See sober in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "drunk"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "stoned"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "appeal from Philip drunk to Philip sober"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cold sober"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "draw a sober breath"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "drunk words are sober thoughts"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ensober"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sober as a judge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sober-curious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sober down"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "soberer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sober house"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "soberize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sober living house"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "soberly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "soberness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sobersided"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sobersides"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sober space"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sober up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stone-cold sober"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unsober"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wanton kittens make sober cats"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁egʷʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sobre"
},
"expansion": "Old French sobre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sōbrius"
},
"expansion": "Latin sōbrius",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁egʷʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "drink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“drink”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "undruncen"
},
"expansion": "Old English undruncen",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French sobre, from Latin sōbrius, from se- (“without”) + ebrius (“intoxicated”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“drink”). In the sense \"not drunk,\" displaced native undrunken, from Old English undruncen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "soberer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "soberest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "sober (comparative soberer, superlative soberest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "abstemious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "abstentious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "abstinent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "continent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "self-abnegating"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "self-denying"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "temperate"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "teetotaller"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "teetotaler"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "drunk"
},
{
"word": "drunk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not drunk; not intoxicated."
],
"id": "en-sober-en-adj-abhwOuH4",
"links": [
[
"drunk",
"drunk"
],
[
"intoxicated",
"intoxicated"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sober"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣāḥin",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "صَاحٍ"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "stʻapʻ",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "սթափ"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "ayıq"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ayıq",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "айыҡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "aynıq",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "айныҡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "cvjarózy",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "цвяро́зы"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trézven",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "тре́звен"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sobri"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qīngxǐng",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "清醒"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "冷靜"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lěngjìng",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "冷静"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "střízlivý"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "střízvý"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "ædru"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "nuchter"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "ťeťava",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "тетява"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sobra"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "kaine"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "selvä"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "selvin päin"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "pxizeli",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "ფხიზელი"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "nüchtern"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "nifálios",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "νηφάλιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "nēphálios",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "νηφάλιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "pikkéaḥ",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פּכֵּחַ"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "józan"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "siitiä"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "neamh-mheisciúil"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shirafu",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "シラフ"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "xqa",
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"roman": "aδïɣ",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "اَذِغْ"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sobrius"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "eniichter"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trezen",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "трезен"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trezven",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "трезвен"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "kāore i haurangi"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "edru"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "edru"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "trězvŭ",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "трѣзвъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "terezvŭ",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "терезвъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "tverezŭ",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "тверезъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "undruncen"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "nichta"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "trzeźwy"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sóbrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "treaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trézvyj",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "тре́звый"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tverjózyj",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"regional"
],
"word": "тверёзый"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "terjózvyj",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"regional"
],
"word": "терёзвый"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sòbair"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "stuama"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "трезан"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тријезан"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "трезвен"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "trezan"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "trijezan"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "trezven"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "triezvy"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "trezen"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "nuchtarny"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sobrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sereno"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "nykter"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "ayek",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "аек"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "ไม่เมา"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "สร่างเมา"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "ayık"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "tverézyj",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "твере́зий"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sobr"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 13 13 10 12 1 0",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "nikhter",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "ניכטער"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014 October 27, Taylor Swift, Imogen Heap, “Clean (Taylor's Version)”, in 1989 (Taylor's Version), performed by Taylor Swift, published 2023 October 27:",
"text": "Ten months sober, I must admit\nJust because you're clean, don't mean you don't miss it",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not under the influence of any recreational drug."
