See sturdy on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for sturdy meaning in All languages combined (23.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "get sturdy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sturdily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sturdiness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sturdy beggar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sturdy"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sturdy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stourdy"
},
"expansion": "stourdy",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stordy",
"t": "bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious"
},
"expansion": "stordy (“bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sture"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sture",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stoure"
},
"expansion": "stoure",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stor",
"t": "strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy"
},
"expansion": "stor (“strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stour"
},
"expansion": "English stour",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estourdi",
"t": "dazed"
},
"expansion": "Old French estourdi (“dazed”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "estourdir"
},
"expansion": "estourdir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étourdir",
"3": "",
"4": "to daze, to make tipsy"
},
"expansion": "étourdir (“to daze, to make tipsy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*exturdire"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exturdire",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ex-"
},
"expansion": "ex-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "turdus",
"3": "",
"4": "thrush (bird)"
},
"expansion": "turdus (“thrush (bird)”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sturdy, stourdy, stordy (“bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious”) (perhaps influenced by Middle English sture, stoure, stor (“strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy”); see English stour), from Old French estourdi (“dazed”), form of estourdir, originally “to daze, to make tipsy (almost drunk)” (Modern French étourdir (“to daze, to make tipsy”)), from Vulgar Latin *exturdire. Latin etymology is unclear – presumably it is ex- + turdus (“thrush (bird)”), but how this should mean “daze” is unclear. A speculative theory is that thrushes eat leftover winery grapes and thus became drunk, but this meets with objections.\nDisease in cows and sheep is by extension of sense of “daze”, while sense of “strongly built” is of late 14th century, and relationship to earlier sense is less clear, perhaps from sense of a firm strike (causing a daze) or a strong, violent person.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sturdier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sturdiest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "sturdy (comparative sturdier, superlative sturdiest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a sturdy oak tree",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1657, Henry Wotton, Characters of some Kings of England",
"text": "He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather sturdy then dainty.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of firm build; stiff; stout; strong."
],
"id": "en-sturdy-en-adj-5Hx5xBzt",
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "amrakazm",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "ամրակազմ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "möhkəm"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "davamlı"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zdrav",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "здрав"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "silen",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "силен"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "堅固"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāngù",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "坚固"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "結實"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiēshi",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "结实"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "solide"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "stevig"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "robuust"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "vanttera"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "jykevä"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "roima"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "roteva"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "tanakka"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "tukeva"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "vankka"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "solide"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "cruadhéanta"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "solido"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "solida"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quercia"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"alt": "がんじょうな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ganjō na",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "頑丈な"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"alt": "じょうぶな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jōbu na",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "丈夫な"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "teunteunhada",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "튼튼하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "stingrs"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "stiprs"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "cvrst",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "цврст"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krúpen",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "кру́пен"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sílen",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "си́лен"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zdrav",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "здрав"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "pakari"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "tōtōpū"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "solid"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "harðgǫrr"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "solidny"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "silny"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "firme"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krépkij",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "кре́пкий"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "djúžij",
"sense": "of firm build",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "дю́жий"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zdoróvyj",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "здоро́вый"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sílʹnyj",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "си́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "tapaidh"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "brogach"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "krúpan"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "snážan"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "čvȓst"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "recio"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "sólido"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "fuerte"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "stabil"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "rejäl"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "sağlam"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 3 5 22",
"alt": "結實",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "kết thật"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It was a sturdy building, able to withstand strong winds and cold weather.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The dog was sturdy and could work all day without getting tired.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "April 5 2022, Tina Brown, “How Princess Diana’s Dance With the Media Impacted William and Harry”, in Vanity Fair",
"text": "Diana’s most recent romantic adventure at that time was with the sturdy hunk Will Carling, captain of the England rugby team, whom she had met in 1995 working out at the Chelsea Harbor Club gym.\nadapted from the book The Palace Papers, published 2022 by Penguin Books",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Solid in structure or person."
