See muddy on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for muddy meaning in All languages combined (45.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "muddily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "muddiness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "muddyish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Muddy Mississippi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Muddy York"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "muddi"
},
"expansion": "Middle English muddi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "moddy"
},
"expansion": "moddy",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "muddy",
"t": "covered with or full of mud, muddy"
},
"expansion": "muddy (“covered with or full of mud, muddy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mud"
},
"expansion": "mud",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mudde",
"t": "mud; turbid water"
},
"expansion": "mudde (“mud; turbid water”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-i",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-i (suffix forming adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "Mud"
},
"expansion": "Mud",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "mudde"
},
"expansion": "mudde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "mudde"
},
"expansion": "mudde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mud-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mud-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*mudra-",
"t": "mud"
},
"expansion": "*mudra- (“mud”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mū-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mū-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*mew-",
"t": "moist"
},
"expansion": "*mew- (“moist”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mud",
"3": "y",
"id2": "adjectival",
"pos2": "suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "muddle"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of muddle",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "moddich"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German moddich",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "muddich"
},
"expansion": "muddich",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "muddig",
"t": "muddy; mouldy"
},
"expansion": "German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English muddi, moddy, muddy (“covered with or full of mud, muddy”), from mud, mudde (“mud; turbid water”) + -i (suffix forming adjectives). Mud, mudde is possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch modde, and/or Middle Low German modde, mudde, from Proto-Germanic *mud-, *mudra- (“mud”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mew- (“moist”). The English word is analysable as mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives). Doublet of muddle.\nThe verb is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle Low German moddich, muddich (German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "muddier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "muddiest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "muddy (comparative muddier, superlative muddiest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mud‧dy"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He slogged across the muddy field.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Take off your muddy boots before you come inside.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1952 September 19, John Steinbeck, chapter 15, in East of Eden, Chicago, Ill.: Sears Readers Club, published 2002, section 3, page 170",
"text": "I came out of the army like dragging myself muddy out of a swamp. I wandered for a long time before going home to a remembered place I did not love.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021, Claire Maxted, “Quick Start”, in The Ultimate Trail Running Handbook: Get Fit, Confident and Skilled Up to Go from 5K to 50K, London: Bloomsbury Sport, Bloomsbury Publishing, page 25",
"text": "When faced with a rockier or muddier section, look ahead for the easiest way across. This might involve hopping from one rock to another, or looking for flat sections or patches of vegetation that might be grippier.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Covered or splashed with, or full of, mud (“wet soil”)."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-I8VbHqhn",
"links": [
[
"Covered",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"splashed",
"splash#Verb"
],
[
"full",
"full#Adjective"
],
[
"mud",
"mud#English"
],
[
"wet",
"wet#Adjective"
],
[
"soil",
"soil#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Scotland"
],
"word": "clatchy"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kalen",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "кален"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mrǎsen",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "мръсен"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangós"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "tlawoduhi",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "ᏝᏬᏚᎯ"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "渾"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hún",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "浑"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "blátivý"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "dag",
"lang": "Dagbani",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "biɛtibiɛti"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mudret"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "kota"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "runutur"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "kurainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "kurassa"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mutainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mudassa"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "rapainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "ravassa"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boueux"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vaseux"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "schlammig"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "matschig"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "saras"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "sáros"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "forugur"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "berlumpur"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mutaisikko"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangose"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "abarach"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "draoibeach"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lábach"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "maburak"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "līmōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "luteolus"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "luteus"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lutulentus"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "blottich"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "błocisty"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "błotnisty"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "barroso"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lodoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lamacento"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grjáznyj",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "гря́зный"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бла̀тан"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blàtan"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "barroso"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "enfangado"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lodoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "turbio"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "bolokot"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lerig"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "maputik"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "lə́-kloon",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "เลอะโคลน"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "brudnýj",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "брудни́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "bùn lầy"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lầy lội"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 2 7 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 7 6",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "sình lầy"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The previously limpid water was now muddy as a result of the struggle between the alligator and the wild boar.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension; cloudy, turbid."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-oRU-ZHE-",
