See muddy in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "muddily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "muddiness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "muddyish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Muddy Mississippi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Muddy York"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "muddi"
},
"expansion": "Middle English muddi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mud-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mud-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mū-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mū-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mud",
"3": "y",
"id2": "adjectival",
"pos2": "suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "muddle"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of muddle",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "moddich"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German moddich",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "muddig",
"t": "muddy; mouldy"
},
"expansion": "German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English muddi, moddy, muddy (“covered with or full of mud, muddy”), from mud, mudde (“mud; turbid water”) + -i (suffix forming adjectives). Mud, mudde is possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch modde, and/or Middle Low German modde, mudde, from Proto-Germanic *mud-, *mudra- (“mud”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mew- (“moist”). The English word is analysable as mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives). Doublet of muddle.\nThe verb is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle Low German moddich, muddich (German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "muddier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "muddiest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "muddy (comparative muddier, superlative muddiest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mud‧dy"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He slogged across the muddy field.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Take off your muddy boots before you come inside.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1606, Charles Steuens [i.e., Charles Estienne], John Liebault [i.e., Jean Liébault], “The Seating and Situating of the Countrie Farme, with Other His Appurtinances”, in Richard Surflet, transl., Maison Rustique, or The Countrey Farme: […], London: […] Arnold Hatfield for Iohn Norton and Iohn Bill, →OCLC, book I, page 7:",
"text": "It [the cistern] muſt be firmely and cloſely paued vvith clay and mortar, and after dravvne ouer and floored vvith the ſame mortar, to the ende that the vvater be not made muddy or taſt of the earth: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1616, Charles Steuens [i.e., Charles Estienne], John Liebault [i.e., Jean Liébault]; Gervase Markham, “Of the Sorts of Fishes wherewith Pooles, Ponds, and Ditches, are to be Furnished”, in Richard Surflet, transl., Maison Rustique, or, The Countrey Farme. […], new edition, London: […] Adam Jslip for John Bill, →OCLC, book IV (That There are Two Sorts of Medowes), page 508:",
"text": "[T]he augure, […] is a ſharpe inſtrument of yron made thinne vvith many ſharpe teeth, and ſo ſtriken into holes or muddie banks, vvhere they vvill many times catch a verie great aboundance of Eeles: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 143, lines 686–687:",
"text": "All theſe Cocytus bounds vvith ſqualid Reeds, / VVith Muddy Ditches, and vvith deadly VVeeds: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1705, J[oseph] Addison, “From Rome to Naples”, in Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 188:",
"text": "A long Canal the muddy Fenn divides, / And vvith a clear unſully'd Current glides; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1952 September 19, John Steinbeck, chapter 15, in East of Eden, Chicago, Ill.: Sears Readers Club, published 2002, →ISBN, section 3, page 170:",
"text": "I came out of the army like dragging myself muddy out of a swamp. I wandered for a long time before going home to a remembered place I did not love.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021, Claire Maxted, “Quick Start”, in The Ultimate Trail Running Handbook: Get Fit, Confident and Skilled Up to Go from 5K to 50K, London: Bloomsbury Sport, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 25:",
"text": "When faced with a rockier or muddier section, look ahead for the easiest way across. This might involve hopping from one rock to another, or looking for flat sections or patches of vegetation that might be grippier.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Covered or splashed with, or full of, mud (“wet soil”)."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-I8VbHqhn",
"links": [
[
"Covered",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"splashed",
"splash#Verb"
],
[
"full",
"full#Adjective"
],
[
"mud",
"mud#English"
],
[
"wet",
"wet#Adjective"
],
[
"soil",
"soil#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Scotland"
],
"word": "clatchy"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kalen",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "кален"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mrǎsen",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "мръсен"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangós"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "tlawoduhi",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "ᏝᏬᏚᎯ"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "渾"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hún",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "浑"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "blátivý"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "dag",
"lang": "Dagbani",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "biɛtibiɛti"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mudret"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "kota"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "runutur"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "kurainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "kurassa"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mutainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mudassa"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "rapainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "ravassa"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boueux"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vaseux"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "schlammig"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "matschig"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "saras"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "sáros"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "forugur"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "berlumpur"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mutaisikko"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "retuisa"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangose"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "abarach"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "draoibeach"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lábach"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "maburak"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "līmōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "luteolus"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "luteus"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lutulentus"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "blottich"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "błocisty"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "błotnisty"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "barroso"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lodoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lamacento"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grjáznyj",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "гря́зный"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бла̀тан"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blàtan"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "barroso"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "enfangado"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lodoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "turbio"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "bolokot"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lerig"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "maputik"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "lə́-kloon",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "เลอะโคลน"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "brudnýj",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "брудни́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "bùn lầy"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lầy lội"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 2 8 1 9 1 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 8",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "sình lầy"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The previously limpid water was now muddy as a result of the struggle between the alligator and the wild boar.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1610, Gervase Markham, “Of the Sixe Things Not Naturall, How They Profit, and How They Hurt”, in Markhams Maister-peece. Contayning All Knowledge Belonging to the Smith, Farrier, or Horse-leech, Touching the Curing of All Diseases in Horses: […], 5th edition, London: […] Nicholas and Iohn Okes, […], published 1636, →OCLC, 1st book (Containing All Cures Physicall, […]), page 21:",
"text": "[A]s for his vvater [i.e., the horse's urine], the more pure, it is the better; and the more muddy, thicke, and pleaſant,^([sic – meaning unpleasant?]) ſo much the more unhealthfull.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1662 (date written), Thomas Fuller, “Northampton-shire”, in The History of the Worthies of England, London: […] J[ohn] G[rismond,] W[illiam] L[eybourne] and W[illiam] G[odbid], published 1662, →OCLC, page 291:",
"text": "[T]he moſt generous VVines are the moſt muddy, before they are fine.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1705, J[oseph] Addison, “Pavia, Milan, &c.”, in Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 26:",
"text": "[I]n Italy one ſeldom ſees a River that is extreamly bright and limpid, moſt of 'em falling dovvn from the Mountains, that make their VVaters very troubled and muddy, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension; cloudy, turbid."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-oRU-ZHE-",
"links": [
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid#Noun"
],
[
"contain",
"contain"
],
[
"sediment",
"sediment#Noun"
],
[
"suspension",
"suspension"
],
[
"cloudy",
"cloudy"
],
[
"turbid",