],
"id": "en-sturdy-en-adj-dyw83ZVo",
"links": [
[
"structure",
"structure"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "amrakazm",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "ամրակազմ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "結實"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiēshi",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "结实"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "強壯"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiángzhuàng",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "强壮"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "stoer"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "potig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "jykevä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "tukeva"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "vankka"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "costaud"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "robuste"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "solide"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "stabil"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "robusta"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "stingrs"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "cvrst",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "цврст"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sílen",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "си́лен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krúpen",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "кру́пен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sóliden",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "со́лиден"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "pūngerungeru"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "tōtōpū"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "harðgǫrr"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tanumand",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "تنومند"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "forsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "solidny"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "silny"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "niezachwiany"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "solídnyj",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "соли́дный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "móščnyj",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "мо́щный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "tapaidh"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "brogach"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "krúpan"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "snážan"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "čvȓst"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "recio"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "sólido"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "solid"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "motståndskraftig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "stabil"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "sağlam"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn."
],
"id": "en-sturdy-en-adj-kRclzSR1",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 7 8 59 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 10 12 49 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a man of sturdy piety or patriotism",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding quality."
],
"id": "en-sturdy-en-adj-oYbaeFG4"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɜːdi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɜrdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)di"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sturdy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-sturdy.ogg/En-us-sturdy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-sturdy.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hardy"
}
],
"word": "sturdy"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sturdy"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sturdy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stourdy"
},
"expansion": "stourdy",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stordy",
"t": "bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious"
},
"expansion": "stordy (“bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sture"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sture",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stoure"
},
"expansion": "stoure",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stor",
"t": "strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy"
},
"expansion": "stor (“strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stour"
},
"expansion": "English stour",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estourdi",
"t": "dazed"
},
"expansion": "Old French estourdi (“dazed”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "estourdir"
},
"expansion": "estourdir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étourdir",
"3": "",
"4": "to daze, to make tipsy"
},
"expansion": "étourdir (“to daze, to make tipsy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*exturdire"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exturdire",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ex-"
},
"expansion": "ex-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "turdus",
"3": "",
"4": "thrush (bird)"
},
"expansion": "turdus (“thrush (bird)”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sturdy, stourdy, stordy (“bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious”) (perhaps influenced by Middle English sture, stoure, stor (“strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy”); see English stour), from Old French estourdi (“dazed”), form of estourdir, originally “to daze, to make tipsy (almost drunk)” (Modern French étourdir (“to daze, to make tipsy”)), from Vulgar Latin *exturdire. Latin etymology is unclear – presumably it is ex- + turdus (“thrush (bird)”), but how this should mean “daze” is unclear. A speculative theory is that thrushes eat leftover winery grapes and thus became drunk, but this meets with objections.\nDisease in cows and sheep is by extension of sense of “daze”, while sense of “strongly built” is of late 14th century, and relationship to earlier sense is less clear, perhaps from sense of a firm strike (causing a daze) or a strong, violent person.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "sturdy (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "sturdied"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A disease caused by a coenurus infestation in the brain of an animal, especially a sheep or canid; coenurosis."
],
"id": "en-sturdy-en-noun-dq2il6MS",
"links": [
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"coenurus",
"coenurus"
],
[
"sheep",
"sheep"
],
[
"canid",
"canid"
],
[
"coenurosis",
"coenurosis"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gid"
},
{
"word": "turnsick"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎrtoglavie",
"sense": "disease in sheep and cattle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "въртоглавие"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "disease in sheep and cattle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mètīlj"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɜːdi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɜrdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)di"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sturdy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-sturdy.ogg/En-us-sturdy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-sturdy.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "sturdy"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sturdy"
},
"expansion": "English: sturdy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: sturdy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "sturdy"
},
"expansion": "Yola: sturdy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: sturdy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estourdi"
},
"expansion": "Old French estourdi",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French estourdi.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "sturdy",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bold, valiant; strong in fight, mighty; bellicose"
],
"id": "en-sturdy-enm-adj-v1Y2pR4Y",
"links": [
[
"bold",
"bold"
],
[
"valiant",
"valiant"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"mighty",
"mighty"
],
[
"bellicose",
"bellicose"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stordy"
},
{
"word": "stourdy"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsturdiː/"
}
],
"word": "sturdy"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sturdy"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sturdy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estourdi"
},
"expansion": "Old French estourdi",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sturdy, from Old French estourdi.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "sturdy",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86",
