See stern on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "animated"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "cheerful"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "emotional"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "empathic"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "gregarious"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "kindly"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "lenient"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "soft"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unstrict"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "vivacious"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "aloof"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "apathetic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "impartial"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sternly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sternness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stern plane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stern sex"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stern sheets"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stern-wheeler"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "styrne",
"4": "",
"5": "stern, grave, strict, austere, hard, severe, cruel"
},
"expansion": "Old English styrne (“stern, grave, strict, austere, hard, severe, cruel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sturnijaz",
"4": "",
"5": "angry, astonished, shocked"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sturnijaz (“angry, astonished, shocked”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ster-",
"4": "",
"5": "rigid, stiff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“rigid, stiff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "stern",
"3": "",
"4": "bold, courageous, fierce, resolute"
},
"expansion": "Scots stern (“bold, courageous, fierce, resolute”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "stornēn",
"3": "",
"4": "to be astonished"
},
"expansion": "Old High German stornēn (“to be astonished”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stuurs",
"3": "",
"4": "glum, austere"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stuurs (“glum, austere”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stursk",
"3": "",
"4": "insolent"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stursk (“insolent”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stern, sterne, sturne, from Old English styrne (“stern, grave, strict, austere, hard, severe, cruel”), from Proto-Germanic *sturnijaz (“angry, astonished, shocked”), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“rigid, stiff”). Cognate with Scots stern (“bold, courageous, fierce, resolute”), Old High German stornēn (“to be astonished”), Dutch stuurs (“glum, austere”), Swedish stursk (“insolent”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sterner",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sternest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "stern (comparative sterner, superlative sternest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "alexithymic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "serious"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "tsundere"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "ghastly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "mean"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "obstinate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "resilient"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "rigid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "ruthless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "sinister"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "strong"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "sturdy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "surly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "taciturn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "uncompassionate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unrelenting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"tags": [
"of a situation or disposition"
],
"word": "cheerless"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 25 28 8 3 6 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 26 31 5 2 7 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 26 26 5 2 6 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1594, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC, [verse 17], lines [97–100]:",
"text": "I haue beene wooed, as I intreat thee now, / Euen by the ſterne, and direfull God of warre, / VVhoſe ſinowie necke in battel nere did bow, / VVho conquers where he comes in euery iarre; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis, John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The First Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:",
"text": "stern as tutors, and as uncles hard",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76:",
"text": "Risk is everywhere. From tabloid headlines insisting that coffee causes cancer (yesterday, of course, it cured it) to stern government warnings about alcohol and driving, the world is teeming with goblins.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a hardness and severity of nature or manner."
],
"id": "en-stern-en-adj-HuuCOy52",
"links": [
[
"hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"severity",
"severity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grim"
},
{
"word": "severe"
},
{
"word": "stern"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣārim",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "صَارِم"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mutašaddid",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "مُتَشَدِّد"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xist",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "խիստ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tündməcaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tündxasiyyət"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sərt"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "suróv",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "суро́в"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strog",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "строг"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tvǎrd",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "твърд"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sever"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "přísný"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tvrdý"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "strohý"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "streng"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "severa"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "serioza"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "ankara"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "kovaluontoinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tyly"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "kova"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sévère"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sasṭiḳi",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "სასტიკი"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "streng"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "hart"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "bitter"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "unnachgiebig"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "ernst"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "unnachsichtig"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "gestreng"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "afstirós",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "αυστηρός"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "szigorú"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rideg"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "austero"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rigido"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"alt": "げんかくな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "genkaku na",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "厳格な"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tētricus"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "firmatus"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kaṟśana",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "കർശന"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kaṟkkaśa",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "കർക്കശ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "makiki"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "taikaha"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "ieeboa"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "surowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "austero"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rígido"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sério"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "dur"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sever"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "strógij",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "стро́гий"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "suróvyj",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "суро́вый"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "jak"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "snažan"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "čvrst"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "čeličan"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "grubost"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "surovost"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "strogost"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "neúprosný"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tvrdý"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "prísny"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "adusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sträng"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rigorös"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "strikt"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "barsk"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "hård"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sert"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "haşin"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "katı"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "suvóryj",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "суво́рий"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "stróhyj",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стро́гий"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 29 32 6 3 6 7 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 28 30 9 3 6 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 28 30 9 3 6 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 27 30 6 3 6 7 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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{
"_dis": "7 29 30 8 3 6 7 10",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 5 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 26 32 7 3 6 7 11",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 28 8 3 6 6 10",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 26 31 5 2 7 6 10",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 29 31 7 3 6 7 11",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
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"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 26 26 5 2 6 9 12",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 30 31 7 2 5 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 28 30 9 3 6 7 11",
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"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 26 31 9 3 6 7 11",
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"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 30 32 6 2 6 7 11",
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"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
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"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 30 32 6 2 6 7 11",
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{
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1814, William Wordsworth, The Excursion:",
"text": "these barren rocks, your stern inheritance",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Grim and forbidding in appearance."