"turbid"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mǎten",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "мътен"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "nauk",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "နောက်"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "kurainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "mutainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "samea"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tholerós",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "θολερός"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "saras"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "iszapos"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turbide"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "ceachrach"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "dorcha"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "moirtiúil"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "modartha"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "murtallach"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "tiubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nigori",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "濁り"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khvɑl",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "ខ្វល់"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turbidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "kōparu"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "grumsete"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "grumsete"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mútnyj",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "му́тный"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "pantanoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turbio"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 41 7 0 5 1 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 2 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kalamútnyj",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "каламу́тний"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vii], page 276, column 2:",
"text": "[H]er garments, heauy vvith her drinke, / Pul'd the poore vvretch from her melodious buy^([sic – meaning lay]), / To muddy death.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to mud; also, having the characteristics of mud, especially in colour or taste."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-EnMn9g9i",
"links": [
[
"having",
"have#Verb"
],
[
"characteristics",
"characteristic#Noun"
],
[
"colour",
"colour#Noun"
],
[
"taste",
"taste#Noun"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 3 45 1 9 1 5 3 3 3 4 3 3 1 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having the characteristics of mud, especially in colour or taste",
"word": "kuramainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 3 45 1 9 1 5 3 3 3 4 3 3 1 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having the characteristics of mud, especially in colour or taste",
"word": "mutamainen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soiled with feces."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-0HsyFtdg",
"links": [
[
"Soiled",
"soil#Verb"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) Soiled with feces."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 70 1 10 3 1 1 1 2 3 0 2 0 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(euphemistic) soiled with feces",
"word": "kurainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 70 1 10 3 1 1 1 2 3 0 2 0 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(euphemistic) soiled with feces",
"word": "rapainen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1818 (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Mazenghi”, in Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, editor, Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley, London: […] [C. H. Reynell] for John and Henry L[eigh] Hunt, […], published 1824, →OCLC, stanza 9, page 259:",
"text": "There is a point of strand / Near Vada's tower and town; and on one side / The treacherous marsh divides it from the land, / Shadowed by pine and ilex forests wide, / And on the other creeps eternally, / Through muddy weeds, the shallow, sullen sea.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj--ky1ujq4",
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"growing",
"grow#Verb"
],
[
"living",
"live#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 2 5 1 64 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 0 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud",
"word": "kurassa elävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 2 5 1 64 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 0 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud",
"word": "mudassa elävä"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:",
"text": "There's not the ſmalleſt orbe [in the sky] vvhich thou beholdſt, / But in his motion like an Angell ſings, / Still quiring to the young eide Cherubins; / Such harmony is in immortall ſoules, / But vvhilſt this muddy veſture of decay [i.e., the human body] / Doth groſſely cloſe in it, vve cannot heare it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1599, W. Kinsayder or Theriomastix [pseudonyms; John Marston], “Fronti nulla fides”, in The Scourge of Villanie. […], London: […] I[ames] R[oberts], →OCLC; republished as G[eorge] B[agshawe] Harrison, editor, The Scourge of Villanie (The Bodley Head Quartos; 13), London: John Lane, The Bodley Head […]; New York, N.Y.: E[dward] P[ayson] Dutton & Company, 1925, →OCLC, page 16:",
"text": "Thou sweet Arabian Panchaia, / Perfume this nastie age, smugge Lesbia / Hath stinking lunges, although a simpring grace, / A muddy inside, though a sulphul'd face.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dirty, filthy."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-Xjeet65t",
"links": [
[
"Dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"filthy",
"filthy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Dirty, filthy."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 1 5 2 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 4 4 1 6 1 2 1 3 1 3 8 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 1 4 1 11 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 7 4 1 4 5 5 1 2 1 3 9 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of a colour: not bright: dirty, dull."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-enaSHPLD",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"bright",
"bright#Adjective"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty#Adjective"
],
[
"dull",
"dull#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of a colour: not bright: dirty, dull."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "faint"
},
{
"word": "wan"
},
{
"word": "dim"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of an image: blurry or dim."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-b4V8XKW3",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"image",
"image#Noun"
],
[
"blurry",
"blurry"
],
[
"dim",
"dim#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of an image: blurry or dim."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of light: cloudy, opaque."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-u2dnn59o",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"light",
"light#Noun"
],
[
"opaque",
"opaque#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of light: cloudy, opaque."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The television picture is decent, but the sound is muddy.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of sound (especially during performance, recording, or playback): indistinct, muffled."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-84MSjCDp",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"performance",
"performance"
],
[
"recording",
"recording#Noun"
],
[
"playback",
"playback"
],
[
"indistinct",
"indistinct"
],
[
"muffled",
"muffled#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of sound (especially during performance, recording, or playback): indistinct, muffled."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 280, column 1:",
"text": "Do'ſt thinke I am ſo muddy, ſo vnſettled, / To appoint my ſelfe in this vexation?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, [Miles Smith], “The Translators to the Reader”, in The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Againe they vvere not out of the Hebrevv fountaine (vvee ſpeake of the Latine Tranſlations of the Old Teſtament) but out of the Greeke ſtreame, therefore the Greeke being not altogether cleare, the Latine deriued from it muſt needs be muddie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1688, John Bunyan, “ The Water of Life; or, A Discourse Showing the Richness and Glory of the Grace and Spirit of the Gospel, as Set Forth in Scripture by this Term, ‘the Water of Life’”, in Henry Stebbing, editor, The Entire Works of John Bunyan, […], volume III, London: James S[prent] Virtue, […], published 1862, →OCLC, page 216, column 2:",
"text": "If their doctrines are muddy, their notions are muddy: if their doctrines are bloody, their notions and tempers are bloody: but if their doctrines are clear, so are their notions, for their doctrine has given them a clear understanding of things.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 115:",
"text": "On the ſcheme of this barbarous philoſophy, vvhich is the offſpring of cold hearts and muddy underſtandings, […] lavvs are to be ſupported only by their ovvn terrors, and by the concern, vvhich each individual may find in them, from his ovvn private ſpeculations, or can ſpare to them from his ovvn private intereſts.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1791 (date written), Mary Wollstonecraft, “The Prevailing Opinion of a Sexual Character Discussed”, in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects, 1st American edition, Boston, Mass.: […] Peter Edes for Thomas and Andrews, […], published 1792, →OCLC, page 46:",
"text": "[S]oldiers acquire a little ſuperficial knowledge, ſnatched from the muddy current of converſation, and, from continually mixing with ſociety, they gain, what is termed a knowledge of the world; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1840, M. A. Titmarsh [pseudonym; William Makepeace Thackeray], “Madame [George] Sand and the New Apocalypse”, in The Paris Sketch Book, volume II, London: John Macrone, […], →OCLC, page 105:",
"text": "Wretched as Voltaire's sneers and puns are, I think there is something more manly and earnest even in them, than in the present muddy French transcendentalism.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of speech, thinking, or writing: ambiguous or vague; or confused, incoherent, or mixed-up; also, poorly expressed."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-nrc-0tBw",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"speech",
"speech#Noun"
],
[
"thinking",
"thinking#Noun"
],
[
"writing",
"writing#Noun"
],
[
"ambiguous",
"ambiguous"
],
[
"vague",
"vague#Adjective"
],
[
"confused",
"confused#Adjective"
],
[
"incoherent",
"incoherent"
],
[
"mixed-up",
"mixed-up"
],
[
"poorly",
"poorly"
],
[
"expressed",
"express#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of speech, thinking, or writing: ambiguous or vague; or confused, incoherent, or mixed-up; also, poorly expressed."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "muddled"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1791, Oliver Goldsmith, “Of Winds, Irregular and Regular”, in An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature. […], new edition, volume I, London: […] F[rancis] Wingrave, successor to Mr. [John] Nourse, […], →OCLC, page 333:",
"text": "Our ovvn muddy atmoſphere, that vvraps us round in obſcurity, though it fails to gild our proſpects vvith ſun-ſhine, or our groves vvith fruitage, nevertheleſs anſvvers the calls of industry.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of the air: not fresh; impure, polluted."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-OrQppKSB",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"air",
"air#Noun"
],
[
"fresh",
"fresh#Adjective"
],
[
"impure",
"impure"
],
[
"polluted",
