"downcast" meaning in English

See downcast in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈdaʊnkɑːst/ [Received-Pronunciation], /-kæst/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈdaʊnˌkæst/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav [Southern-England] Forms: more downcast [comparative], most downcast [superlative]
Etymology: The adjective is derived from Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”) (from Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), from *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”); further etymology uncertain), modelled similarly to other constructions in Middle English such as adoun-throwen (“to throw down”) and adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)). The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective). The noun is derived from the adjective. Etymology templates: {{langname|en}} English, {{senseno|en|looking downwards}} sense 1, {{glossary|adjective}} adjective, {{inh|en|enm|doun-casten}} Middle English doun-casten, {{m|enm|*adoun-casten|t=(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)}} *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), {{m|enm|down|t=in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction}} down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), {{m|enm|adoun|t=downward}} adoun (“downward”), {{m|enm|casten|t=to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; 􂀿etc.􂁀}} casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”), {{der|en|non|kasta|t=to cast, throw}} Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*kastōną|t=to throw}} Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), {{m|gem-pro|*kas-|t=to throw, toss; to bring up}} *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”), {{m|enm|adoun-throwen|t=to throw down}} adoun-throwen (“to throw down”), {{m|enm|adoun-werpen|t=to throw down}} adoun-werpen (“to throw down”), {{glossary|prefix}} prefix, {{prefix|en|down|cast|pos1=prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’|pos2=adjective|t2=that has been thrown}} down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective), {{sup|2}} ², {{glossary|noun}} noun, {{sup|1}} ¹ Head templates: {{en-adj}} downcast (comparative more downcast, superlative most downcast)
  1. Of the eyes, a facial expression, etc.: looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty. Categories (topical): Emotions, Eye Translations (of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards): сведен (sveden) (alt: очи) (Bulgarian), alas luotu (Finnish), niedergeschlagen (German), lejup (Latvian), zemup (Latvian), спу́штен (spúšten) (Macedonian), со́борен (sóboren) (Macedonian), tapou (Maori)
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-adj-en:looking_downwards Disambiguation of Emotions: 23 1 0 14 3 10 11 1 1 7 4 9 0 0 4 7 4 1 Disambiguation of Eye: 25 5 1 8 8 5 5 2 2 8 4 4 1 2 4 8 5 3 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English heteronyms Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 21 1 1 6 7 7 1 1 2 15 7 1 1 1 5 14 7 3 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 19 1 1 6 6 10 2 2 1 14 6 1 1 1 5 13 7 3 Disambiguation of English heteronyms: 18 1 1 5 6 8 3 4 2 11 6 3 2 4 6 11 8 4 Disambiguation of 'of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards': 76 2 13 4 4
  2. Of a person or thing: cast or thrown to the ground. Translations (of a person or thing: cast or thrown to the ground): alas syösty (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-adj-LkDjeotD Disambiguation of 'of a person or thing: cast or thrown to the ground': 0 52 1 23 24
  3. Of a thing: directed downwards. Translations (of a thing: directed downwards): alaspäin menevä (Finnish), alaspäin osoittava (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-adj-rHrjrcxt Disambiguation of 'of a thing: directed downwards': 7 2 87 1 3
  4. (figurative)
    Of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged.     Tags: figuratively Translations (of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged): κατηφής (katēphḗs) (Ancient Greek), отчаян (otčajan) (Bulgarian), abatut (Catalan), aixafat (Catalan), alacaigut (Catalan), moix (Catalan), moedeloos (Dutch), neergeslagen (Dutch), alakuloinen (Finnish), allapäin (Finnish), apea (Finnish), entmutigt (German), geknickt (German), niedergeschlagen (German), gneypur (Icelandic), abbattuto (Italian), dēiectus (Latin), о́чаен (óčaen) (Macedonian), hākerekere (Maori), tapou (Maori), tūreikura (Maori), nedtrykt (Norwegian), abatù (Romagnol), खिन्न (khinna) (Sanskrit), brònach (Scottish Gaelic), abatido (Spanish), alicaído (Spanish), пригні́чений (pryhníčenyj) (Ukrainian), digalon (Welsh), pendrist (Welsh), penisel (Welsh), pendrwm (Welsh), trist (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-adj-XROU4lvs Disambiguation of 'of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged': 5 27 0 39 29
  5. (figurative)
    Of a person or thing: defeated, overthrown; also, destroyed, ruined.     Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-adj-SYfIotFQ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: downcastly, downcastness
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ˈdaʊnkɑːst/ [Received-Pronunciation], /-kæst/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈdaʊnˌkæst/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav [Southern-England] Forms: downcasts [plural]
Etymology: The adjective is derived from Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”) (from Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), from *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”); further etymology uncertain), modelled similarly to other constructions in Middle English such as adoun-throwen (“to throw down”) and adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)). The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective). The noun is derived from the adjective. Etymology templates: {{langname|en}} English, {{senseno|en|looking downwards}} sense 1, {{glossary|adjective}} adjective, {{inh|en|enm|doun-casten}} Middle English doun-casten, {{m|enm|*adoun-casten|t=(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)}} *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), {{m|enm|down|t=in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction}} down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), {{m|enm|adoun|t=downward}} adoun (“downward”), {{m|enm|casten|t=to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; 􂀿etc.􂁀}} casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”), {{der|en|non|kasta|t=to cast, throw}} Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*kastōną|t=to throw}} Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), {{m|gem-pro|*kas-|t=to throw, toss; to bring up}} *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”), {{m|enm|adoun-throwen|t=to throw down}} adoun-throwen (“to throw down”), {{m|enm|adoun-werpen|t=to throw down}} adoun-werpen (“to throw down”), {{glossary|prefix}} prefix, {{prefix|en|down|cast|pos1=prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’|pos2=adjective|t2=that has been thrown}} down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective), {{sup|2}} ², {{glossary|noun}} noun, {{sup|1}} ¹ Head templates: {{en-noun}} downcast (plural downcasts)
  1. (geology, obsolete) Synonym of downthrow (“a depression of the strata on one side of a fault; also, the degree of downward displacement in such a fault”) Tags: obsolete Categories (topical): Geology Synonyms: downthrow [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-noun-Fb9IMQBN Categories (other): English terms with collocations Topics: geography, geology, natural-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ˈdaʊnkɑːst/ [Received-Pronunciation], /-kæst/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈdaʊnˌkæst/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav [Southern-England] Forms: downcasts [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English downcast (“misfortune”), adoun-cast (“destruction, overthrow”), from adoun (“downward”) + cast (“a throw, a cast”) (from Old Norse kast (“a throw”), from kasten (“to cast, throw”)), from Middle English casten adoun: see etymology 1. The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“act of throwing”, noun). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|downcast|t=misfortune}} Middle English downcast (“misfortune”), {{m|enm|adoun-cast|t=destruction, overthrow}} adoun-cast (“destruction, overthrow”), {{m|enm|adoun|t=downward}} adoun (“downward”), {{m|enm|cast|t=a throw, a cast}} cast (“a throw, a cast”), {{der|en|non|kast|t=a throw}} Old Norse kast (“a throw”), {{m|non|kasten|t=to cast, throw}} kasten (“to cast, throw”), {{cog|enm|casten}} Middle English casten, {{m|enm|adoun}} adoun, {{glossary|prefix}} prefix, {{prefix|en|down|cast|pos1=prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’|pos2=noun|t2=act of throwing}} down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“act of throwing”, noun) Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} downcast (countable and uncountable, plural downcasts)
