"acerbus" meaning in Latin

See acerbus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [aˈkɛr.bʊs] [Classical-Latin], [aˈt͡ʃɛr.bus] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos; equivalent to ācer (“sharp”) + -idus. Etymology templates: {{etymon|la|:inh|itc-pro:*akriðos|:afeq|ācer|-idus}}, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|la|itc-pro|*akriðos|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Italic *akriðos, {{inh+|la|itc-pro|*akriðos}} Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos Head templates: {{la-adj|acerbus|adv=acerbē|comp=acerbior|sup=acerbissimus}} acerbus (feminine acerba, neuter acerbum, comparative acerbior, superlative acerbissimus, adverb acerbē); first/second-declension adjective Inflection templates: {{la-adecl|acerbus}} Forms: acerba [feminine], acerbum [neuter], acerbior [comparative], acerbissimus [superlative], acerbē [adverb], no-table-tags [table-tags], acerbus [masculine, nominative, singular], acerba [feminine, nominative, singular], acerbum [neuter, nominative, singular], acerbī [masculine, nominative, plural], acerbae [feminine, nominative, plural], acerba [neuter, nominative, plural], acerbī [genitive, masculine, singular], acerbae [feminine, genitive, singular], acerbī [genitive, neuter, singular], acerbōrum [genitive, masculine, plural], acerbārum [feminine, genitive, plural], acerbōrum [genitive, neuter, plural], acerbō [dative, masculine, singular], acerbae [dative, feminine, singular], acerbō [dative, neuter, singular], acerbīs [dative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], acerbum [accusative, masculine, singular], acerbam [accusative, feminine, singular], acerbum [accusative, neuter, singular], acerbōs [accusative, masculine, plural], acerbās [accusative, feminine, plural], acerba [accusative, neuter, plural], acerbō [ablative, masculine, singular], acerbā [ablative, feminine, singular], acerbō [ablative, neuter, singular], acerbīs [ablative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], acerbe [masculine, singular, vocative], acerba [feminine, singular, vocative], acerbum [neuter, singular, vocative], acerbī [masculine, plural, vocative], acerbae [feminine, plural, vocative], acerba [neuter, plural, vocative]
  1. (of taste) harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2 Synonyms: asper, ācer, frāctus
    Sense id: en-acerbus-la-adj-SwDZ7Fe6 Categories (other): Taste Disambiguation of Taste: 35 18 29 18
  2. sharp, severe, bitter (i.e., extremely painful) Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2
    Sense id: en-acerbus-la-adj-wxiByoVu Categories (other): Taste Disambiguation of Taste: 35 18 29 18
  3. (of a person) rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2
    Sense id: en-acerbus-la-adj-x6~4EmRY Categories (other): Latin entries referencing missing etymons, Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin terms suffixed with -idus, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Emotions, Taste Disambiguation of Latin entries referencing missing etymons: 12 6 63 19 Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 8 4 74 15 Disambiguation of Latin terms suffixed with -idus: 10 0 63 27 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 6 0 77 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 6 0 77 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 0 91 6 Disambiguation of Emotions: 4 0 78 17 Disambiguation of Taste: 35 18 29 18 Synonyms: trux, ferōx, atrōx, violēns, immānis, efferus, ferus, crūdēlis, barbaricus, silvāticus, ācer, sevērus
  4. oppressive, distressing, sad Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2
    Sense id: en-acerbus-la-adj-W1uilNOj Categories (other): Taste Disambiguation of Taste: 35 18 29 18
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: acerbē, acerbitās, acerbitūdō, acerbō, peracerbus, semiacerbus
Categories (other): Weather Disambiguation of Weather: 0 0 0 0