"polluted#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"(chiefly literary, poetic) Of the air: not fresh; impure, polluted."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, A Midsommer Nights Dreame. […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Richard Bradock] for Thomas Fisher, […], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:",
"text": "To vvhat, my loue, ſhall I compare thine eyne? / Chriſtall is muddy.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1841, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Essay IV. Spiritual Laws.”, in Essays, Boston, Mass.: James Munroe and Company, →OCLC, page 128:",
"text": "Faces never lie, it is said. […] When a man speaks the truth in the spirit of truth, his eye is as clear as the heavens. When he has base ends, and speaks falsely, the eye is muddy and sometimes asquint.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008 December, “Assessment, Grading, and Cheating”, in Classroom Management (Idea Book Series; Information Collection and Exchange Publication; no. M0088), Washington, D.C.: Office of Overseas Programming and Training Support, Information Collection and Exchange, Peace Corps, published March 2009, →OCLC, page 99:",
"text": "At the end of a class or a lecture, ask students to write for one or two minutes about the \"muddiest point\" of the lesson (the part of the lesson that is still not understood clearly).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019, David Egan, “Wittgenstein’s Pursuit of Authenticity in Philosophy”, in The Pursuit of an Authentic Philosophy: Wittgenstein, Heidegger, and the Everyday, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, part III (The Pursuit of an Authentic Philosophy), page 222:",
"text": "[P]hilosophers often press thought experiments into service as a way of addressing a given philosophical problem by analogy: […] Thomson thinks the question of whether we are permitted to unplug ourselves from an unconscious violinist to whom we have been unwittingly attached admits of a fairly clear answer, and wants to bring that clarity to the muddier issue of abortion.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-fivU1B82",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1653, Henry More, “Conjectura Cabbalistica. Or, A Conjectural Essay of Interpreting the Mind of Moses, in the Three First Chapters of Genesis, According to a Threefold Cabbala: Viz. Literal, Philosophical, Mystical, or, Divinely Moral. The Moral Cabbala. Chapter I.”, in A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings of Dr Henry More […], London: […] James Flesher for William Morden, […], published 1662, →OCLC, , paragraph 6, page 102:",
"text": "[B]y the vvill of God the Heavenly Principle (though it be in it ſelf inviſible and undiſcernible) in due time becomes a Spirit of ſavoury and affectionate diſcernment betvvixt the evil and the good; betvvixt the pure vvaters that flovv from the holy Spirit, and the muddy and tumultuous ſuggeſtions of the Fleſh.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1878 June–October, Robert Louis Stevenson, “[The Rajah’s Diamond.] Story of the House with the Green Blinds.”, in New Arabian Nights […], volume I, London: Chatto & Windus, […], published 1882, →OCLC, page 215:",
"text": "Business is business; and your business, let me remind you, is too muddy for such airs.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1928, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter XVIII, in Lady Chatterley’s Lover, [Germany?]: Privately printed, →OCLC, page 284:",
"text": "I have been to the depths of the muddy lives of the Bertha Couttses of this world, and when, released from the current of gossip, I slowly rise to the surface again, I look at the daylight in wonder that it ever should be.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Originally, morally or religiously wrong; corrupt, sinful; now, morally or legally dubious; shady, sketchy."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-9vpBPNyJ",
"links": [
[
"morally",
"morally"
],
[
"religiously",
"religiously"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong#Adjective"
],
[
"corrupt",
"corrupt#Adjective"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"legally",
"legally"
],
[
"dubious",
"dubious"
],
[
"shady",
"shady"
],
[
"sketchy",
"sketchy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Originally, morally or religiously wrong; corrupt, sinful; now, morally or legally dubious; shady, sketchy."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Of a person or their facial expression: angry, sad, or sulky."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-XtofjAPk",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"facial",
"facial#Adjective"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"angry",
"angry"
],
[
"sad",
"sad#Adjective"
],
[
"sulky",
"sulky"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"(archaic) Of a person or their facial expression: angry, sad, or sulky."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1791, James Boswell, quoting Samuel Johnson, “[1776]”, in The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. […], volume II, London: […] Henry Baldwin, for Charles Dilly, […], →OCLC, page 33:",
"text": "[N]ot that he gets drunk, for he is a very pious man, but he is always muddy.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Slightly drunk; tipsy."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-NaumHHfd",
"links": [
[
"Slightly",
"slightly"
],
[
"drunk",
"drunk#Adjective"
],
[
"tipsy",
"tipsy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"(obsolete) Slightly drunk; tipsy."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fuddled"
},
{
"word": "muddled"
},
{
"word": "drunk"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-muddy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg/En-us-muddy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdi"
}
],
"word": "muddy"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "muddier"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "muddying"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "muddy up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "muddy the waters"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "muddy the water"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "muddi"
},
"expansion": "Middle English muddi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mud-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mud-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mū-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mū-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mud",
"3": "y",
"id2": "adjectival",
"pos2": "suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "muddle"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of muddle",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "moddich"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German moddich",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "muddig",
"t": "muddy; mouldy"
},
"expansion": "German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English muddi, moddy, muddy (“covered with or full of mud, muddy”), from mud, mudde (“mud; turbid water”) + -i (suffix forming adjectives). Mud, mudde is possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch modde, and/or Middle Low German modde, mudde, from Proto-Germanic *mud-, *mudra- (“mud”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mew- (“moist”). The English word is analysable as mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives). Doublet of muddle.\nThe verb is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle Low German moddich, muddich (German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "muddies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "muddying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "muddied",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "muddied",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "muddy (third-person singular simple present muddies, present participle muddying, simple past and past participle muddied)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mud‧dy"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If you muddy your shoes don’t wear them inside.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1908, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, “Twelfth Chapter”, in A Room with a View, London: Edward Arnold, →OCLC, part II, page 200:",
"text": "[T]hey splashed George. He was quiet: they feared they had offended him. Then all the forces of youth burst out. He smiled, flung himself at them, splashed them, ducked them, kicked them, muddied them, and drove them out of the pool.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover or splash (someone or something) with mud."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-~P1lC5zG",
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"splash",
"splash#Verb"
],
[
"mud",
"mud#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To cover or splash (someone or something) with mud."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "liata kuralla"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "liata mudalla"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "liata ravalla"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "lutō"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "błocić"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ubłocić"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1791 (date written), Mary Wollstonecraft, “Duty to Parents”, in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects, 1st American edition, Boston, Mass.: […] Peter Edes for Thomas and Andrews, […], published 1792, →OCLC, page 269:",
"text": "This is at the bottom a dictate of common ſenſe, or the inſtinct of ſelf-defence, peculiar to ignorant weakneſs; reſembling that inſtinct, which makes a fiſh muddy the water it ſwims in to allude its enemy, inſtead of boldly facing it in the clear ſtream.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1855 January 5, Anthony Trollope, “Dr. Grantly Visits the Hospital”, in The Warden, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 82:",
"text": "His life had hitherto been so quiet, so free from strife; […] It was so hard that the pleasant waters of his little stream should be disturbed and muddied by rough hands; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (water or some other liquid) cloudy or turbid by stirring up mud or other sediment."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-P-pNnLJ7",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid#Noun"
],
[
"cloudy",
"cloudy"
],
[
"turbid",
"turbid"
],
[
"stirring up",
"stir up"
],
[
"sediment",
"sediment#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To make (water or some other liquid) cloudy or turbid by stirring up mud or other sediment."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 63 1 1 5 6 5 2 6 11 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (water or some other liquid) cloudy or turbid by stirring up mud or other sediment",
"word": "samentaa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The discussion only muddied their understanding of the subject.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], page 273, column 2:",
"text": "VVhen ſorrovves comes,^([sic – meaning come]) they come not ſingle ſpies, / But in Battalia[n]es. Firſt, her Father ſlaine, / Next your Sonne gone, and he moſt violent Author / Of his ovvne iuſt remoue: the people muddied, / Thicke and vnvvholſome in their thoughts, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1791 (date written), Mary Wollstonecraft, “Of the Pernicious Effects which Arise from the Unnatural Distinctions Established in Society”, in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects, 1st American edition, Boston, Mass.: […] Peter Edes for Thomas and Andrews, […], published 1792, →OCLC, page 255:",
