See vicious on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for vicious meaning in All languages combined (23.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vicious circle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vicious cycle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vicious intromission"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dwóh₁"
},
"expansion": "*dwóh₁",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dwóh₁"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vicious",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vicious",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vicieux"
},
"expansion": "French vicieux",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vitium",
"3": "",
"4": "fault, vice"
},
"expansion": "vitium (“fault, vice”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vice",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "vice + -ous",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁\nFrom Middle English vicious, from Anglo-Norman vicious, (modern French vicieux), from Latin vitiōsus, from vitium (“fault, vice”). Equivalent to vice + -ous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more vicious",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouser",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most vicious",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "viciousest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "more",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "vicious (comparative more vicious or viciouser, superlative most vicious or viciousest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vice#Related_terms"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Violent, destructive and cruel."
],
"id": "en-vicious-en-adj-uGUGLNfk",
"links": [
[
"Violent",
"violent"
],
[
"destructive",
"destructive"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zǎl",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "зъл"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zloben",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "злобен"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "raju"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "tuhoisa"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "väkivaltainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "violent (e)"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "destructif"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "destructive"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "damangreveli",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "დამანგრეველი"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "agresiuli",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "აგრესიული"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "gewalttätig"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "destruktiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "violento"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ja",
"english": "violent, furious",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōbō",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "狂暴"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ja",
"english": "dangerous",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kiken",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "危険"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "bezwzględny"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "zacietrzewiony"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zloj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "злой"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zlóbnyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "зло́бный"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "járostnyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "я́ростный"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "svirépyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "свире́пый"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "agresif"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "saldırgan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 88 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Personality",
"orig": "en:Personality",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1922, Michael Arlen, “2/9/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days",
"text": "He had always been remarkably immune from such little ailments, and had only once in his life been ill, of a vicious pneumonia long ago at school. He hadn't the faintest idea what to with a cold in the head, he just took quinine and continued to blow his nose.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Savage and aggressive."
],
"id": "en-vicious-en-adj-edCyUbG3",
"links": [
[
"Savage",
"savage"
],
[
"aggressive",
"aggressive"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "bravu"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "raaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "julma"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ärhäkkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressiivinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "agresiuli",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "აგრესიული"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "veluri",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ველური"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "grausam"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4",
"code": "ja",
"english": "violent, furious",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōbō",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "狂暴"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4",
"code": "ja",
"english": "dangerous",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kiken",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "危険"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "narowisty"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "agresif"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 29 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 25 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ous",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 14 20 11 20 8 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.195",
"text": "We may so seize on vertue, that if we embrace it with an over-greedy and violent desire, it may become vicious."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity."
],
"id": "en-vicious-en-adj-UruYBWph",
"links": [
[
"vice",
"vice"
],
[
"immorality",
"immorality"
],
[
"depravity",
"depravity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aratavor",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "արատավոր"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poročen",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "порочен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "mapintas nga"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "neřestný"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "malvirta"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "paheellinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vicieux"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "manḳieri",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "მანკიერი"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bic̣ieri",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ბიწიერი"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uzneo",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "უზნეო"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "böse"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "boshaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "übel"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "unmoralisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "unmanariggws",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "𐌿𐌽𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ig",
"lang": "Igbo",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ajọ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ainbhéasach"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "coirpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "drochmhúinte"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "duáilceach"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "mínáireach"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "oilbhéasach"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "olc"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ja",
"english": "dishonest, crooked",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "akutoku",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "悪徳"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ja",
"english": "corrupt, depraved",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "daraku shita",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "堕落した"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ganas"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vitiosus"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poróčnyj",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "поро́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vicioso"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "illvillig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "elak"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ond"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "omoralisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ahlaksız"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "kötü"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "muzır"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "gwydus"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪʃəs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəs"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vicious.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-vicious.ogg/En-us-vicious.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-vicious.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "scathy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "vitious"
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "English: vicious",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: vicious"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "veecious"
},
"expansion": "Scots: veecious",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: veecious"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vicious",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vice",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "vice + -ous",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vicious, from Latin vitiōsus; equivalent to vice + -ous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "viciouse",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "vicious (plural and weak singular viciouse)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "viciouse"
},
"expansion": "vicious (plural and weak singular viciouse)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 6 14 20 11 20 8 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 19 37 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 18 31 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 19 30 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ous",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Iniquitous, sinful, wicked (often in a way that causes harm or vice to/in others)"
],
"id": "en-vicious-enm-adj-tX0lzxFA",
"links": [
[
"Iniquitous",
"iniquitous"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 6 14 20 11 20 8 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 19 37 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 18 31 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 19 30 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ous",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking purity or cleanness; spoiled or defiled."