"links": [
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid#Noun"
],
[
"contain",
"contain"
],
[
"sediment",
"sediment#Noun"
],
[
"suspension",
"suspension"
],
[
"cloudy",
"cloudy"
],
[
"turbid",
"turbid"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mǎten",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "мътен"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "nauk",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "နောက်"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "kurainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "mutainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "samea"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tholerós",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "θολερός"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "saras"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "iszapos"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turbide"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "ceachrach"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "dorcha"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "moirtiúil"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "modartha"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "murtallach"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "tiubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nigori",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "濁り"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khvɑl",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "ខ្វល់"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turbidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "kōparu"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "grumsete"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "grumsete"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mútnyj",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "му́тный"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "pantanoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turbio"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 7 0 4 1 6 4 8 4 5 4 4 1 5 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kalamútnyj",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "каламу́тний"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to mud; also, having the characteristics of mud, especially in colour or taste."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-EnMn9g9i",
"links": [
[
"having",
"have#Verb"
],
[
"characteristics",
"characteristic#Noun"
],
[
"colour",
"colour#Noun"
],
[
"taste",
"taste#Noun"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 3 47 1 7 2 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 1 5 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having the characteristics of mud, especially in colour or taste",
"word": "kuramainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 3 47 1 7 2 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 1 5 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having the characteristics of mud, especially in colour or taste",
"word": "mutamainen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soiled with feces."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-0HsyFtdg",
"links": [
[
"Soiled",
"soil#Verb"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) Soiled with feces."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 1 4 49 4 8 4 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(euphemistic) soiled with feces",
"word": "kurainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 4 49 4 8 4 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(euphemistic) soiled with feces",
"word": "rapainen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj--ky1ujq4",
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"growing",
"grow#Verb"
],
[
"living",
"live#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 2 4 1 67 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 4 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud",
"word": "kurassa elävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 4 1 67 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 4 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud",
"word": "mudassa elävä"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Dirty, filthy."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-Xjeet65t",
"links": [
[
"Dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"filthy",
"filthy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Dirty, filthy."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of a colour: not bright: dirty, dull."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-enaSHPLD",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"bright",
"bright#Adjective"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty#Adjective"
],
[
"dull",
"dull#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of a colour: not bright: dirty, dull."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "faint"
},
{
"word": "wan"
},
{
"word": "dim"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of an image: blurry or dim."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-b4V8XKW3",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"image",
"image#Noun"
],
[
"blurry",
"blurry"
],
[
"dim",
"dim#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of an image: blurry or dim."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of light: cloudy, opaque."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-u2dnn59o",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"light",
"light#Noun"
],
[
"opaque",
"opaque#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of light: cloudy, opaque."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The television picture is decent, but the sound is muddy.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of sound (especially during performance, recording, or playback): indistinct, muffled."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-84MSjCDp",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"performance",
"performance"
],
[
"recording",
"recording#Noun"
],
[
"playback",
"playback"
],
[
"indistinct",
"indistinct"
],
[
"muffled",
"muffled#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of sound (especially during performance, recording, or playback): indistinct, muffled."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of speech, thinking, or writing: ambiguous or vague; or confused, incoherent, or mixed-up; also, poorly expressed."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-nrc-0tBw",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"speech",
"speech#Noun"
],
[
"thinking",
"thinking#Noun"
],
[
"writing",
"writing#Noun"
],
[
"ambiguous",
"ambiguous"
],
[
"vague",
"vague#Adjective"
],
[
"confused",
"confused#Adjective"
],
[
"incoherent",
"incoherent"
],
[
"mixed-up",
"mixed-up"
],
[
"poorly",
"poorly"
],
[
"expressed",
"express#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of speech, thinking, or writing: ambiguous or vague; or confused, incoherent, or mixed-up; also, poorly expressed."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "muddled"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of the air: not fresh; impure, polluted."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-OrQppKSB",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"air",
"air#Noun"
