See vicious in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Personality",
"orig": "en:Personality",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ultravicious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "unvicious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vicious circle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vicious cycle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vicious intromission"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "viciously"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "viciousness"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*dwóh₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwóh₁"
],
[
"*dwóh₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwóh₁#Proto-Indo-European:_two"
],
[
"*(d)wi-tyo-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwi-"
],
[
"*dwi-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwi-"
],
[
"*wí",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wí"
],
[
"vitium",
"vitium#Latin"
],
[
"*h₃ed-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ed-#Proto-Indo-European:_smell"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"-ōssus",
"-ossus#Latin"
],
[
"-ōsus",
"-osus#Latin"
],
[
"vitiōsus",
"vitiosus#Latin"
],
[
"vicious",
"vicious#Old_French"
],
[
"vicious",
"vicious#Middle_English"
],
[
"vicious",
"vicious#Middle_English"
],
[
"vicious",
"vicious#Old_French"
],
[
"vicieux",
"vicieux#French"
],
[
"vitiōsus",
"vitiosus#Latin"
],
[
"vitium",
"vitium#Latin"
],
[
"vice",
"vice#English"
],
[
"-ous",
"-ous#English"
]
],
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"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "langname"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine",
"3": "dwóh₁",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "word"
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "dwóh₁"
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"expansion": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:vicious",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo-?\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *dwi-\nProto-Indo-European *wí?\nLatin vitium\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nLatin vitiōsus\nAnglo-Norman viciousbor.\nMiddle English vicious\nEnglish vicious\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(d)wi-tyo-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"two\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwóh₁\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwi-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"2\" : \"*dwóh₁<id:two>\", \"id\" : \"two\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwi-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wí\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vitium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ŏ̄dsos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₃édos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"smell\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃ed-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōssus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōsus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vitiōsus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"vicious\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"vicious\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"vicious\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"vicious\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vicious",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vicious",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vicieux"
},
"expansion": "French vicieux",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vice",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "vice + -ous",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:vicious",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo-?\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *dwi-\nProto-Indo-European *wí?\nLatin vitium\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nLatin vitiōsus\nAnglo-Norman viciousbor.\nMiddle English vicious\nEnglish vicious",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁\nEtymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo-?\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *dwi-\nProto-Indo-European *wí?\nLatin vitium\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nLatin vitiōsus\nAnglo-Norman viciousbor.\nMiddle English vicious\nEnglish vicious\nFrom Middle English vicious, from Anglo-Norman vicious, (modern French vicieux), from Latin vitiōsus, from vitium (“fault, vice”). Equivalent to vice + -ous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more vicious",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouser",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most vicious",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "viciousest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "vitious",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "more,er"
},
"expansion": "vicious (comparative more vicious or viciouser, superlative most vicious or viciousest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vice#Related_terms"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 9 23 3 8 27 14 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 47 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 39 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 37 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Violent, destructive and cruel."
],
"id": "en-vicious-en-adj-uGUGLNfk",
"links": [
[
"Violent",
"violent"
],
[
"destructive",
"destructive"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zăl",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "зъл"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zloben",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "злобен"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "bàonüè de",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "暴虐的"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "cánbào de",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "殘暴的 /残暴的"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "raju"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "tuhoisa"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "väkivaltainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "violent (e)"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "destructif"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "destructive"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "damangreveli",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "დამანგრეველი"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "agresiuli",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "აგრესიული"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "gewalttätig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "destruktiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "rosszindulatú"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "rossz"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "gonosz"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "violento"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "ja",
"english": "violent, furious",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kyōbō",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"translation": "violent, furious",
"word": "狂暴"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "ja",
"english": "dangerous",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kiken",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"translation": "dangerous",
"word": "危険"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "bezwzględny"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "zacietrzewiony"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "atroz"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "brutal"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "cruel"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desapiedado"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "destrutivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sanguinolento"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "violento"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "zloj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "злой"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "zlóbnyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "зло́бный"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "járostnyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "я́ростный"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "svirépyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "свире́пый"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "agresif"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "saldırgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "haşin",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "خشین"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "zlyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "злий"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 47 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 39 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 37 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
109,
116
]
],
"ref": "1922, Michael Arlen, “2/9/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:",
"text": "He had always been remarkably immune from such little ailments, and had only once in his life been ill, of a vicious pneumonia long ago at school. He hadn't the faintest idea what to with a cold in the head, he just took quinine and continued to blow his nose.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Savage and aggressive."