  1. (countable) An act of looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty; hence (uncountable, archaic), dejection, melancholy. Tags: countable Translations (act of looking downwards): katsominen alas (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-noun-9cEZ7DCQ Disambiguation of 'act of looking downwards': 73 9 12 1 6
  2. (countable, archaic)
    An act, or the situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground.     Tags: archaic, countable, uncountable Translations (act, or situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground): syökseminen maahan (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-noun-V2gqyLSX Disambiguation of 'act, or situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground': 7 78 6 7 1
  3. (countable, archaic)
    (figurative) A defeat, an overthrow; also, an act of destruction or ruin.     Tags: archaic, countable, figuratively, uncountable
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-noun-UMU1IaTf
  4. (countable, computing) A cast (“change of expression of a data type”) from supertype to subtype. Tags: countable Categories (topical): Computing Translations (cast from supertype to subtype): muuntaa alityypiksi (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-noun-xzllP6l~ Topics: computing, engineering, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, sciences Disambiguation of 'cast from supertype to subtype': 4 8 3 81 4
  5. (countable, mining, chiefly attributive) A ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine. Tags: attributive, countable Categories (topical): Mining Translations (ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine): tuuletuskuilu (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-noun-1eIavGiR Topics: business, mining Disambiguation of 'ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine': 2 0 2 3 93
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb

IPA: /ˈdaʊnkɑːst/ [Received-Pronunciation], /-kæst/ [Received-Pronunciation], /daʊnˈkɑːst/ [Received-Pronunciation], /-ˈkæst/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈdaʊnˌkæst/ [General-American], /ˌdaʊnˈkæst/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav [Southern-England], LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav Forms: downcasts [present, singular, third-person], downcasting [participle, present], downcast [participle, past], downcast [past], downcasted [participle, past], downcasted [past]
Rhymes: -ɑːst, -æst Etymology: From Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“to cast or throw (something) downwards; to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”): see etymology 1. The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“to throw”, verb). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|doun-casten}} Middle English doun-casten, {{m|enm|*adoun-casten|t=to cast or throw (something) downwards; to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)}} *adoun-casten (“to cast or throw (something) downwards; to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), {{m|enm|down|t=in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction}} down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), {{m|enm|adoun|t=downward}} adoun (“downward”), {{m|enm|casten|t=to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; 􂀿etc.􂁀}} casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”), {{glossary|prefix}} prefix, {{prefix|en|down|cast|pos1=prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’|pos2=verb|t2=to throw}} down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“to throw”, verb) Head templates: {{en-verb|downcasts|downcasting|downcast|past2=downcasted}} downcast (third-person singular simple present downcasts, present participle downcasting, simple past and past participle downcast or downcasted)
  1. To turn (the eyes) downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty. Tags: transitive Translations (to turn (the eyes) downwards): kääntää alaspäin (Finnish), потупить взор (potupitʹ vzor) [perfective] (Russian), потупить взгляд (potupitʹ vzgljad) [perfective] (Russian), опустить глаза (opustitʹ glaza) [perfective] (Russian), опустить очи долу (opustitʹ oči dolu) [perfective] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-verb-RPZF13NM Disambiguation of 'to turn (the eyes) downwards': 61 16 8 3 1 3 7
  2. To cast or throw (something) downwards; also, to drop or lower (something). Tags: transitive Translations (to cast or throw (something) downwards): heittää alas (Finnish), syöstä alas (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-verb-J~ebaScG Disambiguation of 'to cast or throw (something) downwards': 7 79 2 1 8 1 3
  3. To demolish or tear down (a building, etc.). Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-verb-T7X1dWVe Categories (other): English terms prefixed with down- Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with down-: 8 2 4 4 3 7 5 4 3 6 8 6 5 10 5 7 6 8
  4. (figurative) To make (someone) feel despondent or discouraged; to discourage, to sadden. Tags: figuratively, transitive Synonyms: cast down
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-verb-NDUyyGFj
  5. (computing) To cast (“change the expression of”) (a data type) from supertype to subtype. Tags: transitive Categories (topical): Computing Translations (to cast (a data type) from supertype to subtype): alityypiksi muuntaminen (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-verb-~h9jmVpf Topics: computing, engineering, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, sciences Disambiguation of 'to cast (a data type) from supertype to subtype': 1 7 2 6 75 5 5
  6. (Scotland) To reproach or upbraid (someone); also, to taunt (someone). Tags: Scotland, transitive
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-verb-KAM1IyeL Categories (other): Scottish English
  7. (obsolete) To depose or overthrow (a leader, an institution, etc.); also (sometimes reflexive), to bring down (oneself or someone) from an exalted position; to humble. Tags: obsolete, transitive Synonyms: cast down
    Sense id: en-downcast-en-verb-echWVd12
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: downcasting [noun] Related terms: cast down
Etymology number: 3

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for downcast meaning in English (35.2kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "downcastly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "downcastness"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "looking downwards"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "doun-casten"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English doun-casten",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "*adoun-casten",
        "t": "(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)"
      },
      "expansion": "*adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "down",
        "t": "in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction"
      },
      "expansion": "down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun",
        "t": "downward"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun (“downward”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "casten",
        "t": "to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; 􂀿etc.􂁀"
      },
      "expansion": "casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "kasta",
        "t": "to cast, throw"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kastōną",
        "t": "to throw"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*kas-",
        "t": "to throw, toss; to bring up"
      },
      "expansion": "*kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun-throwen",
        "t": "to throw down"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun-throwen (“to throw down”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun-werpen",
        "t": "to throw down"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "down",
        "3": "cast",
        "pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
        "pos2": "adjective",
        "t2": "that has been thrown"
      },
      "expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective)",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”) (from Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), from *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”); further etymology uncertain), modelled similarly to other constructions in Middle English such as adoun-throwen (“to throw down”) and adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)). The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more downcast",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most downcast",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "downcast (comparative more downcast, superlative most downcast)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "down‧cast"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 1 1 6 7 7 1 1 2 15 7 1 1 1 5 14 7 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 1 1 6 6 10 2 2 1 14 6 1 1 1 5 13 7 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 1 1 5 6 8 3 4 2 11 6 3 2 4 6 11 8 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English heteronyms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 1 0 14 3 10 11 1 1 7 4 9 0 0 4 7 4 1",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "en:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 5 1 8 8 5 5 2 2 8 4 4 1 2 4 8 5 3",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Eye",
