See दारुण in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "From दारु (dāru, “wood”). Initially referred to the hardness and roughness of wood, later changing to mean the following emotional states and situations.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dāruṇá",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "dā́ruṇa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tr": "dāruṇá, dā́ruṇa"
},
"expansion": "दारुण • (dāruṇá, dā́ruṇa) stem",
"name": "sa-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 26 21 31 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, harsh (antonym of mṛdú)"
],
"id": "en-दारुण-sa-adj-MFEkNWLJ",
"links": [
[
"mṛdú",
"मृदु"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 26 21 31 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough, sharp, severe, cruel, pitiless"
],
"id": "en-दारुण-sa-adj-fXGvLJhu"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 26 21 31 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dreadful, frightful"
],
"id": "en-दारुण-sa-adj-MhV08EST"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 26 21 31 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"intense, violent"
],
"id": "en-दारुण-sa-adj-bzaLUgFq"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɑ́ː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "दारुण"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From दारु (dāru, “wood”). Initially referred to the hardness and roughness of wood, later changing to mean the following emotional states and situations.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dāruṇa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणम्",
"roman": "dāruṇam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणे",
"roman": "dāruṇe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणानि",
"roman": "dāruṇāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणा1",
"roman": "dāruṇā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणम्",
"roman": "dāruṇam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणे",
"roman": "dāruṇe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणानि",
"roman": "dāruṇāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणा1",
"roman": "dāruṇā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणेन",
"roman": "dāruṇena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणाभ्याम्",
"roman": "dāruṇābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणैः",
"roman": "dāruṇaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणेभिः1",
"roman": "dāruṇebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणाय",
"roman": "dāruṇāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणाभ्याम्",
"roman": "dāruṇābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणेभ्यः",
"roman": "dāruṇebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणात्",
"roman": "dāruṇāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणाभ्याम्",
"roman": "dāruṇābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणेभ्यः",
"roman": "dāruṇebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणस्य",
"roman": "dāruṇasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणयोः",
"roman": "dāruṇayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणानाम्",
"roman": "dāruṇānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणे",
"roman": "dāruṇe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणयोः",
"roman": "dāruṇayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणेषु",
"roman": "dāruṇeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुण",
"roman": "dāruṇa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणे",
"roman": "dāruṇe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणानि",
"roman": "dāruṇāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणा1",
"roman": "dāruṇā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "दारुण • (dāruṇa) stem, n",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 1 3 2 5 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 6 13 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 24 9 17 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 21 14 13 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 20 8 14 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harshness, severity, horror"
],
"id": "en-दारुण-sa-noun-sXWVQK1h",
"raw_glosses": [
"( in comp. or [ °am ] before a vb. to express excellence or superiority cf. g. [ kāṣṭhādi ] )",
"harshness, severity, horror"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in comp. or [ °am ] before a vb. to express excellence or superiority cf. g. [ kāṣṭhādi ]"
],
"tags": []
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɑ́ː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "दारुण"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
"Sanskrit adjectives",
"Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
"Sanskrit neuter nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"etymology_text": "From दारु (dāru, “wood”). Initially referred to the hardness and roughness of wood, later changing to mean the following emotional states and situations.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dāruṇá",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "dā́ruṇa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tr": "dāruṇá, dā́ruṇa"
},
"expansion": "दारुण • (dāruṇá, dā́ruṇa) stem",
"name": "sa-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard, harsh (antonym of mṛdú)"
],
"links": [
[
"mṛdú",
"मृदु"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rough, sharp, severe, cruel, pitiless"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dreadful, frightful"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"intense, violent"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɑ́ː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "दारुण"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
"Sanskrit adjectives",
"Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
"Sanskrit neuter nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"etymology_text": "From दारु (dāru, “wood”). Initially referred to the hardness and roughness of wood, later changing to mean the following emotional states and situations.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dāruṇa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणम्",
"roman": "dāruṇam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणे",
"roman": "dāruṇe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणानि",
"roman": "dāruṇāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणा1",
"roman": "dāruṇā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणम्",
"roman": "dāruṇam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणे",
"roman": "dāruṇe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणानि",
"roman": "dāruṇāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणा1",
"roman": "dāruṇā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणेन",
"roman": "dāruṇena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणाभ्याम्",
"roman": "dāruṇābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणैः",
"roman": "dāruṇaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणेभिः1",
"roman": "dāruṇebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणाय",
"roman": "dāruṇāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणाभ्याम्",
"roman": "dāruṇābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणेभ्यः",
"roman": "dāruṇebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणात्",
"roman": "dāruṇāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणाभ्याम्",
"roman": "dāruṇābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणेभ्यः",
"roman": "dāruṇebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणस्य",
"roman": "dāruṇasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणयोः",
"roman": "dāruṇayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणानाम्",
"roman": "dāruṇānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणे",
"roman": "dāruṇe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणयोः",
"roman": "dāruṇayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणेषु",
"roman": "dāruṇeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुण",
"roman": "dāruṇa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणे",
"roman": "dāruṇe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणानि",
"roman": "dāruṇāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "दारुणा1",
"roman": "dāruṇā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "दारुण • (dāruṇa) stem, n",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"harshness, severity, horror"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"( in comp. or [ °am ] before a vb. to express excellence or superiority cf. g. [ kāṣṭhādi ] )",
"harshness, severity, horror"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in comp. or [ °am ] before a vb. to express excellence or superiority cf. g. [ kāṣṭhādi ]"
],
"tags": []
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɑ́ː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ɑː.ɾu.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "दारुण"
}
Download raw JSONL data for दारुण meaning in Sanskrit (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.