See vicious on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vicious circle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vicious cycle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vicious intromission"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dwóh₁"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vicious",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vicious",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vicieux"
},
"expansion": "French vicieux",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vice",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "vice + -ous",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁\nFrom Middle English vicious, from Anglo-Norman vicious, (modern French vicieux), from Latin vitiōsus, from vitium (“fault, vice”). Equivalent to vice + -ous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more vicious",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouser",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most vicious",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "viciousest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "more",
"2": "er"
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"expansion": "vicious (comparative more vicious or viciouser, superlative most vicious or viciousest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vice#Related_terms"
}
],
"senses": [
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"glosses": [
"Violent, destructive and cruel."
],
"id": "en-vicious-en-adj-uGUGLNfk",
"links": [
[
"Violent",
"violent"
],
[
"destructive",
"destructive"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zǎl",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "зъл"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zloben",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "злобен"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "raju"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "tuhoisa"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "väkivaltainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "violent (e)"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "destructif"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "destructive"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "damangreveli",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "დამანგრეველი"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "agresiuli",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "აგრესიული"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "gewalttätig"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "destruktiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "rosszindulatú"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "rossz"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "gonosz"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "violento"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ja",
"english": "violent, furious",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōbō",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "狂暴"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ja",
"english": "dangerous",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kiken",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "危険"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "bezwzględny"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "zacietrzewiony"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zloj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "злой"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zlóbnyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "зло́бный"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "járostnyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "я́ростный"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "svirépyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "свире́пый"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "agresif"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "saldırgan"
}
]
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{
"_dis": "42 54 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Personality",
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1922, Michael Arlen, “2/9/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:",
"text": "He had always been remarkably immune from such little ailments, and had only once in his life been ill, of a vicious pneumonia long ago at school. He hadn't the faintest idea what to with a cold in the head, he just took quinine and continued to blow his nose.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Savage and aggressive."
],
"id": "en-vicious-en-adj-edCyUbG3",
"links": [
[
"Savage",
"savage"
],
[
"aggressive",
"aggressive"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "bravu"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "raaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "julma"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ärhäkkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressiivinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "agresiuli",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "აგრესიული"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "veluri",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ველური"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "grausam"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "vad"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "dühödt"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ádáz"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "ja",
"english": "violent, furious",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōbō",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "狂暴"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "ja",
"english": "dangerous",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kiken",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "危険"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "narowisty"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 82 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "agresif"
}
]
},
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"examples": [
{
"ref": ", Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.195",
"text": "We may so seize on vertue, that if we embrace it with an over-greedy and violent desire, it may become vicious."
},
{
"ref": "1930, Ogden Nash, Lines to Be Mumbled at Ovington's:",
"text": "A murrain on you, Reverend Apse/I hope you get caught in a vicious moral lapse.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity."
],
"id": "en-vicious-en-adj-UruYBWph",
"links": [
[
"vice",
"vice"
],
[
"immorality",
"immorality"
],
[
"depravity",
"depravity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aratavor",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "արատավոր"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poročen",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "порочен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "mapintas nga"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "neřestný"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "malvirta"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "paheellinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vicieux"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "manḳieri",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "მანკიერი"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bic̣ieri",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ბიწიერი"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uzneo",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "უზნეო"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "böse"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "boshaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "übel"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "unmoralisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "unmanariggws",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "𐌿𐌽𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "erkölcstelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ig",
"lang": "Igbo",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ajọ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ainbhéasach"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "coirpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "drochmhúinte"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "duáilceach"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "mínáireach"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "oilbhéasach"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "olc"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ja",
"english": "dishonest, crooked",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "akutoku",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "悪徳"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ja",
"english": "corrupt, depraved",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "daraku shita",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "堕落した"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ganas"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vitiosus"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poróčnyj",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "поро́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vicioso"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "illvillig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "elak"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ond"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "omoralisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ahlaksız"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "kötü"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "muzır"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "gwydus"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪʃəs/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vicious.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-vicious.ogg/En-us-vicious.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-vicious.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəs"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "scathy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "vitious"
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "English: vicious",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: vicious"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "veecious"
},
"expansion": "Scots: veecious",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: veecious"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vicious",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vice",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "vice + -ous",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vicious, from Latin vitiōsus; equivalent to vice + -ous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "viciouse",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "vicious (plural and weak singular viciouse)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "viciouse"
},
"expansion": "vicious (plural and weak singular viciouse)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Iniquitous, sinful, wicked (often in a way that causes harm or vice to/in others)"
],
"id": "en-vicious-enm-adj-tX0lzxFA",
"links": [
[
"Iniquitous",
"iniquitous"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Lacking purity or cleanness; spoiled or defiled."