          "orig": "en:Eye",
          "parents": [
            "Face",
            "Vision",
            "Head and neck",
            "Senses",
            "Body parts",
            "Perception",
            "Body",
            "Anatomy",
            "Human",
            "Biology",
            "Medicine",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of the eyes, a facial expression, etc.: looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-adj-en:looking_downwards",
      "links": [
        [
          "eyes",
          "eye#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "facial",
          "facial#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "expression",
          "expression"
        ],
        [
          "looking",
          "look#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "downwards",
          "downwards"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "discouragement",
          "discouragement"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ],
        [
          "modesty",
          "modesty"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:looking downwards"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "76 2 13 4 4",
          "alt": "очи",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "sveden",
          "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
          "word": "сведен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 2 13 4 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
          "word": "alas luotu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 2 13 4 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
          "word": "niedergeschlagen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 2 13 4 4",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
          "word": "lejup"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 2 13 4 4",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
          "word": "zemup"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 2 13 4 4",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "spúšten",
          "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
          "word": "спу́штен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 2 13 4 4",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "sóboren",
          "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
          "word": "со́борен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 2 13 4 4",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
          "word": "tapou"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Of a person or thing: cast or thrown to the ground."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-adj-LkDjeotD",
      "links": [
        [
          "person",
          "person#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "thing",
          "thing"
        ],
        [
          "cast",
          "cast#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "thrown",
          "throw#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "ground",
          "ground#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 52 1 23 24",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of a person or thing: cast or thrown to the ground",
          "word": "alas syösty"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Of a thing: directed downwards."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-adj-rHrjrcxt",
      "links": [
        [
          "directed",
          "direct#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 87 1 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of a thing: directed downwards",
          "word": "alaspäin menevä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 87 1 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of a thing: directed downwards",
          "word": "alaspäin osoittava"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-adj-XROU4lvs",
      "links": [
        [
          "feeling",
          "feel#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "despondent",
          "despondent"
        ],
        [
          "discouraged",
          "discouraged#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "Of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "otčajan",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "отчаян"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "abatut"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "aixafat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "alacaigut"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "moix"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "moedeloos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "neergeslagen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "alakuloinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "allapäin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "apea"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "entmutigt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "geknickt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "niedergeschlagen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "katēphḗs",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "κατηφής"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "gneypur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "abbattuto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "dēiectus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "óčaen",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "о́чаен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "hākerekere"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "tapou"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "tūreikura"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "nedtrykt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "rgn",
          "lang": "Romagnol",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "abatù"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "khinna",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "खिन्न"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "brònach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "abatido"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "alicaído"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "pryhníčenyj",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "пригні́чений"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "digalon"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "pendrist"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "penisel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "pendrwm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 27 0 39 29",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
          "word": "trist"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Of a person or thing: defeated, overthrown; also, destroyed, ruined."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-adj-SYfIotFQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "defeated",
          "defeated#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "overthrown",
          "overthrown#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "destroyed",
          "destroyed#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "ruined",
          "ruined#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "Of a person or thing: defeated, overthrown; also, destroyed, ruined."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-kæst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "downcast"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "looking downwards"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "doun-casten"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English doun-casten",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "*adoun-casten",
        "t": "(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)"
      },
      "expansion": "*adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "down",
        "t": "in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction"
      },
      "expansion": "down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun",
        "t": "downward"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun (“downward”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "casten",
        "t": "to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; 􂀿etc.􂁀"
      },
      "expansion": "casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "kasta",
        "t": "to cast, throw"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kastōną",
        "t": "to throw"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*kas-",
        "t": "to throw, toss; to bring up"
      },