"text": "I only recreated an imagination, fatigued by contemplating the vices and follies which all proceed from a feculent ſtream of wealth that has muddied the pure rills of natural affection, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1817 December 31 (indicated as 1818), [Walter Scott], chapter XII, in Rob Roy. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 278:",
"text": "Habitual topers, I believe, acquire the power of soaking themselves with a quantity of liquor which does little more than muddy those intellects, that, in their sober state, are none of the clearest; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To confuse (a person or their thinking); to muddle."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-~9hayeib",
"links": [
[
"confuse",
"confuse"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"thinking",
"thinking#Noun"
],
[
"muddle",
"muddle#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To confuse (a person or their thinking); to muddle."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To damage (a person or their reputation); to sully, to tarnish."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-sKfemlNT",
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage#Verb"
],
[
"reputation",
"reputation"
],
[
"sully",
"sully#Verb"
],
[
"tarnish",
"tarnish#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To damage (a person or their reputation); to sully, to tarnish."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The addition of the second batch of paint muddied the bright colours to a dull and washed look.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-W-XXJT5N",
"links": [
[
"colour",
"colour#Noun"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty#Adjective"
],
[
"dull",
"dull#Adjective"
],
[
"muted",
"muted#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 8 0 1 70 7 9 1 2 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted",
"word": "himmentää"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 8 0 1 70 7 9 1 2 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted",
"word": "samentaa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014 July 1, Steve Rose, “Dawn of the Planet of the Apes: a primate scream – first look review”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-11-27:",
"text": "As the humans establish tentative bonds with their evolutionary cousins, the inter-species waters start to muddy.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 April 28, Alex McLevy, “Game Of Thrones Suffers the Fog of War in the Battle against the Dead (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2021-05-31:",
"text": "It may have been effective at conveying the confusion of the situation, but it didn't make for terribly thrilling scenes. The blurry camerawork (quite literally at times) and rapid-fire editing meant that exchanges of blows that should have been viscerally thrilling were often muddied, good for capturing the mood but not much fun to watch.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (a matter, etc.) more complicated or unclear; to make a mess of (something)."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-rVrr6PFw",
"links": [
[
"matter",
"matter#Noun"
],
[
"complicated",
"complicated#Adjective"
],
[
"unclear",
"unclear"
],
[
"mess",
"mess#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To make (a matter, etc.) more complicated or unclear; to make a mess of (something)."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 5 1 0 4 82 4 1 2 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (a matter, etc.) more complicated or unclear; to make a mess of (something)",
"word": "sekoittaa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) impure; to contaminate."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-KfkKAXW0",
"links": [
[
"impure",
"impure"
],
[
"contaminate",
"contaminate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To make (something) impure; to contaminate."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii], page 252, column 2:",
"text": "[…] I am novv ſir muddied in fortunes mood, and ſmell ſomevvhat ſtrong of her ſtrong diſpleaſure.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause or permit (someone or something) to become stuck in mud; to mire."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-7h9fWN~e",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"permit",
"permit#Verb"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"stuck",
"stuck#Adjective"
],
[
"mire",
"mire#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"(obsolete) To cause or permit (someone or something) to become stuck in mud; to mire."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 1 6 0 7 0 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 2 6 10 0 7 1 1 0 1 0 1 10 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 5 1 6 2 6 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 5 2 6 2 2 2 3 2 3 10 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -y (adjectival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 5 1 6 1 6 5 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 5 9 1 6 2 2 2 3 2 3 8 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -y (diminutive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 5 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 0 5 2 7 2 2 2 2 2 3 22 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 1 7 0 8 1 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 7 13 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 2 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 6 0 7 0 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 0 0 6 11 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 1 5 2 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 4 4 1 6 1 2 1 3 1 3 8 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 5 1 6 1 9 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 2 6 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 1 4 1 7 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 7 5 1 4 6 5 1 2 1 2 10 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 5 1 8 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 2 5 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 2 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 5 1 8 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 2 6 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cherokee translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 6 1 7 1 7 5 5 5 6 5 5 0 0 5 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 2 17 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dagbani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 5 1 6 1 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 2 5 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 2 18 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 6 1 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 5 1 6 1 1 1 2 1 2 14 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 4 1 5 1 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 7 4 1 4 6 6 1 2 1 2 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 5 1 6 1 8 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 2 5 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 6 2 7 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 6 2 6 2 2 2 2 2 3 14 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 5 1 6 2 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 2 1 2 16 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 4 1 4 1 7 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 8 4 1 5 6 5 1 3 1 2 10 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 5 1 8 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 2 5 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 2 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 1 5 1 7 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 7 5 1 4 6 6 1 2 1 2 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 6 1 7 6 6 6 7 6 6 1 0 5 1 6 2 2 1 2 1 2 14 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 5 1 6 1 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 5 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 2 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 5 1 10 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 2 5 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 2 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 5 1 7 1 7 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 0 5 1 6 2 2 1 2 1 2 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 5 1 7 1 7 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 0 5 1 6 2 2 1 2 1 2 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 5 1 8 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 2 5 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 2 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 5 1 8 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 2 6 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 2 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 5 1 7 1 7 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 0 5 1 6 2 2 1 2 1 2 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 7 2 5 2 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 2 4 1 6 1 1 1 3 2 2 12 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 5 1 8 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 2 5 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 2 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 5 1 6 2 8 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 2 5 1 5 2 2 1 2 1 2 12 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 6 0 7 0 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1 6 0 7 1 0 0 1 0 1 17 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 0 4 0 5 1 6 5 5 5 6 5 5 0 1 4 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 25 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 5 3 5 4 7 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 2 5 1 5 2 2 2 2 3 4 14 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 4 1 5 1 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 7 4 1 4 6 6 1 2 1 2 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 5 1 7 1 7 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 0 5 1 6 2 2 1 2 1 2 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 4 1 5 1 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 7 4 1 4 6 6 1 2 1 2 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 6 1 7 1 6 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 0 6 2 7 2 2 2 2 2 2 17 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 6 1 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 2 5 1 5 1 1 1 2 1 2 13 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sundanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 5 1 8 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 2 5 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 2 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 5 1 9 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 2 5 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 2 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 1 5 1 7 4 4 4 5 4 4 1 7 5 1 4 7 6 1 2 1 2 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 5 1 8 5 5 5 6 5 5 1 2 5 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 2 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 4 1 5 1 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 7 4 1 4 6 6 1 2 1 2 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 8 1 5 3 3 3 4 3 3 1 0 5 15 1 6 2 2 1 2 1 2 13 1 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Crabs",
"orig": "en:Crabs",
