"ruw" meaning in Dutch

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ruwheid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ruwweg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "verruwen"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "ru"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: ru",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: ru"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dcr",
            "2": "rauw"
          },
          "expansion": "Negerhollands: rauw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Negerhollands: rauw"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "ruuch"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch ruuch",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ru"
      },
      "expansion": "ru",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "rou"
      },
      "expansion": "rou",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*rūh"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *rūh",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "*rū"
      },
      "expansion": "*rū",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*rūhwaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "*rū-"
      },
      "expansion": "*rū-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "*rū"
      },
      "expansion": "*rū",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ru"
      },
      "expansion": "ru",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "rou"
      },
      "expansion": "rou",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ruw"
      },
      "expansion": "ruw",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "rouw"
      },
      "expansion": "rouw",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ruig"
      },
      "expansion": "ruig",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "hoog"
      },
      "expansion": "hoog",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch ruuch, ru, rou, from Old Dutch *rūh, *rū, from Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz. The original stem ended in -h-, which disappeared between vowels, giving *rū- in the inflected forms in Old Dutch. This then gave rise to an alternative uninflected form *rū, which developed into Middle Dutch ru, rou, modern Dutch ruw, rouw. The original uninflected form was back-formed to ruig based on other words with -ch in the uninflected form and -g- in inflected forms, similar to what happened to hoog.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruwer",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwst",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-decl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "positive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "comparative",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het ruwst",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het ruwste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruws",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwers",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "partitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ruw (comparative ruwer, superlative ruwst)",
      "name": "nl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "nl-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rough, crude, harsh (not gentle)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ruw-nl-adj-8JQ0MsGX",
      "links": [
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "crude",
          "crude"
        ],
        [
          "harsh",
          "harsh"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "rauw"
        },
        {
          "word": "ruig"
        },
        {
          "word": "grof"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The raw sugar enters the building right here.",
          "text": "De ruwe suiker wordt hier binnengebracht.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "This is a byproduct of crude oil.",
          "text": "Dit is een bijproduct van ruwe olie.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "raw, crude (unprocessed)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ruw-nl-adj-kEGVaWTE",
      "links": [
        [
          "raw",
          "raw"
        ],
        [
          "crude",
          "crude"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ryu̯/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-yu̯"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-ruw.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Nl-ruw.ogg/Nl-ruw.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Nl-ruw.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rouw"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruw"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "ruw",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 16 53 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "ruwen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of ruwen:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
        "first-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "id": "en-ruw-nl-verb-wV7Z8BJZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruwen",
          "ruwen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of ruwen:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "ruwen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of ruwen:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
        "imperative"
      ],
      "id": "en-ruw-nl-verb-AnLG57yU",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruwen",
          "ruwen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of ruwen:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ryu̯/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-yu̯"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-ruw.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Nl-ruw.ogg/Nl-ruw.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Nl-ruw.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rouw"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruw"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch adjectives",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch non-lemma forms",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Dutch terms with audio links",
    "Dutch verb forms",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/yu̯",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/yu̯/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ruwheid"
    },
    {
      "word": "ruwweg"
    },
    {
      "word": "verruwen"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "ru"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: ru",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: ru"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dcr",
            "2": "rauw"
          },
          "expansion": "Negerhollands: rauw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Negerhollands: rauw"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "ruuch"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch ruuch",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ru"
      },
      "expansion": "ru",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "rou"
      },
      "expansion": "rou",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*rūh"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *rūh",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "*rū"
      },
      "expansion": "*rū",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*rūhwaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "*rū-"
      },
      "expansion": "*rū-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "*rū"
      },
      "expansion": "*rū",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ru"
      },
      "expansion": "ru",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "rou"
      },
      "expansion": "rou",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ruw"
      },
      "expansion": "ruw",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "rouw"
      },
      "expansion": "rouw",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ruig"
      },
      "expansion": "ruig",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "hoog"
      },
      "expansion": "hoog",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch ruuch, ru, rou, from Old Dutch *rūh, *rū, from Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz. The original stem ended in -h-, which disappeared between vowels, giving *rū- in the inflected forms in Old Dutch. This then gave rise to an alternative uninflected form *rū, which developed into Middle Dutch ru, rou, modern Dutch ruw, rouw. The original uninflected form was back-formed to ruig based on other words with -ch in the uninflected form and -g- in inflected forms, similar to what happened to hoog.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruwer",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwst",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-decl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "positive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "comparative",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het ruwst",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het ruwste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "predicative",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "positive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruws",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruwers",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "partitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ruw (comparative ruwer, superlative ruwst)",
      "name": "nl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "nl-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rough, crude, harsh (not gentle)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "crude",
          "crude"
        ],
        [
          "harsh",
          "harsh"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "rauw"
        },
        {
          "word": "ruig"
        },
        {
          "word": "grof"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The raw sugar enters the building right here.",
          "text": "De ruwe suiker wordt hier binnengebracht.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "This is a byproduct of crude oil.",
          "text": "Dit is een bijproduct van ruwe olie.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "raw, crude (unprocessed)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "raw",
          "raw"
        ],
        [
          "crude",
          "crude"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ryu̯/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-yu̯"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-ruw.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Nl-ruw.ogg/Nl-ruw.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Nl-ruw.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "rouw"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruw"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch non-lemma forms",
    "Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Dutch terms with audio links",
    "Dutch verb forms",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/yu̯",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/yu̯/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "ruw",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "ruwen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of ruwen:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
        "first-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ruwen",
          "ruwen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of ruwen:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "ruwen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of ruwen:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
        "imperative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ruwen",
          "ruwen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of ruwen:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ryu̯/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-yu̯"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-ruw.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Nl-ruw.ogg/Nl-ruw.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Nl-ruw.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "rouw"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruw"
}