See thwart on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "athwart"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "athwartship"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "athwartships"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "þvert",
"t": "across, athwart"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwerhaz",
"t": "cross; adverse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þweraną",
"t": "to stir; to swirl; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þerh-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerh-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-",
"t": "to spin; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tvær",
"t": "sullen, sulky"
},
"expansion": "Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃",
"t": "angry"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tvert"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian tvert",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "þweres"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian þweres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "twars"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian twars",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "contrary; cross-grained"
},
"expansion": "Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þweorh",
"t": "transverse; perverse; angry, cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Old High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "quer",
"t": "crosswise; cross"
},
"expansion": "German quer (“crosswise; cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tvär",
"t": "across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þwerh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwerh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwerten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwerten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thwert",
"t": "in in thwert: crosswise"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Early Middle English thwert, thwerte, thuart, thurt, thurte, thwart, thwarte, twart, twarte, twhart, twhert, twort, þuert, þwerrt, þwert, þwerte, ðwert (“crosswise, transverse; counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate”), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).\nThe English adjective is cognate with Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”), Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”), Middle Dutch dwers, dwars (modern Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)), Norwegian tvert, tvært, Old Frisian þweres, dwers (Saterland Frisian twars, West Frisian dwers, dwerz (“across, to the other side of; beyond”)), Middle Low German dwers, dwars (Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)), Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”), Old High German twer (Middle High German twer, quer, modern German quer (“crosswise; cross”)), Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”). It is related to queer; also Proto-West Germanic *þwerh,\nThe adverb is derived from Middle English thwert, ywerte (“crosswise; across the grain”); the Middle English Dictionary suggests the adverb was derived from the adjective, while the Oxford English Dictionary notes that the adverb is attested earlier than the adjective.\nThe verb is derived from Middle English thwerten, thwert, thwarten, þwerten (“to lie across; to oppose, to thwart”), and further from the adverb and perhaps also the adjective.\nNoun sense 1 (“a seat across a boat on which a rower may sit”) may be derived from the adverb or adjective, from the position of the seat across the length of the boat, while noun sense 3 (“(rare) an act of thwarting”) is derived from the verb. Compare Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”), from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more thwart",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most thwart",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thwart (comparative more thwart, superlative most thwart)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "overthwart"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "overthwartly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "overthwartness"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 1 11 9 12 18 1 3 14 1 20 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book VII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 768–773:",
"text": "Which elſe to ſeveral Sphears thou muſt aſcribe,\n Mov'd contrarie with thwart obliquities,\n Or ſave the Sun his labour, and that ſwift\n Nocturnal and Diurnal rhomb ſuppos'd,\n Inviſible elſe above all Starrs, the Wheele\n Of Day and Night; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Placed or situated across something else; cross, oblique, transverse."
],
"id": "en-thwart-en-adj--0e7DlDl",
"links": [
[
"Placed",
"place#Verb"
],
[
"situate",
"situate"
],
[
"across",
"across"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#Adjective"
],
[
"oblique",
"oblique"
],
[
"transverse",
"transverse"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "86 3 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kos",
"sense": "placed or situated across something else — see also oblique, transverse",
"word": "кос"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 3 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naprečen",
"sense": "placed or situated across something else — see also oblique, transverse",
"word": "напречен"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 3 11",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "placed or situated across something else — see also oblique, transverse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "příčný"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 3 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "placed or situated across something else — see also oblique, transverse",
"word": "poikittainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 3 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "placed or situated across something else — see also oblique, transverse",
"word": "atravesado"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1603–1606 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] His True Chronicle Historie of the Life and Death of King Lear and His Three Daughters. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Nathaniel Butter, […], published 1608, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:",
"text": "[…] harke Nature, heare deere Goddeſſe, ſuſpend thy purpoſe, if thou did'ſt intend to make this creature fruitful into her wombe, conuey ſterility, drie vp in hir the organs of increaſe, and from her derogate body neuer ſpring a babe to honour her, if ſhee muſt teeme, create her childe of ſpleene, that it may liue and bee a thourt diſuetur'd^([sic – meaning disnatured]) torment to her, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1605, Francis Bacon, “The First Booke”, in The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], →OCLC, folio 11, recto:",
"text": "[…] and it is without all controuerſie, that learning doth make the minds of men gentle, generous, maniable, and pliant to gouernment; whereas Ignorance makes them churliſh, thwart, and mutinous; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of people: having a tendency to oppose; obstinate, perverse, stubborn."
],
"id": "en-thwart-en-adj-SWdMfmX7",
"links": [
[
"tendency",
"tendency"
],
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
],
[
"obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"perverse",
"perverse"
],
[
"stubborn",
"stubborn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, dated) Of people: having a tendency to oppose; obstinate, perverse, stubborn."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cross-grained"
},
{
"word": "froward"
},
{
"word": "obstinate"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 82 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prečešt",
"sense": "having a tendency to oppose — see also obstinate, perverse",
"word": "пречещ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neblagoprijaten",
"sense": "having a tendency to oppose — see also obstinate, perverse",
"word": "неблагоприятен"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nepoddajuščijsja",
"sense": "having a tendency to oppose — see also obstinate, perverse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "неподдающийся"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a tendency to oppose — see also obstinate, perverse",
"word": "contestatario"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 1 11 9 12 18 1 3 14 1 20 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 10 12 10 15 4 5 17 1 15 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 12 8 13 18 2 3 13 1 21 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 1 13 7 13 17 2 2 15 1 19 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of situations or things: adverse, unfavourable, unlucky."