"parents": [
"Crustaceans",
"Decapods",
"Arthropods",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sometimes followed by up: to become covered or splashed with mud; to become dirty or soiled."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-38pVFKiZ",
"links": [
[
"up",
"up#Preposition"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"soiled",
"soiled#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(also figuratively) Sometimes followed by up: to become covered or splashed with mud; to become dirty or soiled."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 2 2 1 1 1 2 10 50 8 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become covered or splashed with mud; to become dirty or soiled",
"word": "kuraantua"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1846, Walter Savage Landor, “Citation and Examination of William Shakespeare, Euseby Treen, Joseph Carnaby, and Silas Gough, Clerk, before the Worshipful Sir Thomas Lucy, Knight, Touching Deer-stealing on the 19th Day of September, in the Year of Grace 1582”, in The Works of Walter Savage Landor. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 276, column 1:",
"text": "Malt before hops, the world over, or the beer muddies.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-khreOU~E",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"Of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 14 1 0 0 2 0 4 6 64 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid",
"word": "samentua"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 14 1 0 0 2 0 4 6 64 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid",
"word": "sameta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To become contaminated or impure."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-NB9dNFl4",
"links": [
[
"contaminated",
"contaminated#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(figuratively) To become contaminated or impure."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 0 0 0 10 7 11 6 63",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become contaminated or impure",
"word": "saastua"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-muddy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg/En-us-muddy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdi"
}
],
"word": "muddy"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mangrove crab"
},
"expansion": "mangrove crab",
"name": "vern"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Scylla serrata",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Scylla serrata",
"name": "taxfmt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mud crab",
"3": "y",
"alt1": "mud (crab)",
"id2": "diminutive",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "mud (crab) + -y (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From mud (crab) + -y (diminutive suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "muddies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "muddy (plural muddies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mud‧dy"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New South Wales English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Queensland English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 6 0 7 0 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 2 6 10 0 7 1 1 0 1 0 1 10 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 5 1 6 1 6 5 4 4 5 4 4 1 1 5 9 1 6 2 2 2 3 2 3 8 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -y (diminutive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 1 7 0 8 1 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 7 13 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 2 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 6 0 7 0 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 0 0 6 11 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 1 8 1 5 3 3 3 4 3 3 1 0 5 15 1 6 2 2 1 2 1 2 13 1 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Crabs",
"orig": "en:Crabs",
"parents": [
"Crustaceans",
"Decapods",
"Arthropods",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The edible mud crab or mangrove crab (Scylla serrata)."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-noun-bVvcdJQt",
"links": [
[
"edible",
"edible#Adjective"
],
[
"mud crab",
"mud crab"
],
[
"Scylla serrata",
"Scylla serrata#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia, chiefly New South Wales, Queensland, informal) The edible mud crab or mangrove crab (Scylla serrata)."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-South-Wales",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-muddy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg/En-us-muddy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdi"
}
],
"word": "muddy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mew-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -y (adjectival)",
"English terms suffixed with -y (diminutive)",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdi",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdi/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dagbani translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sundanese translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Crabs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "muddily"
},
{
"word": "muddiness"
},
{
"word": "muddyish"
},
{
"word": "Muddy Mississippi"
},
{
"word": "Muddy York"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "muddi"
},
"expansion": "Middle English muddi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mud-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mud-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mū-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mū-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mud",
"3": "y",
"id2": "adjectival",
"pos2": "suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "muddle"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of muddle",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "moddich"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German moddich",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "muddig",
"t": "muddy; mouldy"
},
"expansion": "German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English muddi, moddy, muddy (“covered with or full of mud, muddy”), from mud, mudde (“mud; turbid water”) + -i (suffix forming adjectives). Mud, mudde is possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch modde, and/or Middle Low German modde, mudde, from Proto-Germanic *mud-, *mudra- (“mud”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mew- (“moist”). The English word is analysable as mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives). Doublet of muddle.\nThe verb is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle Low German moddich, muddich (German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "muddier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "muddiest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "muddy (comparative muddier, superlative muddiest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mud‧dy"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He slogged across the muddy field.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Take off your muddy boots before you come inside.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1606, Charles Steuens [i.e., Charles Estienne], John Liebault [i.e., Jean Liébault], “The Seating and Situating of the Countrie Farme, with Other His Appurtinances”, in Richard Surflet, transl., Maison Rustique, or The Countrey Farme: […], London: […] Arnold Hatfield for Iohn Norton and Iohn Bill, →OCLC, book I, page 7:",
"text": "It [the cistern] muſt be firmely and cloſely paued vvith clay and mortar, and after dravvne ouer and floored vvith the ſame mortar, to the ende that the vvater be not made muddy or taſt of the earth: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1616, Charles Steuens [i.e., Charles Estienne], John Liebault [i.e., Jean Liébault]; Gervase Markham, “Of the Sorts of Fishes wherewith Pooles, Ponds, and Ditches, are to be Furnished”, in Richard Surflet, transl., Maison Rustique, or, The Countrey Farme. […], new edition, London: […] Adam Jslip for John Bill, →OCLC, book IV (That There are Two Sorts of Medowes), page 508:",
"text": "[T]he augure, […] is a ſharpe inſtrument of yron made thinne vvith many ſharpe teeth, and ſo ſtriken into holes or muddie banks, vvhere they vvill many times catch a verie great aboundance of Eeles: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 143, lines 686–687:",
"text": "All theſe Cocytus bounds vvith ſqualid Reeds, / VVith Muddy Ditches, and vvith deadly VVeeds: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1705, J[oseph] Addison, “From Rome to Naples”, in Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 188:",
"text": "A long Canal the muddy Fenn divides, / And vvith a clear unſully'd Current glides; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1952 September 19, John Steinbeck, chapter 15, in East of Eden, Chicago, Ill.: Sears Readers Club, published 2002, →ISBN, section 3, page 170:",
"text": "I came out of the army like dragging myself muddy out of a swamp. I wandered for a long time before going home to a remembered place I did not love.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021, Claire Maxted, “Quick Start”, in The Ultimate Trail Running Handbook: Get Fit, Confident and Skilled Up to Go from 5K to 50K, London: Bloomsbury Sport, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 25:",
"text": "When faced with a rockier or muddier section, look ahead for the easiest way across. This might involve hopping from one rock to another, or looking for flat sections or patches of vegetation that might be grippier.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Covered or splashed with, or full of, mud (“wet soil”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Covered",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"splashed",
"splash#Verb"
],
[
"full",
"full#Adjective"
],
[
"mud",
"mud#English"
],
[
"wet",
"wet#Adjective"
],
[
"soil",
"soil#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Scotland"
],
"word": "clatchy"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The previously limpid water was now muddy as a result of the struggle between the alligator and the wild boar.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1610, Gervase Markham, “Of the Sixe Things Not Naturall, How They Profit, and How They Hurt”, in Markhams Maister-peece. Contayning All Knowledge Belonging to the Smith, Farrier, or Horse-leech, Touching the Curing of All Diseases in Horses: […], 5th edition, London: […] Nicholas and Iohn Okes, […], published 1636, →OCLC, 1st book (Containing All Cures Physicall, […]), page 21:",
"text": "[A]s for his vvater [i.e., the horse's urine], the more pure, it is the better; and the more muddy, thicke, and pleaſant,^([sic – meaning unpleasant?]) ſo much the more unhealthfull.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1662 (date written), Thomas Fuller, “Northampton-shire”, in The History of the Worthies of England, London: […] J[ohn] G[rismond,] W[illiam] L[eybourne] and W[illiam] G[odbid], published 1662, →OCLC, page 291:",
"text": "[T]he moſt generous VVines are the moſt muddy, before they are fine.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1705, J[oseph] Addison, “Pavia, Milan, &c.”, in Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 26:",
"text": "[I]n Italy one ſeldom ſees a River that is extreamly bright and limpid, moſt of 'em falling dovvn from the Mountains, that make their VVaters very troubled and muddy, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension; cloudy, turbid."