],
[
"fresh",
"fresh#Adjective"
],
[
"impure",
"impure"
],
[
"polluted",
"polluted#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"(chiefly literary, poetic) Of the air: not fresh; impure, polluted."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008 December, “Assessment, Grading, and Cheating”, in Classroom Management (Idea Book Series; Information Collection and Exchange Publication; no. M0088), Washington, D.C.: Office of Overseas Programming and Training Support, Information Collection and Exchange, Peace Corps, published March 2009, →OCLC, page 99",
"text": "At the end of a class or a lecture, ask students to write for one or two minutes about the \"muddiest point\" of the lesson (the part of the lesson that is still not understood clearly).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019, David Egan, “Wittgenstein’s Pursuit of Authenticity in Philosophy”, in The Pursuit of an Authentic Philosophy: Wittgenstein, Heidegger, and the Everyday, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, part III (The Pursuit of an Authentic Philosophy), page 222",
"text": "[P]hilosophers often press thought experiments into service as a way of addressing a given philosophical problem by analogy: […] Thomson thinks the question of whether we are permitted to unplug ourselves from an unconscious violinist to whom we have been unwittingly attached admits of a fairly clear answer, and wants to bring that clarity to the muddier issue of abortion.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-fivU1B82",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Originally, morally or religiously wrong; corrupt, sinful; now, morally or legally dubious; shady, sketchy."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-9vpBPNyJ",
"links": [
[
"morally",
"morally"
],
[
"religiously",
"religiously"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong#Adjective"
],
[
"corrupt",
"corrupt#Adjective"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"legally",
"legally"
],
[
"dubious",
"dubious"
],
[
"shady",
"shady"
],
[
"sketchy",
"sketchy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Originally, morally or religiously wrong; corrupt, sinful; now, morally or legally dubious; shady, sketchy."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 1 6 0 6 0 6 4 4 4 5 4 4 0 9 5 9 0 6 1 3 0 1 0 1 9 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 4 1 5 2 6 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 9 4 2 5 3 4 2 4 2 3 8 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -y (adjectival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a person or their facial expression: angry, sad, or sulky."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-XtofjAPk",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"facial",
"facial#Adjective"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"angry",
"angry"
],
[
"sad",
"sad#Adjective"
],
[
"sulky",
"sulky"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"(archaic) Of a person or their facial expression: angry, sad, or sulky."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Slightly drunk; tipsy."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-adj-NaumHHfd",
"links": [
[
"Slightly",
"slightly"
],
[
"drunk",
"drunk#Adjective"
],
[
"tipsy",
"tipsy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"(obsolete) Slightly drunk; tipsy."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fuddled"
},
{
"word": "muddled"
},
{
"word": "drunk"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdi"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-muddy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg/En-us-muddy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "muddy"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "muddier"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "muddying"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "muddy up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "muddy the waters"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "muddy the water"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "muddi"
},
"expansion": "Middle English muddi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "moddy"
},
"expansion": "moddy",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "muddy",
"t": "covered with or full of mud, muddy"
},
"expansion": "muddy (“covered with or full of mud, muddy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mud"
},
"expansion": "mud",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mudde",
"t": "mud; turbid water"
},
"expansion": "mudde (“mud; turbid water”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-i",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-i (suffix forming adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "Mud"
},
"expansion": "Mud",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "mudde"
},
"expansion": "mudde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "mudde"
},
"expansion": "mudde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mud-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mud-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*mudra-",
"t": "mud"
},
"expansion": "*mudra- (“mud”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mū-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mū-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*mew-",
"t": "moist"
},
"expansion": "*mew- (“moist”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mud",
"3": "y",
"id2": "adjectival",
"pos2": "suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "muddle"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of muddle",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "moddich"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German moddich",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "muddich"
},
"expansion": "muddich",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "muddig",
"t": "muddy; mouldy"
},
"expansion": "German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English muddi, moddy, muddy (“covered with or full of mud, muddy”), from mud, mudde (“mud; turbid water”) + -i (suffix forming adjectives). Mud, mudde is possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch modde, and/or Middle Low German modde, mudde, from Proto-Germanic *mud-, *mudra- (“mud”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mew- (“moist”). The English word is analysable as mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives). Doublet of muddle.\nThe verb is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle Low German moddich, muddich (German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "muddies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "muddying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "muddied",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "muddied",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "muddy (third-person singular simple present muddies, present participle muddying, simple past and past participle muddied)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mud‧dy"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If you muddy your shoes don’t wear them inside.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover or splash (someone or something) with mud."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-~P1lC5zG",
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"splash",
"splash#Verb"
],
[
"mud",
"mud#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To cover or splash (someone or something) with mud."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "liata kuralla"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "liata mudalla"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "liata ravalla"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "lutō"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "błocić"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ubłocić"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make (water or some other liquid) cloudy or turbid by stirring up mud or other sediment."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-P-pNnLJ7",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid#Noun"
],
[
"cloudy",
"cloudy"
],
[
