"νηφάλιος" meaning in Ancient Greek

See νηφάλιος in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /nɛː.pʰá.li.os/, /niˈɸa.li.os/, /niˈfa.li.os/, /nɛː.pʰá.li.os/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /ne̝ˈpʰa.li.os/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /niˈɸa.li.os/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /niˈfa.li.os/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /niˈfa.li.os/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan)
Etymology: From νήφω (nḗphō, “to be sober, to abstain from wine, to be self-controlled”) + -άλιος (-álios). This family of words pertaining to sobriety (including also νήφων m (nḗphōn), νηφαίνω (nēphaínō, verb)) are related to Old Armenian նաւթի (nawtʿi, “fasting”, adjective). Ultimately, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *n-H(H)gʷʰ-ti-o- or from Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“to drink”) prefixed with the negative particle *n̥-. Etymology templates: {{af|grc|νήφω|-άλιος|t1=to be sober, to abstain from wine, to be self-controlled}} νήφω (nḗphō, “to be sober, to abstain from wine, to be self-controlled”) + -άλιος (-álios), {{m|grc|νήφων|g=m}} νήφων m (nḗphōn), {{m|grc|νηφαίνω|pos=v}} νηφαίνω (nēphaínō, verb), {{cog|xcl|նաւթի|pos=a|t=fasting}} Old Armenian նաւթի (nawtʿi, “fasting”, adjective), {{der|grc|ine-pro|*n-H(H)gʷʰ-ti-o-}} Proto-Indo-European *n-H(H)gʷʰ-ti-o-, {{der|grc|ine-pro|*h₁egʷʰ-|t=to drink}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“to drink”), {{m|ine-pro|*n̥-}} *n̥- Inflection templates: {{grc-adecl|νηφά̆λῐος|α}} Forms: nēphálios [romanization], νηφαλία [feminine], νηφάλιον [neuter], Attic declension-2 [table-tags], νηφᾰ́λῐος [masculine, nominative, singular], νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱ [feminine, nominative, singular], νηφᾰ́λῐον [neuter, nominative, singular], νηφᾰλῐ́ω [dual, masculine, nominative], νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱ [dual, feminine, nominative], νηφᾰλῐ́ω [dual, neuter, nominative], νηφᾰ́λῐοι [masculine, nominative, plural], νηφᾰ́λῐαι [feminine, nominative, plural], νηφᾰ́λῐᾰ [neuter, nominative, plural], νηφᾰλῐ́ου [genitive, masculine, singular], νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱς [feminine, genitive, singular], νηφᾰλῐ́ου [genitive, neuter, singular], νηφᾰλῐ́οιν [dual, genitive, masculine], νηφᾰλῐ́αιν [dual, feminine, genitive], νηφᾰλῐ́οιν [dual, genitive, neuter], νηφᾰλῐ́ων [genitive, masculine, plural], νηφᾰλῐ́ων [feminine, genitive, plural], νηφᾰλῐ́ων [genitive, neuter, plural], νηφᾰλῐ́ῳ [dative, masculine, singular], νηφᾰλῐ́ᾳ [dative, feminine, singular], νηφᾰλῐ́ῳ [dative, neuter, singular], νηφᾰλῐ́οιν [dative, dual, masculine], νηφᾰλῐ́αιν [dative, dual, feminine], νηφᾰλῐ́οιν [dative, dual, neuter], νηφᾰλῐ́οις [dative, masculine, plural], νηφᾰλῐ́αις [dative, feminine, plural], νηφᾰλῐ́οις [dative, neuter, plural], νηφᾰ́λῐον [accusative, masculine, singular], νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱν [accusative, feminine, singular], νηφᾰ́λῐον [accusative, neuter, singular], νηφᾰλῐ́ω [accusative, dual, masculine], νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱ [accusative, dual, feminine], νηφᾰλῐ́ω [accusative, dual, neuter], νηφᾰλῐ́ους [accusative, masculine, plural], νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱς [accusative, feminine, plural], νηφᾰ́λῐᾰ [accusative, neuter, plural], νηφᾰ́λῐε [masculine, singular, vocative], νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱ [feminine, singular, vocative], νηφᾰ́λῐον [neuter, singular, vocative], νηφᾰλῐ́ω [dual, masculine, vocative], νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱ [dual, feminine, vocative], νηφᾰλῐ́ω [dual, neuter, vocative], νηφᾰ́λῐοι [masculine, plural, vocative], νηφᾰ́λῐαι [feminine, plural, vocative], νηφᾰ́λῐᾰ [neuter, plural, vocative], νηφᾰλῐ́ως [adverbial, feminine, masculine, neuter], νηφᾰλῐώτερος [comparative, feminine, masculine, neuter], νηφᾰλῐώτᾰτος [feminine, masculine, neuter, superlative]
  1. (of people) sober, not inebriated
    Sense id: en-νηφάλιος-grc-adj-Xm8RQQUu
  2. unmixed with wine, wineless
    Sense id: en-νηφάλιος-grc-adj-wNLZXy6M Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -άλιος, Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 28 72 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -άλιος: 44 56 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes: 33 67
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: νηφαλέος (nēphaléos), νήφαλος (nḗphalos) [rare] Derived forms: νηφαλιότης (nēphaliótēs) (english: sobriety) [feminine], νηφαλίως (nēphalíōs) (english: in a sober manner) [adverb], νηφαλιεύω (nēphalieúō) (english: to offer wineless libations) [verb], νηφαλιεύς (nēphalieús) (english: sober (as an epithet of Apollo)) [adjective]

Download JSON data for νηφάλιος meaning in Ancient Greek (10.7kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "sobriety",
      "roman": "nēphaliótēs",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "νηφαλιότης"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "in a sober manner",
      "roman": "nēphalíōs",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ],
      "word": "νηφαλίως"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to offer wineless libations",
      "roman": "nēphalieúō",
      "tags": [
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "νηφαλιεύω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "sober (as an epithet of Apollo)",
      "roman": "nēphalieús",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "νηφαλιεύς"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "νήφω",
        "3": "-άλιος",
        "t1": "to be sober, to abstain from wine, to be self-controlled"