],
"id": "en-stern-en-adj-KcuGLRZJ",
"links": [
[
"Grim",
"grim"
],
[
"forbidding",
"forbidding"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bleak"
},
{
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"word": "cheerless"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neprivétliv",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "неприве́тлив"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nedruželjúben",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недружелю́бен"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "negostopriémen",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "негостоприе́мен"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mráčen",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мра́чен"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "ankara"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "tuima"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "austère"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "unfreundlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "abweisend"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "abschreckend"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vlosyrós",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "βλοσυρός"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "zord"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "arcigno"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "inflessibile"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"alt": "そうごんな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sōgon na",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "荘厳な"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "taikaha"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mráčnyj",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "мра́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "neprívetivý"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "adusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "hård"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stûn",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "stûrn",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg/En-us-stern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sterne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "callous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "cold"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "cold-eyed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "flint-hearted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "forbidding"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "frosty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "grim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "hard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "hard-boiled"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "hardened"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "hardhearted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "heartless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "harsh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "humorless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "icy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "iron-hearted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "insensitive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "rigorous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "severe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "stern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "stonehearted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "stony"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "stonyhearted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "strict"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "tough"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unsympathetic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unmoved"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Stern (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "bow"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem to stern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pink stern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "square stern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stern chase"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stern chaser"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stern frame"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sternpost"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sternwards"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "torpedo stern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tunnel stern"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "stjórn",
"4": "",
"5": "control, steering"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stiurijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "stiarne",
"4": "",
"5": "rudder"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely from Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”), related to stýra (“to steer”), from Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną, whence also English steer. Also possibly from Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”), from the same Germanic root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sterns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stern (plural sterns)",
"name": "en-noun"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "keel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "aft"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "7 29 30 8 3 6 7 10",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "7 26 32 7 3 6 7 11",
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{
"_dis": "6 25 31 2 2 6 11 16",
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"name": "Terms with French translations",
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{
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"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "14 25 28 8 3 6 6 10",
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{
"_dis": "5 25 38 3 3 6 9 12",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "6 30 31 7 2 5 6 13",
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{
"_dis": "5 25 38 3 3 6 9 12",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
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"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
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"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
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{
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{
"_dis": "49 7 4 8 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 11 5 10 12 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 4 2 5 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 0 0 2 1 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 10 2 9 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 9 4 11 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 12 4 9 10 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 13 5 9 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 10 5 10 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 13 5 9 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 13 5 9 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 3 3 6 9 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Venetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 4 4 8 13 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 3 3 9 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 40 1 4 2 5 6 38",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "en:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "Old Applegate, in the stern, just set and looked at me, and Lord James, amidship, waved both arms and kept hollering for help. I took a couple of everlasting big strokes and managed to grab hold of the skiff's rail, close to the stern.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The rear part or after end of a ship or vessel."