      "expansion": "*kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun-throwen",
        "t": "to throw down"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun-throwen (“to throw down”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun-werpen",
        "t": "to throw down"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "down",
        "3": "cast",
        "pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
        "pos2": "adjective",
        "t2": "that has been thrown"
      },
      "expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective)",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”) (from Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), from *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”); further etymology uncertain), modelled similarly to other constructions in Middle English such as adoun-throwen (“to throw down”) and adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)). The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "downcasts",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "downcast (plural downcasts)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "down‧cast"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "upcast"
        },
        {
          "word": "upthrow"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Geology",
          "orig": "en:Geology",
          "parents": [
            "Earth sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a downcast dyke"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of downthrow (“a depression of the strata on one side of a fault; also, the degree of downward displacement in such a fault”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-noun-Fb9IMQBN",
      "links": [
        [
          "geology",
          "geology"
        ],
        [
          "downthrow",
          "downthrow#English"
        ],
        [
          "depression",
          "depression"
        ],
        [
          "strata",
          "stratum"
        ],
        [
          "side",
          "side#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "fault",
          "fault"
        ],
        [
          "degree",
          "degree"
        ],
        [
          "downward",
          "downward"
        ],
        [
          "displacement",
          "displacement"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geology, obsolete) Synonym of downthrow (“a depression of the strata on one side of a fault; also, the degree of downward displacement in such a fault”)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "a depression of the strata on one side of a fault; also, the degree of downward displacement in such a fault",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "downthrow"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "geology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-kæst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "downcast"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "downcast",
        "t": "misfortune"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English downcast (“misfortune”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun-cast",
        "t": "destruction, overthrow"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun-cast (“destruction, overthrow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun",
        "t": "downward"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun (“downward”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cast",
        "t": "a throw, a cast"
      },
      "expansion": "cast (“a throw, a cast”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "kast",
        "t": "a throw"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse kast (“a throw”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "kasten",
        "t": "to cast, throw"
      },
      "expansion": "kasten (“to cast, throw”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "casten"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English casten",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "down",
        "3": "cast",
        "pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
        "pos2": "noun",
        "t2": "act of throwing"
      },
      "expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“act of throwing”, noun)",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English downcast (“misfortune”), adoun-cast (“destruction, overthrow”), from adoun (“downward”) + cast (“a throw, a cast”) (from Old Norse kast (“a throw”), from kasten (“to cast, throw”)), from Middle English casten adoun: see etymology 1. The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“act of throwing”, noun).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "downcasts",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "downcast (countable and uncountable, plural downcasts)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "down‧cast"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "An act of looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty; hence (uncountable, archaic), dejection, melancholy."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-noun-9cEZ7DCQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "act",
          "act#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "looking",
          "look#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "downwards",
          "downwards"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "discouragement",
          "discouragement"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ],
        [
          "modesty",
          "modesty"
        ],
        [
          "dejection",
          "dejection"
        ],
        [
          "melancholy",
          "melancholy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) An act of looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty; hence (uncountable, archaic), dejection, melancholy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "73 9 12 1 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "act of looking downwards",
          "word": "katsominen alas"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "An act, or the situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-noun-V2gqyLSX",
      "links": [
        [
          "situation",
          "situation"
        ],
        [
          "cast",
          "cast#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "thrown",
          "throw#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "ground",
          "ground#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, archaic)",
        "An act, or the situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "7 78 6 7 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "act, or situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground",
          "word": "syökseminen maahan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "A defeat, an overthrow; also, an act of destruction or ruin."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-noun-UMU1IaTf",
      "links": [
        [
          "defeat",
          "defeat#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "overthrow",
          "overthrow#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ],
        [
          "ruin",
          "ruin#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, archaic)",
        "(figurative) A defeat, an overthrow; also, an act of destruction or ruin."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "countable",
        "figuratively",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "upcast"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Computing",
          "orig": "en:Computing",
          "parents": [
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cast (“change of expression of a data type”) from supertype to subtype."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-noun-xzllP6l~",
      "links": [
        [
          "computing",
          "computing#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "cast",
          "cast#English"
        ],
        [
          "change",
          "change#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "expression",
          "expression"
        ],
        [
          "data type",
          "data type"
        ],
        [
          "supertype",
          "supertype#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "subtype",
          "subtype#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, computing) A cast (“change of expression of a data type”) from supertype to subtype."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 8 3 81 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "cast from supertype to subtype",
          "word": "muuntaa alityypiksi"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Mining",
          "orig": "en:Mining",
          "parents": [
            "Industries",
            "Business",
            "Economics",
            "Society",
            "Social sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-noun-1eIavGiR",
      "links": [
        [
          "mining",
          "mining#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "ventilating",
