"acerbus" meaning in Latin

See acerbus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /aˈker.bus/ [Classical-Latin], [äˈkɛrbʊs̠] [Classical-Latin], /aˈt͡ʃer.bus/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [äˈt͡ʃɛrbus] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos; equivalent to ācer (“sharp”) + -idus. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|la|itc-pro|*akriðos|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Italic *akriðos, {{inh+|la|itc-pro|*akriðos}} Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos Head templates: {{la-adj|acerbus|adv=acerbē|comp=acerbior|sup=acerbissimus}} acerbus (feminine acerba, neuter acerbum, comparative acerbior, superlative acerbissimus, adverb acerbē); first/second-declension adjective Inflection templates: {{la-adecl|acerbus}} Forms: acerba [feminine], acerbum [neuter], acerbior [comparative], acerbissimus [superlative], acerbē [adverb], no-table-tags [table-tags], acerbus [masculine, nominative, singular], acerba [feminine, nominative, singular], acerbum [neuter, nominative, singular], acerbī [masculine, nominative, plural], acerbae [feminine, nominative, plural], acerba [neuter, nominative, plural], acerbī [genitive, masculine, singular], acerbae [feminine, genitive, singular], acerbī [genitive, neuter, singular], acerbōrum [genitive, masculine, plural], acerbārum [feminine, genitive, plural], acerbōrum [genitive, neuter, plural], acerbō [dative, masculine, singular], acerbae [dative, feminine, singular], acerbō [dative, neuter, singular], acerbīs [dative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], acerbum [accusative, masculine, singular], acerbam [accusative, feminine, singular], acerbum [accusative, neuter, singular], acerbōs [accusative, masculine, plural], acerbās [accusative, feminine, plural], acerba [accusative, neuter, plural], acerbō [ablative, masculine, singular], acerbā [ablative, feminine, singular], acerbō [ablative, neuter, singular], acerbīs [ablative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], acerbe [masculine, singular, vocative], acerba [feminine, singular, vocative], acerbum [neuter, singular, vocative], acerbī [masculine, plural, vocative], acerbae [feminine, plural, vocative], acerba [neuter, plural, vocative]
  1. (of taste) harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2 Categories (topical): Emotions, Taste Synonyms: asper, ācer, frāctus
    Sense id: en-acerbus-la-adj-SwDZ7Fe6 Disambiguation of Emotions: 96 0 4 0 Disambiguation of Taste: 52 16 20 12 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 63 6 17 15 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 53 3 24 19 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 71 0 16 12
  2. sharp, severe, bitter (i.e., extremely painful) Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2
    Sense id: en-acerbus-la-adj-wxiByoVu
  3. (of a person) rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2
    Sense id: en-acerbus-la-adj-x6~4EmRY Synonyms: trux, ferōx, atrōx, violēns, immānis, efferus, ferus, crūdēlis, barbaricus, silvāticus, ācer, sevērus
  4. oppressive, distressing, sad Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2
    Sense id: en-acerbus-la-adj-W1uilNOj
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (topical): Weather Derived forms: acerbē, acerbitās, acerbitūdō, acerbō, peracerbus, semiacerbus
Disambiguation of Weather: 0 0 0 0