],
"id": "en-thwart-en-adj-ozRwzeF6",
"links": [
[
"adverse",
"adverse"
],
[
"unfavourable",
"unfavourable"
],
[
"unlucky",
"unlucky"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, dated) Of situations or things: adverse, unfavourable, unlucky."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "unpropitious"
},
{
"word": "untoward"
},
{
"word": "unlucky"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θwɔːt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-thwart.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga/En-uk-thwart.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga"
},
{
"enpr": "thwôrt",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θwɔɹt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)t"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Middle English Dictionary",
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "thwart"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "þvert",
"t": "across, athwart"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwerhaz",
"t": "cross; adverse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þweraną",
"t": "to stir; to swirl; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þerh-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerh-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-",
"t": "to spin; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tvær",
"t": "sullen, sulky"
},
"expansion": "Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃",
"t": "angry"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tvert"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian tvert",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "þweres"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian þweres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "twars"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian twars",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "contrary; cross-grained"
},
"expansion": "Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þweorh",
"t": "transverse; perverse; angry, cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Old High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "quer",
"t": "crosswise; cross"
},
"expansion": "German quer (“crosswise; cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tvär",
"t": "across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þwerh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwerh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwerten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwerten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thwert",
"t": "in in thwert: crosswise"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Early Middle English thwert, thwerte, thuart, thurt, thurte, thwart, thwarte, twart, twarte, twhart, twhert, twort, þuert, þwerrt, þwert, þwerte, ðwert (“crosswise, transverse; counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate”), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).\nThe English adjective is cognate with Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”), Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”), Middle Dutch dwers, dwars (modern Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)), Norwegian tvert, tvært, Old Frisian þweres, dwers (Saterland Frisian twars, West Frisian dwers, dwerz (“across, to the other side of; beyond”)), Middle Low German dwers, dwars (Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)), Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”), Old High German twer (Middle High German twer, quer, modern German quer (“crosswise; cross”)), Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”). It is related to queer; also Proto-West Germanic *þwerh,\nThe adverb is derived from Middle English thwert, ywerte (“crosswise; across the grain”); the Middle English Dictionary suggests the adverb was derived from the adjective, while the Oxford English Dictionary notes that the adverb is attested earlier than the adjective.\nThe verb is derived from Middle English thwerten, thwert, thwarten, þwerten (“to lie across; to oppose, to thwart”), and further from the adverb and perhaps also the adjective.\nNoun sense 1 (“a seat across a boat on which a rower may sit”) may be derived from the adverb or adjective, from the position of the seat across the length of the boat, while noun sense 3 (“(rare) an act of thwarting”) is derived from the verb. Compare Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”), from the adjective.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "thwart (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 2 10 12 10 15 4 5 17 1 15 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 701–706:",
"text": "With adverſe blaſt up-turns them from the South\n Notus and Afer black with thundrous Clouds\n From Serraliona; thwart of theſe as fierce\n Forth ruſh the Levant and the Ponent VVindes\n Eurus and Zephir with their lateral noiſe,\n Sirocco, and Libecchio.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Across the direction of travel or length of; athwart, crosswise, obliquely, transversely."