],
"id": "en-stern-en-noun-Y6nq6pwz",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"rear",
"rear"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) The rear part or after end of a ship or vessel."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"sense": "of a ship",
"word": "poop"
}
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "shtreze"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muʔaḵḵara",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مُؤَخَّرَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "navaxel",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "նավախել"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "sarğı"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "gəmi sarğısı"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "txopa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "karmá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "карма́"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kǎrmá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кърма́"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuánwěi",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "船尾"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhú",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "舳"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "záď"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "agterstavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "agterstævn"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "agterende"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "achtersteven"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterschip"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "venčpulo",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "венчпуло"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "poŭpo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pobo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ahter"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "perä"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ahteri"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poupe"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrière"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳičo",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "კიჩო"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Heck"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schiffshinterteil"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hinterschiff"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "nōta",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐌽𐍉𐍄𐌰"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "prýmni",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πρύμνη"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "prúmna",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πρύμνα"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dumbāl",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "दुंबाल"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dabūsā",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "दबूसा"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "picchal",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "पिच्छल"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pichāṛī",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "पिछाड़ी"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "tat"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "hajótat"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skutur"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pupo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ahteri"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "deireadh"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ist",
"lang": "Istriot",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poûpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poppa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"alt": "せんび",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "senbi",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "船尾"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"alt": "とも",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tomo",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "艫"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "korma",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "корма"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"alt": "船尾",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seonmi",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "선미"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gomul",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "고물"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puppis"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pakaļgals"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "laivagalis"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "lut",
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ʔillaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krma",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "крма"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "buritan"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "amaraṁ",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "അമരം"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cashtal jerree"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "kei"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "tā"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "noko"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poupe"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tillac"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterstavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hekk"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "akterspeil"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterende"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hekk"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterende"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterspegel"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterstamn"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "krŭma",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кръма"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stēorsetl"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "pupa",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "پوپا"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pâšne",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "پاشْنِه"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rufa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kormá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "корма́"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кр̏ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kȑma"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "korma"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krma"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "akter"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bakstam c poop"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "popa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "táai-rʉʉa",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ท้ายเรือ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "kıç"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pupa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kormá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "корма́"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "quyruq"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "vec",
"english": "small ship",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pòpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "vec",
"english": "big ship",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pupa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pödanaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pödastev"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "starn"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:",
"text": "and sit chiefest stern of public weal",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The post of management or direction."
],
"id": "en-stern-en-noun-wneMzWQp",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) The post of management or direction."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "figuratively: post of management or direction",
"word": "peräsin"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "amaraṁ",
"sense": "figuratively: post of management or direction",
"word": "അമരം"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The hinder part of anything."
],
"id": "en-stern-en-noun-zdjvpAAs",
"links": [
[
"hinder",
"hinder"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 0 97 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hinder part of anything",
"word": "perä"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 18, page 8:",
"text": "And all attonce her beaſtly bodie raizd / With doubled forces high aboue the ground: / Tho wrapping vp her wrethed ſterne arownd, / Lept fierce vpon his ſhield, [...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The tail of an animal; now used only of the tail of a dog."