],
"id": "en-vicious-en-adj-edCyUbG3",
"links": [
[
"Savage",
"savage"
],
[
"aggressive",
"aggressive"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "bravu"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "xiōnghàn de",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "凶悍的"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "xiōngbào de",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "凶暴的"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "raaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "julma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ärhäkkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressiivinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "agresiuli",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "აგრესიული"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "veluri",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ველური"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "grausam"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "vad"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "dühödt"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ádáz"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "ja",
"english": "violent, furious",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kyōbō",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"translation": "violent, furious",
"word": "狂暴"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "ja",
"english": "dangerous",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kiken",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"translation": "dangerous",
"word": "危険"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "narowisty"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "agressivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "selvagem"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 91 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "agresif"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 29 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 28 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 34 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 30 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ous",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 8 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 23 3 8 27 14 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 24 3 4 30 16 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 27 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 31 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 17 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cebuano translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 27 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 23 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 17 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 10 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 33 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 17 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 47 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 39 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 23 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Igbo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 35 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 27 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Javanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 31 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 37 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 15 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 33 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 10 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 27 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 14 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.195",
"text": "We may so seize on vertue, that if we embrace it with an over-greedy and violent desire, it may become vicious."
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
37
]
],
"ref": "1814, Jane Austen, Mansfield Park:",
"text": "Admiral Crawford was a man of vicious conduct, who chose, instead of retaining his niece, to bring his mistress under his own roof",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
59,
66
]
],
"ref": "1930, Ogden Nash, Lines to Be Mumbled at Ovington's:",
"text": "A murrain on you, Reverend Apse/I hope you get caught in a vicious moral lapse.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity."
],
"id": "en-vicious-en-adj-UruYBWph",
"links": [
[
"vice",
"vice"
],
[
"immorality",
"immorality"
],
[
"depravity",
"depravity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "aratavor",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "արատավոր"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "poročen",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "порочен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "mapintas nga"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "bùdàodé de",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "不道德的"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "duòluò de",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "墮落的 /堕落的"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "xié'è de",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "邪惡的 /邪恶的"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "neřestný"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "malvirta"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "paheellinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vicieux"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "manḳieri",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "მანკიერი"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "bic̣ieri",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ბიწიერი"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "uzneo",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "უზნეო"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "böse"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "boshaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "übel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "unmoralisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "unmanariggws",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "𐌿𐌽𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "erkölcstelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "ig",
"lang": "Igbo",
"lang_code": "ig",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ajọ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ainbhéasach"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "coirpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "drochmhúinte"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "duáilceach"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "mínáireach"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "oilbhéasach"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "olc"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "ja",
"english": "dishonest, crooked",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "akutoku",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"translation": "dishonest, crooked",
"word": "悪徳"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "ja",
"english": "corrupt, depraved",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "daraku shita",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"translation": "corrupt, depraved",
"word": "堕落した"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ganas"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vitiosus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "poróčnyj",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "поро́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vicioso"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "illvillig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "elak"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ond"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "omoralisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ahlaksız"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "kötü"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "muzır"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "gwydus"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪʃəs/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vicious.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-vicious.ogg/En-us-vicious.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-vicious.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəs"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "scathy"
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ed- (smell)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *dwóh₁",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ous",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French entries with etymon",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Old Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ed- (smell)",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *dwóh₁",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəs",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəs/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Igbo translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Javanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Personality"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ultravicious"
},
{
"word": "unvicious"
},
{
"word": "vicious circle"
},
{
"word": "vicious cycle"
},
{
"word": "vicious intromission"
},
{
"word": "viciously"
},
{
"word": "viciousness"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*dwóh₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwóh₁"
],
[
"*dwóh₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwóh₁#Proto-Indo-European:_two"
],
[
"*(d)wi-tyo-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwi-"
],
[
"*dwi-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwi-"
],
[
"*wí",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wí"
],
[
"vitium",
"vitium#Latin"
],
[
"*h₃ed-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ed-#Proto-Indo-European:_smell"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"-ōssus",
"-ossus#Latin"
],
[
"-ōsus",
"-osus#Latin"
],
[
"vitiōsus",
"vitiosus#Latin"
],
[
"vicious",
"vicious#Old_French"
],
[
"vicious",
"vicious#Middle_English"
],
[
"vicious",
"vicious#Middle_English"
],
[
"vicious",
"vicious#Old_French"
],
[
"vicieux",
"vicieux#French"
],
[
"vitiōsus",
"vitiosus#Latin"
],
[
"vitium",
"vitium#Latin"
],
[
"vice",
"vice#English"
],
[
"-ous",
"-ous#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine",
"3": "dwóh₁",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dwóh₁"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:vicious",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo-?\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *dwi-\nProto-Indo-European *wí?\nLatin vitium\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nLatin vitiōsus\nAnglo-Norman viciousbor.\nMiddle English vicious\nEnglish vicious\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(d)wi-tyo-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"two\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwóh₁\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwi-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"2\" : \"*dwóh₁<id:two>\", \"id\" : \"two\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwi-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wí\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vitium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ŏ̄dsos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₃édos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"smell\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃ed-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōssus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōsus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vitiōsus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"vicious\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"vicious\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"vicious\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"vicious\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vicious",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vicious",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vicieux"
},
"expansion": "French vicieux",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vice",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "vice + -ous",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:vicious",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo-?\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *dwi-\nProto-Indo-European *wí?\nLatin vitium\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nLatin vitiōsus\nAnglo-Norman viciousbor.\nMiddle English vicious\nEnglish vicious",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁\nEtymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo-?\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *dwi-\nProto-Indo-European *wí?\nLatin vitium\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nLatin vitiōsus\nAnglo-Norman viciousbor.\nMiddle English vicious\nEnglish vicious\nFrom Middle English vicious, from Anglo-Norman vicious, (modern French vicieux), from Latin vitiōsus, from vitium (“fault, vice”). Equivalent to vice + -ous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more vicious",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouser",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most vicious",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "viciousest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "vitious",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "more,er"
},
"expansion": "vicious (comparative more vicious or viciouser, superlative most vicious or viciousest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "vice#Related_terms"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Violent, destructive and cruel."
