See surly in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "surlily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "surliness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sir",
"3": "ly",
"id2": "adjectival"
},
"expansion": "sir + -ly",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "16th-century alteration of sirly, from sir + -ly.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surlier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "surliest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "surly (comparative surlier, superlative surliest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly."
],
"id": "en-surly-en-adj-Hgx8NiI-",
"links": [
[
"Irritated",
"irritated"
],
[
"bad-tempered",
"bad-tempered"
],
[
"unfriendly",
"unfriendly"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "navǎsen",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "навъсен"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nacupen",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "нацупен"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "malcarat"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "sorrut"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cūbào",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "粗暴"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wúlǐ",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "無禮 /无礼"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guāilì",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "乖戾"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "nevrlý"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "nepříjemný"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "mrzutý"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "knorrig"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "bars"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "onbeleefd"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "malafabla"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "hapan"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "pahantuulinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "töykeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "grognon"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "grincheux"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "impoli"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "mürrisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "unwirsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "missmutig"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "verdrießlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "griesgrämig"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "grämlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "ruppig"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "knurrig"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "barsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "unfreundlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "übellaunig"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "bärbeißig"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "mosach"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "bodúil"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "dorrga"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "scontroso"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "ngākaukawa"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "tukumaru"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "brumsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rabugento"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "posac"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugrjúmyj",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "угрю́мый"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "serdítyj",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "серди́тый"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neprivétlivyj",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "неприве́тливый"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "irritado"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "malhumorado"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "inamistoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "hosco"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "fosco"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"tags": [
"South-America"
],
"word": "chúcaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "arisco"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"noun"
],
"word": "cardo"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "sarrug"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "afrywiog"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The surly weather put us all in a bad mood.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Threatening, menacing, gloomy."
],
"id": "en-surly-en-adj-~6Xn~6ul",
"links": [
[
"Threatening",
"threatening"
],
[
"menacing",
"menacing"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zaplašitelen",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "заплашителен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnyù",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "陰鬱 /阴郁"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "bedreigend"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "bars"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "mistroostig"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "uhkaava"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "menaçant"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "rude"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "morne"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "grob"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "bedrohlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "drohend"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "traurig"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "bedrückend"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "finster"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "trübselig"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "trübsinnig"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugrožájuščij",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "угрожа́ющий"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gróznyj",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "гро́зный"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "amenazante"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 9 73 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 53 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ly (adjectival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 19 62 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 14 72 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 80 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 64 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 66 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 66 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 19 61 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 13 73 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 65 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 62 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 65 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 66 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 14 73 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 16 61 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 65 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 91 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 66 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 65 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 14 73 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 64 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 14 72 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 18 63 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 64 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "en:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 29 39 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Personality",
"orig": "en:Personality",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lordly, arrogant, supercilious."
],
"id": "en-surly-en-adj-B~dSqP5c",
"links": [
[
"Lordly",
"lordly"
],
[
"arrogant",
"arrogant"
],
[
"supercilious",
"supercilious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Lordly, arrogant, supercilious."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "àomàn de",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "傲慢的"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "arrogant"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "bazig"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "koppava"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "pöyhkeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "arrogant"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "autoritaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "überheblich"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "arrogant"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "hochmütig"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "hochnäsig"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "herablassend"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "anmaßend"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "gebieterisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nadménnyj",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "надме́нный"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "spesívyj",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "спеси́вый"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vysokomérnyj",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "высокоме́рный"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 7 83",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "arrogante"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːli/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝli/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-surly.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-surly.ogg/En-us-surly.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-surly.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)li"
}
],
"word": "surly"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sir",
"3": "ly",
"id2": "adjectival"
},
"expansion": "sir + -ly",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "16th-century alteration of sirly, from sir + -ly.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surlier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "surliest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "surly (comparative surlier, superlative surliest)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:",
"text": "Against the Capitol I met a lion / Who glazed upon me, and went surly by / Without annoying me […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In an arrogant or supercilious manner."
