"cruel" meaning in French

See cruel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /kʁy.ɛl/ Audio: Fr-cruel.ogg Forms: cruelle [feminine], cruels [masculine, plural], cruelles [feminine, plural]
Etymology: Inherited from Old French cruel, from Latin crūdēlis; either remade based on the Latin or evolved from the Old French form crual, possibly from a Vulgar Latin form *crūdālis. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|fro|cruel|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old French cruel, {{inh+|fr|fro|cruel}} Inherited from Old French cruel, {{inh|fr|la|crūdēlis}} Latin crūdēlis, {{m|fro|crual}} crual, {{inh|fr|VL.|-}} Vulgar Latin, {{m|la|*crūdālis}} *crūdālis Head templates: {{fr-adj}} cruel (feminine cruelle, masculine plural cruels, feminine plural cruelles)
  1. cruel
    Sense id: en-cruel-fr-adj-tMoy17Db Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 26 74
  2. hard, painful Categories (topical): Personality
    Sense id: en-cruel-fr-adj-mqLsaWZy Disambiguation of Personality: 0 100 Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 26 74
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: féroce, pénible Derived forms: cruellement Related terms: cruauté, cru

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for cruel meaning in French (2.7kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cruellement"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "cruel",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French cruel",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "cruel"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French cruel",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "crūdēlis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin crūdēlis",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "crual"
      },
      "expansion": "crual",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "*crūdālis"
      },
      "expansion": "*crūdālis",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French cruel, from Latin crūdēlis; either remade based on the Latin or evolved from the Old French form crual, possibly from a Vulgar Latin form *crūdālis.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cruelle",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cruels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cruelles",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cruel (feminine cruelle, masculine plural cruels, feminine plural cruelles)",
      "name": "fr-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cruauté"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cru"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cruel"
      ],
      "id": "en-cruel-fr-adj-tMoy17Db",
      "links": [
        [
          "cruel",
          "cruel#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "fr",
          "name": "Personality",
          "orig": "fr:Personality",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hard, painful"
      ],
      "id": "en-cruel-fr-adj-mqLsaWZy",
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "painful",
          "painful"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʁy.ɛl/"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "cruels"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "cruelle"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "cruelles"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-cruel.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/Fr-cruel.ogg/Fr-cruel.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Fr-cruel.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "féroce"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pénible"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cruel"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French adjectives",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with audio links",
    "French terms with homophones",
    "fr:Personality"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "cruellement"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "cruel",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French cruel",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "cruel"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French cruel",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "crūdēlis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin crūdēlis",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "crual"
      },
      "expansion": "crual",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "*crūdālis"
      },
      "expansion": "*crūdālis",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French cruel, from Latin crūdēlis; either remade based on the Latin or evolved from the Old French form crual, possibly from a Vulgar Latin form *crūdālis.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cruelle",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cruels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cruelles",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cruel (feminine cruelle, masculine plural cruels, feminine plural cruelles)",
      "name": "fr-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "cruauté"
    },
    {
      "word": "cru"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cruel"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cruel",
          "cruel#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hard, painful"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "painful",
          "painful"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʁy.ɛl/"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "cruels"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "cruelle"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "cruelles"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-cruel.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/Fr-cruel.ogg/Fr-cruel.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Fr-cruel.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "féroce"
    },
    {
      "word": "pénible"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cruel"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.