          "ventilate"
        ],
        [
          "shaft",
          "shaft#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "air",
          "air#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "passes",
          "pass#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "circulating",
          "circulate"
        ],
        [
          "mine",
          "mine#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, mining, chiefly attributive) A ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "mining"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 2 3 93",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine",
          "word": "tuuletuskuilu"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-kæst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "downcast"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "downcasting"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "doun-casten"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English doun-casten",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "*adoun-casten",
        "t": "to cast or throw (something) downwards; to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)"
      },
      "expansion": "*adoun-casten (“to cast or throw (something) downwards; to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "down",
        "t": "in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction"
      },
      "expansion": "down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun",
        "t": "downward"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun (“downward”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "casten",
        "t": "to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; 􂀿etc.􂁀"
      },
      "expansion": "casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "down",
        "3": "cast",
        "pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
        "pos2": "verb",
        "t2": "to throw"
      },
      "expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“to throw”, verb)",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“to cast or throw (something) downwards; to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”): see etymology 1. The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“to throw”, verb).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "downcasts",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "downcasting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "downcast",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "downcast",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "downcasted",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "downcasted",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "downcasts",
        "2": "downcasting",
        "3": "downcast",
        "past2": "downcasted"
      },
      "expansion": "downcast (third-person singular simple present downcasts, present participle downcasting, simple past and past participle downcast or downcasted)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "down‧cast"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cast down"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To turn (the eyes) downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-verb-RPZF13NM",
      "links": [
        [
          "turn",
          "turn#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "eyes",
          "eye#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "downwards",
          "downwards"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "discouragement",
          "discouragement"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ],
        [
          "modesty",
          "modesty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "61 16 8 3 1 3 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
          "word": "kääntää alaspäin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "61 16 8 3 1 3 7",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "potupitʹ vzor",
          "sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "потупить взор"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "61 16 8 3 1 3 7",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "potupitʹ vzgljad",
          "sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "потупить взгляд"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "61 16 8 3 1 3 7",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "opustitʹ glaza",
          "sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "опустить глаза"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "61 16 8 3 1 3 7",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "opustitʹ oči dolu",
          "sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "опустить очи долу"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To cast or throw (something) downwards; also, to drop or lower (something)."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-verb-J~ebaScG",
      "links": [
        [
          "cast",
          "cast#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "throw",
          "throw#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "drop",
          "drop#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "lower",
          "lower#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "7 79 2 1 8 1 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to cast or throw (something) downwards",
          "word": "heittää alas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 79 2 1 8 1 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to cast or throw (something) downwards",
          "word": "syöstä alas"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 2 4 4 3 7 5 4 3 6 8 6 5 10 5 7 6 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with down-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To demolish or tear down (a building, etc.)."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-verb-T7X1dWVe",
      "links": [
        [
          "demolish",
          "demolish"
        ],
        [
          "tear down",
          "tear down"
        ],
        [
          "building",
          "building#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To make (someone) feel despondent or discouraged; to discourage, to sadden."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-verb-NDUyyGFj",
      "links": [
        [
          "make",
          "make#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "feel",
          "feel#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "despondent",
          "despondent"
        ],
        [
          "discouraged",
          "discouraged#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "discourage",
          "discourage#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "sadden",
          "sadden"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) To make (someone) feel despondent or discouraged; to discourage, to sadden."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cast down"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "upcast"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Computing",
          "orig": "en:Computing",
          "parents": [
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cast (“change the expression of”) (a data type) from supertype to subtype."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-verb-~h9jmVpf",
      "links": [
        [
          "computing",
          "computing#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "cast",
          "cast#English"
        ],
        [
          "change",
          "change#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "expression",
          "expression"
        ],
        [
          "data type",
          "data type"
        ],
        [
          "supertype",
          "supertype#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "subtype",
          "subtype#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(computing) To cast (“change the expression of”) (a data type) from supertype to subtype."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 7 2 6 75 5 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to cast (a data type) from supertype to subtype",
          "word": "alityypiksi muuntaminen"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scottish English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To reproach or upbraid (someone); also, to taunt (someone)."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-verb-KAM1IyeL",
      "links": [
        [
          "reproach",
          "reproach#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "upbraid",
          "upbraid#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "taunt",
          "taunt#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Scotland) To reproach or upbraid (someone); also, to taunt (someone)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Scotland",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To depose or overthrow (a leader, an institution, etc.); also (sometimes reflexive), to bring down (oneself or someone) from an exalted position; to humble."