"turbid",
"turbid"
],
[
"stirring up",
"stir up"
],
[
"sediment",
"sediment#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To make (water or some other liquid) cloudy or turbid by stirring up mud or other sediment."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 63 1 1 5 6 5 2 4 12 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (water or some other liquid) cloudy or turbid by stirring up mud or other sediment",
"word": "samentaa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The discussion only muddied their understanding of the subject.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To confuse (a person or their thinking); to muddle."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-~9hayeib",
"links": [
[
"confuse",
"confuse"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"thinking",
"thinking#Noun"
],
[
"muddle",
"muddle#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To confuse (a person or their thinking); to muddle."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To damage (a person or their reputation); to sully, to tarnish."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-sKfemlNT",
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage#Verb"
],
[
"reputation",
"reputation"
],
[
"sully",
"sully#Verb"
],
[
"tarnish",
"tarnish#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To damage (a person or their reputation); to sully, to tarnish."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The addition of the second batch of paint muddied the bright colours to a dull and washed look.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-W-XXJT5N",
"links": [
[
"colour",
"colour#Noun"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty#Adjective"
],
[
"dull",
"dull#Adjective"
],
[
"muted",
"muted#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 8 0 1 70 7 9 1 2 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted",
"word": "himmentää"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 8 0 1 70 7 9 1 2 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted",
"word": "samentaa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014 July 1, Steve Rose, “Dawn of the Planet of the Apes: a primate scream – first look review”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-11-27",
"text": "As the humans establish tentative bonds with their evolutionary cousins, the inter-species waters start to muddy.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 April 28, Alex McLevy, “Game Of Thrones Suffers the Fog of War in the Battle against the Dead (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2021-05-31",
"text": "It may have been effective at conveying the confusion of the situation, but it didn't make for terribly thrilling scenes. The blurry camerawork (quite literally at times) and rapid-fire editing meant that exchanges of blows that should have been viscerally thrilling were often muddied, good for capturing the mood but not much fun to watch.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (a matter, etc.) more complicated or unclear; to make a mess of (something)."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-rVrr6PFw",
"links": [
[
"matter",
"matter#Noun"
],
[
"complicated",
"complicated#Adjective"
],
[
"unclear",
"unclear"
],
[
"mess",
"mess#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To make (a matter, etc.) more complicated or unclear; to make a mess of (something)."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 5 1 0 4 82 4 1 2 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (a matter, etc.) more complicated or unclear; to make a mess of (something)",
"word": "sekoittaa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) impure; to contaminate."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-KfkKAXW0",
"links": [
[
"impure",
"impure"
],
[
"contaminate",
"contaminate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To make (something) impure; to contaminate."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To cause or permit (someone or something) to become stuck in mud; to mire."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-7h9fWN~e",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"permit",
"permit#Verb"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"stuck",
"stuck#Adjective"
],
[
"mire",
"mire#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"(obsolete) To cause or permit (someone or something) to become stuck in mud; to mire."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 1 6 0 6 0 6 4 4 4 5 4 4 0 9 5 9 0 6 1 3 0 1 0 1 9 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 4 1 5 2 6 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 9 4 2 5 3 4 2 4 2 3 8 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -y (adjectival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sometimes followed by up: to become covered or splashed with mud; to become dirty or soiled."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-38pVFKiZ",
"links": [
[
"up",
"up#Preposition"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"soiled",
"soiled#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(also figuratively) Sometimes followed by up: to become covered or splashed with mud; to become dirty or soiled."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 2 2 1 1 1 2 10 50 8 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become covered or splashed with mud; to become dirty or soiled",
"word": "kuraantua"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-khreOU~E",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"Of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 14 1 0 0 2 0 4 6 64 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid",
"word": "samentua"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 14 1 0 0 2 0 4 6 64 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid",
"word": "sameta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To become contaminated or impure."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-verb-NB9dNFl4",
"links": [
[
"contaminated",
"contaminated#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(figuratively) To become contaminated or impure."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 0 0 1 10 7 11 6 63",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become contaminated or impure",
"word": "saastua"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdi"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-muddy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg/En-us-muddy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "muddy"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mangrove crab"
},
"expansion": "mangrove crab",
"name": "vern"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Scylla serrata",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Scylla serrata",
"name": "taxfmt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mud crab",
"3": "y",
"alt1": "mud (crab)",
"id2": "diminutive",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "mud (crab) + -y (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From mud (crab) + -y (diminutive suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "muddies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "muddy (plural muddies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mud‧dy"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New South Wales English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Queensland English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 6 0 6 0 6 4 4 4 5 4 4 0 9 5 9 0 6 1 3 0 1 0 1 9 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 0 5 1 6 3 3 3 4 3 3 1 10 4 15 1 5 1 3 1 3 1 1 8 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 1 5 2 6 5 3 3 5 3 3 1 8 4 9 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 3 7 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -y (diminutive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 4 1 7 1 5 3 3 3 4 3 3 1 9 4 13 2 5 2 3 2 2 2 3 8 2 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Crabs",
"orig": "en:Crabs",
"parents": [
"Crustaceans",
"Decapods",
"Arthropods",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The edible mud crab or mangrove crab (Scylla serrata)."
