"दारुण" meaning in Sanskrit

See दारुण in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /dɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ́/ [Vedic], /ˈd̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/ [Classical-Sanskrit], /dɑ́ː.ɾu.ɳɐ/ [Vedic], /ˈd̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/ [Classical-Sanskrit] Forms: dāruṇá [romanization], dā́ruṇa [romanization]
Etymology: From दारु (dāru, “wood”). Initially referred to the hardness and roughness of wood, later changing to mean the following emotional states and situations. Head templates: {{sa-adj|tr=dāruṇá, dā́ruṇa}} दारुण • (dāruṇá, dā́ruṇa) stem
  1. hard, harsh (antonym of mṛdú)
    Sense id: en-दारुण-sa-adj-MFEkNWLJ Categories (other): Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script Disambiguation of Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script: 24 20 21 27 7
  2. rough, sharp, severe, cruel, pitiless
    Sense id: en-दारुण-sa-adj-fXGvLJhu Categories (other): Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script Disambiguation of Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script: 24 20 21 27 7
  3. dreadful, frightful
    Sense id: en-दारुण-sa-adj-MhV08EST Categories (other): Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script Disambiguation of Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script: 24 20 21 27 7
  4. intense, violent
    Sense id: en-दारुण-sa-adj-bzaLUgFq Categories (other): Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script Disambiguation of Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script: 24 20 21 27 7

Noun

IPA: /dɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ́/ [Vedic], /ˈd̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/ [Classical-Sanskrit], /dɑ́ː.ɾu.ɳɐ/ [Vedic], /ˈd̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/ [Classical-Sanskrit]
Etymology: From दारु (dāru, “wood”). Initially referred to the hardness and roughness of wood, later changing to mean the following emotional states and situations. Head templates: {{sa-noun|g=n}} दारुण • (dāruṇa) stem, n Inflection templates: {{sa-decl-noun-n}} Forms: dāruṇa [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], दारुणम् [nominative, singular], दारुणे [dual, nominative], दारुणानि [nominative, plural], दारुणा1 [nominative, plural], दारुण [singular, vocative], दारुणे [dual, vocative], दारुणानि [plural, vocative], दारुणा1 [plural, vocative], दारुणम् [accusative, singular], दारुणे [accusative, dual], दारुणानि [accusative, plural], दारुणा1 [accusative, plural], दारुणेन [instrumental, singular], दारुणाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], दारुणैः [instrumental, plural], दारुणेभिः1 [instrumental, plural], दारुणाय [dative, singular], दारुणाभ्याम् [dative, dual], दारुणेभ्यः [dative, plural], दारुणात् [ablative, singular], दारुणाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], दारुणेभ्यः [ablative, plural], दारुणस्य [genitive, singular], दारुणयोः [dual, genitive], दारुणानाम् [genitive, plural], दारुणे [locative, singular], दारुणयोः [dual, locative], दारुणेषु [locative, plural]
  1. ( in comp. or [ °am ] before a vb. to express excellence or superiority cf. g. [ kāṣṭhādi ] )
    harshness, severity, horror
    Sense id: en-दारुण-sa-noun-sXWVQK1h Categories (other): Pages with entries, Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header, Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 44 6 3 2 4 41 Disambiguation of Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header: 25 5 3 6 62 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 24 10 7 6 54 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations: 25 9 3 6 56
     
{
  "etymology_text": "From दारु (dāru, “wood”). Initially referred to the hardness and roughness of wood, later changing to mean the following emotional states and situations.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dāruṇá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dā́ruṇa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "dāruṇá, dā́ruṇa"
      },
      "expansion": "दारुण • (dāruṇá, dā́ruṇa) stem",
      "name": "sa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 20 21 27 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hard, harsh (antonym of mṛdú)"
      ],
      "id": "en-दारुण-sa-adj-MFEkNWLJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "mṛdú",
          "मृदु"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 20 21 27 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rough, sharp, severe, cruel, pitiless"
      ],
      "id": "en-दारुण-sa-adj-fXGvLJhu"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 20 21 27 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dreadful, frightful"
      ],
      "id": "en-दारुण-sa-adj-MhV08EST"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 20 21 27 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "intense, violent"
      ],
      "id": "en-दारुण-sa-adj-bzaLUgFq"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɑ́ː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "दारुण"
}

