"cruel" meaning in French

See cruel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /kʁy.ɛl/ Audio: Fr-cruel.ogg Forms: cruelle [feminine], cruels [masculine, plural], cruelles [feminine, plural]
Etymology: Inherited from Old French cruel, from Latin crūdēlis; either remade based on the Latin or evolved from the Old French form crual, possibly from a Vulgar Latin form *crūdālis. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|fro|cruel|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old French cruel, {{inh+|fr|fro|cruel}} Inherited from Old French cruel, {{inh|fr|la|crūdēlis}} Latin crūdēlis, {{inh|fr|VL.|-}} Vulgar Latin Head templates: {{fr-adj}} cruel (feminine cruelle, masculine plural cruels, feminine plural cruelles)
  1. cruel
    Sense id: en-cruel-fr-adj-tMoy17Db
  2. hard, painful
    Sense id: en-cruel-fr-adj-mqLsaWZy Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 21 79
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (topical): Personality Synonyms: féroce, pénible Derived forms: cruellement Related terms: cruauté, cru
Disambiguation of Personality: 0 0

Inflected forms

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  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
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      "langcode": "fr",
      "name": "Personality",
      "orig": "fr:Personality",
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        "Human",
        "All topics",
        "Fundamental"
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      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cruellement"
    }
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  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
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      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "cruel",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French cruel",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "cruel"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French cruel",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
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      },
      "expansion": "Latin crūdēlis",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French cruel, from Latin crūdēlis; either remade based on the Latin or evolved from the Old French form crual, possibly from a Vulgar Latin form *crūdālis.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cruelle",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cruels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cruelles",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
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      "expansion": "cruel (feminine cruelle, masculine plural cruels, feminine plural cruelles)",
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  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cruauté"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cru"
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  "senses": [
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        "cruel"
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      "id": "en-cruel-fr-adj-tMoy17Db",
      "links": [
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          "cruel",
          "cruel#English"
        ]
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    },
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      "categories": [
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          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hard, painful"
      ],
      "id": "en-cruel-fr-adj-mqLsaWZy",
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "painful",
          "painful"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʁy.ɛl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-cruel.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/Fr-cruel.ogg/Fr-cruel.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Fr-cruel.ogg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "cruels"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "cruelle"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "cruelles"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "féroce"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pénible"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cruel"
}
{
  "categories": [
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    "French adjectives",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with homophones",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "es:Personality",
    "fr:Personality"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "cruellement"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
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      },
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        "2": "fro",
        "3": "cruel",
        "4": "",
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        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
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        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French cruel",
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        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "cruel"
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      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French cruel",
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    {
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        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "crūdēlis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin crūdēlis",
      "name": "inh"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French cruel, from Latin crūdēlis; either remade based on the Latin or evolved from the Old French form crual, possibly from a Vulgar Latin form *crūdālis.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cruelle",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cruels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cruelles",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cruel (feminine cruelle, masculine plural cruels, feminine plural cruelles)",
      "name": "fr-adj"
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  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "cruauté"
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    {
      "word": "cru"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
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      "glosses": [
        "cruel"
      ],
      "links": [
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          "cruel",
          "cruel#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hard, painful"
      ],
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        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "painful",
          "painful"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʁy.ɛl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-cruel.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/Fr-cruel.ogg/Fr-cruel.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Fr-cruel.ogg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "cruels"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "cruelle"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "cruelles"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "féroce"
    },
    {
      "word": "pénible"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cruel"
}

Download raw JSONL data for cruel meaning in French (2.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.