See harsh in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for harsh meaning in English (22.8kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "genteel"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "harshly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "harshness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "harsh noise"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "harsk",
"4": "harsk, harisk(e), hask(e), herris"
},
"expansion": "Middle English harsk, harisk(e), hask(e), herris",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "harskr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse harskr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "harsk",
"3": "",
"4": "rancid"
},
"expansion": "Danish harsk (“rancid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hersk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian hersk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "härsk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish härsk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "harsch",
"4": "",
"5": "rough",
"lit": "hairy"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German harsch (“rough”, literally “hairy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "harsch"
},
"expansion": "German harsch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "haer",
"3": "",
"4": "hair"
},
"expansion": "haer (“hair”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "osx",
"3": "hār"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hār",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hār"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hār",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English harsk, harisk(e), hask(e), herris. Century derived the term from Old Norse harskr (whence Danish harsk (“rancid”), dialectal Norwegian hersk, Swedish härsk); the Middle English Dictionary derives it from that and Middle Low German harsch (“rough”, literally “hairy”) (whence also German harsch), from haer (“hair”), from Old Saxon hār, from Proto-West Germanic *hār; the Oxford Dictionary of English derives it from Middle Low German alone.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "harsher",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more harsh",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "harshest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most harsh",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "more"
},
"expansion": "harsh (comparative harsher or more harsh, superlative harshest or most harsh)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 34 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unpleasantly rough to the touch or other senses."
],
"id": "en-harsh-en-adj-fibOyaIk",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"touch",
"touch"
],
[
"senses",
"senses"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "ascuru"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ostǎr",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "остър"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "rough",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "aspre"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cūbào",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "粗暴"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "rough",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "ru"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "grov"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "grof"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "karkea"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "kova"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "sévère"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "rude"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "rough",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "áspero"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "esgrevio"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "harsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "trachýs",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "τραχύς"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "kasar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "kova"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "raju"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "garg"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "grossolano"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "ruvido"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rough",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rude"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"english": "taste",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "aspro"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "accidentato"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "gibboso"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"english": "sound",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "discordante"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"alt": "そあく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "soaku",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "粗悪"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geochilda",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "거칠다"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "asper"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "raucus"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "immītis"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "raupjš"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "rupjš"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "kakawa"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mi",
"english": "to the ears",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "tīkākā"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "rude"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "aspre"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "āfor"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zomoxt",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "زمخت"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "ruch"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "szorstki"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "áspero"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "aspru"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žóstkij",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "жёсткий"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tvjórdyj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "твёрдый"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šeršavyj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "шершавый"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šeroxovátyj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "шерохова́тый"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zazubrennyj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "зазубренный"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"alt": "на ощупь",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "неприя́тный"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "áspero"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "loma"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "mkali"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "sträv"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "sert"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hrúbyj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "гру́бий"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "suvóryj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "суво́рий"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rizkýj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "різки́й"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "harsh decision",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "harsh penalty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "harsh teacher",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "harsh rule",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "harsh ruling",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2011 November 5, Phil Dawkes, “QPR 2 - 3 Man City”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "Great news for City, but the result was harsh on Neil Warnock's side who gave as good as they got even though the odds were stacked against them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Severe or cruel."