      ],
      "id": "en-downcast-en-verb-echWVd12",
      "links": [
        [
          "depose",
          "depose"
        ],
        [
          "overthrow",
          "overthrow#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "leader",
          "leader"
        ],
        [
          "institution",
          "institution"
        ],
        [
          "bring",
          "bring#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "exalted",
          "exalted#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "position",
          "position#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "humble",
          "humble#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) To depose or overthrow (a leader, an institution, etc.); also (sometimes reflexive), to bring down (oneself or someone) from an exalted position; to humble."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cast down"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-kæst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/daʊnˈkɑːst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ˈkæst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌdaʊnˈkæst/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːst"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æst"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "downcast"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English heteronyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old Norse",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms prefixed with down-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English transitive verbs",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/æst",
    "Rhymes:English/æst/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːst",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːst/2 syllables",
    "en:Emotions",
    "en:Eye"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "downcastly"
    },
    {
      "word": "downcastness"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "looking downwards"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "doun-casten"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English doun-casten",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "*adoun-casten",
        "t": "(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)"
      },
      "expansion": "*adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "down",
        "t": "in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction"
      },
      "expansion": "down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun",
        "t": "downward"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun (“downward”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "casten",
        "t": "to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; 􂀿etc.􂁀"
      },
      "expansion": "casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "kasta",
        "t": "to cast, throw"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kastōną",
        "t": "to throw"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*kas-",
        "t": "to throw, toss; to bring up"
      },
      "expansion": "*kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun-throwen",
        "t": "to throw down"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun-throwen (“to throw down”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun-werpen",
        "t": "to throw down"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "down",
        "3": "cast",
        "pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
        "pos2": "adjective",
        "t2": "that has been thrown"
      },
      "expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective)",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”) (from Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), from *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”); further etymology uncertain), modelled similarly to other constructions in Middle English such as adoun-throwen (“to throw down”) and adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)). The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more downcast",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most downcast",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "downcast (comparative more downcast, superlative most downcast)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "down‧cast"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Of the eyes, a facial expression, etc.: looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "eyes",
          "eye#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "facial",
          "facial#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "expression",
          "expression"
        ],
        [
          "looking",
          "look#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "downwards",
          "downwards"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "discouragement",
          "discouragement"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ],
        [
          "modesty",
          "modesty"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:looking downwards"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Of a person or thing: cast or thrown to the ground."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "person",
          "person#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "thing",
          "thing"
        ],
        [
          "cast",
          "cast#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "thrown",
          "throw#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "ground",
          "ground#Verb"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Of a thing: directed downwards."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "directed",
          "direct#Verb"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "feeling",
          "feel#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "despondent",
          "despondent"
        ],
        [
          "discouraged",
          "discouraged#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "Of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Of a person or thing: defeated, overthrown; also, destroyed, ruined."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "defeated",
          "defeated#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "overthrown",
          "overthrown#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "destroyed",
          "destroyed#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "ruined",
          "ruined#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "Of a person or thing: defeated, overthrown; also, destroyed, ruined."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-kæst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "alt": "очи",
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "sveden",
      "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
      "word": "сведен"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
      "word": "alas luotu"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
      "word": "niedergeschlagen"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
      "word": "lejup"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
      "word": "zemup"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "spúšten",
      "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
      "word": "спу́штен"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "sóboren",
      "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
      "word": "со́борен"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "of the eyes, etc.: looking downwards",
      "word": "tapou"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of a person or thing: cast or thrown to the ground",
      "word": "alas syösty"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of a thing: directed downwards",
      "word": "alaspäin menevä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of a thing: directed downwards",
      "word": "alaspäin osoittava"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "otčajan",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "отчаян"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "abatut"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "aixafat"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "alacaigut"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "moix"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "moedeloos"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "neergeslagen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "alakuloinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "allapäin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "apea"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "entmutigt"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "geknickt"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "niedergeschlagen"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "katēphḗs",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "κατηφής"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "gneypur"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "abbattuto"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "dēiectus"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "óčaen",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "о́чаен"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "hākerekere"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "tapou"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "tūreikura"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "nedtrykt"
    },
    {
      "code": "rgn",
      "lang": "Romagnol",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "abatù"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "khinna",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "खिन्न"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "brònach"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "abatido"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "alicaído"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "pryhníčenyj",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "пригні́чений"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "digalon"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "pendrist"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "penisel"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "pendrwm"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged",