],
"id": "en-muddy-en-noun-bVvcdJQt",
"links": [
[
"edible",
"edible#Adjective"
],
[
"mud crab",
"mud crab"
],
[
"Scylla serrata",
"Scylla serrata#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia, chiefly New South Wales, Queensland, informal) The edible mud crab or mangrove crab (Scylla serrata)."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-South-Wales",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdi"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-muddy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg/En-us-muddy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "muddy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mew-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -y (adjectival)",
"English terms suffixed with -y (diminutive)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdi",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdi/2 syllables",
"en:Crabs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "muddily"
},
{
"word": "muddiness"
},
{
"word": "muddyish"
},
{
"word": "Muddy Mississippi"
},
{
"word": "Muddy York"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "muddi"
},
"expansion": "Middle English muddi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "moddy"
},
"expansion": "moddy",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "muddy",
"t": "covered with or full of mud, muddy"
},
"expansion": "muddy (“covered with or full of mud, muddy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mud"
},
"expansion": "mud",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mudde",
"t": "mud; turbid water"
},
"expansion": "mudde (“mud; turbid water”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-i",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-i (suffix forming adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "Mud"
},
"expansion": "Mud",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "mudde"
},
"expansion": "mudde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "mudde"
},
"expansion": "mudde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mud-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mud-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*mudra-",
"t": "mud"
},
"expansion": "*mudra- (“mud”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mū-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mū-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*mew-",
"t": "moist"
},
"expansion": "*mew- (“moist”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mud",
"3": "y",
"id2": "adjectival",
"pos2": "suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "muddle"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of muddle",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "moddich"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German moddich",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "muddich"
},
"expansion": "muddich",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "muddig",
"t": "muddy; mouldy"
},
"expansion": "German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English muddi, moddy, muddy (“covered with or full of mud, muddy”), from mud, mudde (“mud; turbid water”) + -i (suffix forming adjectives). Mud, mudde is possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch modde, and/or Middle Low German modde, mudde, from Proto-Germanic *mud-, *mudra- (“mud”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mew- (“moist”). The English word is analysable as mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives). Doublet of muddle.\nThe verb is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle Low German moddich, muddich (German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "muddier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "muddiest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "muddy (comparative muddier, superlative muddiest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mud‧dy"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He slogged across the muddy field.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Take off your muddy boots before you come inside.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1952 September 19, John Steinbeck, chapter 15, in East of Eden, Chicago, Ill.: Sears Readers Club, published 2002, section 3, page 170",
"text": "I came out of the army like dragging myself muddy out of a swamp. I wandered for a long time before going home to a remembered place I did not love.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021, Claire Maxted, “Quick Start”, in The Ultimate Trail Running Handbook: Get Fit, Confident and Skilled Up to Go from 5K to 50K, London: Bloomsbury Sport, Bloomsbury Publishing, page 25",
"text": "When faced with a rockier or muddier section, look ahead for the easiest way across. This might involve hopping from one rock to another, or looking for flat sections or patches of vegetation that might be grippier.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Covered or splashed with, or full of, mud (“wet soil”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Covered",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"splashed",
"splash#Verb"
],
[
"full",
"full#Adjective"
],
[
"mud",
"mud#English"
],
[
"wet",
"wet#Adjective"
],
[
"soil",
"soil#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Scotland"
],
"word": "clatchy"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The previously limpid water was now muddy as a result of the struggle between the alligator and the wild boar.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension; cloudy, turbid."
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid#Noun"
],
[
"contain",
"contain"
],
[
"sediment",
"sediment#Noun"
],
[
"suspension",
"suspension"
],
[
"cloudy",
"cloudy"
],
[
"turbid",
"turbid"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to mud; also, having the characteristics of mud, especially in colour or taste."
],
"links": [
[
"having",
"have#Verb"
],
[
"characteristics",
"characteristic#Noun"
],
[
"colour",
"colour#Noun"
],
[
"taste",
"taste#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English euphemisms"
],
"glosses": [
"Soiled with feces."
],
"links": [
[
"Soiled",
"soil#Verb"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) Soiled with feces."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud."
],
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"growing",
"grow#Verb"
],
[
"living",
"live#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Dirty, filthy."