],
"id": "en-vicious-enm-adj-xAkq8t53",
"links": [
[
"purity",
"purity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Lacking purity or cleanness; spoiled or defiled."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 19 14 2 3 26 9 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 19 15 2 3 21 10 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 15 1 2 25 11 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 63 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 49 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ous",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inaccurate, modified, or debased; of substandard quality."
],
"id": "en-vicious-enm-adj-grxRsDq2",
"links": [
[
"modified",
"modified"
],
[
"debased",
"debased"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Inaccurate, modified, or debased; of substandard quality."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 19 15 2 3 21 10 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 15 1 2 25 11 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 35 51",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "enm:Ethics",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Injurious, dangerous; causing serious harm."
],
"id": "en-vicious-enm-adj-4lq30EYh",
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Injurious, dangerous; causing serious harm."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/visiˈuːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/visˈjuːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvisjus/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "viciows"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vicius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vycious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vycyus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vicyous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vecyous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vysyous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vycios"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vycyous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vicyows"
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: vicious, viciows, vicius, vycious, vycyus, vicyous, vecyous, vysyous, vycios, vycyous, vicyows\nEnglish: vicious\nScots: veecious",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: vicious, viciows, vicius, vycious, vycyus, vicyous, vecyous, vysyous, vycios, vycyous, vicyows\nEnglish: vicious\nScots: veecious"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin vitiōsus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"10": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
"4": "viciouse",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "vicious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular viciouse)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vicious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular viciouse)",
"name": "fro-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"vicious; malicious"
],
"id": "en-vicious-fro-adj-oU19U2Cd",
"links": [
[
"vicious",
"vicious#English"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defective; not capable of functioning"
],
"id": "en-vicious-fro-adj-hkJCuhwg",
"links": [
[
"defective",
"defective"
],
[
"functioning",
"functioning"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *dwóh₁",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ous",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəs",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəs/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Igbo translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Javanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Personality"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "vicious circle"
},
{
"word": "vicious cycle"
},
{
"word": "vicious intromission"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dwóh₁"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vicious",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vicious",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vicieux"
},
"expansion": "French vicieux",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vice",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "vice + -ous",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁\nFrom Middle English vicious, from Anglo-Norman vicious, (modern French vicieux), from Latin vitiōsus, from vitium (“fault, vice”). Equivalent to vice + -ous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more vicious",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouser",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most vicious",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "viciousest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "more",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "vicious (comparative more vicious or viciouser, superlative most vicious or viciousest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "vice#Related_terms"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Violent, destructive and cruel."
],
"links": [
[
"Violent",
"violent"
],
[
"destructive",
"destructive"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1922, Michael Arlen, “2/9/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:",
"text": "He had always been remarkably immune from such little ailments, and had only once in his life been ill, of a vicious pneumonia long ago at school. He hadn't the faintest idea what to with a cold in the head, he just took quinine and continued to blow his nose.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Savage and aggressive."
],
"links": [
[
"Savage",
"savage"
],
[
"aggressive",
"aggressive"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.195",
"text": "We may so seize on vertue, that if we embrace it with an over-greedy and violent desire, it may become vicious."
},
{
"ref": "1930, Ogden Nash, Lines to Be Mumbled at Ovington's:",
"text": "A murrain on you, Reverend Apse/I hope you get caught in a vicious moral lapse.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity."