      "word": "trist"
    }
  ],
  "word": "downcast"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English heteronyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old Norse",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms prefixed with down-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English transitive verbs",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/æst",
    "Rhymes:English/æst/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːst",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːst/2 syllables",
    "en:Emotions",
    "en:Eye"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "looking downwards"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "doun-casten"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English doun-casten",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "*adoun-casten",
        "t": "(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)"
      },
      "expansion": "*adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "down",
        "t": "in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction"
      },
      "expansion": "down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun",
        "t": "downward"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun (“downward”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "casten",
        "t": "to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; 􂀿etc.􂁀"
      },
      "expansion": "casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "kasta",
        "t": "to cast, throw"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kastōną",
        "t": "to throw"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*kas-",
        "t": "to throw, toss; to bring up"
      },
      "expansion": "*kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun-throwen",
        "t": "to throw down"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun-throwen (“to throw down”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun-werpen",
        "t": "to throw down"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "down",
        "3": "cast",
        "pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
        "pos2": "adjective",
        "t2": "that has been thrown"
      },
      "expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective)",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”) (from Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), from *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”); further etymology uncertain), modelled similarly to other constructions in Middle English such as adoun-throwen (“to throw down”) and adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)). The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "downcasts",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "downcast (plural downcasts)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "down‧cast"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "upcast"
        },
        {
          "word": "upthrow"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with collocations",
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "en:Geology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a downcast dyke"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of downthrow (“a depression of the strata on one side of a fault; also, the degree of downward displacement in such a fault”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "geology",
          "geology"
        ],
        [
          "downthrow",
          "downthrow#English"
        ],
        [
          "depression",
          "depression"
        ],
        [
          "strata",
          "stratum"
        ],
        [
          "side",
          "side#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "fault",
          "fault"
        ],
        [
          "degree",
          "degree"
        ],
        [
          "downward",
          "downward"
        ],
        [
          "displacement",
          "displacement"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geology, obsolete) Synonym of downthrow (“a depression of the strata on one side of a fault; also, the degree of downward displacement in such a fault”)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "a depression of the strata on one side of a fault; also, the degree of downward displacement in such a fault",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "downthrow"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "geology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-kæst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "downcast"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English heteronyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old Norse",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms prefixed with down-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English transitive verbs",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/æst",
    "Rhymes:English/æst/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːst",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːst/2 syllables",
    "en:Emotions",
    "en:Eye"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "downcast",
        "t": "misfortune"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English downcast (“misfortune”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun-cast",
        "t": "destruction, overthrow"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun-cast (“destruction, overthrow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun",
        "t": "downward"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun (“downward”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cast",
        "t": "a throw, a cast"
      },
      "expansion": "cast (“a throw, a cast”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "kast",
        "t": "a throw"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse kast (“a throw”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "kasten",
        "t": "to cast, throw"
      },
      "expansion": "kasten (“to cast, throw”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "casten"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English casten",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "down",
        "3": "cast",
        "pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
        "pos2": "noun",
        "t2": "act of throwing"
      },
      "expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“act of throwing”, noun)",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English downcast (“misfortune”), adoun-cast (“destruction, overthrow”), from adoun (“downward”) + cast (“a throw, a cast”) (from Old Norse kast (“a throw”), from kasten (“to cast, throw”)), from Middle English casten adoun: see etymology 1. The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“act of throwing”, noun).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "downcasts",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "downcast (countable and uncountable, plural downcasts)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "down‧cast"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An act of looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty; hence (uncountable, archaic), dejection, melancholy."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "act",
          "act#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "looking",
          "look#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "downwards",
          "downwards"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "discouragement",
          "discouragement"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ],
        [
          "modesty",
          "modesty"
        ],
        [
          "dejection",
          "dejection"
        ],
        [
          "melancholy",
          "melancholy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) An act of looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty; hence (uncountable, archaic), dejection, melancholy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An act, or the situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "situation",
          "situation"
        ],
        [
          "cast",
          "cast#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "thrown",
          "throw#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "ground",
          "ground#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, archaic)",
        "An act, or the situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A defeat, an overthrow; also, an act of destruction or ruin."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "defeat",
          "defeat#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "overthrow",
          "overthrow#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ],
        [
          "ruin",
          "ruin#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, archaic)",
        "(figurative) A defeat, an overthrow; also, an act of destruction or ruin."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "countable",
        "figuratively",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "upcast"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "en:Computing"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cast (“change of expression of a data type”) from supertype to subtype."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "computing",
          "computing#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "cast",
          "cast#English"
        ],
        [
          "change",
          "change#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "expression",
          "expression"
        ],
        [
          "data type",
          "data type"
        ],
        [
          "supertype",
          "supertype#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "subtype",
          "subtype#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, computing) A cast (“change of expression of a data type”) from supertype to subtype."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "en:Mining"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mining",
          "mining#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "ventilating",
          "ventilate"
        ],
        [
          "shaft",