],
"id": "en-sober-en-adj-783iNtQp",
"links": [
[
"under the influence",
"under the influence"
],
[
"recreational drug",
"recreational drug"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"_dis": "10 8 30 7 6 9 17 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 30 5 4 8 20 3 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 27 7 5 8 19 2 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 31 5 4 7 21 2 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 29 6 4 7 15 3 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 29 7 5 9 15 2 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 12 27 7 5 8 15 2 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 32 4 5 6 19 2 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 26 6 8 8 21 1 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 34 5 3 7 18 2 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 34 5 3 7 18 2 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 30 5 6 7 19 2 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Karakhanid translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 34 5 3 7 18 2 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 32 4 6 6 21 4 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 31 5 6 7 19 2 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 29 7 5 9 16 2 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 30 6 4 7 18 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 29 6 7 8 18 2 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 27 7 8 8 18 2 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 27 7 6 9 19 2 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 37 4 4 5 21 1 1 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 53 2 3 3 21 0 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 26 5 10 6 21 1 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old East Slavic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 24 6 7 7 18 1 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 49 3 3 4 21 1 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 28 7 6 9 15 4 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 28 9 5 11 15 1 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 30 7 6 9 17 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 33 5 3 7 22 2 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 28 6 6 8 17 2 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 29 7 5 9 16 2 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 28 7 7 8 17 2 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 34 4 3 7 21 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 29 6 7 8 18 2 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 27 6 8 8 18 2 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 28 7 5 8 16 2 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 29 6 7 8 18 2 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 29 6 7 8 18 2 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 32 5 4 8 17 3 4 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 30 5 6 7 19 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1890, John Charles Cox, “The Sober Life”, in The Godly, Righteous, And Sober Life, page 35:",
"text": "Amid all the confusion and disorder that sin has introduced into the world, the Christian in union with God has a grace or Divine help that enables him to live the sober, self-restrained life.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 December 29, Hilary Sheinbaum, “Finding Love Without Alcohol”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "After eliminating alcohol from their lives, some sober individuals exclusively date nondrinkers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), (Please provide the book title or journal name):",
"text": "Rose told me that she's sober.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not given to excessive drinking of alcohol."
],
"id": "en-sober-en-adj-J47IUNKB",
"links": [
[
"excess",
"excess"
],
[
"drink",
"drink"
],
[
"alcohol",
"alcohol"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abstemious"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎzdǎržan",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "въздържан"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "sobri"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "ædruelig"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "nuchter"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "karske"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "raitis"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "egkratís",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "εγκρατής"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "mértékletes"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "neamh-mheisciúil"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "abstēmius"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "sóbrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "sòbair"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "stuama"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 70 4 5 2 5",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "sobr"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], London: […] Nath[aniel] Ponder […], →OCLC, page 31:",
"text": "God help me to watch and to be sober.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1681, John Dryden, “The Preface to Ovid’s Epistles”, in Ovid, Ovid’s Epistles, […], 2nd edition, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC, page 21:",
"text": "[N]o sober man would put himſelf into danger for the Applauſe of ſcaping without breaking his Neck.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Plato, translated by Lesley Brown, Sophist, page 230d:",
"text": "Which is the finest and soberest state possible.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Moderate; realistic; serious; not playful; not passionate; cool; self-controlled."
],
"id": "en-sober-en-adj-EybsFPGx",
"links": [
[
"Moderate",
"moderate#English"
],
[
"realistic",
"realistic"
],
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"playful",
"playful"
],
[
"passionate",
"passionate"
],
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"self-controlled",
"self-controlled"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Moderate; realistic; serious; not playful; not passionate; cool; self-controlled."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "moderate"
},
{
"word": "serious"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ayıq",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "айыҡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "aynıq",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "айныҡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "umeren",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "умерен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "sobri"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "moderate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "střízlivý"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "sober"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "hillitty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "nüchtern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "besonnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "ernst"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "nifálios",
"sense": "moderate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "νηφάλιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metriménos",
"sense": "moderate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μετρημένος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "józan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "higgadt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "megfontolt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "moderate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"alt": "まじめ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "majime",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "真面目"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "moderate",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "gedrēoh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "sȳfre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "sóbrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "umérennyj",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "уме́ренный"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "stuama"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "sobrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 28 72 0 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "sobr"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "Twilight grey / Had in her sober livery all things clad.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dull; not bright or colorful."
