See acerbus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Taste",
"orig": "la:Taste",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "la:Weather",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "acerbē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "acerbitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "acerbitūdō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "acerbō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "peracerbus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "semiacerbus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerb"
},
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "garb"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerb"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerbic"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerba"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerbe"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "garp"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerbo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerbo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerbo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerb"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "acherbu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "acerbu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "chervu"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerbo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*akriðos<ety:af<*akris><*-iðos<ety:inh<ine-pro:<alt:*-dʰh₁-os><ety:from<*dʰeh₁-<id:do>>>>>>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*akris\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-dʰh₁-os\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-iðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*akriðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"acerbus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"acerbus\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*akriðos",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *akriðos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*akriðos"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-iðos"
},
"expansion": "*-iðos",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-idus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -idus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos, itself from earlier *akris + *-iðos (whence Latin -idus). More specifically, the term followed a development from *akriðos > *akṛðos > *akerðos > *akerβos > acerbus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "acerba",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbē",
"links": [
[
"acerbē",
"acerbe"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbī",
"links": [
[
"acerbī",
"acerbi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbī",
"links": [
[
"acerbī",
"acerbi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbī",
"links": [
[
"acerbī",
"acerbi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbōrum",
"links": [
[
"acerbōrum",
"acerborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbārum",
"links": [
[
"acerbārum",
"acerbarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbōrum",
"links": [
[
"acerbōrum",
"acerborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbō",
"links": [
[
"acerbō",
"acerbo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbō",
"links": [
[
"acerbō",
"acerbo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbīs",
"links": [
[
"acerbīs",
"acerbis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbōs",
"links": [
[
"acerbōs",
"acerbos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbās",
"links": [
[
"acerbās",
"acerbas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbō",
"links": [
[
"acerbō",
"acerbo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbā",
"links": [
[
"acerbā",
"acerba#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbō",
"links": [
[
"acerbō",
"acerbo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbīs",
"links": [
[
"acerbīs",
"acerbis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbī",
"links": [
[
"acerbī",
"acerbi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "acerbus",
"adv": "acerbē",
"comp": "acerbior",
"sup": "acerbissimus"
},
"expansion": "acerbus (feminine acerba, neuter acerbum, comparative acerbior, superlative acerbissimus, adverb acerbē); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "acerbus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 0 46 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 39 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 0 47 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 0 47 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 0 36 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 0 35 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 0 35 39",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "la:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable"
],
"id": "en-acerbus-la-adj-SwDZ7Fe6",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
],
[
"unripe",
"unripe"
],
[
"sour",
"sour"
],
[
"premature",
"premature"
],
[
"marriageable",
"marriageable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of taste) harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of taste"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "asper"
},
{
"word": "ācer"
},
{
"word": "frāctus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"english": "the bitter cold",
"text": "frīgus acerbum",
"translation": "the bitter cold",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sharp, severe, bitter (i.e., extremely painful)"
],
"id": "en-acerbus-la-adj-wxiByoVu",
"links": [
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mītis"
},
{
"word": "tranquillus"
},
{
"word": "misericors"
},
{
"word": "placidus"
},
{
"word": "quietus"
},
{
"word": "clemens"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 0 46 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 39 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 0 47 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 0 47 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 0 36 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 0 35 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 0 35 39",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "la:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter"
],
"id": "en-acerbus-la-adj-x6~4EmRY",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"grievous",
"grievous"
],
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a person) rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "trux"
},
{
"word": "ferōx"
},
{
"word": "atrōx"
},
{
"word": "violēns"
},
{
"word": "immānis"
},
{
"word": "efferus"
},
{
"word": "ferus"
},
{
"word": "crūdēlis"
},
{
"word": "barbaricus"
},
{
"word": "silvāticus"
},
{
"word": "ācer"
},
{