Inflected forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "topical",
      "langcode": "la",
      "name": "Weather",
      "orig": "la:Weather",
      "parents": [
        "Atmosphere",
        "Nature",
        "All topics",
        "Fundamental"
      ],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "acerbē"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "acerbitās"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "acerbitūdō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "acerbō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "peracerbus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "semiacerbus"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "acerb"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: acerb",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: acerb"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dlm",
            "2": "garb"
          },
          "expansion": "Dalmatian: garb",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dalmatian: garb"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "acerb",
            "3": "acerbic"
          },
          "expansion": "English: acerb, acerbic",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: acerb, acerbic"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "acerba"
          },
          "expansion": "Esperanto: acerba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Esperanto: acerba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "acerbe"
          },
          "expansion": "French: acerbe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: acerbe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "garp"
          },
          "expansion": "Friulian: garp",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Friulian: garp"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "acerbo"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: acerbo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: acerbo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "acerbo"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: acerbo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: acerbo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "acerbo"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: acerbo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: acerbo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "acerb"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: acerb",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: acerb"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sc",
            "2": "acherbu",
            "3": "acerbu",
            "4": "chervu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sardinian: acherbu, acerbu, chervu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sardinian: acherbu, acerbu, chervu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "acerbo"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: acerbo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: acerbo"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*akriðos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *akriðos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*akriðos"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos; equivalent to ācer (“sharp”) + -idus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbior",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbissimus",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbē",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "acerbus",
        "adv": "acerbē",
        "comp": "acerbior",
        "sup": "acerbissimus"
      },
      "expansion": "acerbus (feminine acerba, neuter acerbum, comparative acerbior, superlative acerbissimus, adverb acerbē); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "acerbus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "63 6 17 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 3 24 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 0 16 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "96 0 4 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "la:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 16 20 12",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Taste",
          "orig": "la:Taste",
          "parents": [
            "Drinking",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Senses",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Perception",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental",
            "Body"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerbus-la-adj-SwDZ7Fe6",
      "links": [
        [
          "harsh",
          "harsh"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ],
        [
          "unripe",
          "unripe"
        ],
        [
          "sour",
          "sour"
        ],
        [
          "premature",
          "premature"
        ],
        [
          "marriageable",
          "marriageable"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of taste) harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of taste"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "asper"
        },
        {
          "word": "ācer"
        },
        {
          "word": "frāctus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "the bitter cold",
          "text": "frīgus acerbum",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sharp, severe, bitter (i.e., extremely painful)"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerbus-la-adj-wxiByoVu",
      "links": [
        [
          "sharp",
          "sharp"
        ],
        [
          "severe",
          "severe"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mītis"
        },
        {
          "word": "tranquillus"
        },
        {
          "word": "misericors"
        },
        {
          "word": "placidus"
        },
        {
          "word": "quietus"
        },
        {
          "word": "clemens"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerbus-la-adj-x6~4EmRY",
      "links": [
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "violent",
          "violent"
        ],
        [
          "severe",
          "severe"
        ],
        [
          "grievous",
          "grievous"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of a person) rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a person"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trux"
        },
        {
          "word": "ferōx"
        },
        {
          "word": "atrōx"
        },
        {
          "word": "violēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "immānis"
        },
        {
          "word": "efferus"
        },
        {
          "word": "ferus"
        },
        {
          "word": "crūdēlis"
        },
        {
          "word": "barbaricus"
        },
        {
          "word": "silvāticus"
        },
        {
          "word": "ācer"
        },
        {
          "word": "sevērus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a sad conflagration",
          "ref": "c.''' 30 BCE, Cicero, Dē Lēgibus 2.24.61",
          "text": "acerbum incendium"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "oppressive, distressing, sad"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerbus-la-adj-W1uilNOj",
      "links": [
        [
          "oppressive",
          "oppressive"
        ],
        [
          "distressing",
          "distressing"
        ],
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈker.bus/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[äˈkɛrbʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈt͡ʃer.bus/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[äˈt͡ʃɛrbus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerbus"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin adjectives",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin first and second declension adjectives",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "la:Emotions",
    "la:Taste",
    "la:Weather"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "acerbē"
    },
    {
      "word": "acerbitās"
    },
    {
      "word": "acerbitūdō"
    },
    {
      "word": "acerbō"
    },
    {
      "word": "peracerbus"
    },
    {
      "word": "semiacerbus"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "acerb"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: acerb",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: acerb"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dlm",
            "2": "garb"
          },
          "expansion": "Dalmatian: garb",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dalmatian: garb"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "acerb",
            "3": "acerbic"
          },
          "expansion": "English: acerb, acerbic",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: acerb, acerbic"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "acerba"
          },
          "expansion": "Esperanto: acerba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Esperanto: acerba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "acerbe"
          },
          "expansion": "French: acerbe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: acerbe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "garp"
          },
          "expansion": "Friulian: garp",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Friulian: garp"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "acerbo"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: acerbo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: acerbo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "acerbo"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: acerbo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: acerbo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "acerbo"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: acerbo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: acerbo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "acerb"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: acerb",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: acerb"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sc",
            "2": "acherbu",
            "3": "acerbu",
            "4": "chervu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sardinian: acherbu, acerbu, chervu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sardinian: acherbu, acerbu, chervu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "acerbo"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: acerbo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: acerbo"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*akriðos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *akriðos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*akriðos"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos; equivalent to ācer (“sharp”) + -idus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbior",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbissimus",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbē",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "acerbus",
        "adv": "acerbē",
        "comp": "acerbior",
        "sup": "acerbissimus"
      },
      "expansion": "acerbus (feminine acerba, neuter acerbum, comparative acerbior, superlative acerbissimus, adverb acerbē); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "acerbus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harsh",
          "harsh"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ],
        [
          "unripe",
          "unripe"
        ],
        [
          "sour",
          "sour"
        ],
        [
          "premature",
          "premature"
        ],
        [
          "marriageable",
          "marriageable"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of taste) harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of taste"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "asper"
        },
        {
          "word": "ācer"
        },
        {
          "word": "frāctus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "the bitter cold",
          "text": "frīgus acerbum",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sharp, severe, bitter (i.e., extremely painful)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sharp",
          "sharp"
        ],
        [
          "severe",
          "severe"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mītis"
        },
        {
          "word": "tranquillus"
        },
        {
          "word": "misericors"
        },
        {
          "word": "placidus"
        },
        {
          "word": "quietus"
        },
        {
          "word": "clemens"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "violent",
          "violent"
        ],
        [
          "severe",
          "severe"
        ],
        [
          "grievous",
          "grievous"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of a person) rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a person"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trux"
        },
        {
          "word": "ferōx"
        },
        {
          "word": "atrōx"
        },
        {
          "word": "violēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "immānis"
        },
        {
          "word": "efferus"
        },
        {
          "word": "ferus"
        },
        {
          "word": "crūdēlis"
        },
        {
          "word": "barbaricus"
        },
        {
          "word": "silvāticus"
        },
        {
          "word": "ācer"
        },
        {
          "word": "sevērus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a sad conflagration",
          "ref": "c.''' 30 BCE, Cicero, Dē Lēgibus 2.24.61",
          "text": "acerbum incendium"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "oppressive, distressing, sad"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "oppressive",
          "oppressive"
        ],
        [
          "distressing",
          "distressing"
        ],
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈker.bus/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[äˈkɛrbʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈt͡ʃer.bus/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[äˈt͡ʃɛrbus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerbus"
}

Download raw JSONL data for acerbus meaning in Latin (8.7kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: acerbus/Latin 'Number' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "acerbus"
  ],
  "section": "Latin",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "acerbus",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.