],
"id": "en-sober-en-adj--18umd8~",
"links": [
[
"Dull",
"dull#English"
],
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"colorful",
"colorful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of color) Dull; not bright or colorful."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of color"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "muted"
},
{
"word": "subdued"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "sobri"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dull",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tupý"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dull",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hloupý"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "hillitty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "of colours",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "gedeckt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "tompa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "fakó"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "matt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "dull",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "sóbrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nejárkij",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "нея́ркий"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "túsklyj",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "ту́склый"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "apagado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "hüşyar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "mutedil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "uyanık dikkatli"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "sobr"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1717, Alexander Pope, Letter from Edward Blount, Esq.:",
"text": "See her sober over a sampler, or gay over a jointed baby.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1718, Mat[thew] Prior, “Alma: Or, The Progress of the Mind”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], and John Barber […], →OCLC:",
"text": "What parts gay France from sober Spain? A little rising rocky chain.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Subdued; solemn; grave."
],
"id": "en-sober-en-adj-jE32oLxv",
"links": [
[
"Subdued",
"subdued#English"
],
[
"solemn",
"solemn"
],
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "serious"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 12 10 74 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "subdued; solemn; grave",
"word": "vakava"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 12 10 74 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "subdued; solemn; grave",
"word": "vakavamielinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 12 10 74 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "subdued; solemn; grave",
"word": "komoly"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 12 10 74 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "subdued; solemn; grave",
"word": "nguengue"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 12 10 74 1",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "subdued; solemn; grave",
"word": "ieeboa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 12 10 74 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "subdued; solemn; grave",
"word": "sobrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 12 10 74 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "subdued; solemn; grave",
"word": "sobr"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 27 3 4 5 32 3 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 0 0 8 7 26 3 4 4 16 1 1 7 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 32 5 5 6 27 1 1 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 26 6 8 8 21 1 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 23 5 6 7 28 1 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Poor; feeble."
],
"id": "en-sober-en-adj-BKeQE7cm",
"links": [
[
"Poor",
"poor#English"
],
[
"feeble",
"feeble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Poor; feeble."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "sō'bə",
"note": "r"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsəʊ.bə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsoʊ.bɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sober.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/En-us-sober.ogg/En-us-sober.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/En-us-sober.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊbə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "soba (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "clearheaded"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "on the wagon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "sober"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "sober as a judge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "stone-cold sober"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "undrunken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "unintoxicated"
}
],
"word": "sober"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁egʷʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sobre"
},
"expansion": "Old French sobre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sōbrius"
},
"expansion": "Latin sōbrius",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁egʷʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "drink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“drink”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "undruncen"
},
"expansion": "Old English undruncen",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French sobre, from Latin sōbrius, from se- (“without”) + ebrius (“intoxicated”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“drink”). In the sense \"not drunk,\" displaced native undrunken, from Old English undruncen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sobers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sobering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sobered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sobered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sober (third-person singular simple present sobers, present participle sobering, simple past and past participle sobered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1711, Alexander Pope, An Essay on Criticism:",
"text": "There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, / And drinking largely sobers us again.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1950 January, David L. Smith, “A Runaway at Beattock”, in Railway Magazine, page 53:",
"text": "The night air may have sobered him a bit by the time they got back to Beattock.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make or become sober."
],
"id": "en-sober-en-verb-o~Jrjho4",
"raw_glosses": [
"(often with up) To make or become sober."
],
"tags": [
"often",
"with-up"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iztreznjavam",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "изтрезнявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xǐngjiǔ",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "醒酒"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vystřízlivět"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "sobrigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "selvittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "ernüchtern"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "kijózanít"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yoi wo samasu",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "酔いを醒ます"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "nyktra"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "nyktra till"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It took him hours to sober up.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To overcome or lose a state of intoxication."
],
"id": "en-sober-en-verb-ORdlj8tt",
"links": [
[
"overcome",
"overcome"
],
[
"lose",
"lose"
],
[
"intoxication",
"intoxication"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often with up) To overcome or lose a state of intoxication."
