See downcast in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "downcastly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "downcastness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "looking downwards"
},
"expansion": "sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "doun-casten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English doun-casten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "kasta",
"t": "to cast, throw"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kastōną",
"t": "to throw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down",
"3": "cast",
"pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
"pos2": "adjective",
"t2": "that has been thrown"
},
"expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”) (from Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), from *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”); further etymology uncertain), modelled similarly to other constructions in Middle English such as adoun-throwen (“to throw down”) and adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)). The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more downcast",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most downcast",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "downcast (comparative more downcast, superlative most downcast)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"down‧cast"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 5 6 17 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1582, Virgil, “The Third Booke of Virgil His Aeneis”, in Richard Stanyhurst, transl., The First Foure Bookes of Virgils Æneis, […], London: Henrie Bynneman […], published 1583, →OCLC; republished as The First Four Books of the Æneid of Virgil, […], Edinburgh: [Edinburgh Printing Company], 1836, →OCLC, page 80:",
"text": "Briefly then heere Dido, with downe caſt phiſnomie, parled.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "[1633], George Herbert, “The Church Militant”, in [Nicholas Ferrar], editor, The Temple. Sacred Poems, and Private Ejaculations, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Thomas Buck and Roger Daniel; and are to be sold by Francis Green, […], →OCLC, page 186:",
"text": "[A]s before Empire and Arts made vvay, / (For no leſſe Harbingers vvould ſerve then they) / So they might ſtill, and point us out the place / VVhere firſt the Church ſhould raiſe her dovvn-caſt face.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1681, John Dryden, “Canace to Macareus”, in Ovid, Ovid’s Epistles, […], 2nd edition, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC, page 10:",
"text": "'Tis Love, ſaid ſhe; and then my dovvn-caſt eyes, / And guilty dumbneſs, vvitneſs'd my ſurprize.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1718, Mat[thew] Prior, “Solomon on the Vanity of the World. A Poem in Three Books.”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], and John Barber […], →OCLC, page 502:",
"text": "VVhile Thy abandon'd Tribes ſhall only knovv / A diff'rent Maſter, and a Change of VVoe: / VVith dovvn-caſt Eye-lids, and vvith Looks a-ghaſt, / Shall dread the Future, or bevvail the Paſt.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1722 (date written), Matthew Prior, “A Pastoral. To Dr. [Francis] Turner, Bishop of Ely, on His Departure from Cambridge.”, in The Poetical Works of Matthew Prior […], volume II, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan, […], published 1779, →OCLC, page 107:",
"text": "Suppreſs your ſigh, your dovvn-caſt eyelids raiſe, / VVhom preſent you revere, him abſent praiſe.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1743, Henry Fielding, “The History of the Life of the Late Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great. Chapter VIII. In which Our Hero Carries Greatness to an Immoderate Height.”, in Miscellanies, […], volume III, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book II, page 151:",
"text": "[T]hat dovvn-caſt Countenance vvhich betrays the Man, vvho, after a ſtrong Conflict betvveen Virtue and Vice, hath ſurrendered his Mind to the latter, and is diſcovered in his firſt Treachery; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Two. The First of the Three Spirits.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 69:",
"text": "And yet I should have dearly liked, I own, to have touched her lips; to have questioned her, that she might have opened them; to have looked upon the lashes of her downcast eyes, and never raised a blush; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1887, John Ruskin, “The Simplon”, in Præterita. Outlines of Scenes and Thoughts Perhaps Worthy of Memory in My Past Life, volume II, Orpington, Kent: George Allen, →OCLC, page 174:",
"text": "But Gordon's downcast mien did not change; and I had to admit myself, when supper-time came, that one might almost as hopelessly have sopped the Matterhorn as the loaf.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of the eyes, a facial expression, etc.: looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-adj-en:looking_downwards",
"links": [
[
"eyes",
"eye#Noun"
],
[
"facial",
"facial#Adjective"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"looking",
"look#Verb"
],
[
"downwards",
"downwards"
],
[
"sign",
"sign#Noun"
],
[
"discouragement",
"discouragement"
],
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
],
[
"modesty",
"modesty"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:looking downwards"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "71 2 13 9 4",
"alt": "очи",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sveden",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "сведен"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 13 9 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "rigardantaj malsupren"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 13 9 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "alas luotu"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 13 9 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "niedergeschlagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 13 9 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "lejup"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 13 9 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "zemup"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 13 9 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "spúšten",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "спу́штен"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 13 9 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sóboren",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "со́борен"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 2 13 9 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "tapou"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1600 or 1601 (date written), I. M. [i.e., John Marston], Antonios Reuenge. The Second Part. […], London: […] [Richard Bradock] for Thomas Fisher, and are to be soulde [by Matthew Lownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act V, scene vi, signature K4, recto:",
"text": "VVhere liues all vvoe? conduct him to vs three, / The dovvne-caſt ruines of calamitie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1691, N[ahum] Tate, A Poem, Occasioned by His Majesty’s Voyage to Holland, the Congress at the Hague, and Present Siege of Mons, London: […] Richard Baldwin, […], →OCLC, page 9:",
"text": "[…] Dovvncaſt Lucifer revolves his State, / VVith his fall'n Angels ſits in Dark Debate, / And from This Conſtellation bodes his Fate.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a person or thing: cast or thrown to the ground."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-adj-LkDjeotD",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"cast",