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid#Noun"
],
[
"contain",
"contain"
],
[
"sediment",
"sediment#Noun"
],
[
"suspension",
"suspension"
],
[
"cloudy",
"cloudy"
],
[
"turbid",
"turbid"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vii], page 276, column 2:",
"text": "[H]er garments, heauy vvith her drinke, / Pul'd the poore vvretch from her melodious buy^([sic – meaning lay]), / To muddy death.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to mud; also, having the characteristics of mud, especially in colour or taste."
],
"links": [
[
"having",
"have#Verb"
],
[
"characteristics",
"characteristic#Noun"
],
[
"colour",
"colour#Noun"
],
[
"taste",
"taste#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English euphemisms"
],
"glosses": [
"Soiled with feces."
],
"links": [
[
"Soiled",
"soil#Verb"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) Soiled with feces."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1818 (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Mazenghi”, in Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, editor, Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley, London: […] [C. H. Reynell] for John and Henry L[eigh] Hunt, […], published 1824, →OCLC, stanza 9, page 259:",
"text": "There is a point of strand / Near Vada's tower and town; and on one side / The treacherous marsh divides it from the land, / Shadowed by pine and ilex forests wide, / And on the other creeps eternally, / Through muddy weeds, the shallow, sullen sea.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud."
],
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"growing",
"grow#Verb"
],
[
"living",
"live#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:",
"text": "There's not the ſmalleſt orbe [in the sky] vvhich thou beholdſt, / But in his motion like an Angell ſings, / Still quiring to the young eide Cherubins; / Such harmony is in immortall ſoules, / But vvhilſt this muddy veſture of decay [i.e., the human body] / Doth groſſely cloſe in it, vve cannot heare it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1599, W. Kinsayder or Theriomastix [pseudonyms; John Marston], “Fronti nulla fides”, in The Scourge of Villanie. […], London: […] I[ames] R[oberts], →OCLC; republished as G[eorge] B[agshawe] Harrison, editor, The Scourge of Villanie (The Bodley Head Quartos; 13), London: John Lane, The Bodley Head […]; New York, N.Y.: E[dward] P[ayson] Dutton & Company, 1925, →OCLC, page 16:",
"text": "Thou sweet Arabian Panchaia, / Perfume this nastie age, smugge Lesbia / Hath stinking lunges, although a simpring grace, / A muddy inside, though a sulphul'd face.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dirty, filthy."
],
"links": [
[
"Dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"filthy",
"filthy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Dirty, filthy."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of a colour: not bright: dirty, dull."
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"bright",
"bright#Adjective"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty#Adjective"
],
[
"dull",
"dull#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of a colour: not bright: dirty, dull."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "faint"
},
{
"word": "wan"
},
{
"word": "dim"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of an image: blurry or dim."
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"image",
"image#Noun"
],
[
"blurry",
"blurry"
],
[
"dim",
"dim#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of an image: blurry or dim."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of light: cloudy, opaque."
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"light",
"light#Noun"
],
[
"opaque",
"opaque#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of light: cloudy, opaque."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The television picture is decent, but the sound is muddy.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of sound (especially during performance, recording, or playback): indistinct, muffled."
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"performance",
"performance"
],
[
"recording",
"recording#Noun"
],
[
"playback",
"playback"
],
[
"indistinct",
"indistinct"
],
[
"muffled",
"muffled#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of sound (especially during performance, recording, or playback): indistinct, muffled."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 280, column 1:",
"text": "Do'ſt thinke I am ſo muddy, ſo vnſettled, / To appoint my ſelfe in this vexation?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, [Miles Smith], “The Translators to the Reader”, in The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Againe they vvere not out of the Hebrevv fountaine (vvee ſpeake of the Latine Tranſlations of the Old Teſtament) but out of the Greeke ſtreame, therefore the Greeke being not altogether cleare, the Latine deriued from it muſt needs be muddie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1688, John Bunyan, “ The Water of Life; or, A Discourse Showing the Richness and Glory of the Grace and Spirit of the Gospel, as Set Forth in Scripture by this Term, ‘the Water of Life’”, in Henry Stebbing, editor, The Entire Works of John Bunyan, […], volume III, London: James S[prent] Virtue, […], published 1862, →OCLC, page 216, column 2:",
"text": "If their doctrines are muddy, their notions are muddy: if their doctrines are bloody, their notions and tempers are bloody: but if their doctrines are clear, so are their notions, for their doctrine has given them a clear understanding of things.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 115:",
"text": "On the ſcheme of this barbarous philoſophy, vvhich is the offſpring of cold hearts and muddy underſtandings, […] lavvs are to be ſupported only by their ovvn terrors, and by the concern, vvhich each individual may find in them, from his ovvn private ſpeculations, or can ſpare to them from his ovvn private intereſts.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1791 (date written), Mary Wollstonecraft, “The Prevailing Opinion of a Sexual Character Discussed”, in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects, 1st American edition, Boston, Mass.: […] Peter Edes for Thomas and Andrews, […], published 1792, →OCLC, page 46:",
"text": "[S]oldiers acquire a little ſuperficial knowledge, ſnatched from the muddy current of converſation, and, from continually mixing with ſociety, they gain, what is termed a knowledge of the world; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1840, M. A. Titmarsh [pseudonym; William Makepeace Thackeray], “Madame [George] Sand and the New Apocalypse”, in The Paris Sketch Book, volume II, London: John Macrone, […], →OCLC, page 105:",
"text": "Wretched as Voltaire's sneers and puns are, I think there is something more manly and earnest even in them, than in the present muddy French transcendentalism.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of speech, thinking, or writing: ambiguous or vague; or confused, incoherent, or mixed-up; also, poorly expressed."
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"speech",
"speech#Noun"
],
[
"thinking",
"thinking#Noun"
],
[
"writing",
"writing#Noun"
],
[
"ambiguous",
"ambiguous"
],
[
"vague",
"vague#Adjective"
],
[
"confused",
"confused#Adjective"
],
[
"incoherent",
"incoherent"
],
[
"mixed-up",
"mixed-up"
],
[
"poorly",
"poorly"
],
[
"expressed",
"express#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of speech, thinking, or writing: ambiguous or vague; or confused, incoherent, or mixed-up; also, poorly expressed."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "muddled"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English literary terms",
"English poetic terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1791, Oliver Goldsmith, “Of Winds, Irregular and Regular”, in An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature. […], new edition, volume I, London: […] F[rancis] Wingrave, successor to Mr. [John] Nourse, […], →OCLC, page 333:",
"text": "Our ovvn muddy atmoſphere, that vvraps us round in obſcurity, though it fails to gild our proſpects vvith ſun-ſhine, or our groves vvith fruitage, nevertheleſs anſvvers the calls of industry.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of the air: not fresh; impure, polluted."