],
"tags": [
"often",
"with-up"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 90 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vystřízlivět"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"word": "sobriĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"word": "selvitä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"word": "cuver"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"word": "ausnüchtern"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"word": "kijózanodik"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"word": "nyktra"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"word": "nyktra till"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 8 26 6 8 8 21 1 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Losing his job was a sobering experience.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To moderate one's feelings; to accept a disappointing reality after losing one's ability to believe in a fantastic goal."
],
"id": "en-sober-en-verb-iFykD5EU",
"links": [
[
"moderate",
"moderate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "sō'bə",
"note": "r"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsəʊ.bə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsoʊ.bɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sober.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/En-us-sober.ogg/En-us-sober.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/En-us-sober.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊbə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "soba (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "sober"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "drunk"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "stoned"
}
],
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁egʷʰ-",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊbə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/əʊbə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Erzya translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Karakhanid translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Old East Slavic translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "appeal from Philip drunk to Philip sober"
},
{
"word": "cold sober"
},
{
"word": "draw a sober breath"
},
{
"word": "drunk words are sober thoughts"
},
{
"word": "ensober"
},
{
"word": "sober as a judge"
},
{
"word": "sober-curious"
},
{
"word": "sober down"
},
{
"word": "soberer"
},
{
"word": "sober house"
},
{
"word": "soberize"
},
{
"word": "sober living house"
},
{
"word": "soberly"
},
{
"word": "soberness"
},
{
"word": "sobersided"
},
{
"word": "sobersides"
},
{
"word": "sober space"
},
{
"word": "sober up"
},
{
"word": "stone-cold sober"
},
{
"word": "unsober"
},
{
"word": "wanton kittens make sober cats"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁egʷʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sobre"
},
"expansion": "Old French sobre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sōbrius"
},
"expansion": "Latin sōbrius",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁egʷʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "drink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“drink”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "undruncen"
},
"expansion": "Old English undruncen",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French sobre, from Latin sōbrius, from se- (“without”) + ebrius (“intoxicated”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“drink”). In the sense \"not drunk,\" displaced native undrunken, from Old English undruncen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "soberer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "soberest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "sober (comparative soberer, superlative soberest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "abstemious"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "abstentious"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "abstinent"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "continent"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "self-abnegating"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "self-denying"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "temperate"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "teetotaller"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "teetotaler"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "drunk"
},
{
"word": "drunk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not drunk; not intoxicated."
],
"links": [
[
"drunk",
"drunk"
],
[
"intoxicated",
"intoxicated"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sober"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014 October 27, Taylor Swift, Imogen Heap, “Clean (Taylor's Version)”, in 1989 (Taylor's Version), performed by Taylor Swift, published 2023 October 27:",
"text": "Ten months sober, I must admit\nJust because you're clean, don't mean you don't miss it",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not under the influence of any recreational drug."
],
"links": [
[
"under the influence",
"under the influence"
],
[
"recreational drug",
"recreational drug"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Requests for date"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1890, John Charles Cox, “The Sober Life”, in The Godly, Righteous, And Sober Life, page 35:",
"text": "Amid all the confusion and disorder that sin has introduced into the world, the Christian in union with God has a grace or Divine help that enables him to live the sober, self-restrained life.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 December 29, Hilary Sheinbaum, “Finding Love Without Alcohol”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "After eliminating alcohol from their lives, some sober individuals exclusively date nondrinkers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), (Please provide the book title or journal name):",
"text": "Rose told me that she's sober.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not given to excessive drinking of alcohol."
],
"links": [
[
"excess",
"excess"
],
[
"drink",
"drink"
],
[
"alcohol",
"alcohol"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abstemious"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], London: […] Nath[aniel] Ponder […], →OCLC, page 31:",
"text": "God help me to watch and to be sober.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1681, John Dryden, “The Preface to Ovid’s Epistles”, in Ovid, Ovid’s Epistles, […], 2nd edition, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC, page 21:",
"text": "[N]o sober man would put himſelf into danger for the Applauſe of ſcaping without breaking his Neck.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Plato, translated by Lesley Brown, Sophist, page 230d:",
"text": "Which is the finest and soberest state possible.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Moderate; realistic; serious; not playful; not passionate; cool; self-controlled."