"cast#Verb"
],
[
"thrown",
"throw#Verb"
],
[
"ground",
"ground#Verb"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 53 1 22 24",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a person or thing: cast or thrown to the ground",
"word": "alas syösty"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Of a thing: directed downwards."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-adj-rHrjrcxt",
"links": [
[
"directed",
"direct#Verb"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 2 85 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a thing: directed downwards",
"word": "alaspäin menevä"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 2 85 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a thing: directed downwards",
"word": "alaspäin osoittava"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 14 3 6 5 4 4 3 8 6 5 10 4 4 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with down-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 5 6 17 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 0 0 21 17 6 8 1 1 7 8 7 0 0 1 7 8 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "en:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter VII, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume III, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 155:",
"text": "His fine and lovely eyes were now lighted up with indignation, now subdued to downcast sorrow and quenched in infinite wretchedness.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-adj-XROU4lvs",
"links": [
[
"feeling",
"feel#Verb"
],
[
"despondent",
"despondent"
],
[
"discouraged",
"discouraged#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative):",
"Of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sorrowful"
},
{
"word": "unhappy"
},
{
"word": "sad"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otčajan",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "отчаян"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "abatut"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "aixafat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "alacaigut"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "moix"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "moedeloos"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "neergeslagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "alakuloinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "allapäin"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "apea"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "entmutigt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "geknickt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "niedergeschlagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "katēphḗs",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "κατηφής"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "gneypur"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "abbattuto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "dēiectus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "óčaen",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "о́чаен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "hākerekere"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "tapou"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "tūreikura"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "nedtrykt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "rgn",
"lang": "Romagnol",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "abatù"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "khinna",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "खिन्न"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "brònach"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "abatido"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "alicaído"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pryhníčenyj",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "пригні́чений"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "digalon"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "pendrist"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "penisel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "pendrwm"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 28 0 40 31",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "trist"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 2 1 9 11 11 2 2 4 11 11 1 1 2 1 11 11 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 1 7 16 11 2 3 3 9 10 2 2 3 2 10 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 1 4 14 9 2 1 3 11 13 2 2 3 2 12 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 1 4 20 8 1 1 2 11 14 2 1 2 2 12 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "22 5 6 17 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 3 4 22 37 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 4 23 38 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 3 22 45 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 2 2 18 46 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 2 10 17 9 3 2 3 8 8 3 2 3 3 8 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 4 21 44 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 4 23 38 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 2 20 50 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 2 20 50 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 15 2 28 36 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 15 2 28 36 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 4 23 38 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 4 23 38 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 2 2 18 46 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romagnol translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 1 8 20 8 2 2 4 8 9 2 2 4 2 9 14 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 4 19 41 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 4 23 38 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 2 16 57 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 4 23 38 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 3 22 46 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 4 1 9 21 6 4 1 2 8 8 3 1 2 1 8 9 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Eye",
"orig": "en:Eye",
"parents": [
"Face",
"Vision",
"Head and neck",
"Senses",
"Body parts",
"Perception",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a person or thing: defeated, overthrown; also, destroyed, ruined."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-adj-SYfIotFQ",
"links": [
[
"defeated",
"defeated#Adjective"
],
[
"overthrown",
"overthrown#Adjective"
],
[
"destroyed",
"destroyed#Adjective"
],
[
"ruined",
"ruined#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative):",
"Of a person or thing: defeated, overthrown; also, destroyed, ruined."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-kæst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "downcast"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "looking downwards"
},
"expansion": "sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "doun-casten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English doun-casten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "kasta",
"t": "to cast, throw"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kastōną",
"t": "to throw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down",
"3": "cast",
"pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
"pos2": "adjective",
"t2": "that has been thrown"
},
"expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”) (from Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), from *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”); further etymology uncertain), modelled similarly to other constructions in Middle English such as adoun-throwen (“to throw down”) and adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)). The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "downcasts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "downcast (plural downcasts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"down‧cast"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "upcast"
},
{
"word": "upthrow"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 1 9 11 11 2 2 4 11 11 1 1 2 1 11 11 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 5 6 17 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a downcast dyke",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of downthrow (“a depression of the strata on one side of a fault; also, the degree of downward displacement in such a fault”)"
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-noun-Fb9IMQBN",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"downthrow",
"downthrow#English"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"strata",
"stratum"
],
[
"side",
"side#Noun"
],
[
"fault",
"fault"
],
[
"degree",
"degree"
],
[
"downward",
"downward"
],
[
"displacement",
"displacement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology, obsolete) Synonym of downthrow (“a depression of the strata on one side of a fault; also, the degree of downward displacement in such a fault”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a depression of the strata on one side of a fault; also, the degree of downward displacement in such a fault",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "downthrow"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-kæst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "downcast"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "downcast",
"t": "misfortune"
},
"expansion": "Middle English downcast (“misfortune”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "kast",
"t": "a throw"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kast (“a throw”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "casten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English casten",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down",
"3": "cast",
"pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
"pos2": "noun",
"t2": "act of throwing"
},
"expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“act of throwing”, noun)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English downcast (“misfortune”), adoun-cast (“destruction, overthrow”), from adoun (“downward”) + cast (“a throw, a cast”) (from Old Norse kast (“a throw”), from kasten (“to cast, throw”)), from Middle English casten adoun: see etymology 1. The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“act of throwing”, noun).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "downcasts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "downcast (countable and uncountable, plural downcasts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"down‧cast"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1608–1611 (date written), [Francis Beaumont; John Fletcher], The Maides Tragedy. […], London: […] [Nicholas Okes] for Francis Constable […], published 1619, →OCLC, Act II, signature E, recto:",
"text": "[C]ome lets be ſad my girles, / That dovvne caſt of thine eye Olimpias, / Shovves a faind ſorrovv; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1722, Richard Steele, The Conscious Lovers. A Comedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson […], published 1723, →OCLC, Act II, scene i, page 37:",
"text": "I ſavv the reſpectful Dovvncaſt of his Eye, vvhen you catcht him gazing at you during the Muſick: He, I vvarrant, vvas ſurpriz'd, as if he had been taken ſtealing your VVatch. O! the undiſſembled Guilty Look!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884, [Richard Doddridge Blackmore], “On the Rocks”, in The Remarkable History of Sir Thomas Upmore, […], volume II, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 66:",
"text": "And at every such aid, there was a smile to pay; not to mention the downcast of eyes sometimes, and sometimes their uplifting with a soft, sweet light, and the fluttering of lashes in the fresh wind from the sea, and the murmuring of lips, more pink and melodious than any clear Pacific shell.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act of looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty; hence (uncountable, archaic), dejection, melancholy."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-noun-9cEZ7DCQ",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
],
[
"looking",
"look#Verb"
],
[
"downwards",
"downwards"
],
[
"sign",
"sign#Noun"
],
[
"discouragement",
"discouragement"
],
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
],
[
"modesty",
"modesty"
],
[
"dejection",
"dejection"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) An act of looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty; hence (uncountable, archaic), dejection, melancholy."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "73 9 12 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of looking downwards",
"word": "katsominen alas"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An act, or the situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-noun-V2gqyLSX",
"links": [
[
"situation",
"situation"
],
[
"cast",
"cast#Verb"
],
[
"thrown",
"throw#Verb"
],
[
"ground",
"ground#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, archaic)",
"An act, or the situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 78 7 7 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act, or situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground",
"word": "syökseminen maahan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A defeat, an overthrow; also, an act of destruction or ruin."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-noun-UMU1IaTf",
"links": [
[
"defeat",
"defeat#Noun"
],
[
"overthrow",
"overthrow#Noun"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"ruin",
"ruin#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, archaic)",
"(figurative) A defeat, an overthrow; also, an act of destruction or ruin."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "upcast"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 1 9 11 11 2 2 4 11 11 1 1 2 1 11 11 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 1 4 14 9 2 1 3 11 13 2 2 3 2 12 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cast (“change of expression of a data type”) from supertype to subtype."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-noun-xzllP6l~",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"cast",
"cast#English"
],
[
"change",
"change#Noun"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"data type",
"data type"
],
[
"supertype",
"supertype#Noun"
],
[
"subtype",
"subtype#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, computing) A cast (“change of expression of a data type”) from supertype to subtype."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 8 3 81 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cast from supertype to subtype",
"word": "muuntaa alityypiksi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mining",
"orig": "en:Mining",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 1 9 11 11 2 2 4 11 11 1 1 2 1 11 11 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 1 4 14 9 2 1 3 11 13 2 2 3 2 12 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-noun-1eIavGiR",
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"ventilating",
"ventilate"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft#Noun"
],
[
"air",
"air#Noun"
],
[
"passes",
"pass#Verb"
],
[
"circulating",
"circulate"
],
[
"mine",
"mine#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, mining, chiefly attributive) A ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine."