          "shaft#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "air",
          "air#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "passes",
          "pass#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "circulating",
          "circulate"
        ],
        [
          "mine",
          "mine#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, mining, chiefly attributive) A ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "mining"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-kæst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "act of looking downwards",
      "word": "katsominen alas"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "act, or situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground",
      "word": "syökseminen maahan"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "cast from supertype to subtype",
      "word": "muuntaa alityypiksi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine",
      "word": "tuuletuskuilu"
    }
  ],
  "word": "downcast"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English heteronyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms prefixed with down-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English transitive verbs",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/æst",
    "Rhymes:English/æst/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːst",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːst/2 syllables",
    "en:Emotions",
    "en:Eye"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "downcasting"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "doun-casten"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English doun-casten",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "*adoun-casten",
        "t": "to cast or throw (something) downwards; to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)"
      },
      "expansion": "*adoun-casten (“to cast or throw (something) downwards; to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "down",
        "t": "in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction"
      },
      "expansion": "down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adoun",
        "t": "downward"
      },
      "expansion": "adoun (“downward”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "casten",
        "t": "to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; 􂀿etc.􂁀"
      },
      "expansion": "casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "down",
        "3": "cast",
        "pos1": "prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’",
        "pos2": "verb",
        "t2": "to throw"
      },
      "expansion": "down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“to throw”, verb)",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“to cast or throw (something) downwards; to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”): see etymology 1. The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“to throw”, verb).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "downcasts",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "downcasting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "downcast",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "downcast",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "downcasted",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "downcasted",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "downcasts",
        "2": "downcasting",
        "3": "downcast",
        "past2": "downcasted"
      },
      "expansion": "downcast (third-person singular simple present downcasts, present participle downcasting, simple past and past participle downcast or downcasted)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "down‧cast"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "cast down"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To turn (the eyes) downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "turn",
          "turn#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "eyes",
          "eye#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "downwards",
          "downwards"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "discouragement",
          "discouragement"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ],
        [
          "modesty",
          "modesty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To cast or throw (something) downwards; also, to drop or lower (something)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cast",
          "cast#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "throw",
          "throw#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "drop",
          "drop#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "lower",
          "lower#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To demolish or tear down (a building, etc.)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "demolish",
          "demolish"
        ],
        [
          "tear down",
          "tear down"
        ],
        [
          "building",
          "building#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To make (someone) feel despondent or discouraged; to discourage, to sadden."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "make",
          "make#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "feel",
          "feel#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "despondent",
          "despondent"
        ],
        [
          "discouraged",
          "discouraged#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "discourage",
          "discourage#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "sadden",
          "sadden"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) To make (someone) feel despondent or discouraged; to discourage, to sadden."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cast down"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "upcast"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "en:Computing"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cast (“change the expression of”) (a data type) from supertype to subtype."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "computing",
          "computing#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "cast",
          "cast#English"
        ],
        [
          "change",
          "change#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "expression",
          "expression"
        ],
        [
          "data type",
          "data type"
        ],
        [
          "supertype",
          "supertype#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "subtype",
          "subtype#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(computing) To cast (“change the expression of”) (a data type) from supertype to subtype."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Scottish English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To reproach or upbraid (someone); also, to taunt (someone)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "reproach",
          "reproach#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "upbraid",
          "upbraid#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "taunt",
          "taunt#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Scotland) To reproach or upbraid (someone); also, to taunt (someone)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Scotland",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English reflexive verbs",
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To depose or overthrow (a leader, an institution, etc.); also (sometimes reflexive), to bring down (oneself or someone) from an exalted position; to humble."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "depose",
          "depose"
        ],
        [
          "overthrow",
          "overthrow#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "leader",
          "leader"
        ],
        [
          "institution",
          "institution"
        ],
        [
          "bring",
          "bring#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "exalted",
          "exalted#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "position",
          "position#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "humble",
          "humble#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) To depose or overthrow (a leader, an institution, etc.); also (sometimes reflexive), to bring down (oneself or someone) from an exalted position; to humble."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cast down"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnkɑːst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-kæst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/daʊnˈkɑːst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ˈkæst/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdaʊnˌkæst/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌdaʊnˈkæst/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːst"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æst"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast1.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-downcast2.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
      "word": "kääntää alaspäin"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "potupitʹ vzor",
      "sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "потупить взор"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "potupitʹ vzgljad",
      "sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "потупить взгляд"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "opustitʹ glaza",
      "sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "опустить глаза"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "opustitʹ oči dolu",
      "sense": "to turn (the eyes) downwards",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "опустить очи долу"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to cast or throw (something) downwards",
      "word": "heittää alas"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to cast or throw (something) downwards",
      "word": "syöstä alas"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to cast (a data type) from supertype to subtype",
      "word": "alityypiksi muuntaminen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "downcast"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.