],
        [
          "muscular",
          "muscular"
        ],
        [
          "gracile",
          "gracile"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly zoology, anthropology, paleontology) Of an individual or skeletal element: strongly built; muscular; not gracile."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anthropology",
        "biology",
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "paleontology",
        "sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹəʊˈbʌst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹəˈbʌst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹoʊˈbʌst/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌst"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-robust.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/En-uk-robust.ogg/En-uk-robust.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/En-uk-robust.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-robust.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-I_learned_some_phrases-robust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-I_learned_some_phrases-robust.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-I_learned_some_phrases-robust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-I_learned_some_phrases-robust.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "ardhangët"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "jak",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "як"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zdrav",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "здрав"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "silen",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "силен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robust"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robuust"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "degelijk"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "jykevä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "vankka"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "roteva"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "vahva"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robusti"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robuste"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robusto"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "rufo"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robust"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "romaléos",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "ρωμαλέος"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "chason",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "חסון"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "ētán",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "איתן"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robusztus"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "erős"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "erőteljes"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "masszív"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "szilárd"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robusta"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "urrúnta"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robusto"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "rōbustus"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "sílen",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "си́лен"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "zdrav",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "здрав"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "jak",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "јак"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "cvrst",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "цврст"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "ruarangi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "english": "referring to growth",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "hiwa"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "whakapūioio"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "note": "of solid quality",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "tōtōpū"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "böx",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "бөх"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "frîngant"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robust"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robust"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "krzepki"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "silny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "rozrosły"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "czerstwy"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "wysportowany"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robusto"
    },
    {
      "code": "qu",
      "lang": "Quechua",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "nanaq"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robust"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "puternic"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "vânjos"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "krépkij",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "кре́пкий"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zdoróvyj",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "здоро́вый"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "làidir"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robústen"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robusto"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "evincing strength",
      "word": "robust"
    }
  ],
  "word": "robust"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.