],
"tags": [
"attributive",
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 0 2 2 94",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine",
"word": "tuuletuskuilu"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-kæst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "downcast"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "downcasting"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "doun-casten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English doun-casten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down",
"3": "cast",
"pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
"pos2": "verb",
"t2": "to throw"
},
"expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“to throw”, verb)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“to cast or throw (something) downwards; to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”): see etymology 1. The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“to throw”, verb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "downcasts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "downcasting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "downcast",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "downcast",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "downcasted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "downcasted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "downcasts",
"2": "downcasting",
"3": "downcast",
"past2": "downcasted"
},
"expansion": "downcast (third-person singular simple present downcasts, present participle downcasting, simple past and past participle downcast or downcasted)",
"name": "en-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "transitive"
},
"expansion": "(transitive)",
"name": "term-label"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"down‧cast"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cast down"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To turn (the eyes) downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-verb-RPZF13NM",
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn#Verb"
],
[
"eyes",
"eye#Noun"
],
[
"downwards",
"downwards"
],
[
"sign",
"sign#Noun"
],
[
"discouragement",
"discouragement"
],
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
],
[
"modesty",
"modesty"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "60 16 8 3 1 3 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
"word": "kääntää alaspäin"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 16 8 3 1 3 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potupitʹ vzor",
"sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "потупить взор"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 16 8 3 1 3 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potupitʹ vzgljad",
"sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "потупить взгляд"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 16 8 3 1 3 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opustitʹ glaza",
"sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "опустить глаза"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 16 8 3 1 3 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opustitʹ oči dolu",
"sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "опустить очи долу"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1838 October, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “Midnight Mass for the Dying Year”, in Voices of the Night, Cambridge, Mass.: […] John Owen, published 1839, →OCLC, stanza 12, page 30:",
"text": "For there shall come a mightier blast, / There shall be a darker day; / And the stars, from heaven down-cast, / Like red leaves be swept away!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cast or throw (something) downwards; also, to drop or lower (something)."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-verb-J~ebaScG",
"links": [
[
"cast",
"cast#Verb"
],
[
"throw",
"throw#Verb"
],
[
"drop",
"drop#Verb"
],
[
"lower",
"lower#Verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 78 2 2 8 1 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cast or throw (something) downwards",
"word": "heittää alas"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 78 2 2 8 1 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cast or throw (something) downwards",
"word": "syöstä alas"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To demolish or tear down (a building, etc.)."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-verb-T7X1dWVe",
"links": [
[
"demolish",
"demolish"
],
[
"tear down",
"tear down"
],
[
"building",
"building#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make (someone) feel despondent or discouraged; to discourage, to sadden."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-verb-NDUyyGFj",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"feel",
"feel#Verb"
],
[
"despondent",
"despondent"
],
[
"discouraged",
"discouraged#Adjective"
],
[
"discourage",
"discourage#Verb"
],
[
"sadden",
"sadden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To make (someone) feel despondent or discouraged; to discourage, to sadden."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cast down"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "upcast"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 1 9 11 11 2 2 4 11 11 1 1 2 1 11 11 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 1 4 14 9 2 1 3 11 13 2 2 3 2 12 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cast (“change the expression of”) (a data type) from supertype to subtype."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-verb-~h9jmVpf",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"cast",
"cast#English"
],
[
"change",
"change#Noun"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"data type",
"data type"
],
[
"supertype",
"supertype#Noun"
],
[
"subtype",
"subtype#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) To cast (“change the expression of”) (a data type) from supertype to subtype."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 11 3 5 70 1 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cast (a data type) from supertype to subtype",
"word": "alityypiksi muuntaminen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 1 9 11 11 2 2 4 11 11 1 1 2 1 11 11 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 1 6 13 7 2 2 3 8 9 3 3 5 3 9 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 1 4 14 9 2 1 3 11 13 2 2 3 2 12 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To reproach or upbraid (someone); also, to taunt (someone)."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-verb-KAM1IyeL",
"links": [
[
"reproach",
"reproach#Verb"
],
[
"upbraid",
"upbraid#Verb"
],
[
"taunt",
"taunt#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) To reproach or upbraid (someone); also, to taunt (someone)."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To depose or overthrow (a leader, an institution, etc.); also (sometimes reflexive), to bring down (oneself or someone) from an exalted position; to humble."