],
"id": "en-stern-en-noun-gykrQ6hM",
"links": [
[
"tail",
"tail"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tail of an animal",
"word": "häntä"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stûn",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "stûrn",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stern.ogg",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sterne"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Stern (disambiguation)",
"stern"
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"word": "stern"
}
{
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{
"args": {
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stiurijaną"
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "stiarne",
"4": "",
"5": "rudder"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely from Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”), related to stýra (“to steer”), from Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną, whence also English steer. Also possibly from Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”), from the same Germanic root.",
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{
"form": "sterns",
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"singular",
"third-person"
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},
{
"form": "sterning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
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},
{
"form": "sterned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
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},
{
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"past"
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}
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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"id": "en-stern-en-verb-QGtGl3wm",
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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"ship"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
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"obsolete",
"transitive"
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
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"All topics",
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},
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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],
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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"first"
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[
"water",
"water"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
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"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
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{
"enpr": "stûn",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "stûrn",
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"General-American"
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},
{
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"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
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{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
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],
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
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}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Stern (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "From a variant of tern.",
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{
"form": "sterns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
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},
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "2 20 23 1 3 5 39 2 4",
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"name": "Animal body parts",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "1 11 20 1 1 5 57 1 3",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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],
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[
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]
}
],
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{
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},
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},
{
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},
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{
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],
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],
"word": "stern"
}
{
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"4": "starling"
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],
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},
{
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},
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}
],
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{
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{
"word": "grote stern"
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{
"word": "lachstern"
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{
"word": "noordse stern"
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{
"word": "reuzenstern"
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{
"word": "witwangstern"
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{
"word": "zwarte stern"
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],
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],
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{
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{
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{
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],
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"expansion": "stern",
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"word": "stern"
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{
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},
{
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],
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"star"
],
"id": "en-stern-mhn-noun-Ul7KHVCJ",
"links": [
[
"star",
"star"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "goh-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sterna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sterna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sternes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sterno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sterne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sternum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sternu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "stern m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "stern m",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stern"
},
"name": "goh-decl-noun-a-m"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sterno"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of sterno"
],
"id": "en-stern-goh-noun-at9pQs5O",
"links": [
[
"sterno",
"sterno#Old_High_German"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "stern m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Piedmontese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"breastbone"
],
"id": "en-stern-pms-noun--UadOMVb",
"links": [
[
"breastbone",
"breastbone"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛrŋ/"
}
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "sternum"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French sternum",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sternum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sternuri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "sternuri"
},
"expansion": "stern n (plural sternuri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"breastbone"
],
"id": "en-stern-ro-noun--UadOMVb",
"links": [
[
"breastbone",
"breastbone"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ste̞rn/"
}
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "dwergstern"
},
{
"word": "grote stern"
},
{
"word": "lachstern"
},
{
"word": "noordse stern"
},
{
"word": "reuzenstern"
},
{
"word": "witwangstern"
},
{
"word": "zwarte stern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sturnus",
"3": "",
"4": "starling"
},
"expansion": "Latin sturnus (“starling”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly cognate with Latin sturnus (“starling”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sterns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sternen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sterntje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-s",
"3": "+",
"pl2": "-@en"
},
"expansion": "stern m (plural sterns or sternen, diminutive sterntje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛr",
"nl:Terns"
],
"glosses": [
"tern"
],
"links": [
[
"tern",
"tern"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zeezwaluw"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-stern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/Nl-stern.ogg/Nl-stern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Nl-stern.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/stɛrn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛr"
}
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "animated"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "cheerful"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "emotional"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "empathic"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "gregarious"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "kindly"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "lenient"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "soft"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unstrict"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "vivacious"
}
],
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Mandarin translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Animal body parts",
"en:Ship parts",
"en:Terns"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "aloof"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "apathetic"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "impartial"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "sternly"
},
{
"word": "sternness"
},
{
"word": "stern plane"
},
{
"word": "stern sex"
},
{
"word": "stern sheets"
},
{
"word": "stern-wheeler"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stern"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stern",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "styrne",
"4": "",
"5": "stern, grave, strict, austere, hard, severe, cruel"
},
"expansion": "Old English styrne (“stern, grave, strict, austere, hard, severe, cruel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sturnijaz",
"4": "",