],
"links": [
[
"Violent",
"violent"
],
[
"destructive",
"destructive"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
109,
116
]
],
"ref": "1922, Michael Arlen, “2/9/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:",
"text": "He had always been remarkably immune from such little ailments, and had only once in his life been ill, of a vicious pneumonia long ago at school. He hadn't the faintest idea what to with a cold in the head, he just took quinine and continued to blow his nose.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Savage and aggressive."
],
"links": [
[
"Savage",
"savage"
],
[
"aggressive",
"aggressive"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.195",
"text": "We may so seize on vertue, that if we embrace it with an over-greedy and violent desire, it may become vicious."
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
37
]
],
"ref": "1814, Jane Austen, Mansfield Park:",
"text": "Admiral Crawford was a man of vicious conduct, who chose, instead of retaining his niece, to bring his mistress under his own roof",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
59,
66
]
],
"ref": "1930, Ogden Nash, Lines to Be Mumbled at Ovington's:",
"text": "A murrain on you, Reverend Apse/I hope you get caught in a vicious moral lapse.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity."
],
"links": [
[
"vice",
"vice"
],
[
"immorality",
"immorality"
],
[
"depravity",
"depravity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪʃəs/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vicious.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-vicious.ogg/En-us-vicious.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-vicious.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəs"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "scathy"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zăl",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "зъл"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zloben",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "злобен"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "bàonüè de",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "暴虐的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "cánbào de",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "殘暴的 /残暴的"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "raju"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "tuhoisa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "väkivaltainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "violent (e)"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "destructif"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "destructive"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "damangreveli",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "დამანგრეველი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "agresiuli",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "აგრესიული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "gewalttätig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "destruktiv"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "rosszindulatú"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "rossz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "gonosz"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "violento"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "violent, furious",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kyōbō",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"translation": "violent, furious",
"word": "狂暴"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "dangerous",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kiken",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"translation": "dangerous",
"word": "危険"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "bezwzględny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "zacietrzewiony"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "atroz"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "brutal"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "cruel"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desapiedado"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "destrutivo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sanguinolento"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "violento"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "zloj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "злой"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "zlóbnyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "зло́бный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "járostnyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "я́ростный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "svirépyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "свире́пый"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "agresif"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "saldırgan"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "haşin",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "خشین"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "zlyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "злий"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "bravu"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "xiōnghàn de",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "凶悍的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "xiōngbào de",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "凶暴的"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "raaka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "julma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ärhäkkä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressiivinen"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "agresiuli",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "აგრესიული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "veluri",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ველური"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "grausam"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressiv"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "vad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "dühödt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ádáz"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressivo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "violent, furious",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kyōbō",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"translation": "violent, furious",
"word": "狂暴"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "dangerous",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kiken",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"translation": "dangerous",
"word": "危険"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "narowisty"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "agressivo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "selvagem"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "agresif"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "aratavor",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "արատավոր"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "poročen",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "порочен"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "mapintas nga"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "bùdàodé de",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "不道德的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "duòluò de",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "墮落的 /堕落的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "xié'è de",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "邪惡的 /邪恶的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "neřestný"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "malvirta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "paheellinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vicieux"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "manḳieri",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "მანკიერი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "bic̣ieri",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ბიწიერი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "uzneo",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "უზნეო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "böse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "boshaft"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "übel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "unmoralisch"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "unmanariggws",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "𐌿𐌽𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "erkölcstelen"
},
{
"code": "ig",
"lang": "Igbo",
"lang_code": "ig",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ajọ"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ainbhéasach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "coirpe"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "drochmhúinte"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "duáilceach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "mínáireach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "oilbhéasach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "olc"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "dishonest, crooked",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "akutoku",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"translation": "dishonest, crooked",
"word": "悪徳"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "corrupt, depraved",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "daraku shita",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"translation": "corrupt, depraved",
"word": "堕落した"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ganas"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vitiosus"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "poróčnyj",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "поро́чный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vicioso"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "illvillig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "elak"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ond"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "omoralisk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ahlaksız"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "kötü"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "muzır"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "gwydus"
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vicious meaning in English (25.0kB)
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.