],
"links": [
[
"vice",
"vice"
],
[
"immorality",
"immorality"
],
[
"depravity",
"depravity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪʃəs/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vicious.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-vicious.ogg/En-us-vicious.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-vicious.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəs"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "scathy"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "vitious"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zǎl",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "зъл"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zloben",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "злобен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "raju"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "tuhoisa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "väkivaltainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "violent (e)"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "destructif"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "destructive"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "damangreveli",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "დამანგრეველი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "agresiuli",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "აგრესიული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "gewalttätig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "destruktiv"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "rosszindulatú"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "rossz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "gonosz"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "violento"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "violent, furious",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōbō",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "狂暴"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "dangerous",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kiken",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "危険"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "bezwzględny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "zacietrzewiony"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zloj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "злой"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zlóbnyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "зло́бный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "járostnyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "я́ростный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "svirépyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "свире́пый"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "agresif"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "saldırgan"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "bravu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "raaka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "julma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ärhäkkä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressiivinen"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "agresiuli",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "აგრესიული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "veluri",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ველური"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "grausam"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressiv"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "vad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "dühödt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ádáz"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressivo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "violent, furious",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōbō",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "狂暴"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "dangerous",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kiken",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "危険"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "narowisty"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "agresif"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aratavor",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "արատավոր"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poročen",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "порочен"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "mapintas nga"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "neřestný"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "malvirta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "paheellinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vicieux"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "manḳieri",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "მანკიერი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bic̣ieri",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ბიწიერი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uzneo",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "უზნეო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "böse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "boshaft"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "übel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "unmoralisch"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "unmanariggws",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "𐌿𐌽𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "erkölcstelen"
},
{
"code": "ig",
"lang": "Igbo",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ajọ"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ainbhéasach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "coirpe"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "drochmhúinte"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "duáilceach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "mínáireach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "oilbhéasach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "olc"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "dishonest, crooked",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "akutoku",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "悪徳"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "corrupt, depraved",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "daraku shita",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "堕落した"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ganas"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vitiosus"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poróčnyj",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "поро́чный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vicioso"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "illvillig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "elak"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ond"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "omoralisk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ahlaksız"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "kötü"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "muzır"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "gwydus"
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -ous",
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Ethics"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "English: vicious",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: vicious"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "veecious"
},
"expansion": "Scots: veecious",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: veecious"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vicious",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vice",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "vice + -ous",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vicious, from Latin vitiōsus; equivalent to vice + -ous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "viciouse",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "vicious (plural and weak singular viciouse)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "viciouse"
},
"expansion": "vicious (plural and weak singular viciouse)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Iniquitous, sinful, wicked (often in a way that causes harm or vice to/in others)"
],
"links": [
[
"Iniquitous",
"iniquitous"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking purity or cleanness; spoiled or defiled."
],
"links": [
[
"purity",
"purity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Lacking purity or cleanness; spoiled or defiled."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Inaccurate, modified, or debased; of substandard quality."
],
"links": [
[
"modified",
"modified"
],
[
"debased",
"debased"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Inaccurate, modified, or debased; of substandard quality."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Injurious, dangerous; causing serious harm."
],
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Injurious, dangerous; causing serious harm."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/visiˈuːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/visˈjuːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvisjus/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "viciows"
},
{
"word": "vicius"
},
{
"word": "vycious"
},
{
"word": "vycyus"
},
{
"word": "vicyous"
},
{
"word": "vecyous"
},
{
"word": "vysyous"
},
{
"word": "vycios"
},
{
"word": "vycyous"
},
{
"word": "vicyows"
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: vicious, viciows, vicius, vycious, vycyus, vicyous, vecyous, vysyous, vycios, vycyous, vicyows\nEnglish: vicious\nScots: veecious",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: vicious, viciows, vicius, vycious, vycyus, vicyous, vecyous, vysyous, vycios, vycyous, vicyows\nEnglish: vicious\nScots: veecious"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin vitiōsus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"10": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
"4": "viciouse",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "vicious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular viciouse)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vicious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular viciouse)",
"name": "fro-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"vicious; malicious"
],
"links": [
[
"vicious",
"vicious#English"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defective; not capable of functioning"
],
"links": [
[
"defective",
"defective"
],
[
"functioning",
"functioning"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vicious meaning in All languages combined (20.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.