"5": "angry, astonished, shocked"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sturnijaz (“angry, astonished, shocked”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ster-",
"4": "",
"5": "rigid, stiff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“rigid, stiff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "stern",
"3": "",
"4": "bold, courageous, fierce, resolute"
},
"expansion": "Scots stern (“bold, courageous, fierce, resolute”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "stornēn",
"3": "",
"4": "to be astonished"
},
"expansion": "Old High German stornēn (“to be astonished”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stuurs",
"3": "",
"4": "glum, austere"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stuurs (“glum, austere”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stursk",
"3": "",
"4": "insolent"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stursk (“insolent”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stern, sterne, sturne, from Old English styrne (“stern, grave, strict, austere, hard, severe, cruel”), from Proto-Germanic *sturnijaz (“angry, astonished, shocked”), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“rigid, stiff”). Cognate with Scots stern (“bold, courageous, fierce, resolute”), Old High German stornēn (“to be astonished”), Dutch stuurs (“glum, austere”), Swedish stursk (“insolent”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sterner",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sternest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "stern (comparative sterner, superlative sternest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "alexithymic"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "serious"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "tsundere"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "ghastly"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "mean"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "obstinate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "resilient"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "rigid"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "ruthless"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "sinister"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "strong"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "sturdy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "surly"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "taciturn"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "uncompassionate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unrelenting"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"tags": [
"of a situation or disposition"
],
"word": "cheerless"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1594, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC, [verse 17], lines [97–100]:",
"text": "I haue beene wooed, as I intreat thee now, / Euen by the ſterne, and direfull God of warre, / VVhoſe ſinowie necke in battel nere did bow, / VVho conquers where he comes in euery iarre; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis, John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The First Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:",
"text": "stern as tutors, and as uncles hard",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76:",
"text": "Risk is everywhere. From tabloid headlines insisting that coffee causes cancer (yesterday, of course, it cured it) to stern government warnings about alcohol and driving, the world is teeming with goblins.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a hardness and severity of nature or manner."
],
"links": [
[
"hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"severity",
"severity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grim"
},
{
"word": "severe"
},
{
"word": "stern"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1814, William Wordsworth, The Excursion:",
"text": "these barren rocks, your stern inheritance",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Grim and forbidding in appearance."
],
"links": [
[
"Grim",
"grim"
],
[
"forbidding",
"forbidding"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bleak"
},
{
"word": "sombre"
},
{
"word": "cheerless"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stûn",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "stûrn",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg/En-us-stern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sterne"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "callous"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "cold"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "cold-eyed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "flint-hearted"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "forbidding"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "frosty"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "grim"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "hard"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "hard-boiled"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "hardened"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "hardhearted"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "heartless"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "harsh"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "humorless"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "icy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "iron-hearted"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "insensitive"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "rigorous"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "severe"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "stern"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "stonehearted"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "stony"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "stonyhearted"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "strict"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "tough"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unsympathetic"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:stern",
"word": "unmoved"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣārim",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "صَارِم"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mutašaddid",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "مُتَشَدِّد"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xist",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "խիստ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tündməcaz"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tündxasiyyət"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sərt"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "suróv",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "суро́в"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strog",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "строг"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tvǎrd",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "твърд"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sever"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "přísný"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tvrdý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "strohý"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "streng"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "severa"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "serioza"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "ankara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "kovaluontoinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tyly"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "kova"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sévère"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sasṭiḳi",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "სასტიკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "streng"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "hart"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "bitter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "unnachgiebig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "ernst"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "unnachsichtig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "gestreng"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "afstirós",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "αυστηρός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "szigorú"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rideg"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "austero"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rigido"
},
{
"alt": "げんかくな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "genkaku na",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "厳格な"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tētricus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "firmatus"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kaṟśana",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "കർശന"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kaṟkkaśa",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "കർക്കശ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "makiki"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "taikaha"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "ieeboa"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "surowy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "austero"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rígido"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sério"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "dur"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sever"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "strógij",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "стро́гий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "suróvyj",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "суро́вый"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "jak"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "snažan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "čvrst"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "čeličan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "grubost"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "surovost"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "strogost"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "neúprosný"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "tvrdý"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "prísny"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "adusto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sträng"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "rigorös"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "strikt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "barsk"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "hård"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "sert"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "haşin"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"word": "katı"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "suvóryj",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "суво́рий"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "stróhyj",
