"alley cat" meaning in English

See alley cat in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-alley cat.wav Forms: alley cats [plural]
Head templates: {{en-noun}} alley cat (plural alley cats)
  1. An urban feral cat. Translations (urban feral cat): 衚衕貓 (Chinese Mandarin), 胡同猫 (hútòngmāo) (Chinese Mandarin), straatkat [feminine] (Dutch), zwerfkat [feminine] (Dutch), kujakissa (Finnish), chat de gouttière [masculine] (French), Straßenkatze [feminine] (German), Streunerkatze [feminine] (German), dachowiec [masculine] (Polish)
    Sense id: en-alley_cat-en-noun-Of4JEiG8 Categories (other): Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with Polish translations Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 12 8 8 39 33 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 11 7 7 36 38 Disambiguation of 'urban feral cat': 94 3 3 0
  2. (figurative, humorous) A sexually promiscuous person, especially a woman. Tags: figuratively, humorous
    Sense id: en-alley_cat-en-noun-aynkh4Sg Categories (other): Terms with Mandarin translations Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 6 12 12 35 35
  3. (figurative, humorous) A sexually promiscuous person, especially a woman.
    A (female) prostitute.
    Tags: figuratively, humorous Categories (topical): Female people
    Sense id: en-alley_cat-en-noun-3bXTuSCs Disambiguation of Female people: 14 10 68 5 4 Categories (other): Terms with Mandarin translations Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 6 12 12 35 35
  4. (cycling) An informal bicycle race with checkpoints. Categories (topical): Cycling Categories (lifeform): Cats
    Sense id: en-alley_cat-en-noun-b~OM3lRo Disambiguation of Cats: 19 4 4 41 33 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Polish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 4 10 10 45 30 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 4 4 4 40 48 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 3 5 5 56 31 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 3 3 61 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 5 4 4 44 43 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 12 8 8 39 33 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 3 3 3 48 42 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 7 6 6 46 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 6 12 12 35 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 11 7 7 36 38 Topics: cycling, hobbies, lifestyle, sports

Verb

Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-alley cat.wav Forms: alley cats [present, singular, third-person], alley catting [participle, present], alley catted [participle, past], alley catted [past]
Head templates: {{en-verb}} alley cat (third-person singular simple present alley cats, present participle alley catting, simple past and past participle alley catted)
  1. (slang, intransitive) Synonym of cat around (“engage in sex with various partners”) Tags: intransitive, slang Synonyms: cat around [synonym, synonym-of] Related terms: stray dog, cathouse (english: brothel)
    Sense id: en-alley_cat-en-verb-HZHmhdHQ Categories (other): Entries with translation boxes, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Polish translations Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 4 4 4 40 48 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 5 4 4 44 43 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 12 8 8 39 33 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 3 3 3 48 42 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 6 12 12 35 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 11 7 7 36 38