      },
      "expansion": "νήφω (nḗphō, “to be sober, to abstain from wine, to be self-controlled”) + -άλιος (-álios)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "νήφων",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "νήφων m (nḗphōn)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "νηφαίνω",
        "pos": "v"
      },
      "expansion": "νηφαίνω (nēphaínō, verb)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "նաւթի",
        "pos": "a",
        "t": "fasting"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian նաւթի (nawtʿi, “fasting”, adjective)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*n-H(H)gʷʰ-ti-o-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n-H(H)gʷʰ-ti-o-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁egʷʰ-",
        "t": "to drink"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“to drink”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*n̥-"
      },
      "expansion": "*n̥-",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From νήφω (nḗphō, “to be sober, to abstain from wine, to be self-controlled”) + -άλιος (-álios). This family of words pertaining to sobriety (including also νήφων m (nḗphōn), νηφαίνω (nēphaínō, verb)) are related to Old Armenian նաւթի (nawtʿi, “fasting”, adjective). Ultimately, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *n-H(H)gʷʰ-ti-o- or from Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“to drink”) prefixed with the negative particle *n̥-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nēphálios",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφαλία",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφάλιον",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First and second declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐος",
      "roman": "nēphálios",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱ",
      "roman": "nēphalíā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐον",
      "roman": "nēphálion",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ω",
      "roman": "nēphalíō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱ",
      "roman": "nēphalíā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ω",
      "roman": "nēphalíō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐοι",
      "roman": "nēphálioi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐαι",
      "roman": "nēpháliai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐᾰ",
      "roman": "nēphália",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ου",
      "roman": "nēphalíou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱς",
      "roman": "nēphalíās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ου",
      "roman": "nēphalíou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́οιν",
      "roman": "nēphalíoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́αιν",
      "roman": "nēphalíain",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́οιν",
      "roman": "nēphalíoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ων",
      "roman": "nēphalíōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ων",
      "roman": "nēphalíōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ων",
      "roman": "nēphalíōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ῳ",
      "roman": "nēphalíōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾳ",
      "roman": "nēphalíāi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ῳ",
      "roman": "nēphalíōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́οιν",
      "roman": "nēphalíoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́αιν",
      "roman": "nēphalíain",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́οιν",
      "roman": "nēphalíoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́οις",
      "roman": "nēphalíois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́αις",
      "roman": "nēphalíais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́οις",
      "roman": "nēphalíois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐον",
      "roman": "nēphálion",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱν",
      "roman": "nēphalíān",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐον",
      "roman": "nēphálion",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ω",
      "roman": "nēphalíō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱ",
      "roman": "nēphalíā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ω",
      "roman": "nēphalíō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ους",
      "roman": "nēphalíous",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱς",
      "roman": "nēphalíās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐᾰ",
      "roman": "nēphália",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐε",
      "roman": "nēphálie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱ",
      "roman": "nēphalíā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐον",
      "roman": "nēphálion",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ω",
      "roman": "nēphalíō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱ",
      "roman": "nēphalíā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ω",
      "roman": "nēphalíō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐοι",
      "roman": "nēphálioi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐαι",
      "roman": "nēpháliai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐᾰ",
      "roman": "nēphália",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ως",
      "roman": "nēphalíōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐώτερος",
      "roman": "nēphaliṓteros",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐώτᾰτος",