"sense": "having a hardness and severity of nature or manner",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стро́гий"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neprivétliv",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "неприве́тлив"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nedruželjúben",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недружелю́бен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "negostopriémen",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "негостоприе́мен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mráčen",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мра́чен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "ankara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "tuima"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "austère"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "düster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "unfreundlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "abweisend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "abschreckend"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vlosyrós",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "βλοσυρός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "zord"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "arcigno"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "inflessibile"
},
{
"alt": "そうごんな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sōgon na",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "荘厳な"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "taikaha"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mráčnyj",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "мра́чный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "neprívetivý"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "adusto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grim and forbidding in appearance",
"word": "hård"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Stern (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "bow"
}
],
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Old Frisian",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Erzya translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Istriot translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lushootseed translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Animal body parts",
"en:Ship parts",
"en:Terns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "stem to stern"
},
{
"word": "pink stern"
},
{
"word": "square stern"
},
{
"word": "stern chase"
},
{
"word": "stern chaser"
},
{
"word": "stern frame"
},
{
"word": "sternpost"
},
{
"word": "sternwards"
},
{
"word": "torpedo stern"
},
{
"word": "tunnel stern"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "stjórn",
"4": "",
"5": "control, steering"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stiurijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "stiarne",
"4": "",
"5": "rudder"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely from Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”), related to stýra (“to steer”), from Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną, whence also English steer. Also possibly from Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”), from the same Germanic root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sterns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stern (plural sterns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "keel"
},
{
"word": "aft"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Nautical"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "Old Applegate, in the stern, just set and looked at me, and Lord James, amidship, waved both arms and kept hollering for help. I took a couple of everlasting big strokes and managed to grab hold of the skiff's rail, close to the stern.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The rear part or after end of a ship or vessel."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"rear",
"rear"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) The rear part or after end of a ship or vessel."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:",
"text": "and sit chiefest stern of public weal",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The post of management or direction."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) The post of management or direction."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The hinder part of anything."
],
"links": [
[
"hinder",
"hinder"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 18, page 8:",
"text": "And all attonce her beaſtly bodie raizd / With doubled forces high aboue the ground: / Tho wrapping vp her wrethed ſterne arownd, / Lept fierce vpon his ſhield, [...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The tail of an animal; now used only of the tail of a dog."
],
"links": [
[
"tail",
"tail"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stûn",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "stûrn",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg/En-us-stern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "of a ship",
"word": "poop"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sterne"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "shtreze"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muʔaḵḵara",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مُؤَخَّرَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "navaxel",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "նավախել"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "sarğı"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "gəmi sarğısı"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "txopa"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "karmá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "карма́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kǎrmá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кърма́"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuánwěi",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "船尾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhú",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "舳"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "záď"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "agterstavn"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "agterstævn"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "agterende"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "achtersteven"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterschip"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "venčpulo",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "венчпуло"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "poŭpo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pobo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ahter"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "perä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ahteri"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poupe"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrière"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳičo",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "კიჩო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Heck"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schiffshinterteil"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hinterschiff"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "nōta",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐌽𐍉𐍄𐌰"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "prýmni",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πρύμνη"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "prúmna",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πρύμνα"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dumbāl",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "दुंबाल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dabūsā",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "दबूसा"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "picchal",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "पिच्छल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pichāṛī",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "पिछाड़ी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "tat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "hajótat"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skutur"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pupo"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ahteri"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "deireadh"
},
{
"code": "ist",
"lang": "Istriot",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poûpa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poppa"
},
{
"alt": "せんび",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "senbi",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "船尾"
},
{
"alt": "とも",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tomo",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "艫"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "korma",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "корма"
},
{
"alt": "船尾",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seonmi",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "선미"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gomul",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "고물"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puppis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pakaļgals"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "laivagalis"
},
{
"code": "lut",