],
"links": [
[
"Dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"filthy",
"filthy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Dirty, filthy."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of a colour: not bright: dirty, dull."
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"bright",
"bright#Adjective"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty#Adjective"
],
[
"dull",
"dull#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of a colour: not bright: dirty, dull."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "faint"
},
{
"word": "wan"
},
{
"word": "dim"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of an image: blurry or dim."
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"image",
"image#Noun"
],
[
"blurry",
"blurry"
],
[
"dim",
"dim#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of an image: blurry or dim."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of light: cloudy, opaque."
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"light",
"light#Noun"
],
[
"opaque",
"opaque#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of light: cloudy, opaque."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The television picture is decent, but the sound is muddy.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of sound (especially during performance, recording, or playback): indistinct, muffled."
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"performance",
"performance"
],
[
"recording",
"recording#Noun"
],
[
"playback",
"playback"
],
[
"indistinct",
"indistinct"
],
[
"muffled",
"muffled#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of sound (especially during performance, recording, or playback): indistinct, muffled."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of speech, thinking, or writing: ambiguous or vague; or confused, incoherent, or mixed-up; also, poorly expressed."
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"speech",
"speech#Noun"
],
[
"thinking",
"thinking#Noun"
],
[
"writing",
"writing#Noun"
],
[
"ambiguous",
"ambiguous"
],
[
"vague",
"vague#Adjective"
],
[
"confused",
"confused#Adjective"
],
[
"incoherent",
"incoherent"
],
[
"mixed-up",
"mixed-up"
],
[
"poorly",
"poorly"
],
[
"expressed",
"express#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"Of speech, thinking, or writing: ambiguous or vague; or confused, incoherent, or mixed-up; also, poorly expressed."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "muddled"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English literary terms",
"English poetic terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear.",
"Of the air: not fresh; impure, polluted."
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
],
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"air",
"air#Noun"
],
[
"fresh",
"fresh#Adjective"
],
[
"impure",
"impure"
],
[
"polluted",
"polluted#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear.",
"(chiefly literary, poetic) Of the air: not fresh; impure, polluted."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008 December, “Assessment, Grading, and Cheating”, in Classroom Management (Idea Book Series; Information Collection and Exchange Publication; no. M0088), Washington, D.C.: Office of Overseas Programming and Training Support, Information Collection and Exchange, Peace Corps, published March 2009, →OCLC, page 99",
"text": "At the end of a class or a lecture, ask students to write for one or two minutes about the \"muddiest point\" of the lesson (the part of the lesson that is still not understood clearly).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019, David Egan, “Wittgenstein’s Pursuit of Authenticity in Philosophy”, in The Pursuit of an Authentic Philosophy: Wittgenstein, Heidegger, and the Everyday, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, part III (The Pursuit of an Authentic Philosophy), page 222",
"text": "[P]hilosophers often press thought experiments into service as a way of addressing a given philosophical problem by analogy: […] Thomson thinks the question of whether we are permitted to unplug ourselves from an unconscious violinist to whom we have been unwittingly attached admits of a fairly clear answer, and wants to bring that clarity to the muddier issue of abortion.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not clear."
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Not clear."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Originally, morally or religiously wrong; corrupt, sinful; now, morally or legally dubious; shady, sketchy."
],
"links": [
[
"morally",
"morally"
],
[
"religiously",
"religiously"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong#Adjective"
],
[
"corrupt",
"corrupt#Adjective"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"legally",
"legally"
],
[
"dubious",
"dubious"
],
[
"shady",
"shady"
],
[
"sketchy",
"sketchy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"Originally, morally or religiously wrong; corrupt, sinful; now, morally or legally dubious; shady, sketchy."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a person or their facial expression: angry, sad, or sulky."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"facial",
"facial#Adjective"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"angry",
"angry"
],
[
"sad",
"sad#Adjective"
],
[
"sulky",
"sulky"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"(archaic) Of a person or their facial expression: angry, sad, or sulky."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Slightly drunk; tipsy."