],
"links": [
[
"Moderate",
"moderate#English"
],
[
"realistic",
"realistic"
],
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"playful",
"playful"
],
[
"passionate",
"passionate"
],
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"self-controlled",
"self-controlled"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Moderate; realistic; serious; not playful; not passionate; cool; self-controlled."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "moderate"
},
{
"word": "serious"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "Twilight grey / Had in her sober livery all things clad.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dull; not bright or colorful."
],
"links": [
[
"Dull",
"dull#English"
],
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"colorful",
"colorful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of color) Dull; not bright or colorful."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of color"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "muted"
},
{
"word": "subdued"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1717, Alexander Pope, Letter from Edward Blount, Esq.:",
"text": "See her sober over a sampler, or gay over a jointed baby.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1718, Mat[thew] Prior, “Alma: Or, The Progress of the Mind”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], and John Barber […], →OCLC:",
"text": "What parts gay France from sober Spain? A little rising rocky chain.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Subdued; solemn; grave."
],
"links": [
[
"Subdued",
"subdued#English"
],
[
"solemn",
"solemn"
],
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "serious"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"Poor; feeble."
],
"links": [
[
"Poor",
"poor#English"
],
[
"feeble",
"feeble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Poor; feeble."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "sō'bə",
"note": "r"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsəʊ.bə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsoʊ.bɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sober.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/En-us-sober.ogg/En-us-sober.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/En-us-sober.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊbə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "soba (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "clearheaded"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "on the wagon"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "sober"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "sober as a judge"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "stone-cold sober"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "undrunken"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sober",
"word": "unintoxicated"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣāḥin",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "صَاحٍ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "stʻapʻ",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "սթափ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "ayıq"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ayıq",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "айыҡ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "aynıq",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "айныҡ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "cvjarózy",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "цвяро́зы"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trézven",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "тре́звен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sobri"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qīngxǐng",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "清醒"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "冷靜"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lěngjìng",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "冷静"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "střízlivý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "střízvý"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "ædru"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "nuchter"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "ťeťava",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "тетява"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sobra"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "kaine"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "selvä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "selvin päin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "pxizeli",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "ფხიზელი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "nüchtern"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "nifálios",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "νηφάλιος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "nēphálios",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "νηφάλιος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "pikkéaḥ",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פּכֵּחַ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "józan"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "siitiä"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "neamh-mheisciúil"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobrio"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shirafu",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "シラフ"
},
{
"code": "xqa",
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"roman": "aδïɣ",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "اَذِغْ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sobrius"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "eniichter"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trezen",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "трезен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trezven",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "трезвен"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "kāore i haurangi"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "edru"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "edru"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "trězvŭ",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "трѣзвъ"
},
{
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "terezvŭ",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "терезвъ"
},
{
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "tverezŭ",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "тверезъ"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "undruncen"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "nichta"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "trzeźwy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sóbrio"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "treaz"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trézvyj",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "тре́звый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tverjózyj",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"regional"
],
"word": "тверёзый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "terjózvyj",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"regional"
],
"word": "терёзвый"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sòbair"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "stuama"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "трезан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тријезан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "трезвен"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "trezan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "trijezan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "trezven"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "triezvy"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "trezen"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "nuchtarny"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sobrio"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sereno"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "nykter"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "ayek",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "аек"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "ไม่เมา"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "สร่างเมา"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "ayık"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "tverézyj",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "твере́зий"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "sobr"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "nikhter",
"sense": "not drunk",
"word": "ניכטער"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎzdǎržan",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "въздържан"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "sobri"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "ædruelig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "nuchter"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "karske"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "raitis"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "egkratís",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "εγκρατής"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "mértékletes"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "neamh-mheisciúil"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobrio"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "abstēmius"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "sóbrio"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "sòbair"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "stuama"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "not given to excessive drinking of alcohol",