],
"id": "en-vicious-enm-adj-xAkq8t53",
"links": [
[
"purity",
"purity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Lacking purity or cleanness; spoiled or defiled."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 6 14 20 11 20 8 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 19 37 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 18 31 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 19 30 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ous",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inaccurate, modified, or debased; of substandard quality."
],
"id": "en-vicious-enm-adj-grxRsDq2",
"links": [
[
"modified",
"modified"
],
[
"debased",
"debased"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Inaccurate, modified, or debased; of substandard quality."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 19 37 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 18 31 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 19 30 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ous",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 31 48",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "enm:Ethics",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Injurious, dangerous; causing serious harm."
],
"id": "en-vicious-enm-adj-4lq30EYh",
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Injurious, dangerous; causing serious harm."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/visiˈuːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/visˈjuːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvisjus/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "viciows"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vicius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vycious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vycyus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vicyous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vecyous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vysyous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vycios"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vycyous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vicyows"
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: vicious, viciows, vicius, vycious, vycyus, vicyous, vecyous, vysyous, vycios, vycyous, vicyows\nEnglish: vicious\nScots: veecious",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: vicious, viciows, vicius, vycious, vycyus, vicyous, vecyous, vysyous, vycios, vycyous, vicyows\nEnglish: vicious\nScots: veecious"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin vitiōsus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"10": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
"4": "viciouse",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "vicious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular viciouse)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vicious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular viciouse)",
"name": "fro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"opm": "vicious",
"ssm": "vicious"
},
"name": "fro-decl-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vicious",
"10": "vicious",
"11": "viciouses",
"12": "vicious",
"2": "viciouse",
"3": "vicious",
"4": "vicious",
"5": "viciouse",
"6": "vicious",
"7": "vicious",
"8": "viciouses",
"9": "vicious"
},
"name": "fro-decl-adj/table"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 6 14 20 11 20 8 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vicious; malicious"
],
"id": "en-vicious-fro-adj-oU19U2Cd",
"links": [
[
"vicious",
"vicious#English"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defective; not capable of functioning"
],
"id": "en-vicious-fro-adj-hkJCuhwg",
"links": [
[
"defective",
"defective"
],
[
"functioning",
"functioning"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *dwóh₁",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ous",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəs",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəs/2 syllables",
"en:Personality"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "vicious circle"
},
{
"word": "vicious cycle"
},
{
"word": "vicious intromission"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dwóh₁"
},
"expansion": "*dwóh₁",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dwóh₁"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vicious",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vicious",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vicieux"
},
"expansion": "French vicieux",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vitium",
"3": "",
"4": "fault, vice"
},
"expansion": "vitium (“fault, vice”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vice",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "vice + -ous",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁\nFrom Middle English vicious, from Anglo-Norman vicious, (modern French vicieux), from Latin vitiōsus, from vitium (“fault, vice”). Equivalent to vice + -ous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more vicious",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouser",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most vicious",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "viciousest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "more",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "vicious (comparative more vicious or viciouser, superlative most vicious or viciousest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "vice#Related_terms"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Violent, destructive and cruel."
],
"links": [
[
"Violent",
"violent"
],
[
"destructive",
"destructive"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1922, Michael Arlen, “2/9/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days",
"text": "He had always been remarkably immune from such little ailments, and had only once in his life been ill, of a vicious pneumonia long ago at school. He hadn't the faintest idea what to with a cold in the head, he just took quinine and continued to blow his nose.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Savage and aggressive."
],
"links": [
[
"Savage",
"savage"
],
[
"aggressive",
"aggressive"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.195",
"text": "We may so seize on vertue, that if we embrace it with an over-greedy and violent desire, it may become vicious."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity."
