See kova in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “hard”",
"word": "pehmiä"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “harsh”",
"word": "raju"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “harsh”",
"word": "valju"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “harsh”",
"word": "valjo"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “rough”",
"word": "pehmiä"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kovain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kovast"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kovin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kovvuus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*kova"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *kova",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kova"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kova",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kõva"
},
"expansion": "Estonian kõva",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *kova. Cognates include Finnish kova and Estonian kõva.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kovemp",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "3/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kova",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovviin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovvaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovvia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovvaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovvii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koville",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koval",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koviks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kovanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovvaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovinna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovviin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovant",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "kovemp",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kova (comparative kovemp)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kovemp"
},
"expansion": "kova (comparative kovemp)",
"name": "izh-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ko‧va"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And the fishermen - they are on the sea all winter, and thank the frost, that it keeps the ice hard.",
"ref": "1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 12:",
"text": "A kalastajat - koko talvia merel ollaa, ja pakkaist kittäät, etti jään kovanna pittää.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard"
],
"id": "en-kova-izh-adj-7VRluSIN",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 87 3 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "When late autumn comes, the harsh winter sets in.",
"ref": "18th century, “Kui tulloo syvä syksy [When late autumn comes]”:",
"text": "Kui tulloo syvä syksy, kova talvi tallajaa.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"id": "en-kova-izh-adj-vYePoik9",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"id": "en-kova-izh-adj--BHrXFbu",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strong, sturdy"
],
"id": "en-kova-izh-adj-CwpOeaG-",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"sturdy",
"sturdy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoʋɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈko̞ʋɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoʋɑ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈko̞ʋɑ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-oʋɑ"
}
],
"word": "kova"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “hard”",
"word": "pehmiä"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “harsh”",
"word": "raju"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “harsh”",
"word": "valju"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “harsh”",
"word": "valjo"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “rough”",
"word": "pehmiä"
}
],
"categories": [
"Ingrian adjectives",
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/oʋɑ",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/oʋɑ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kovain"
},
{
"word": "kovast"
},
{
"word": "kovin"
},
{
"word": "kovvuus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*kova"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *kova",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kova"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kova",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kõva"
},
"expansion": "Estonian kõva",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *kova. Cognates include Finnish kova and Estonian kõva.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kovemp",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "3/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kova",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovviin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovvaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovvia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovvaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovvii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koville",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koval",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koviks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kovanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovvaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovinna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovviin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kovant",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kovint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "kovemp",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kova (comparative kovemp)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kovemp"
},
"expansion": "kova (comparative kovemp)",
"name": "izh-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ko‧va"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And the fishermen - they are on the sea all winter, and thank the frost, that it keeps the ice hard.",
"ref": "1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 12:",
"text": "A kalastajat - koko talvia merel ollaa, ja pakkaist kittäät, etti jään kovanna pittää.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "When late autumn comes, the harsh winter sets in.",
"ref": "18th century, “Kui tulloo syvä syksy [When late autumn comes]”:",
"text": "Kui tulloo syvä syksy, kova talvi tallajaa.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strong, sturdy"
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"sturdy",
"sturdy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoʋɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈko̞ʋɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoʋɑ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈko̞ʋɑ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-oʋɑ"
}
],
"word": "kova"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kova meaning in Ingrian (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ingrian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.