"word": "sobr"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ayıq",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "айыҡ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "aynıq",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "айныҡ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "umeren",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "умерен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "sobri"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "moderate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "střízlivý"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "sober"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "hillitty"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "nüchtern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "besonnen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "ernst"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "nifálios",
"sense": "moderate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "νηφάλιος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metriménos",
"sense": "moderate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μετρημένος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "józan"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "higgadt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "megfontolt"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "moderate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobrio"
},
{
"alt": "まじめ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "majime",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "真面目"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "moderate",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "gedrēoh"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "sȳfre"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "sóbrio"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "umérennyj",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "уме́ренный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "stuama"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "sobrio"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "moderate",
"word": "sobr"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "sobri"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dull",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tupý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dull",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hloupý"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "hillitty"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "of colours",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "gedeckt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "tompa"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "fakó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "matt"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "dull",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "sóbrio"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nejárkij",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "нея́ркий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "túsklyj",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "ту́склый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "apagado"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "hüşyar"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "mutedil"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "uyanık dikkatli"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "dull",
"word": "sobr"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "subdued; solemn; grave",
"word": "vakava"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "subdued; solemn; grave",
"word": "vakavamielinen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "subdued; solemn; grave",
"word": "komoly"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "subdued; solemn; grave",
"word": "nguengue"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "subdued; solemn; grave",
"word": "ieeboa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "subdued; solemn; grave",
"word": "sobrio"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "subdued; solemn; grave",
"word": "sobr"
}
],
"word": "sober"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁egʷʰ-",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊbə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/əʊbə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Erzya translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Karakhanid translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Old East Slavic translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁egʷʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sobre"
},
"expansion": "Old French sobre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sōbrius"
},
"expansion": "Latin sōbrius",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁egʷʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "drink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“drink”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "undruncen"
},
"expansion": "Old English undruncen",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French sobre, from Latin sōbrius, from se- (“without”) + ebrius (“intoxicated”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“drink”). In the sense \"not drunk,\" displaced native undrunken, from Old English undruncen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sobers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sobering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sobered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sobered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sober (third-person singular simple present sobers, present participle sobering, simple past and past participle sobered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1711, Alexander Pope, An Essay on Criticism:",
"text": "There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, / And drinking largely sobers us again.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1950 January, David L. Smith, “A Runaway at Beattock”, in Railway Magazine, page 53:",
"text": "The night air may have sobered him a bit by the time they got back to Beattock.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make or become sober."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often with up) To make or become sober."
],
"tags": [
"often",
"with-up"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It took him hours to sober up.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To overcome or lose a state of intoxication."
],
"links": [
[
"overcome",
"overcome"
],
[
"lose",
"lose"
],
[
"intoxication",
"intoxication"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often with up) To overcome or lose a state of intoxication."
],
"tags": [
"often",
"with-up"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Losing his job was a sobering experience.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To moderate one's feelings; to accept a disappointing reality after losing one's ability to believe in a fantastic goal."
],
"links": [
[
"moderate",
"moderate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "sō'bə",
"note": "r"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsəʊ.bə(ɹ)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsoʊ.bɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-sober.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/En-us-sober.ogg/En-us-sober.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/En-us-sober.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊbə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "soba (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iztreznjavam",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "изтрезнявам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xǐngjiǔ",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "醒酒"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vystřízlivět"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "sobrigi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "selvittää"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "ernüchtern"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "kijózanít"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yoi wo samasu",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "酔いを醒ます"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "nyktra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make or become sober",
"word": "nyktra till"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vystřízlivět"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"word": "sobriĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"word": "selvitä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"word": "cuver"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"word": "ausnüchtern"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"word": "kijózanodik"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"word": "nyktra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "overcome intoxication",
"word": "nyktra till"
}
],
"word": "sober"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sober meaning in English (30.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.