],
"links": [
[
"Slightly",
"slightly"
],
[
"drunk",
"drunk#Adjective"
],
[
"tipsy",
"tipsy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively)",
"(obsolete) Slightly drunk; tipsy."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fuddled"
},
{
"word": "muddled"
},
{
"word": "drunk"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdi"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-muddy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg/En-us-muddy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kalen",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "кален"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mrǎsen",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "мръсен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangós"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "tlawoduhi",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "ᏝᏬᏚᎯ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "渾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hún",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "浑"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "blátivý"
},
{
"code": "dag",
"lang": "Dagbani",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "biɛtibiɛti"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mudret"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "kota"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "runutur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "kurainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "kurassa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mutainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mudassa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "rapainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "ravassa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boueux"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vaseux"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "schlammig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "matschig"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "saras"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "sáros"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "forugur"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "berlumpur"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "mutaisikko"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangose"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "abarach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "draoibeach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lábach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangoso"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "maburak"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "līmōsus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "luteolus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "luteus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lutulentus"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "blottich"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "błocisty"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "błotnisty"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "barroso"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lodoso"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lamacento"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grjáznyj",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "гря́зный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бла̀тан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blàtan"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "barroso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "enfangado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "fangoso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lodoso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "turbio"
},
{
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "bolokot"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lerig"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "maputik"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "lə́-kloon",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "เลอะโคลน"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "brudnýj",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "брудни́й"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "bùn lầy"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "lầy lội"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "covered or splashed with, or full of, mud",
"word": "sình lầy"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mǎten",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "мътен"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "nauk",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "နောက်"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "kurainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "mutainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "samea"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tholerós",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "θολερός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "saras"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "iszapos"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turbide"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "ceachrach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "dorcha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "moirtiúil"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "modartha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "murtallach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "tiubh"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nigori",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "濁り"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khvɑl",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "ខ្វល់"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turbidus"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "kōparu"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "grumsete"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "grumsete"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turvo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mútnyj",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "му́тный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "pantanoso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "turbio"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kalamútnyj",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension — see also cloudy, turbid",
"word": "каламу́тний"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having the characteristics of mud, especially in colour or taste",
"word": "kuramainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having the characteristics of mud, especially in colour or taste",
"word": "mutamainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(euphemistic) soiled with feces",
"word": "kurainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(euphemistic) soiled with feces",
"word": "rapainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud",
"word": "kurassa elävä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of an animal or plant: growing or living in mud",
"word": "mudassa elävä"
}
],
"word": "muddy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mew-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -y (adjectival)",
"English terms suffixed with -y (diminutive)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdi",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdi/2 syllables",
"en:Crabs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "muddier"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "muddying"
},
{
"word": "muddy up"
},
{
"word": "muddy the waters"
},
{
"word": "muddy the water"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "muddi"
},
"expansion": "Middle English muddi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "moddy"
},
"expansion": "moddy",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "muddy",
"t": "covered with or full of mud, muddy"
},
"expansion": "muddy (“covered with or full of mud, muddy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mud"
},
"expansion": "mud",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mudde",
"t": "mud; turbid water"
},
"expansion": "mudde (“mud; turbid water”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-i",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-i (suffix forming adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "Mud"
},
"expansion": "Mud",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "mudde"
},
"expansion": "mudde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "modde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German modde",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "mudde"
},
"expansion": "mudde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mud-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mud-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*mudra-",
"t": "mud"
},
"expansion": "*mudra- (“mud”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mū-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mū-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*mew-",
"t": "moist"
},
"expansion": "*mew- (“moist”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mud",
"3": "y",
"id2": "adjectival",
"pos2": "suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "muddle"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of muddle",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "moddich"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German moddich",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "muddich"
},
"expansion": "muddich",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "muddig",
"t": "muddy; mouldy"
},
"expansion": "German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English muddi, moddy, muddy (“covered with or full of mud, muddy”), from mud, mudde (“mud; turbid water”) + -i (suffix forming adjectives). Mud, mudde is possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch modde, and/or Middle Low German modde, mudde, from Proto-Germanic *mud-, *mudra- (“mud”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mew- (“moist”). The English word is analysable as mud + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives). Doublet of muddle.\nThe verb is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Middle Low German moddich, muddich (German Low German muddig (“muddy; mouldy”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "muddies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "muddying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "muddied",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "muddied",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "muddy (third-person singular simple present muddies, present participle muddying, simple past and past participle muddied)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mud‧dy"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If you muddy your shoes don’t wear them inside.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover or splash (someone or something) with mud."
],
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"splash",
"splash#Verb"
],
[
"mud",
"mud#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To cover or splash (someone or something) with mud."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make (water or some other liquid) cloudy or turbid by stirring up mud or other sediment."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid#Noun"
],
[
"cloudy",
"cloudy"
],
[
"turbid",
"turbid"
],
[
"stirring up",
"stir up"
],
[
"sediment",
"sediment#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To make (water or some other liquid) cloudy or turbid by stirring up mud or other sediment."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The discussion only muddied their understanding of the subject.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To confuse (a person or their thinking); to muddle."