Inflected forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "la",
      "name": "Weather",
      "orig": "la:Weather",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "acerbē"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "acerbitās"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "acerbitūdō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "acerbō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "peracerbus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "semiacerbus"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerb"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Dalmatian",
      "lang_code": "dlm",
      "word": "garb"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerb"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerbic"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerba"
    },
    {
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerbe"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Friulian",
      "lang_code": "fur",
      "word": "garp"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerbo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerbo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerbo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerb"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "lang_code": "sc",
      "word": "acherbu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "lang_code": "sc",
      "word": "acerbu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "lang_code": "sc",
      "word": "chervu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerbo"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "itc-pro:*akriðos",
        "4": ":afeq",
        "5": "ācer",
        "6": "-idus"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*akriðos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *akriðos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*akriðos"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos; equivalent to ācer (“sharp”) + -idus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbior",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbissimus",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbē",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "acerbus",
        "adv": "acerbē",
        "comp": "acerbior",
        "sup": "acerbissimus"
      },
      "expansion": "acerbus (feminine acerba, neuter acerbum, comparative acerbior, superlative acerbissimus, adverb acerbē); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "acerbus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "35 18 29 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Taste",
          "orig": "la:Taste",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerbus-la-adj-SwDZ7Fe6",
      "links": [
        [
          "harsh",
          "harsh"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ],
        [
          "unripe",
          "unripe"
        ],
        [
          "sour",
          "sour"
        ],
        [
          "premature",
          "premature"
        ],
        [
          "marriageable",
          "marriageable"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of taste) harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of taste"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "asper"
        },
        {
          "word": "ācer"
        },
        {
          "word": "frāctus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "35 18 29 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Taste",
          "orig": "la:Taste",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the bitter cold",
          "text": "frīgus acerbum",
          "translation": "the bitter cold",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sharp, severe, bitter (i.e., extremely painful)"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerbus-la-adj-wxiByoVu",
      "links": [
        [
          "sharp",
          "sharp"
        ],
        [
          "severe",
          "severe"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mītis"
        },
        {
          "word": "tranquillus"
        },
        {
          "word": "misericors"
        },
        {
          "word": "placidus"
        },
        {
          "word": "quietus"
        },
        {
          "word": "clemens"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 6 63 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 4 74 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 0 63 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms suffixed with -idus",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 0 77 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 0 77 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 0 91 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 0 78 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "la:Emotions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 18 29 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Taste",
          "orig": "la:Taste",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerbus-la-adj-x6~4EmRY",
      "links": [
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "violent",
          "violent"
        ],
        [
          "severe",
          "severe"
        ],
        [
          "grievous",
          "grievous"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of a person) rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a person"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trux"
        },
        {
          "word": "ferōx"
        },
        {
          "word": "atrōx"
        },
        {
          "word": "violēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "immānis"
        },
        {
          "word": "efferus"
        },
        {
          "word": "ferus"
        },
        {
          "word": "crūdēlis"
        },
        {
          "word": "barbaricus"
        },
        {
          "word": "silvāticus"
        },
        {
          "word": "ācer"
        },
        {
          "word": "sevērus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "35 18 29 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Taste",
          "orig": "la:Taste",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a sad conflagration",
          "ref": "c.''' 30 BCE, Cicero, Dē Lēgibus 2.24.61",
          "text": "acerbum incendium",
          "translation": "a sad conflagration"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "oppressive, distressing, sad"
      ],
      "id": "en-acerbus-la-adj-W1uilNOj",
      "links": [
        [
          "oppressive",
          "oppressive"
        ],
        [
          "distressing",
          "distressing"
        ],
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[aˈkɛr.bʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[aˈt͡ʃɛr.bus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerbus"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin adjectives",
    "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin first and second declension adjectives",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
    "Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱ-",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms suffixed with -idus",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "la:Emotions",
    "la:Taste",
    "la:Weather"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "acerbē"
    },
    {
      "word": "acerbitās"
    },
    {
      "word": "acerbitūdō"
    },
    {
      "word": "acerbō"
    },
    {
      "word": "peracerbus"
    },
    {
      "word": "semiacerbus"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerb"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Dalmatian",
      "lang_code": "dlm",
      "word": "garb"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerb"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerbic"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerba"
    },
    {
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerbe"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Friulian",
      "lang_code": "fur",
      "word": "garp"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerbo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerbo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerbo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerb"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "lang_code": "sc",
      "word": "acherbu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "lang_code": "sc",
      "word": "acerbu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "lang_code": "sc",
      "word": "chervu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "acerbo"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "itc-pro:*akriðos",
        "4": ":afeq",
        "5": "ācer",
        "6": "-idus"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*akriðos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *akriðos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*akriðos"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos; equivalent to ācer (“sharp”) + -idus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbior",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbissimus",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbē",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerbae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acerba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "acerbus",
        "adv": "acerbē",
        "comp": "acerbior",
        "sup": "acerbissimus"
      },
      "expansion": "acerbus (feminine acerba, neuter acerbum, comparative acerbior, superlative acerbissimus, adverb acerbē); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "acerbus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harsh",
          "harsh"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ],
        [
          "unripe",
          "unripe"
        ],
        [
          "sour",
          "sour"
        ],
        [
          "premature",
          "premature"
        ],
        [
          "marriageable",
          "marriageable"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of taste) harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of taste"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "asper"
        },
        {
          "word": "ācer"
        },
        {
          "word": "frāctus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the bitter cold",
          "text": "frīgus acerbum",
          "translation": "the bitter cold",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sharp, severe, bitter (i.e., extremely painful)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sharp",
          "sharp"
        ],
        [
          "severe",
          "severe"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mītis"
        },
        {
          "word": "tranquillus"
        },
        {
          "word": "misericors"
        },
        {
          "word": "placidus"
        },
        {
          "word": "quietus"
        },
        {
          "word": "clemens"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "violent",
          "violent"
        ],
        [
          "severe",
          "severe"
        ],
        [
          "grievous",
          "grievous"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of a person) rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a person"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trux"
        },
        {
          "word": "ferōx"
        },
        {
          "word": "atrōx"
        },
        {
          "word": "violēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "immānis"
        },
        {
          "word": "efferus"
        },
        {
          "word": "ferus"
        },
        {
          "word": "crūdēlis"
        },
        {
          "word": "barbaricus"
        },
        {
          "word": "silvāticus"
        },
        {
          "word": "ācer"
        },
        {
          "word": "sevērus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a sad conflagration",
          "ref": "c.''' 30 BCE, Cicero, Dē Lēgibus 2.24.61",
          "text": "acerbum incendium",
          "translation": "a sad conflagration"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "oppressive, distressing, sad"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "oppressive",
          "oppressive"
        ],
        [
          "distressing",
          "distressing"
        ],
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[aˈkɛr.bʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[aˈt͡ʃɛr.bus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "acerbus"
}

Download raw JSONL data for acerbus meaning in Latin (8.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-11 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.