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"air",
"air#Noun"
],
[
"fresh",
"fresh#Adjective"
],
[
"impure",
"impure"
],
[
"polluted",
"polluted#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"(chiefly literary, poetic) Of the air: not fresh; impure, polluted."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, A Midsommer Nights Dreame. […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Richard Bradock] for Thomas Fisher, […], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:",
"text": "To vvhat, my loue, ſhall I compare thine eyne? / Chriſtall is muddy.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1841, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Essay IV. Spiritual Laws.”, in Essays, Boston, Mass.: James Munroe and Company, →OCLC, page 128:",
"text": "Faces never lie, it is said. […] When a man speaks the truth in the spirit of truth, his eye is as clear as the heavens. When he has base ends, and speaks falsely, the eye is muddy and sometimes asquint.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008 December, “Assessment, Grading, and Cheating”, in Classroom Management (Idea Book Series; Information Collection and Exchange Publication; no. M0088), Washington, D.C.: Office of Overseas Programming and Training Support, Information Collection and Exchange, Peace Corps, published March 2009, →OCLC, page 99:",
"text": "At the end of a class or a lecture, ask students to write for one or two minutes about the \"muddiest point\" of the lesson (the part of the lesson that is still not understood clearly).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019, David Egan, “Wittgenstein’s Pursuit of Authenticity in Philosophy”, in The Pursuit of an Authentic Philosophy: Wittgenstein, Heidegger, and the Everyday, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, part III (The Pursuit of an Authentic Philosophy), page 222:",
"text": "[P]hilosophers often press thought experiments into service as a way of addressing a given philosophical problem by analogy: […] Thomson thinks the question of whether we are permitted to unplug ourselves from an unconscious violinist to whom we have been unwittingly attached admits of a fairly clear answer, and wants to bring that clarity to the muddier issue of abortion.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear."
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1653, Henry More, “Conjectura Cabbalistica. Or, A Conjectural Essay of Interpreting the Mind of Moses, in the Three First Chapters of Genesis, According to a Threefold Cabbala: Viz. Literal, Philosophical, Mystical, or, Divinely Moral. The Moral Cabbala. Chapter I.”, in A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings of Dr Henry More […], London: […] James Flesher for William Morden, […], published 1662, →OCLC, , paragraph 6, page 102:",
"text": "[B]y the vvill of God the Heavenly Principle (though it be in it ſelf inviſible and undiſcernible) in due time becomes a Spirit of ſavoury and affectionate diſcernment betvvixt the evil and the good; betvvixt the pure vvaters that flovv from the holy Spirit, and the muddy and tumultuous ſuggeſtions of the Fleſh.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1878 June–October, Robert Louis Stevenson, “[The Rajah’s Diamond.] Story of the House with the Green Blinds.”, in New Arabian Nights […], volume I, London: Chatto & Windus, […], published 1882, →OCLC, page 215:",
"text": "Business is business; and your business, let me remind you, is too muddy for such airs.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1928, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter XVIII, in Lady Chatterley’s Lover, [Germany?]: Privately printed, →OCLC, page 284:",
"text": "I have been to the depths of the muddy lives of the Bertha Couttses of this world, and when, released from the current of gossip, I slowly rise to the surface again, I look at the daylight in wonder that it ever should be.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Originally, morally or religiously wrong; corrupt, sinful; now, morally or legally dubious; shady, sketchy."
],
"links": [
[
"morally",
"morally"
],
[
"religiously",
"religiously"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong#Adjective"
],
[
"corrupt",
"corrupt#Adjective"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"legally",
"legally"
],
[
"dubious",
"dubious"
],
[
"shady",
"shady"
],
[
"sketchy",
"sketchy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Originally, morally or religiously wrong; corrupt, sinful; now, morally or legally dubious; shady, sketchy."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a person or their facial expression: angry, sad, or sulky."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"facial",
"facial#Adjective"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"angry",
"angry"
],
[
"sad",
"sad#Adjective"
],
[
"sulky",
"sulky"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"(archaic) Of a person or their facial expression: angry, sad, or sulky."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1791, James Boswell, quoting Samuel Johnson, “[1776]”, in The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. […], volume II, London: […] Henry Baldwin, for Charles Dilly, […], →OCLC, page 33:",
"text": "[N]ot that he gets drunk, for he is a very pious man, but he is always muddy.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Slightly drunk; tipsy."
],
"links": [
[
"Slightly",
"slightly"
],
[
"drunk",
"drunk#Adjective"
],
[
"tipsy",
"tipsy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"(obsolete) Slightly drunk; tipsy."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fuddled"
},
{
"word": "muddled"
},
{
"word": "drunk"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-muddy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg/En-us-muddy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdi"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kalen",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "кален"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mrǎsen",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "мръсен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangós"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "tlawoduhi",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "ᏝᏬᏚᎯ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "渾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hún",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "浑"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "blátivý"
},
{
"code": "dag",
"lang": "Dagbani",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "biɛtibiɛti"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mudret"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "kota"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "runutur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "kurainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "kurassa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mutainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mudassa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "rapainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "ravassa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boueux"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vaseux"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "schlammig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "matschig"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "saras"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "sáros"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "forugur"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "berlumpur"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mutaisikko"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "retuisa"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangose"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "abarach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "draoibeach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lábach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangoso"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "maburak"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "līmōsus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "luteolus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "luteus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lutulentus"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "blottich"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "błocisty"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "błotnisty"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "barroso"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lodoso"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lamacento"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grjáznyj",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "гря́зный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бла̀тан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blàtan"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "barroso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "enfangado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangoso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lodoso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "turbio"
},
{
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "bolokot"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lerig"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "maputik"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "lə́-kloon",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "เลอะโคลน"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "brudnýj",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "брудни́й"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "bùn lầy"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lầy lội"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "sình lầy"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mǎten",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "мътен"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "nauk",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "နောက်"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "kurainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "mutainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "samea"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tholerós",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "θολερός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "saras"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "iszapos"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turbide"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "ceachrach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "dorcha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "moirtiúil"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "modartha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "murtallach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "tiubh"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nigori",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "濁り"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khvɑl",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "ខ្វល់"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turbidus"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "kōparu"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "grumsete"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "grumsete"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turvo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mútnyj",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "му́тный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "pantanoso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turbio"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kalamútnyj",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "каламу́тний"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having the characteristics of mud, especially in colour or taste",
"word": "kuramainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having the characteristics of mud, especially in colour or taste",
"word": "mutamainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(euphemistic) soiled with feces",
"word": "kurainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(euphemistic) soiled with feces",
"word": "rapainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud",
"word": "kurassa elävä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud",
"word": "mudassa elävä"
}
],
"word": "muddy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mew-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -y (adjectival)",
"English terms suffixed with -y (diminutive)",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdi",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdi/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dagbani translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sundanese translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Crabs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "muddier"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "muddying"
},
{
"word": "muddy up"
},
{
"word": "muddy the waters"
},
{
"word": "muddy the water"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "muddi"
},
"expansion": "Middle English muddi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mud-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mud-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mū-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mū-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mud",
"3": "y",
"id2": "adjectival",
"pos2": "suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "muddle"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of muddle",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "moddich"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German moddich",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "muddig",
"t": "muddy; mouldy"
},
"expansion": "German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English muddi, moddy, muddy (“covered with or full of mud, muddy”), from mud, mudde (“mud; turbid water”) + -i (suffix forming adjectives). Mud, mudde is possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch modde, and/or Middle Low German modde, mudde, from Proto-Germanic *mud-, *mudra- (“mud”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mew- (“moist”). The English word is analysable as mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives). Doublet of muddle.\nThe verb is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle Low German moddich, muddich (German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "muddies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "muddying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "muddied",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "muddied",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "muddy (third-person singular simple present muddies, present participle muddying, simple past and past participle muddied)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mud‧dy"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If you muddy your shoes don’t wear them inside.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1908, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, “Twelfth Chapter”, in A Room with a View, London: Edward Arnold, →OCLC, part II, page 200:",
"text": "[T]hey splashed George. He was quiet: they feared they had offended him. Then all the forces of youth burst out. He smiled, flung himself at them, splashed them, ducked them, kicked them, muddied them, and drove them out of the pool.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover or splash (someone or something) with mud."