],
"links": [
[
"vice",
"vice"
],
[
"immorality",
"immorality"
],
[
"depravity",
"depravity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪʃəs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəs"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vicious.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-vicious.ogg/En-us-vicious.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-vicious.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "scathy"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "vitious"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zǎl",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "зъл"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zloben",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "злобен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "raju"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "tuhoisa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "väkivaltainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "violent (e)"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "destructif"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "destructive"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "damangreveli",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "დამანგრეველი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "agresiuli",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "აგრესიული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "gewalttätig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "destruktiv"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "violento"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "violent, furious",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōbō",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "狂暴"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "dangerous",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kiken",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "危険"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "bezwzględny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "zacietrzewiony"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zloj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "злой"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zlóbnyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "зло́бный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "járostnyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "я́ростный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "svirépyj",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "свире́пый"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "agresif"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "violent, destructive",
"word": "saldırgan"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "bravu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "raaka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "julma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ärhäkkä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressiivinen"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "agresiuli",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "აგრესიული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "veluri",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "ველური"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "grausam"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressiv"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "aggressivo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "violent, furious",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōbō",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "狂暴"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "dangerous",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kiken",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "危険"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "narowisty"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "savage, aggressive",
"word": "agresif"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aratavor",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "արատավոր"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poročen",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "порочен"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "mapintas nga"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "neřestný"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "malvirta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "paheellinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vicieux"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "manḳieri",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "მანკიერი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bic̣ieri",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ბიწიერი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uzneo",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "უზნეო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "böse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "boshaft"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "übel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "unmoralisch"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "unmanariggws",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "𐌿𐌽𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃"
},
{
"code": "ig",
"lang": "Igbo",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ajọ"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ainbhéasach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "coirpe"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "drochmhúinte"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "duáilceach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "mínáireach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "oilbhéasach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "olc"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "dishonest, crooked",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "akutoku",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "悪徳"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "corrupt, depraved",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "daraku shita",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "堕落した"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ganas"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vitiosus"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poróčnyj",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "поро́чный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "vicioso"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "illvillig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "elak"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ond"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "omoralisk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "ahlaksız"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "kötü"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "muzır"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity",
"word": "gwydus"
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -ous",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"enm:Ethics"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "English: vicious",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: vicious"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "veecious"
},
"expansion": "Scots: veecious",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: veecious"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vicious",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vice",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "vice + -ous",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vicious, from Latin vitiōsus; equivalent to vice + -ous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "viciouse",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "vicious (plural and weak singular viciouse)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "viciouse"
},
"expansion": "vicious (plural and weak singular viciouse)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Iniquitous, sinful, wicked (often in a way that causes harm or vice to/in others)"
],
"links": [
[
"Iniquitous",
"iniquitous"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking purity or cleanness; spoiled or defiled."
],
"links": [
[
"purity",
"purity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Lacking purity or cleanness; spoiled or defiled."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Inaccurate, modified, or debased; of substandard quality."
],
"links": [
[
"modified",
"modified"
],
[
"debased",
"debased"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Inaccurate, modified, or debased; of substandard quality."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Injurious, dangerous; causing serious harm."
],
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Injurious, dangerous; causing serious harm."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/visiˈuːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/visˈjuːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvisjus/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "viciows"
},
{
"word": "vicius"
},
{
"word": "vycious"
},
{
"word": "vycyus"
},
{
"word": "vicyous"
},
{
"word": "vecyous"
},
{
"word": "vysyous"
},
{
"word": "vycios"
},
{
"word": "vycyous"
},
{
"word": "vicyows"
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: vicious, viciows, vicius, vycious, vycyus, vicyous, vecyous, vysyous, vycios, vycyous, vicyows\nEnglish: vicious\nScots: veecious",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: vicious, viciows, vicius, vycious, vycyus, vicyous, vecyous, vysyous, vycios, vycyous, vicyows\nEnglish: vicious\nScots: veecious"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin vitiōsus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vicious",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"10": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
"4": "viciouse",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "vicious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular viciouse)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vicious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular viciouse)",
"name": "fro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"opm": "vicious",
"ssm": "vicious"
},
"name": "fro-decl-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vicious",
"10": "vicious",
"11": "viciouses",
"12": "vicious",
"2": "viciouse",
"3": "vicious",
"4": "vicious",
"5": "viciouse",
"6": "vicious",
"7": "vicious",
"8": "viciouses",
"9": "vicious"
},
"name": "fro-decl-adj/table"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"vicious; malicious"
],
"links": [
[
"vicious",
"vicious#English"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defective; not capable of functioning"
],
"links": [
[
"defective",
"defective"
],
[
"functioning",
"functioning"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old French]; cleaned text: Singular",
"path": [
"vicious"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "vicious",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old French]; cleaned text: Subject",
"path": [
"vicious"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "vicious",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old French]; cleaned text: Oblique",
"path": [
"vicious"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "vicious",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old French]; cleaned text: Plural",
"path": [
"vicious"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "vicious",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old French]; cleaned text: Subject",
"path": [
"vicious"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "vicious",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old French]; cleaned text: Oblique",
"path": [
"vicious"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "vicious",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: vicious/Old French 'Number' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"vicious"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "vicious",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.