"word": "sevērus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 8 39 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 0 47 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 0 47 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 0 36 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 0 35 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 0 35 39",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "la:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a sad conflagration",
"ref": "c.''' 30 BCE, Cicero, Dē Lēgibus 2.24.61",
"text": "acerbum incendium",
"translation": "a sad conflagration"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oppressive, distressing, sad"
],
"id": "en-acerbus-la-adj-W1uilNOj",
"links": [
[
"oppressive",
"oppressive"
],
[
"distressing",
"distressing"
],
[
"sad",
"sad"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[aˈkɛr.bʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[aˈt͡ʃɛr.bus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "acerbus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱ-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"la:Emotions",
"la:Taste",
"la:Weather"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "acerbē"
},
{
"word": "acerbitās"
},
{
"word": "acerbitūdō"
},
{
"word": "acerbō"
},
{
"word": "peracerbus"
},
{
"word": "semiacerbus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerb"
},
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "garb"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerb"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerbic"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerba"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerbe"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "garp"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerbo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerbo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerbo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerb"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "acherbu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "acerbu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "chervu"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "acerbo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*akriðos<ety:af<*akris><*-iðos<ety:inh<ine-pro:<alt:*-dʰh₁-os><ety:from<*dʰeh₁-<id:do>>>>>>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*akris\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-dʰh₁-os\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-iðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*akriðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"acerbus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"acerbus\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*akriðos",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *akriðos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*akriðos"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-iðos"
},
"expansion": "*-iðos",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-idus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -idus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos, itself from earlier *akris + *-iðos (whence Latin -idus). More specifically, the term followed a development from *akriðos > *akṛðos > *akerðos > *akerβos > acerbus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "acerba",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbē",
"links": [
[
"acerbē",
"acerbe"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbī",
"links": [
[
"acerbī",
"acerbi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbī",
"links": [
[
"acerbī",
"acerbi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbī",
"links": [
[
"acerbī",
"acerbi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbōrum",
"links": [
[
"acerbōrum",
"acerborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbārum",
"links": [
[
"acerbārum",
"acerbarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbōrum",
"links": [
[
"acerbōrum",
"acerborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbō",
"links": [
[
"acerbō",
"acerbo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbō",
"links": [
[
"acerbō",
"acerbo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbīs",
"links": [
[
"acerbīs",
"acerbis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbōs",
"links": [
[
"acerbōs",
"acerbos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbās",
"links": [
[
"acerbās",
"acerbas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbō",
"links": [
[
"acerbō",
"acerbo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbā",
"links": [
[
"acerbā",
"acerba#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbō",
"links": [
[
"acerbō",
"acerbo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbīs",
"links": [
[
"acerbīs",
"acerbis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbī",
"links": [
[
"acerbī",
"acerbi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "acerba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "acerbus",
"adv": "acerbē",
"comp": "acerbior",
"sup": "acerbissimus"
},
"expansion": "acerbus (feminine acerba, neuter acerbum, comparative acerbior, superlative acerbissimus, adverb acerbē); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "acerbus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
],
[
"unripe",
"unripe"
],
[
"sour",
"sour"
],
[
"premature",
"premature"
],
[
"marriageable",
"marriageable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of taste) harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of taste"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "asper"
},
{
"word": "ācer"
},
{
"word": "frāctus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"english": "the bitter cold",
"text": "frīgus acerbum",
"translation": "the bitter cold",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sharp, severe, bitter (i.e., extremely painful)"
],
"links": [
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mītis"
},
{
"word": "tranquillus"
},
{
"word": "misericors"
},
{
"word": "placidus"
},
{
"word": "quietus"
},
{
"word": "clemens"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"grievous",
"grievous"
],
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a person) rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "trux"
},
{
"word": "ferōx"
},
{
"word": "atrōx"
},
{
"word": "violēns"
},
{
"word": "immānis"
},
{
"word": "efferus"
},
{
"word": "ferus"
},
{
"word": "crūdēlis"
},
{
"word": "barbaricus"
},
{
"word": "silvāticus"
},
{
"word": "ācer"
},
{
"word": "sevērus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "a sad conflagration",
"ref": "c.''' 30 BCE, Cicero, Dē Lēgibus 2.24.61",
"text": "acerbum incendium",
"translation": "a sad conflagration"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oppressive, distressing, sad"
],
"links": [
[
"oppressive",
"oppressive"
],
[
"distressing",
"distressing"
],
[
"sad",
"sad"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[aˈkɛr.bʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[aˈt͡ʃɛr.bus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "acerbus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for acerbus meaning in Latin (10.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.