],
"id": "en-downcast-en-verb-echWVd12",
"links": [
[
"depose",
"depose"
],
[
"overthrow",
"overthrow#Verb"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
],
[
"bring",
"bring#Verb"
],
[
"exalted",
"exalted#Adjective"
],
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
],
[
"humble",
"humble#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To depose or overthrow (a leader, an institution, etc.); also (sometimes reflexive), to bring down (oneself or someone) from an exalted position; to humble."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cast down"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-kæst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/daʊnˈkɑːst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈkæst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌdaʊnˈkæst/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːst"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æst"
}
],
"word": "downcast"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with down-",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æst",
"Rhymes:English/æst/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːst",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːst/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Romagnol translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Emotions",
"en:Eye"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "downcastly"
},
{
"word": "downcastness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "looking downwards"
},
"expansion": "sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "doun-casten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English doun-casten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "kasta",
"t": "to cast, throw"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kastōną",
"t": "to throw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down",
"3": "cast",
"pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
"pos2": "adjective",
"t2": "that has been thrown"
},
"expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”) (from Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), from *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”); further etymology uncertain), modelled similarly to other constructions in Middle English such as adoun-throwen (“to throw down”) and adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)). The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more downcast",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most downcast",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "downcast (comparative more downcast, superlative most downcast)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"down‧cast"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1582, Virgil, “The Third Booke of Virgil His Aeneis”, in Richard Stanyhurst, transl., The First Foure Bookes of Virgils Æneis, […], London: Henrie Bynneman […], published 1583, →OCLC; republished as The First Four Books of the Æneid of Virgil, […], Edinburgh: [Edinburgh Printing Company], 1836, →OCLC, page 80:",
"text": "Briefly then heere Dido, with downe caſt phiſnomie, parled.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "[1633], George Herbert, “The Church Militant”, in [Nicholas Ferrar], editor, The Temple. Sacred Poems, and Private Ejaculations, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Thomas Buck and Roger Daniel; and are to be sold by Francis Green, […], →OCLC, page 186:",
"text": "[A]s before Empire and Arts made vvay, / (For no leſſe Harbingers vvould ſerve then they) / So they might ſtill, and point us out the place / VVhere firſt the Church ſhould raiſe her dovvn-caſt face.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1681, John Dryden, “Canace to Macareus”, in Ovid, Ovid’s Epistles, […], 2nd edition, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC, page 10:",
"text": "'Tis Love, ſaid ſhe; and then my dovvn-caſt eyes, / And guilty dumbneſs, vvitneſs'd my ſurprize.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1718, Mat[thew] Prior, “Solomon on the Vanity of the World. A Poem in Three Books.”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], and John Barber […], →OCLC, page 502:",
"text": "VVhile Thy abandon'd Tribes ſhall only knovv / A diff'rent Maſter, and a Change of VVoe: / VVith dovvn-caſt Eye-lids, and vvith Looks a-ghaſt, / Shall dread the Future, or bevvail the Paſt.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1722 (date written), Matthew Prior, “A Pastoral. To Dr. [Francis] Turner, Bishop of Ely, on His Departure from Cambridge.”, in The Poetical Works of Matthew Prior […], volume II, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan, […], published 1779, →OCLC, page 107:",
"text": "Suppreſs your ſigh, your dovvn-caſt eyelids raiſe, / VVhom preſent you revere, him abſent praiſe.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1743, Henry Fielding, “The History of the Life of the Late Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great. Chapter VIII. In which Our Hero Carries Greatness to an Immoderate Height.”, in Miscellanies, […], volume III, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book II, page 151:",
"text": "[T]hat dovvn-caſt Countenance vvhich betrays the Man, vvho, after a ſtrong Conflict betvveen Virtue and Vice, hath ſurrendered his Mind to the latter, and is diſcovered in his firſt Treachery; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Two. The First of the Three Spirits.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 69:",
"text": "And yet I should have dearly liked, I own, to have touched her lips; to have questioned her, that she might have opened them; to have looked upon the lashes of her downcast eyes, and never raised a blush; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1887, John Ruskin, “The Simplon”, in Præterita. Outlines of Scenes and Thoughts Perhaps Worthy of Memory in My Past Life, volume II, Orpington, Kent: George Allen, →OCLC, page 174:",
"text": "But Gordon's downcast mien did not change; and I had to admit myself, when supper-time came, that one might almost as hopelessly have sopped the Matterhorn as the loaf.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of the eyes, a facial expression, etc.: looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty."