],
"id": "en-surly-en-adv-tQjfHU2N",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) In an arrogant or supercilious manner."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːli/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝli/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-surly.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-surly.ogg/En-us-surly.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-surly.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)li"
}
],
"word": "surly"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms suffixed with -ly (adjectival)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)li",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)li/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Emotions",
"en:Personality"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "surlily"
},
{
"word": "surliness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sir",
"3": "ly",
"id2": "adjectival"
},
"expansion": "sir + -ly",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "16th-century alteration of sirly, from sir + -ly.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surlier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "surliest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "surly (comparative surlier, superlative surliest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly."
],
"links": [
[
"Irritated",
"irritated"
],
[
"bad-tempered",
"bad-tempered"
],
[
"unfriendly",
"unfriendly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The surly weather put us all in a bad mood.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Threatening, menacing, gloomy."
],
"links": [
[
"Threatening",
"threatening"
],
[
"menacing",
"menacing"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Lordly, arrogant, supercilious."
],
"links": [
[
"Lordly",
"lordly"
],
[
"arrogant",
"arrogant"
],
[
"supercilious",
"supercilious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Lordly, arrogant, supercilious."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːli/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝli/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-surly.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-surly.ogg/En-us-surly.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-surly.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)li"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "navǎsen",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "навъсен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nacupen",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "нацупен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "malcarat"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "sorrut"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cūbào",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "粗暴"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wúlǐ",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "無禮 /无礼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guāilì",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "乖戾"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "nevrlý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "nepříjemný"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "mrzutý"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "knorrig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "bars"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "onbeleefd"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "malafabla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "hapan"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "pahantuulinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "töykeä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "grognon"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "grincheux"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "impoli"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "mürrisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "unwirsch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "missmutig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "verdrießlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "griesgrämig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "grämlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "ruppig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "knurrig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "barsch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "unfreundlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "übellaunig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "bärbeißig"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "mosach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "bodúil"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "dorrga"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "scontroso"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "ngākaukawa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "tukumaru"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "brumsch"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rabugento"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "posac"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugrjúmyj",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "угрю́мый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "serdítyj",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "серди́тый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neprivétlivyj",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "неприве́тливый"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "irritado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "malhumorado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "inamistoso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "hosco"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "fosco"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"tags": [
"South-America"
],
"word": "chúcaro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "arisco"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"noun"
],
"word": "cardo"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "sarrug"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly",
"word": "afrywiog"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zaplašitelen",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "заплашителен"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnyù",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "陰鬱 /阴郁"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "bedreigend"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "bars"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "mistroostig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "uhkaava"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "menaçant"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "rude"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "morne"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "grob"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "bedrohlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "drohend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "traurig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "bedrückend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "finster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "trübselig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "trübsinnig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "bedrückend"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugrožájuščij",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "угрожа́ющий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gróznyj",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "гро́зный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "threatening, menacing, gloomy",
"word": "amenazante"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "àomàn de",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "傲慢的"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "arrogant"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "bazig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "koppava"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "pöyhkeä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "arrogant"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "autoritaire"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "überheblich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "arrogant"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "hochmütig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "hochnäsig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "herablassend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "anmaßend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "gebieterisch"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nadménnyj",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "надме́нный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "spesívyj",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "спеси́вый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vysokomérnyj",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "высокоме́рный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious",
"word": "arrogante"
}
],
"word": "surly"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms suffixed with -ly (adjectival)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)li",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)li/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Emotions",
"en:Personality"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sir",
"3": "ly",
"id2": "adjectival"
},
"expansion": "sir + -ly",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "16th-century alteration of sirly, from sir + -ly.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surlier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "surliest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "surly (comparative surlier, superlative surliest)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:",
"text": "Against the Capitol I met a lion / Who glazed upon me, and went surly by / Without annoying me […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In an arrogant or supercilious manner."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) In an arrogant or supercilious manner."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːli/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝli/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-surly.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/En-us-surly.ogg/En-us-surly.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/En-us-surly.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)li"
}
],
"word": "surly"
}
Download raw JSONL data for surly meaning in English (15.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.