{
  "etymology_text": "From दारु (dāru, “wood”). Initially referred to the hardness and roughness of wood, later changing to mean the following emotional states and situations.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dāruṇa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणम्",
      "roman": "dāruṇam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणे",
      "roman": "dāruṇe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणानि",
      "roman": "dāruṇāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणा1",
      "roman": "dāruṇā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुण",
      "roman": "dāruṇa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणे",
      "roman": "dāruṇe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणानि",
      "roman": "dāruṇāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणा1",
      "roman": "dāruṇā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणम्",
      "roman": "dāruṇam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणे",
      "roman": "dāruṇe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणानि",
      "roman": "dāruṇāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणा1",
      "roman": "dāruṇā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणेन",
      "roman": "dāruṇena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "dāruṇābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणैः",
      "roman": "dāruṇaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणेभिः1",
      "roman": "dāruṇebhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणाय",
      "roman": "dāruṇāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "dāruṇābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणेभ्यः",
      "roman": "dāruṇebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणात्",
      "roman": "dāruṇāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "dāruṇābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणेभ्यः",
      "roman": "dāruṇebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणस्य",
      "roman": "dāruṇasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणयोः",
      "roman": "dāruṇayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणानाम्",
      "roman": "dāruṇānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणे",
      "roman": "dāruṇe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणयोः",
      "roman": "dāruṇayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणेषु",
      "roman": "dāruṇeṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "दारुण • (dāruṇa) stem, n",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "44 6 3 2 4 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 5 3 6 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 10 7 6 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 9 3 6 56",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "harshness, severity, horror"
      ],
      "id": "en-दारुण-sa-noun-sXWVQK1h",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "( in comp. or [ °am ] before a vb. to express excellence or superiority cf. g. [ kāṣṭhādi ] )",
        "harshness, severity, horror"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in comp. or [ °am ] before a vb. to express excellence or superiority cf. g. [ kāṣṭhādi ]"
      ],
      "tags": []
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɑ́ː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "दारुण"
}

{
  "categories": [
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    "Pages with entries",
    "Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
    "Sanskrit adjectives",
    "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
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    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit neuter nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations"
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From दारु (dāru, “wood”). Initially referred to the hardness and roughness of wood, later changing to mean the following emotional states and situations.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dāruṇá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dā́ruṇa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "dāruṇá, dā́ruṇa"
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      "expansion": "दारुण • (dāruṇá, dā́ruṇa) stem",
      "name": "sa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hard, harsh (antonym of mṛdú)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mṛdú",
          "मृदु"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rough, sharp, severe, cruel, pitiless"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "dreadful, frightful"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "intense, violent"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɑ́ː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "दारुण"
}

{
  "categories": [
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    "Pages with entries",
    "Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
    "Sanskrit adjectives",
    "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit neuter nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations"
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From दारु (dāru, “wood”). Initially referred to the hardness and roughness of wood, later changing to mean the following emotional states and situations.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dāruṇa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणम्",
      "roman": "dāruṇam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणे",
      "roman": "dāruṇe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणानि",
      "roman": "dāruṇāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणा1",
      "roman": "dāruṇā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुण",
      "roman": "dāruṇa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणे",
      "roman": "dāruṇe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणानि",
      "roman": "dāruṇāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणा1",
      "roman": "dāruṇā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणम्",
      "roman": "dāruṇam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणे",
      "roman": "dāruṇe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणानि",
      "roman": "dāruṇāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणा1",
      "roman": "dāruṇā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणेन",
      "roman": "dāruṇena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "dāruṇābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणैः",
      "roman": "dāruṇaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणेभिः1",
      "roman": "dāruṇebhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणाय",
      "roman": "dāruṇāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "dāruṇābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणेभ्यः",
      "roman": "dāruṇebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणात्",
      "roman": "dāruṇāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "dāruṇābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणेभ्यः",
      "roman": "dāruṇebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणस्य",
      "roman": "dāruṇasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणयोः",
      "roman": "dāruṇayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणानाम्",
      "roman": "dāruṇānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणे",
      "roman": "dāruṇe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणयोः",
      "roman": "dāruṇayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दारुणेषु",
      "roman": "dāruṇeṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "दारुण • (dāruṇa) stem, n",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "harshness, severity, horror"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "( in comp. or [ °am ] before a vb. to express excellence or superiority cf. g. [ kāṣṭhādi ] )",
        "harshness, severity, horror"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in comp. or [ °am ] before a vb. to express excellence or superiority cf. g. [ kāṣṭhādi ]"
      ],
      "tags": []
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɑ́ː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "दारुण"
}

Download raw JSONL data for दारुण meaning in Sanskrit (6.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
  "path": [
    "दारुण"
  ],
  "section": "Sanskrit",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "दारुण",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.