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "alley cats",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "alley cat (plural alley cats)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 8 8 39 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 7 7 36 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An urban feral cat."
      ],
      "id": "en-alley_cat-en-noun-Of4JEiG8",
      "links": [
        [
          "urban",
          "urban"
        ],
        [
          "feral cat",
          "feral cat"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "urban feral cat",
          "word": "衚衕貓"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "hútòngmāo",
          "sense": "urban feral cat",
          "word": "胡同猫"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "urban feral cat",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "straatkat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "urban feral cat",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "zwerfkat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "urban feral cat",
          "word": "kujakissa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "urban feral cat",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "chat de gouttière"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "urban feral cat",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Straßenkatze"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "urban feral cat",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Streunerkatze"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "urban feral cat",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dachowiec"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 12 12 35 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:alley cat."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sexually promiscuous person, especially a woman."
      ],
      "id": "en-alley_cat-en-noun-aynkh4Sg",
      "links": [
        [
          "humorous",
          "humorous"
        ],
        [
          "sexually",
          "sexually"
        ],
        [
          "promiscuous",
          "promiscuous"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, humorous) A sexually promiscuous person, especially a woman."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "humorous"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 12 12 35 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 10 68 5 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Female people",
          "orig": "en:Female people",
          "parents": [
            "Female",
            "People",
            "Gender",
            "Human",
            "Biology",
            "Psychology",
            "Sociology",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Social sciences",
            "Fundamental",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sexually promiscuous person, especially a woman.",
        "A (female) prostitute."
      ],
      "id": "en-alley_cat-en-noun-3bXTuSCs",
      "links": [
        [
          "humorous",
          "humorous"
        ],
        [
          "sexually",
          "sexually"
        ],
        [
          "promiscuous",
          "promiscuous"
        ],
        [
          "prostitute",
          "prostitute"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, humorous) A sexually promiscuous person, especially a woman.",
        "A (female) prostitute."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "humorous"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Cycling",
          "orig": "en:Cycling",
          "parents": [
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 10 10 45 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 4 4 40 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 5 5 56 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 3 61 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 4 4 44 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 8 8 39 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 3 48 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 6 46 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 12 12 35 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 7 7 36 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 4 4 41 33",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Cats",
          "orig": "en:Cats",
          "parents": [
            "Felids",
            "Carnivores",
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An informal bicycle race with checkpoints."
      ],
      "id": "en-alley_cat-en-noun-b~OM3lRo",
      "links": [
        [
          "cycling",
          "cycling#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "informal",
          "informal"
        ],
        [
          "bicycle",
          "bicycle"
        ],
        [
          "race",
          "race"
        ],
        [
          "checkpoint",
          "checkpoint"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(cycling) An informal bicycle race with checkpoints."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "cycling",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "sports"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-alley cat.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "alley cat"
  ],
  "word": "alley cat"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "alley cats",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alley catting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alley catted",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alley catted",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "alley cat (third-person singular simple present alley cats, present participle alley catting, simple past and past participle alley catted)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 4 4 40 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 4 4 44 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 8 8 39 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 3 48 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 12 12 35 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 7 7 36 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of cat around (“engage in sex with various partners”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-alley_cat-en-verb-HZHmhdHQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "cat around",
          "cat around#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, intransitive) Synonym of cat around (“engage in sex with various partners”)"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "stray dog"
        },
        {
          "english": "brothel",
          "word": "cathouse"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "engage in sex with various partners",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "cat around"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-alley cat.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "alley cat"
  ],
  "word": "alley cat"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English multiword terms",
    "English nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "en:Cats",
    "en:Female people"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "alley cats",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "alley cat (plural alley cats)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An urban feral cat."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "urban",
          "urban"
        ],
        [
          "feral cat",
          "feral cat"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English humorous terms"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:alley cat."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sexually promiscuous person, especially a woman."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humorous",
          "humorous"
        ],
        [
          "sexually",
          "sexually"
        ],
        [
          "promiscuous",
          "promiscuous"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, humorous) A sexually promiscuous person, especially a woman."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "humorous"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English humorous terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sexually promiscuous person, especially a woman.",
        "A (female) prostitute."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humorous",
          "humorous"
        ],
        [
          "sexually",
          "sexually"
        ],
        [
          "promiscuous",
          "promiscuous"
        ],
        [
          "prostitute",
          "prostitute"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, humorous) A sexually promiscuous person, especially a woman.",
        "A (female) prostitute."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "humorous"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Cycling"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An informal bicycle race with checkpoints."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cycling",
          "cycling#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "informal",
          "informal"
        ],
        [
          "bicycle",
          "bicycle"
        ],
        [
          "race",
          "race"
        ],
        [
          "checkpoint",
          "checkpoint"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(cycling) An informal bicycle race with checkpoints."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "cycling",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "sports"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-alley cat.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "urban feral cat",
      "word": "衚衕貓"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "hútòngmāo",
      "sense": "urban feral cat",
      "word": "胡同猫"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "urban feral cat",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "straatkat"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "urban feral cat",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "zwerfkat"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "urban feral cat",
      "word": "kujakissa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "urban feral cat",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "chat de gouttière"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "urban feral cat",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Straßenkatze"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "urban feral cat",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Streunerkatze"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "urban feral cat",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dachowiec"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "alley cat"
  ],
  "word": "alley cat"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English multiword terms",
    "English nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "en:Cats",
    "en:Female people"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "alley cats",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alley catting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alley catted",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alley catted",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "alley cat (third-person singular simple present alley cats, present participle alley catting, simple past and past participle alley catted)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "stray dog"
    },
    {
      "english": "brothel",
      "word": "cathouse"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English slang"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of cat around (“engage in sex with various partners”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cat around",
          "cat around#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, intransitive) Synonym of cat around (“engage in sex with various partners”)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "engage in sex with various partners",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "cat around"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-alley cat.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-alley_cat.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "alley cat"
  ],
  "word": "alley cat"
}

Download raw JSONL data for alley cat meaning in English (5.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.