],
"id": "en-harsh-en-adj-a64X1M6P",
"links": [
[
"Severe",
"severe"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "dažan",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "դաժան"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rjazǎk",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "рязък"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "surov",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "суров"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sever"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "severa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "嚴格"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yángé",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "严格"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "grov"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "wreed"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "zwaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "tyly"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "julma"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "kova"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "ankara"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "raaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "sévère"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "cruel"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "severo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "fero"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "áspero"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "cru"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "unwirsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "harsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "scharf"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "hart"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "streng"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "schrill"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "herb"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "grell"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sklirós",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "σκληρός"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "khalepós",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "χαλεπός"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ameíliktos",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "ἀμείλικτος"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "crudele"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "rigido"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "rigoroso"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "naenghokhada",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "냉혹하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "acerbus"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "inclēmēns"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "kakawa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "taimaha"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "taumaha"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "toimaha"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "whakawiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "tuanui"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "sevèr"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "āfor"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"note": "of words",
"roman": "acı",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "آجی"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "szorstki"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "bezwzględny"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "grosso"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "grosseiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "cruel"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "aspru"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "sever"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rézkij",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "ре́зкий"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "suróvyj",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "суро́вый"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "strógij",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "стро́гий"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "dāruṇa",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "दारुण"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "mkali"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "haşin"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "tr",
"english": "individual",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "gaddar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "tr",
"english": "all senses",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "zorlu"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "žorstkýj",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "жорстки́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "sevärik"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɑɹʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɑːʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hæʃ/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)ʃ"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-harsh.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/En-au-harsh.ogg/En-au-harsh.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/En-au-harsh.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "harsh"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "harsh one's mellow"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "harsk",
"4": "harsk, harisk(e), hask(e), herris"
},
"expansion": "Middle English harsk, harisk(e), hask(e), herris",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "harskr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse harskr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "harsk",
"3": "",
"4": "rancid"
},
"expansion": "Danish harsk (“rancid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hersk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian hersk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "härsk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish härsk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "harsch",
"4": "",
"5": "rough",
"lit": "hairy"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German harsch (“rough”, literally “hairy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "harsch"
},
"expansion": "German harsch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "haer",
"3": "",
"4": "hair"
},
"expansion": "haer (“hair”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "osx",
"3": "hār"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hār",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hār"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hār",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English harsk, harisk(e), hask(e), herris. Century derived the term from Old Norse harskr (whence Danish harsk (“rancid”), dialectal Norwegian hersk, Swedish härsk); the Middle English Dictionary derives it from that and Middle Low German harsch (“rough”, literally “hairy”) (whence also German harsch), from haer (“hair”), from Old Saxon hār, from Proto-West Germanic *hār; the Oxford Dictionary of English derives it from Middle Low German alone.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "harshes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "harshing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "harshed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "harshed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "harsh (third-person singular simple present harshes, present participle harshing, simple past and past participle harshed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Quit harshing me already, I said that I was sorry!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2008, An Na, The Fold",
"text": "Stop harshing on yourself. Who said you're the ugly sister?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Richard Powers, Gain",
"text": "“Stop harshing on me, Daddy.” “Harshing?” “Don't yell at me. I didn't do anything.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To negatively criticize."
],
"id": "en-harsh-en-verb-AF23NSjz",
"links": [
[
"criticize",
"criticize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, slang) To negatively criticize."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "negatively criticize",
"word": "criticar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "negatively criticize",
"word": "criticar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "negatively criticize",
"word": "pessugar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "negatively criticize",
"word": "piuçar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pesočitʹ",
"sense": "negatively criticize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "песочить"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "negatively criticize",
"word": "despotricar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "negatively criticize",
"word": "mkali"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Dude, you're harshing my buzz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Kurt Andersen, Turn of the century, page 508",
"text": "On their third date, Lizzie had actually said to him, \"You're sort of harshing my mellow.\" It made him wonder if she might be stupid, and not just young.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Robert Ludlum, The Janson Directive, page 355",
"text": "\"They're mostly mercenaries these days. But whose?\" \"Serbian mercenaries? You're harshing my groove, man. I'm gonna pretend I didn't hear that....\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, MaryJanice Davidson, Undead and Unpopular, page 776",
"text": "\"Getting back to the issue of the child,\" Tina said, harshing our buzz as usual, \"I really think you should reconsider....\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Kate William with Francine Pascal, Secrets - Page 70",
"text": "He's totally harshing my vibe,\" Lila said airily. \"Someone should tell him to get over himself. He's lucky I even invited him!\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To put a damper on (a mood)."