],
"links": [
[
"eyes",
"eye#Noun"
],
[
"facial",
"facial#Adjective"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"looking",
"look#Verb"
],
[
"downwards",
"downwards"
],
[
"sign",
"sign#Noun"
],
[
"discouragement",
"discouragement"
],
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
],
[
"modesty",
"modesty"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:looking downwards"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1600 or 1601 (date written), I. M. [i.e., John Marston], Antonios Reuenge. The Second Part. […], London: […] [Richard Bradock] for Thomas Fisher, and are to be soulde [by Matthew Lownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act V, scene vi, signature K4, recto:",
"text": "VVhere liues all vvoe? conduct him to vs three, / The dovvne-caſt ruines of calamitie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1691, N[ahum] Tate, A Poem, Occasioned by His Majesty’s Voyage to Holland, the Congress at the Hague, and Present Siege of Mons, London: […] Richard Baldwin, […], →OCLC, page 9:",
"text": "[…] Dovvncaſt Lucifer revolves his State, / VVith his fall'n Angels ſits in Dark Debate, / And from This Conſtellation bodes his Fate.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a person or thing: cast or thrown to the ground."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"cast",
"cast#Verb"
],
[
"thrown",
"throw#Verb"
],
[
"ground",
"ground#Verb"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Of a thing: directed downwards."
],
"links": [
[
"directed",
"direct#Verb"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter VII, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume III, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 155:",
"text": "His fine and lovely eyes were now lighted up with indignation, now subdued to downcast sorrow and quenched in infinite wretchedness.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged."
],
"links": [
[
"feeling",
"feel#Verb"
],
[
"despondent",
"despondent"
],
[
"discouraged",
"discouraged#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative):",
"Of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sorrowful"
},
{
"word": "unhappy"
},
{
"word": "sad"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Of a person or thing: defeated, overthrown; also, destroyed, ruined."
],
"links": [
[
"defeated",
"defeated#Adjective"
],
[
"overthrown",
"overthrown#Adjective"
],
[
"destroyed",
"destroyed#Adjective"
],
[
"ruined",
"ruined#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative):",
"Of a person or thing: defeated, overthrown; also, destroyed, ruined."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-kæst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"alt": "очи",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sveden",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "сведен"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "rigardantaj malsupren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "alas luotu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "niedergeschlagen"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "lejup"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "zemup"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "spúšten",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "спу́штен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sóboren",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "со́борен"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
"word": "tapou"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a person or thing: cast or thrown to the ground",
"word": "alas syösty"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a thing: directed downwards",
"word": "alaspäin menevä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a thing: directed downwards",
"word": "alaspäin osoittava"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otčajan",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "отчаян"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "abatut"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "aixafat"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "alacaigut"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "moix"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "moedeloos"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "neergeslagen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "alakuloinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "allapäin"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "apea"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "entmutigt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "geknickt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "niedergeschlagen"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "katēphḗs",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "κατηφής"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "gneypur"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "abbattuto"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "dēiectus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "óčaen",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "о́чаен"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "hākerekere"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "tapou"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "tūreikura"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "nedtrykt"
},
{
"code": "rgn",
"lang": "Romagnol",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "abatù"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "khinna",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "खिन्न"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "brònach"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "abatido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "alicaído"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pryhníčenyj",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "пригні́чений"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "digalon"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "pendrist"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "penisel"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "pendrwm"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
"word": "trist"
}
],
"word": "downcast"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with down-",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æst",
"Rhymes:English/æst/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːst",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːst/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Romagnol translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Emotions",
"en:Eye"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "looking downwards"
},
"expansion": "sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "doun-casten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English doun-casten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "kasta",
"t": "to cast, throw"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kastōną",
"t": "to throw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down",
"3": "cast",
"pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
"pos2": "adjective",
"t2": "that has been thrown"
},
"expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”) (from Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), from *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”); further etymology uncertain), modelled similarly to other constructions in Middle English such as adoun-throwen (“to throw down”) and adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)). The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "downcasts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "downcast (plural downcasts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"down‧cast"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "upcast"
},
{
"word": "upthrow"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"en:Geology"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a downcast dyke",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of downthrow (“a depression of the strata on one side of a fault; also, the degree of downward displacement in such a fault”)"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"downthrow",
"downthrow#English"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"strata",
"stratum"
],
[
"side",
"side#Noun"
],
[
"fault",
"fault"
],
[
"degree",
"degree"
],
[
"downward",
"downward"
],
[
"displacement",
"displacement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology, obsolete) Synonym of downthrow (“a depression of the strata on one side of a fault; also, the degree of downward displacement in such a fault”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a depression of the strata on one side of a fault; also, the degree of downward displacement in such a fault",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "downthrow"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-kæst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "downcast"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with down-",
"English transitive verbs",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æst",
"Rhymes:English/æst/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːst",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːst/2 syllables",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"en:Emotions",
"en:Eye"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "downcast",
"t": "misfortune"
},
"expansion": "Middle English downcast (“misfortune”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "kast",
"t": "a throw"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kast (“a throw”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "casten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English casten",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down",
"3": "cast",
"pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
"pos2": "noun",
"t2": "act of throwing"
},
"expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“act of throwing”, noun)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English downcast (“misfortune”), adoun-cast (“destruction, overthrow”), from adoun (“downward”) + cast (“a throw, a cast”) (from Old Norse kast (“a throw”), from kasten (“to cast, throw”)), from Middle English casten adoun: see etymology 1. The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“act of throwing”, noun).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "downcasts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "downcast (countable and uncountable, plural downcasts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"down‧cast"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1608–1611 (date written), [Francis Beaumont; John Fletcher], The Maides Tragedy. […], London: […] [Nicholas Okes] for Francis Constable […], published 1619, →OCLC, Act II, signature E, recto:",
"text": "[C]ome lets be ſad my girles, / That dovvne caſt of thine eye Olimpias, / Shovves a faind ſorrovv; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1722, Richard Steele, The Conscious Lovers. A Comedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson […], published 1723, →OCLC, Act II, scene i, page 37:",
"text": "I ſavv the reſpectful Dovvncaſt of his Eye, vvhen you catcht him gazing at you during the Muſick: He, I vvarrant, vvas ſurpriz'd, as if he had been taken ſtealing your VVatch. O! the undiſſembled Guilty Look!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884, [Richard Doddridge Blackmore], “On the Rocks”, in The Remarkable History of Sir Thomas Upmore, […], volume II, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 66:",
"text": "And at every such aid, there was a smile to pay; not to mention the downcast of eyes sometimes, and sometimes their uplifting with a soft, sweet light, and the fluttering of lashes in the fresh wind from the sea, and the murmuring of lips, more pink and melodious than any clear Pacific shell.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act of looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty; hence (uncountable, archaic), dejection, melancholy."
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
],
[
"looking",
"look#Verb"
],
[
"downwards",
"downwards"
],
[
"sign",
"sign#Noun"
],
[
"discouragement",
"discouragement"
],
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
],
[
"modesty",
"modesty"
],
[
"dejection",
"dejection"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) An act of looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty; hence (uncountable, archaic), dejection, melancholy."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An act, or the situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground."
],
"links": [
[
"situation",
"situation"
],
[
"cast",
"cast#Verb"
],
[
"thrown",
"throw#Verb"
],
[
"ground",
"ground#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, archaic)",
"An act, or the situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A defeat, an overthrow; also, an act of destruction or ruin."
],
"links": [
[
"defeat",
"defeat#Noun"
],
[
"overthrow",
"overthrow#Noun"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"ruin",
"ruin#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, archaic)",
"(figurative) A defeat, an overthrow; also, an act of destruction or ruin."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "upcast"
}
],
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"en:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"A cast (“change of expression of a data type”) from supertype to subtype."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"cast",
"cast#English"
],
[
"change",
"change#Noun"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"data type",
"data type"
],
[
"supertype",
"supertype#Noun"
],
[
"subtype",
"subtype#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, computing) A cast (“change of expression of a data type”) from supertype to subtype."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"en:Mining"
],
"glosses": [
"A ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine."
],
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"ventilating",
"ventilate"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft#Noun"
],
[
"air",
"air#Noun"
],
[
"passes",
"pass#Verb"
],
[
"circulating",
"circulate"
],
[
"mine",
"mine#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, mining, chiefly attributive) A ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine."