      "roman": "nēphaliṓtatos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "νηφά̆λῐος",
        "2": "α"
      },
      "name": "grc-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sober, not inebriated"
      ],
      "id": "en-νηφάλιος-grc-adj-Xm8RQQUu",
      "links": [
        [
          "sober",
          "sober"
        ],
        [
          "inebriated",
          "inebriated"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of people) sober, not inebriated"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of people"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 72",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 56",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -άλιος",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "νηφάλιαι θυσίαι ― nēpháliai thusíai ― wineless libations/sacrifices",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "νηφάλια θύειν ― nēphália thúein ― to offer wineless libations",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "offerings of water, milk, and honey to the Eumenides",
          "roman": "nēphália meilígmata",
          "text": "νηφάλια μειλίγματα",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "krater containing liquids unmixed with wine",
          "roman": "nēphálios kratḗr",
          "text": "νηφάλιος κρατήρ",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "wood other than vine twigs, burned in sacrifices",
          "roman": "nēphália xúla",
          "text": "νηφάλια ξύλα",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "unmixed with wine, wineless"
      ],
      "id": "en-νηφάλιος-grc-adj-wNLZXy6M",
      "links": [
        [
          "wineless",
          "wineless"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/nɛː.pʰá.li.os/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/niˈɸa.li.os/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/niˈfa.li.os/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nɛː.pʰá.li.os/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ne̝ˈpʰa.li.os/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/niˈɸa.li.os/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/niˈfa.li.os/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/niˈfa.li.os/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "nēphaléos",
      "word": "νηφαλέος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "nḗphalos",
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "νήφαλος"
    }
  ],
  "word": "νηφάλιος"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 4-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek adjectives",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -άλιος",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "sobriety",
      "roman": "nēphaliótēs",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "νηφαλιότης"
    },
    {
      "english": "in a sober manner",
      "roman": "nēphalíōs",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ],
      "word": "νηφαλίως"
    },
    {
      "english": "to offer wineless libations",
      "roman": "nēphalieúō",
      "tags": [
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "νηφαλιεύω"
    },
    {
      "english": "sober (as an epithet of Apollo)",
      "roman": "nēphalieús",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "νηφαλιεύς"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "νήφω",
        "3": "-άλιος",
        "t1": "to be sober, to abstain from wine, to be self-controlled"
      },
      "expansion": "νήφω (nḗphō, “to be sober, to abstain from wine, to be self-controlled”) + -άλιος (-álios)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "νήφων",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "νήφων m (nḗphōn)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "νηφαίνω",
        "pos": "v"
      },
      "expansion": "νηφαίνω (nēphaínō, verb)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "նաւթի",
        "pos": "a",
        "t": "fasting"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian նաւթի (nawtʿi, “fasting”, adjective)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*n-H(H)gʷʰ-ti-o-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n-H(H)gʷʰ-ti-o-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁egʷʰ-",
        "t": "to drink"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“to drink”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*n̥-"
      },
      "expansion": "*n̥-",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From νήφω (nḗphō, “to be sober, to abstain from wine, to be self-controlled”) + -άλιος (-álios). This family of words pertaining to sobriety (including also νήφων m (nḗphōn), νηφαίνω (nēphaínō, verb)) are related to Old Armenian նաւթի (nawtʿi, “fasting”, adjective). Ultimately, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *n-H(H)gʷʰ-ti-o- or from Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“to drink”) prefixed with the negative particle *n̥-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nēphálios",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφαλία",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφάλιον",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First and second declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐος",
      "roman": "nēphálios",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱ",
      "roman": "nēphalíā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐον",
      "roman": "nēphálion",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ω",
      "roman": "nēphalíō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱ",
      "roman": "nēphalíā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ω",
      "roman": "nēphalíō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐοι",