],
"id": "en-harsh-en-verb-be-hBp2N",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) To put a damper on (a mood)."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "put a damper on someone's mood",
"word": "mkali"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɑɹʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɑːʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hæʃ/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)ʃ"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-harsh.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/En-au-harsh.ogg/En-au-harsh.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/En-au-harsh.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rough"
}
],
"word": "harsh"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "genteel"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Old Saxon",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Albanian translations",
"Requests for review of Bengali translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Japanese translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Mandarin translations",
"Requests for review of Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)ʃ",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)ʃ/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "harshly"
},
{
"word": "harshness"
},
{
"word": "harsh noise"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "harsk",
"4": "harsk, harisk(e), hask(e), herris"
},
"expansion": "Middle English harsk, harisk(e), hask(e), herris",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "harskr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse harskr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "harsk",
"3": "",
"4": "rancid"
},
"expansion": "Danish harsk (“rancid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hersk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian hersk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "härsk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish härsk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "harsch",
"4": "",
"5": "rough",
"lit": "hairy"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German harsch (“rough”, literally “hairy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "harsch"
},
"expansion": "German harsch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "haer",
"3": "",
"4": "hair"
},
"expansion": "haer (“hair”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "osx",
"3": "hār"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hār",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hār"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hār",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English harsk, harisk(e), hask(e), herris. Century derived the term from Old Norse harskr (whence Danish harsk (“rancid”), dialectal Norwegian hersk, Swedish härsk); the Middle English Dictionary derives it from that and Middle Low German harsch (“rough”, literally “hairy”) (whence also German harsch), from haer (“hair”), from Old Saxon hār, from Proto-West Germanic *hār; the Oxford Dictionary of English derives it from Middle Low German alone.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "harsher",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more harsh",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "harshest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most harsh",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "more"
},
"expansion": "harsh (comparative harsher or more harsh, superlative harshest or most harsh)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Unpleasantly rough to the touch or other senses."
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"touch",
"touch"
],
[
"senses",
"senses"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "harsh decision",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "harsh penalty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "harsh teacher",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "harsh rule",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "harsh ruling",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2011 November 5, Phil Dawkes, “QPR 2 - 3 Man City”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "Great news for City, but the result was harsh on Neil Warnock's side who gave as good as they got even though the odds were stacked against them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Severe or cruel."
],
"links": [
[
"Severe",
"severe"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɑɹʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɑːʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hæʃ/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)ʃ"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-harsh.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/En-au-harsh.ogg/En-au-harsh.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/En-au-harsh.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "ascuru"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ostǎr",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "остър"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "rough",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "aspre"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cūbào",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "粗暴"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "rough",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "ru"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "grov"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "grof"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "karkea"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "kova"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "sévère"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "rude"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "rough",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "áspero"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "esgrevio"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "harsch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "trachýs",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "τραχύς"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "kasar"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "kova"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "raju"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "garg"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "grossolano"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "ruvido"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rough",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rude"
},
{
"code": "it",
"english": "taste",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "aspro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "accidentato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "gibboso"
},
{
"code": "it",
"english": "sound",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "discordante"
},
{
"alt": "そあく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "soaku",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "粗悪"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geochilda",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "거칠다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "asper"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "raucus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "immītis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "raupjš"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "rupjš"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "kakawa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"english": "to the ears",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "tīkākā"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "rude"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "aspre"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "āfor"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zomoxt",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "زمخت"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "ruch"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "szorstki"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "áspero"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "aspru"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žóstkij",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "жёсткий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tvjórdyj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "твёрдый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šeršavyj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "шершавый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šeroxovátyj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "шерохова́тый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zazubrennyj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "зазубренный"
},
{
"alt": "на ощупь",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "неприя́тный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "áspero"
},
{
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "loma"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "mkali"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "sträv"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "sert"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hrúbyj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "гру́бий"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "suvóryj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "суво́рий"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rizkýj",
"sense": "rough",