],
"tags": [
"attributive",
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-kæst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of looking downwards",
"word": "katsominen alas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act, or situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground",
"word": "syökseminen maahan"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cast from supertype to subtype",
"word": "muuntaa alityypiksi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine",
"word": "tuuletuskuilu"
}
],
"word": "downcast"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with down-",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æst",
"Rhymes:English/æst/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːst",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːst/2 syllables",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"en:Emotions",
"en:Eye"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "downcasting"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "doun-casten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English doun-casten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down",
"3": "cast",
"pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
"pos2": "verb",
"t2": "to throw"
},
"expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“to throw”, verb)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“to cast or throw (something) downwards; to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”): see etymology 1. The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“to throw”, verb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "downcasts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "downcasting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "downcast",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "downcast",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "downcasted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "downcasted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "downcasts",
"2": "downcasting",
"3": "downcast",
"past2": "downcasted"
},
"expansion": "downcast (third-person singular simple present downcasts, present participle downcasting, simple past and past participle downcast or downcasted)",
"name": "en-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "transitive"
},
"expansion": "(transitive)",
"name": "term-label"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"down‧cast"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "cast down"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To turn (the eyes) downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty."
],
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn#Verb"
],
[
"eyes",
"eye#Noun"
],
[
"downwards",
"downwards"
],
[
"sign",
"sign#Noun"
],
[
"discouragement",
"discouragement"
],
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
],
[
"modesty",
"modesty"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1838 October, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “Midnight Mass for the Dying Year”, in Voices of the Night, Cambridge, Mass.: […] John Owen, published 1839, →OCLC, stanza 12, page 30:",
"text": "For there shall come a mightier blast, / There shall be a darker day; / And the stars, from heaven down-cast, / Like red leaves be swept away!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cast or throw (something) downwards; also, to drop or lower (something)."
],
"links": [
[
"cast",
"cast#Verb"
],
[
"throw",
"throw#Verb"
],
[
"drop",
"drop#Verb"
],
[
"lower",
"lower#Verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To demolish or tear down (a building, etc.)."
],
"links": [
[
"demolish",
"demolish"
],
[
"tear down",
"tear down"
],
[
"building",
"building#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make (someone) feel despondent or discouraged; to discourage, to sadden."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"feel",
"feel#Verb"
],
[
"despondent",
"despondent"
],
[
"discouraged",
"discouraged#Adjective"
],
[
"discourage",
"discourage#Verb"
],
[
"sadden",
"sadden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To make (someone) feel despondent or discouraged; to discourage, to sadden."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cast down"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "upcast"
}
],
"categories": [
"en:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"To cast (“change the expression of”) (a data type) from supertype to subtype."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"cast",
"cast#English"
],
[
"change",
"change#Noun"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"data type",
"data type"
],
[
"supertype",
"supertype#Noun"
],
[
"subtype",
"subtype#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) To cast (“change the expression of”) (a data type) from supertype to subtype."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"To reproach or upbraid (someone); also, to taunt (someone)."
],
"links": [
[
"reproach",
"reproach#Verb"
],
[
"upbraid",
"upbraid#Verb"
],
[
"taunt",
"taunt#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) To reproach or upbraid (someone); also, to taunt (someone)."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English reflexive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To depose or overthrow (a leader, an institution, etc.); also (sometimes reflexive), to bring down (oneself or someone) from an exalted position; to humble."
],
"links": [
[
"depose",
"depose"
],
[
"overthrow",
"overthrow#Verb"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
],
[
"bring",
"bring#Verb"
],
[
"exalted",
"exalted#Adjective"
],
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
],
[
"humble",
"humble#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To depose or overthrow (a leader, an institution, etc.); also (sometimes reflexive), to bring down (oneself or someone) from an exalted position; to humble."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cast down"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-kæst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/daʊnˈkɑːst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈkæst/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌdaʊnˈkæst/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːst"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æst"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
"word": "kääntää alaspäin"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potupitʹ vzor",
"sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "потупить взор"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potupitʹ vzgljad",
"sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "потупить взгляд"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opustitʹ glaza",
"sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "опустить глаза"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opustitʹ oči dolu",
"sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "опустить очи долу"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cast or throw (something) downwards",
"word": "heittää alas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cast or throw (something) downwards",
"word": "syöstä alas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cast (a data type) from supertype to subtype",
"word": "alityypiksi muuntaminen"
}
],
"word": "downcast"
}
Download raw JSONL data for downcast meaning in English (37.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.