],
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"splash",
"splash#Verb"
],
[
"mud",
"mud#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To cover or splash (someone or something) with mud."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1791 (date written), Mary Wollstonecraft, “Duty to Parents”, in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects, 1st American edition, Boston, Mass.: […] Peter Edes for Thomas and Andrews, […], published 1792, →OCLC, page 269:",
"text": "This is at the bottom a dictate of common ſenſe, or the inſtinct of ſelf-defence, peculiar to ignorant weakneſs; reſembling that inſtinct, which makes a fiſh muddy the water it ſwims in to allude its enemy, inſtead of boldly facing it in the clear ſtream.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1855 January 5, Anthony Trollope, “Dr. Grantly Visits the Hospital”, in The Warden, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 82:",
"text": "His life had hitherto been so quiet, so free from strife; […] It was so hard that the pleasant waters of his little stream should be disturbed and muddied by rough hands; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (water or some other liquid) cloudy or turbid by stirring up mud or other sediment."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid#Noun"
],
[
"cloudy",
"cloudy"
],
[
"turbid",
"turbid"
],
[
"stirring up",
"stir up"
],
[
"sediment",
"sediment#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To make (water or some other liquid) cloudy or turbid by stirring up mud or other sediment."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The discussion only muddied their understanding of the subject.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], page 273, column 2:",
"text": "VVhen ſorrovves comes,^([sic – meaning come]) they come not ſingle ſpies, / But in Battalia[n]es. Firſt, her Father ſlaine, / Next your Sonne gone, and he moſt violent Author / Of his ovvne iuſt remoue: the people muddied, / Thicke and vnvvholſome in their thoughts, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1791 (date written), Mary Wollstonecraft, “Of the Pernicious Effects which Arise from the Unnatural Distinctions Established in Society”, in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects, 1st American edition, Boston, Mass.: […] Peter Edes for Thomas and Andrews, […], published 1792, →OCLC, page 255:",
"text": "I only recreated an imagination, fatigued by contemplating the vices and follies which all proceed from a feculent ſtream of wealth that has muddied the pure rills of natural affection, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1817 December 31 (indicated as 1818), [Walter Scott], chapter XII, in Rob Roy. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 278:",
"text": "Habitual topers, I believe, acquire the power of soaking themselves with a quantity of liquor which does little more than muddy those intellects, that, in their sober state, are none of the clearest; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To confuse (a person or their thinking); to muddle."
],
"links": [
[
"confuse",
"confuse"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"thinking",
"thinking#Noun"
],
[
"muddle",
"muddle#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To confuse (a person or their thinking); to muddle."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To damage (a person or their reputation); to sully, to tarnish."
],
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage#Verb"
],
[
"reputation",
"reputation"
],
[
"sully",
"sully#Verb"
],
[
"tarnish",
"tarnish#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To damage (a person or their reputation); to sully, to tarnish."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The addition of the second batch of paint muddied the bright colours to a dull and washed look.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted."
],
"links": [
[
"colour",
"colour#Noun"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty#Adjective"
],
[
"dull",
"dull#Adjective"
],
[
"muted",
"muted#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014 July 1, Steve Rose, “Dawn of the Planet of the Apes: a primate scream – first look review”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-11-27:",
"text": "As the humans establish tentative bonds with their evolutionary cousins, the inter-species waters start to muddy.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 April 28, Alex McLevy, “Game Of Thrones Suffers the Fog of War in the Battle against the Dead (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2021-05-31:",
"text": "It may have been effective at conveying the confusion of the situation, but it didn't make for terribly thrilling scenes. The blurry camerawork (quite literally at times) and rapid-fire editing meant that exchanges of blows that should have been viscerally thrilling were often muddied, good for capturing the mood but not much fun to watch.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (a matter, etc.) more complicated or unclear; to make a mess of (something)."
],
"links": [
[
"matter",
"matter#Noun"
],
[
"complicated",
"complicated#Adjective"
],
[
"unclear",
"unclear"
],
[
"mess",
"mess#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To make (a matter, etc.) more complicated or unclear; to make a mess of (something)."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) impure; to contaminate."
],
"links": [
[
"impure",
"impure"
],
[
"contaminate",
"contaminate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To make (something) impure; to contaminate."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii], page 252, column 2:",
"text": "[…] I am novv ſir muddied in fortunes mood, and ſmell ſomevvhat ſtrong of her ſtrong diſpleaſure.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause or permit (someone or something) to become stuck in mud; to mire."
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"permit",
"permit#Verb"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"stuck",
"stuck#Adjective"
],
[
"mire",
"mire#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"(obsolete) To cause or permit (someone or something) to become stuck in mud; to mire."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"Sometimes followed by up: to become covered or splashed with mud; to become dirty or soiled."
],
"links": [
[
"up",
"up#Preposition"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"soiled",
"soiled#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(also figuratively) Sometimes followed by up: to become covered or splashed with mud; to become dirty or soiled."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1846, Walter Savage Landor, “Citation and Examination of William Shakespeare, Euseby Treen, Joseph Carnaby, and Silas Gough, Clerk, before the Worshipful Sir Thomas Lucy, Knight, Touching Deer-stealing on the 19th Day of September, in the Year of Grace 1582”, in The Works of Walter Savage Landor. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 276, column 1:",
"text": "Malt before hops, the world over, or the beer muddies.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"Of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To become contaminated or impure."
],
"links": [
[
"contaminated",
"contaminated#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(figuratively) To become contaminated or impure."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-muddy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg/En-us-muddy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdi"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "liata kuralla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "liata mudalla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "liata ravalla"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "lutō"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "błocić"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ubłocić"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (water or some other liquid) cloudy or turbid by stirring up mud or other sediment",
"word": "samentaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted",
"word": "himmentää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted",
"word": "samentaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (a matter, etc.) more complicated or unclear; to make a mess of (something)",
"word": "sekoittaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become covered or splashed with mud; to become dirty or soiled",
"word": "kuraantua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid",
"word": "samentua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid",
"word": "sameta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become contaminated or impure",
"word": "saastua"
}
],
"word": "muddy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -y (diminutive)",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdi",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdi/2 syllables",
"en:Crabs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mangrove crab"
},
"expansion": "mangrove crab",
"name": "vern"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Scylla serrata",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Scylla serrata",
"name": "taxfmt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mud crab",
"3": "y",
"alt1": "mud (crab)",
"id2": "diminutive",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "mud (crab) + -y (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From mud (crab) + -y (diminutive suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "muddies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "muddy (plural muddies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mud‧dy"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"English informal terms",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"New South Wales English",
"Queensland English"
],
"glosses": [
"The edible mud crab or mangrove crab (Scylla serrata)."
],
"links": [
[
"edible",
"edible#Adjective"
],
[
"mud crab",
"mud crab"
],
[
"Scylla serrata",
"Scylla serrata#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia, chiefly New South Wales, Queensland, informal) The edible mud crab or mangrove crab (Scylla serrata)."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-South-Wales",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-muddy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg/En-us-muddy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdi"
}
],
"word": "muddy"
}
Download raw JSONL data for muddy meaning in English (56.4kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''Not clear.'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"muddy"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "muddy",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Australia, chiefly New South Wales, Queensland, informal",
"path": [
"muddy"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "muddy",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Australia, chiefly New South Wales, Queensland, informal",
"path": [
"muddy"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "muddy",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.