      "roman": "nēphálioi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐαι",
      "roman": "nēpháliai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐᾰ",
      "roman": "nēphália",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ου",
      "roman": "nēphalíou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱς",
      "roman": "nēphalíās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ου",
      "roman": "nēphalíou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́οιν",
      "roman": "nēphalíoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́αιν",
      "roman": "nēphalíain",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́οιν",
      "roman": "nēphalíoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ων",
      "roman": "nēphalíōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ων",
      "roman": "nēphalíōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ων",
      "roman": "nēphalíōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ῳ",
      "roman": "nēphalíōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾳ",
      "roman": "nēphalíāi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ῳ",
      "roman": "nēphalíōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́οιν",
      "roman": "nēphalíoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́αιν",
      "roman": "nēphalíain",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́οιν",
      "roman": "nēphalíoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́οις",
      "roman": "nēphalíois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́αις",
      "roman": "nēphalíais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́οις",
      "roman": "nēphalíois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐον",
      "roman": "nēphálion",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱν",
      "roman": "nēphalíān",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐον",
      "roman": "nēphálion",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ω",
      "roman": "nēphalíō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱ",
      "roman": "nēphalíā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ω",
      "roman": "nēphalíō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ους",
      "roman": "nēphalíous",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱς",
      "roman": "nēphalíās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐᾰ",
      "roman": "nēphália",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐε",
      "roman": "nēphálie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱ",
      "roman": "nēphalíā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐον",
      "roman": "nēphálion",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ω",
      "roman": "nēphalíō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ᾱ",
      "roman": "nēphalíā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ω",
      "roman": "nēphalíō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐοι",
      "roman": "nēphálioi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐαι",
      "roman": "nēpháliai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰ́λῐᾰ",
      "roman": "nēphália",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐ́ως",
      "roman": "nēphalíōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐώτερος",
      "roman": "nēphaliṓteros",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νηφᾰλῐώτᾰτος",
      "roman": "nēphaliṓtatos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "νηφά̆λῐος",
        "2": "α"
      },
      "name": "grc-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sober, not inebriated"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sober",
          "sober"
        ],
        [
          "inebriated",
          "inebriated"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of people) sober, not inebriated"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of people"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "νηφάλιαι θυσίαι ― nēpháliai thusíai ― wineless libations/sacrifices",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "νηφάλια θύειν ― nēphália thúein ― to offer wineless libations",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "offerings of water, milk, and honey to the Eumenides",
          "roman": "nēphália meilígmata",
          "text": "νηφάλια μειλίγματα",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "krater containing liquids unmixed with wine",
          "roman": "nēphálios kratḗr",
          "text": "νηφάλιος κρατήρ",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "wood other than vine twigs, burned in sacrifices",
          "roman": "nēphália xúla",
          "text": "νηφάλια ξύλα",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "unmixed with wine, wineless"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wineless",
          "wineless"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/nɛː.pʰá.li.os/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/niˈɸa.li.os/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/niˈfa.li.os/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nɛː.pʰá.li.os/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ne̝ˈpʰa.li.os/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/niˈɸa.li.os/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/niˈfa.li.os/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/niˈfa.li.os/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "nēphaléos",
      "word": "νηφαλέος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nḗphalos",
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "νήφαλος"
    }
  ],
  "word": "νηφάλιος"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.