],
"links": [
[
"confuse",
"confuse"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"thinking",
"thinking#Noun"
],
[
"muddle",
"muddle#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To confuse (a person or their thinking); to muddle."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To damage (a person or their reputation); to sully, to tarnish."
],
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage#Verb"
],
[
"reputation",
"reputation"
],
[
"sully",
"sully#Verb"
],
[
"tarnish",
"tarnish#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To damage (a person or their reputation); to sully, to tarnish."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The addition of the second batch of paint muddied the bright colours to a dull and washed look.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted."
],
"links": [
[
"colour",
"colour#Noun"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty#Adjective"
],
[
"dull",
"dull#Adjective"
],
[
"muted",
"muted#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014 July 1, Steve Rose, “Dawn of the Planet of the Apes: a primate scream – first look review”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-11-27",
"text": "As the humans establish tentative bonds with their evolutionary cousins, the inter-species waters start to muddy.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 April 28, Alex McLevy, “Game Of Thrones Suffers the Fog of War in the Battle against the Dead (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2021-05-31",
"text": "It may have been effective at conveying the confusion of the situation, but it didn't make for terribly thrilling scenes. The blurry camerawork (quite literally at times) and rapid-fire editing meant that exchanges of blows that should have been viscerally thrilling were often muddied, good for capturing the mood but not much fun to watch.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (a matter, etc.) more complicated or unclear; to make a mess of (something)."
],
"links": [
[
"matter",
"matter#Noun"
],
[
"complicated",
"complicated#Adjective"
],
[
"unclear",
"unclear"
],
[
"mess",
"mess#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To make (a matter, etc.) more complicated or unclear; to make a mess of (something)."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) impure; to contaminate."
],
"links": [
[
"impure",
"impure"
],
[
"contaminate",
"contaminate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"To make (something) impure; to contaminate."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cause or permit (someone or something) to become stuck in mud; to mire."
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"permit",
"permit#Verb"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"stuck",
"stuck#Adjective"
],
[
"mire",
"mire#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figuratively)",
"(obsolete) To cause or permit (someone or something) to become stuck in mud; to mire."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"Sometimes followed by up: to become covered or splashed with mud; to become dirty or soiled."
],
"links": [
[
"up",
"up#Preposition"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"soiled",
"soiled#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(also figuratively) Sometimes followed by up: to become covered or splashed with mud; to become dirty or soiled."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"Of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"Of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To become contaminated or impure."
],
"links": [
[
"contaminated",
"contaminated#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(figuratively) To become contaminated or impure."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdi"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-muddy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg/En-us-muddy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "liata kuralla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "liata mudalla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "liata ravalla"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"word": "lutō"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "błocić"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cover or splash (someone or something) with mud",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ubłocić"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (water or some other liquid) cloudy or turbid by stirring up mud or other sediment",
"word": "samentaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted",
"word": "himmentää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (a colour) dirty, dull, or muted",
"word": "samentaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (a matter, etc.) more complicated or unclear; to make a mess of (something)",
"word": "sekoittaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become covered or splashed with mud; to become dirty or soiled",
"word": "kuraantua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid",
"word": "samentua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of water or some other liquid: to become cloudy or turbid",
"word": "sameta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become contaminated or impure",
"word": "saastua"
}
],
"word": "muddy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -y (diminutive)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdi",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdi/2 syllables",
"en:Crabs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mangrove crab"
},
"expansion": "mangrove crab",
"name": "vern"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Scylla serrata",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Scylla serrata",
"name": "taxfmt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mud crab",
"3": "y",
"alt1": "mud (crab)",
"id2": "diminutive",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "mud (crab) + -y (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From mud (crab) + -y (diminutive suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "muddies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "muddy (plural muddies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mud‧dy"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"English informal terms",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"New South Wales English",
"Queensland English"
],
"glosses": [
"The edible mud crab or mangrove crab (Scylla serrata)."
],
"links": [
[
"edible",
"edible#Adjective"
],
[
"mud crab",
"mud crab"
],
[
"Scylla serrata",
"Scylla serrata#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia, chiefly New South Wales, Queensland, informal) The edible mud crab or mangrove crab (Scylla serrata)."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-South-Wales",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdi"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-muddy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg/En-us-muddy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-muddy.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "muddy"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.