"word": "різки́й"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "dažan",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "դաժան"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rjazǎk",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "рязък"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "surov",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "суров"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sever"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "severa"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "嚴格"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yángé",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "严格"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "grov"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "wreed"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "zwaar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "tyly"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "julma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "kova"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "ankara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "raaka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "sévère"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "cruel"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "severo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "fero"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "áspero"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "cru"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "unwirsch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "harsch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "scharf"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "hart"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "streng"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "schrill"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "herb"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "grell"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sklirós",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "σκληρός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "khalepós",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "χαλεπός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ameíliktos",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "ἀμείλικτος"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "crudele"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "rigido"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "rigoroso"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "naenghokhada",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "냉혹하다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "acerbus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "inclēmēns"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "kakawa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "taimaha"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "taumaha"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "toimaha"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "whakawiri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "tuanui"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "sevèr"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "āfor"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"note": "of words",
"roman": "acı",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "آجی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "szorstki"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "bezwzględny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "grosso"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "grosseiro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "cruel"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "aspru"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "sever"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rézkij",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "ре́зкий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "suróvyj",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "суро́вый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "strógij",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "стро́гий"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "dāruṇa",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "दारुण"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "mkali"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "haşin"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"english": "individual",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "gaddar"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"english": "all senses",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "zorlu"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "žorstkýj",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "жорстки́й"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "severe or cruel",
"word": "sevärik"
}
],
"word": "harsh"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Old Saxon",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Albanian translations",
"Requests for review of Bengali translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Japanese translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Mandarin translations",
"Requests for review of Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)ʃ",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)ʃ/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "harsh one's mellow"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "harsk",
"4": "harsk, harisk(e), hask(e), herris"
},
"expansion": "Middle English harsk, harisk(e), hask(e), herris",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "harskr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse harskr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "harsk",
"3": "",
"4": "rancid"
},
"expansion": "Danish harsk (“rancid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hersk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian hersk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "härsk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish härsk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "harsch",
"4": "",
"5": "rough",
"lit": "hairy"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German harsch (“rough”, literally “hairy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "harsch"
},
"expansion": "German harsch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "haer",
"3": "",
"4": "hair"
},
"expansion": "haer (“hair”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "osx",
"3": "hār"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hār",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hār"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hār",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English harsk, harisk(e), hask(e), herris. Century derived the term from Old Norse harskr (whence Danish harsk (“rancid”), dialectal Norwegian hersk, Swedish härsk); the Middle English Dictionary derives it from that and Middle Low German harsch (“rough”, literally “hairy”) (whence also German harsch), from haer (“hair”), from Old Saxon hār, from Proto-West Germanic *hār; the Oxford Dictionary of English derives it from Middle Low German alone.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "harshes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "harshing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "harshed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "harshed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "harsh (third-person singular simple present harshes, present participle harshing, simple past and past participle harshed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Quit harshing me already, I said that I was sorry!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2008, An Na, The Fold",
"text": "Stop harshing on yourself. Who said you're the ugly sister?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Richard Powers, Gain",
"text": "“Stop harshing on me, Daddy.” “Harshing?” “Don't yell at me. I didn't do anything.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To negatively criticize."
],
"links": [
[
"criticize",
"criticize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, slang) To negatively criticize."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Dude, you're harshing my buzz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Kurt Andersen, Turn of the century, page 508",
"text": "On their third date, Lizzie had actually said to him, \"You're sort of harshing my mellow.\" It made him wonder if she might be stupid, and not just young.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Robert Ludlum, The Janson Directive, page 355",
"text": "\"They're mostly mercenaries these days. But whose?\" \"Serbian mercenaries? You're harshing my groove, man. I'm gonna pretend I didn't hear that....\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, MaryJanice Davidson, Undead and Unpopular, page 776",
"text": "\"Getting back to the issue of the child,\" Tina said, harshing our buzz as usual, \"I really think you should reconsider....\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Kate William with Francine Pascal, Secrets - Page 70",
"text": "He's totally harshing my vibe,\" Lila said airily. \"Someone should tell him to get over himself. He's lucky I even invited him!\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To put a damper on (a mood)."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) To put a damper on (a mood)."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɑɹʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɑːʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hæʃ/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)ʃ"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-harsh.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/En-au-harsh.ogg/En-au-harsh.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/En-au-harsh.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rough"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "negatively criticize",
"word": "criticar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "negatively criticize",
"word": "criticar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "negatively criticize",
"word": "pessugar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "negatively criticize",
"word": "piuçar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pesočitʹ",
"sense": "negatively criticize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "песочить"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "negatively criticize",
"word": "despotricar"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "negatively criticize",
"word": "mkali"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "put a damper on someone's mood",
"word": "mkali"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "put a damper on someone's mood",
"word": "mkali"
}
],
"word": "harsh"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2028",
"msg": "more than one value in \"alt\": neprijátnyj (na oščupʹ) vs. на ощупь",
"path": [
"harsh"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "harsh",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.