See asper in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for asper meaning in Latin (8.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "asperiter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "asperitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "asperitūdō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "asperē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "asperō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "asperūgō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "perasper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "subasper"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ashpër"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: ashpër",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: ashpër"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "ascuru"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: ascuru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: ascuru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "aspru",
"3": "ásperu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: aspru, ásperu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: aspru, ásperu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "aspre"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: aspre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: aspre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "âpre"
},
"expansion": "French: âpre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: âpre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "áspero"
},
"expansion": "Galician: áspero",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: áspero"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "άσπρο"
},
"expansion": "Greek: άσπρο (áspro)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: άσπρο (áspro)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "aspro"
},
"expansion": "Italian: aspro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: aspro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "άσπρος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: άσπρος (áspros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: άσπρος (áspros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "aspre"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: aspre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: aspre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "áspero"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: áspero",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: áspero"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "aspru"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: aspru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: aspru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "aspru",
"3": "aspu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: aspru, aspu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: aspru, aspu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "áspero"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: áspero",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: áspero"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂esp-",
"t": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "*h₂esp- (“to cut”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀσπίς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀσπίς (aspís)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"tr": "ḫasp-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (ḫasp-)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂esp- (“to cut”), also present in Ancient Greek ἀσπίς (aspís) and Hittite [script needed] (ḫasp-).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aspera",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "asperum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "asperior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "asperrimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "asperē",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "in -er",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "asper",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aspera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aspera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aspera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asper",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aspera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "asperum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "asperī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "asperae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aspera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "asper",
"adv": "asperē",
"comp": "asperior",
"sup": "asperrimus"
},
"expansion": "asper (feminine aspera, neuter asperum, comparative asperior, superlative asperrimus, adverb asperē); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "asper"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 17 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin first and second declension adjectives with nominative masculine singular in -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough, uneven, coarse"
],
"id": "en-asper-la-adj-2dMmwvc6",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 17 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin first and second declension adjectives with nominative masculine singular in -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unrefined, rude"
],
"id": "en-asper-la-adj-~~c~wQMg",
"links": [
[
"unrefined",
"unrefined"
],
[
"rude",
"rude"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 1 56 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 17 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin first and second declension adjectives with nominative masculine singular in -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sharp, newly minted"
],
"id": "en-asper-la-adj-oV5AdFW7",
"links": [
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"newly",
"newly"
],
[
"minted",
"minted"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 17 28 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin first and second declension adjectives with nominative masculine singular in -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bitter hatred",
"text": "odia aspera",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh, bitter, fierce"
],
"id": "en-asper-la-adj-0E7bFejP",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ācer"
},
{
"word": "acerbus"
},
{
"word": "frāctus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈas.per/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈäs̠pɛr]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈas.per/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈäsper]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "asper"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives with nominative masculine singular in -er",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "asperiter"
},
{
"word": "asperitās"
},
{
"word": "asperitūdō"
},
{
"word": "asperē"
},
{
"word": "asperō"
},
{
"word": "asperūgō"
},
{
"word": "perasper"
},
{
"word": "subasper"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ashpër"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: ashpër",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: ashpër"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "ascuru"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: ascuru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: ascuru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "aspru",
"3": "ásperu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: aspru, ásperu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: aspru, ásperu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "aspre"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: aspre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: aspre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "âpre"
},
"expansion": "French: âpre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: âpre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "áspero"
},
"expansion": "Galician: áspero",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: áspero"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "άσπρο"
},
"expansion": "Greek: άσπρο (áspro)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: άσπρο (áspro)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "aspro"
},
"expansion": "Italian: aspro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: aspro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "άσπρος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: άσπρος (áspros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: άσπρος (áspros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "aspre"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: aspre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: aspre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "áspero"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: áspero",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: áspero"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "aspru"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: aspru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: aspru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "aspru",
"3": "aspu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: aspru, aspu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: aspru, aspu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "áspero"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: áspero",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: áspero"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂esp-",
"t": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "*h₂esp- (“to cut”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀσπίς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀσπίς (aspís)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"tr": "ḫasp-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (ḫasp-)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂esp- (“to cut”), also present in Ancient Greek ἀσπίς (aspís) and Hittite [script needed] (ḫasp-).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aspera",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "asperum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "asperior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "asperrimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "asperē",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "in -er",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "asper",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aspera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aspera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aspera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asperō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "asperīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "asper",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aspera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "asperum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "asperī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "asperae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "aspera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "asper",
"adv": "asperē",
"comp": "asperior",
"sup": "asperrimus"
},
"expansion": "asper (feminine aspera, neuter asperum, comparative asperior, superlative asperrimus, adverb asperē); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "asper"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rough, uneven, coarse"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"unrefined, rude"
],
"links": [
[
"unrefined",
"unrefined"
],
[
"rude",
"rude"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sharp, newly minted"
],
"links": [
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"newly",
"newly"
],
[
"minted",
"minted"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bitter hatred",
"text": "odia aspera",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh, bitter, fierce"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ācer"
},
{
"word": "acerbus"
},
{
"word": "frāctus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈas.per/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈäs̠pɛr]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈas.per/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈäsper]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "asper"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.