"roman": "And there we had Treblere and sturdy Cournug.",
"text": "An aar w' had Treblere an sturdy Cournug.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sturdy"
],
"id": "en-sturdy-yol-adj-JaXEUvuV",
"links": [
[
"sturdy",
"sturdy#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stuːˈdiː/"
}
],
"word": "sturdy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)di",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)di/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "get sturdy"
},
{
"word": "sturdily"
},
{
"word": "sturdiness"
},
{
"word": "sturdy beggar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sturdy"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sturdy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stourdy"
},
"expansion": "stourdy",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stordy",
"t": "bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious"
},
"expansion": "stordy (“bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sture"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sture",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stoure"
},
"expansion": "stoure",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stor",
"t": "strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy"
},
"expansion": "stor (“strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stour"
},
"expansion": "English stour",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estourdi",
"t": "dazed"
},
"expansion": "Old French estourdi (“dazed”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "estourdir"
},
"expansion": "estourdir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étourdir",
"3": "",
"4": "to daze, to make tipsy"
},
"expansion": "étourdir (“to daze, to make tipsy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*exturdire"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exturdire",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ex-"
},
"expansion": "ex-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "turdus",
"3": "",
"4": "thrush (bird)"
},
"expansion": "turdus (“thrush (bird)”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sturdy, stourdy, stordy (“bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious”) (perhaps influenced by Middle English sture, stoure, stor (“strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy”); see English stour), from Old French estourdi (“dazed”), form of estourdir, originally “to daze, to make tipsy (almost drunk)” (Modern French étourdir (“to daze, to make tipsy”)), from Vulgar Latin *exturdire. Latin etymology is unclear – presumably it is ex- + turdus (“thrush (bird)”), but how this should mean “daze” is unclear. A speculative theory is that thrushes eat leftover winery grapes and thus became drunk, but this meets with objections.\nDisease in cows and sheep is by extension of sense of “daze”, while sense of “strongly built” is of late 14th century, and relationship to earlier sense is less clear, perhaps from sense of a firm strike (causing a daze) or a strong, violent person.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sturdier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sturdiest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "sturdy (comparative sturdier, superlative sturdiest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a sturdy oak tree",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1657, Henry Wotton, Characters of some Kings of England",
"text": "He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather sturdy then dainty.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of firm build; stiff; stout; strong."
],
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It was a sturdy building, able to withstand strong winds and cold weather.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The dog was sturdy and could work all day without getting tired.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "April 5 2022, Tina Brown, “How Princess Diana’s Dance With the Media Impacted William and Harry”, in Vanity Fair",
"text": "Diana’s most recent romantic adventure at that time was with the sturdy hunk Will Carling, captain of the England rugby team, whom she had met in 1995 working out at the Chelsea Harbor Club gym.\nadapted from the book The Palace Papers, published 2022 by Penguin Books",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Solid in structure or person."
],
"links": [
[
"structure",
"structure"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a man of sturdy piety or patriotism",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding quality."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɜːdi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɜrdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)di"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sturdy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-sturdy.ogg/En-us-sturdy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-sturdy.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hardy"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "amrakazm",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "ամրակազմ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "möhkəm"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "davamlı"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zdrav",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "здрав"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "silen",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "силен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "堅固"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāngù",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "坚固"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "結實"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiēshi",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "结实"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "solide"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "stevig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "robuust"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "vanttera"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "jykevä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "roima"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "roteva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "tanakka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "tukeva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "vankka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "solide"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "cruadhéanta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "solido"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "solida"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quercia"
},
{
"alt": "がんじょうな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ganjō na",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "頑丈な"
},
{
"alt": "じょうぶな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jōbu na",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "丈夫な"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "teunteunhada",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "튼튼하다"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "stingrs"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "stiprs"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "cvrst",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "цврст"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krúpen",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "кру́пен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sílen",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "си́лен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zdrav",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "здрав"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "pakari"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "tōtōpū"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "solid"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "harðgǫrr"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "solidny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "silny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "firme"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krépkij",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "кре́пкий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "djúžij",
"sense": "of firm build",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "дю́жий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zdoróvyj",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "здоро́вый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sílʹnyj",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "си́льный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "tapaidh"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "brogach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "krúpan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "snážan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "čvȓst"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "recio"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "sólido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "fuerte"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "stabil"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "rejäl"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "sağlam"