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ʔillaq"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krma",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "крма"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "buritan"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "amaraṁ",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "അമരം"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cashtal jerree"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbyl"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "kei"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "tā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "noko"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poupe"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tillac"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterstavn"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hekk"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "akterspeil"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterende"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hekk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterende"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterspegel"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "akterstamn"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "krŭma",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кръма"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stēorsetl"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "pupa",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "پوپا"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pâšne",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "پاشْنِه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rufa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kormá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "корма́"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кр̏ма"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kȑma"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "korma"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krma"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "popa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "akter"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bakstam c poop"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "popa"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "táai-rʉʉa",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "ท้ายเรือ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "kıç"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pupa"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kormá",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "корма́"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "quyruq"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"english": "small ship",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pòpe"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"english": "big ship",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pupa"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pödanaf"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"word": "pödastev"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "the rear part or after end of a ship or vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "starn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "figuratively: post of management or direction",
"word": "peräsin"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "amaraṁ",
"sense": "figuratively: post of management or direction",
"word": "അമരം"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hinder part of anything",
"word": "perä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tail of an animal",
"word": "häntä"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Stern (disambiguation)",
"stern"
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Old Frisian",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Erzya translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Istriot translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lushootseed translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Animal body parts",
"en:Ship parts",
"en:Terns"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "stjórn",
"4": "",
"5": "control, steering"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stiurijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "stiarne",
"4": "",
"5": "rudder"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely from Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”), related to stýra (“to steer”), from Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną, whence also English steer. Also possibly from Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”), from the same Germanic root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sterns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sterning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sterned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sterned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stern (third-person singular simple present sterns, present participle sterning, simple past and past participle sterned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To steer, to direct the course of (a ship)."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"steer",
"steer"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"course",
"course"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive, intransitive) To steer, to direct the course of (a ship)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"To propel or move backward or stern-first in the water."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"propel",
"propel"
],
[
"backward",
"backward"
],
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive, nautical) To propel or move backward or stern-first in the water."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stûn",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "stûrn",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg/En-us-stern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sterne"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Stern (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"en:Animal body parts",
"en:Ship parts",
"en:Terns"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "From a variant of tern.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sterns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stern (plural sterns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A bird, the black tern."
],
"links": [
[
"black tern",
"black tern"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stûn",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "stûrn",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stern.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg/En-us-stern.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-stern.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sterne"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Stern (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "stern",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sterne"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of sterne"
],
"links": [
[
"sterne",
"sterne#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eHs-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "stërne"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German stërne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "goh",
"3": "sterno"
},
"expansion": "Old High German sterno",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sternǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sternǭ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂stḗr",
"4": "",
"5": "star"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Stern"
},
"expansion": "German Stern",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "star"
},
"expansion": "English star",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German stërne, stërre, stërn, from Old High German sterno, from Proto-Germanic *sternǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”). Cognate with German Stern, English star.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "stern m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "stern m",
"name": "mhn-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Mòcheno",
"lang_code": "mhn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mòcheno entries with incorrect language header",
"Mòcheno lemmas",
"Mòcheno masculine nouns",
"Mòcheno nouns",
"Mòcheno terms derived from Middle High German",
"Mòcheno terms derived from Old High German",
"Mòcheno terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Mòcheno terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Mòcheno terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eHs-",
"Mòcheno terms inherited from Middle High German",
"Mòcheno terms inherited from Old High German",
"Mòcheno terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Mòcheno terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"mhn:Nature"
],
"glosses": [
"star"
],
"links": [
[
"star",
"star"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "goh-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sterna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sterna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sternes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sterno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sterne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sternum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sternu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "stern m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "stern m",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stern"
},
"name": "goh-decl-noun-a-m"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sterno"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old High German a-stem nouns",
"Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Old High German lemmas",
"Old High German masculine nouns",
"Old High German nouns",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of sterno"
],
"links": [
[
"sterno",
"sterno#Old_High_German"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "stern m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Piedmontese entries with incorrect language header",
"Piedmontese lemmas",
"Piedmontese masculine nouns",
"Piedmontese nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"breastbone"
],
"links": [
[
"breastbone",
"breastbone"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛrŋ/"
}
],
"word": "stern"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "sternum"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French sternum",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sternum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sternuri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "sternuri"
},
"expansion": "stern n (plural sternuri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French"
],
"glosses": [
"breastbone"
],
"links": [
[
"breastbone",
"breastbone"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ste̞rn/"
}
],
"word": "stern"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stern meaning in All languages combined (55.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.