},
{
"alt": "結實",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "of firm build",
"word": "kết thật"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "amrakazm",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "ամրակազմ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "結實"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiēshi",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "结实"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "強壯"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiángzhuàng",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "强壮"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "stoer"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "potig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "jykevä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "tukeva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "vankka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "costaud"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "robuste"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "solide"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "stabil"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "robusta"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "stingrs"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "cvrst",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "цврст"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sílen",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "си́лен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krúpen",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "кру́пен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sóliden",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "со́лиден"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "pūngerungeru"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "tōtōpū"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "harðgǫrr"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tanumand",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "تنومند"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "forsch"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "solidny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "silny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "niezachwiany"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "solídnyj",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "соли́дный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "móščnyj",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "мо́щный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "tapaidh"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "brogach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "krúpan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "snážan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "čvȓst"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "recio"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "sólido"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "solid"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "motståndskraftig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "stabil"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "solid in structure or person",
"word": "sağlam"
}
],
"word": "sturdy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)di",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)di/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "sturdied"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sturdy"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sturdy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stourdy"
},
"expansion": "stourdy",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stordy",
"t": "bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious"
},
"expansion": "stordy (“bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sture"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sture",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stoure"
},
"expansion": "stoure",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stor",
"t": "strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy"
},
"expansion": "stor (“strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stour"
},
"expansion": "English stour",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estourdi",
"t": "dazed"
},
"expansion": "Old French estourdi (“dazed”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "estourdir"
},
"expansion": "estourdir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étourdir",
"3": "",
"4": "to daze, to make tipsy"
},
"expansion": "étourdir (“to daze, to make tipsy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*exturdire"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exturdire",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ex-"
},
"expansion": "ex-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "turdus",
"3": "",
"4": "thrush (bird)"
},
"expansion": "turdus (“thrush (bird)”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sturdy, stourdy, stordy (“bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious”) (perhaps influenced by Middle English sture, stoure, stor (“strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy”); see English stour), from Old French estourdi (“dazed”), form of estourdir, originally “to daze, to make tipsy (almost drunk)” (Modern French étourdir (“to daze, to make tipsy”)), from Vulgar Latin *exturdire. Latin etymology is unclear – presumably it is ex- + turdus (“thrush (bird)”), but how this should mean “daze” is unclear. A speculative theory is that thrushes eat leftover winery grapes and thus became drunk, but this meets with objections.\nDisease in cows and sheep is by extension of sense of “daze”, while sense of “strongly built” is of late 14th century, and relationship to earlier sense is less clear, perhaps from sense of a firm strike (causing a daze) or a strong, violent person.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "sturdy (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A disease caused by a coenurus infestation in the brain of an animal, especially a sheep or canid; coenurosis."
],
"links": [
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"coenurus",
"coenurus"
],
[
"sheep",
"sheep"
],
[
"canid",
"canid"
],
[
"coenurosis",
"coenurosis"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gid"
},
{
"word": "turnsick"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɜːdi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɜrdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)di"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sturdy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-sturdy.ogg/En-us-sturdy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-sturdy.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎrtoglavie",
"sense": "disease in sheep and cattle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "въртоглавие"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "disease in sheep and cattle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mètīlj"
}
],
"word": "sturdy"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sturdy"
},
"expansion": "English: sturdy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: sturdy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "sturdy"
},
"expansion": "Yola: sturdy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: sturdy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estourdi"
},
"expansion": "Old French estourdi",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French estourdi.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "sturdy",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"bold, valiant; strong in fight, mighty; bellicose"
],
"links": [
[
"bold",
"bold"
],
[
"valiant",
"valiant"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"mighty",
"mighty"
],
[
"bellicose",
"bellicose"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsturdiː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stordy"
},
{
"word": "stourdy"
}
],
"word": "sturdy"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sturdy"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sturdy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estourdi"
},
"expansion": "Old French estourdi",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sturdy, from Old French estourdi.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "sturdy",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Yola adjectives",
"Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"Yola lemmas",
"Yola terms derived from Middle English",
"Yola terms derived from Old French",
"Yola terms inherited from Middle English",
"Yola terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Yola terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86",
"roman": "And there we had Treblere and sturdy Cournug.",
"text": "An aar w' had Treblere an sturdy Cournug.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sturdy"
],
"links": [
[
"sturdy",
"sturdy#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stuːˈdiː/"
}
],
"word": "sturdy"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.