],
"id": "en-thwart-en-adv-GCX5w6wl",
"links": [
[
"Across",
"across"
],
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"travel",
"travel#Noun"
],
[
"length",
"length"
],
[
"athwart",
"athwart"
],
[
"crosswise",
"crosswise"
],
[
"obliquely",
"obliquely"
],
[
"transversely",
"transversely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Across the direction of travel or length of; athwart, crosswise, obliquely, transversely."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "koso",
"sense": "across the direction of travel or length of — see also athwart",
"word": "косо"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naprečno",
"sense": "across the direction of travel or length of — see also athwart",
"word": "напречно"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "across the direction of travel or length of — see also athwart",
"word": "napříč"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "across the direction of travel or length of — see also athwart",
"word": "křižmo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "across the direction of travel or length of — see also athwart",
"word": "poikittain"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θwɔːt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-thwart.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga/En-uk-thwart.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga"
},
{
"enpr": "thwôrt",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θwɔɹt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)t"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Middle English Dictionary",
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "thwart"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
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"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "þvert",
"t": "across, athwart"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwerhaz",
"t": "cross; adverse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þweraną",
"t": "to stir; to swirl; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þerh-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerh-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-",
"t": "to spin; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tvær",
"t": "sullen, sulky"
},
"expansion": "Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃",
"t": "angry"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tvert"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian tvert",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "þweres"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian þweres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "twars"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian twars",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "contrary; cross-grained"
},
"expansion": "Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þweorh",
"t": "transverse; perverse; angry, cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Old High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "quer",
"t": "crosswise; cross"
},
"expansion": "German quer (“crosswise; cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tvär",
"t": "across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þwerh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwerh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwerten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwerten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thwert",
"t": "in in thwert: crosswise"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Early Middle English thwert, thwerte, thuart, thurt, thurte, thwart, thwarte, twart, twarte, twhart, twhert, twort, þuert, þwerrt, þwert, þwerte, ðwert (“crosswise, transverse; counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate”), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).\nThe English adjective is cognate with Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”), Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”), Middle Dutch dwers, dwars (modern Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)), Norwegian tvert, tvært, Old Frisian þweres, dwers (Saterland Frisian twars, West Frisian dwers, dwerz (“across, to the other side of; beyond”)), Middle Low German dwers, dwars (Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)), Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”), Old High German twer (Middle High German twer, quer, modern German quer (“crosswise; cross”)), Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”). It is related to queer; also Proto-West Germanic *þwerh,\nThe adverb is derived from Middle English thwert, ywerte (“crosswise; across the grain”); the Middle English Dictionary suggests the adverb was derived from the adjective, while the Oxford English Dictionary notes that the adverb is attested earlier than the adjective.\nThe verb is derived from Middle English thwerten, thwert, thwarten, þwerten (“to lie across; to oppose, to thwart”), and further from the adverb and perhaps also the adjective.\nNoun sense 1 (“a seat across a boat on which a rower may sit”) may be derived from the adverb or adjective, from the position of the seat across the length of the boat, while noun sense 3 (“(rare) an act of thwarting”) is derived from the verb. Compare Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”), from the adjective.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prepositions",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "thwart",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thwart",
"name": "en-prep"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 7 5 5 11 10 5 17 15 7 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Across, athwart."
],
"id": "en-thwart-en-prep-TecHVUd5",
"links": [
[
"Across",
"across"
],
[
"athwart",
"athwart"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or poetic) Across, athwart."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θwɔːt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-thwart.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga/En-uk-thwart.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga"
},
{
"enpr": "thwôrt",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θwɔɹt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)t"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Middle English Dictionary",
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "thwart"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thwarter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thwartsome"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "þvert",
"t": "across, athwart"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwerhaz",
"t": "cross; adverse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þweraną",
"t": "to stir; to swirl; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þerh-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerh-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-",
"t": "to spin; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tvær",
"t": "sullen, sulky"
},
"expansion": "Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃",
"t": "angry"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tvert"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian tvert",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "þweres"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian þweres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "twars"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian twars",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "contrary; cross-grained"
},
"expansion": "Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þweorh",
"t": "transverse; perverse; angry, cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Old High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "quer",
"t": "crosswise; cross"
},
"expansion": "German quer (“crosswise; cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tvär",
"t": "across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þwerh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwerh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwerten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwerten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thwert",
"t": "in in thwert: crosswise"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Early Middle English thwert, thwerte, thuart, thurt, thurte, thwart, thwarte, twart, twarte, twhart, twhert, twort, þuert, þwerrt, þwert, þwerte, ðwert (“crosswise, transverse; counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate”), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).\nThe English adjective is cognate with Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”), Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”), Middle Dutch dwers, dwars (modern Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)), Norwegian tvert, tvært, Old Frisian þweres, dwers (Saterland Frisian twars, West Frisian dwers, dwerz (“across, to the other side of; beyond”)), Middle Low German dwers, dwars (Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)), Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”), Old High German twer (Middle High German twer, quer, modern German quer (“crosswise; cross”)), Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”). It is related to queer; also Proto-West Germanic *þwerh,\nThe adverb is derived from Middle English thwert, ywerte (“crosswise; across the grain”); the Middle English Dictionary suggests the adverb was derived from the adjective, while the Oxford English Dictionary notes that the adverb is attested earlier than the adjective.\nThe verb is derived from Middle English thwerten, thwert, thwarten, þwerten (“to lie across; to oppose, to thwart”), and further from the adverb and perhaps also the adjective.\nNoun sense 1 (“a seat across a boat on which a rower may sit”) may be derived from the adverb or adjective, from the position of the seat across the length of the boat, while noun sense 3 (“(rare) an act of thwarting”) is derived from the verb. Compare Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”), from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thwarts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwarting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thwarted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thwarted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "glossary",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "thwart",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thwart (third-person singular simple present thwarts, present participle thwarting, simple past and past participle thwarted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "promote"
}
],
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Our plans for a picnic were thwarted by the thunderstorm.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The police thwarted the would-be assassin.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1590, T[homas] L[odge], “Alindas Comfort to Perplexed Rosalynd”, in Rosalynde. Euphues Golden Legacie: […], London: […] Thomas Orwin for T. G[ubbin] and John Busbie, →OCLC; republished [Glasgow]: [ […] Hunterian Club], [1876], →OCLC, folio 13, verso, page 34:",
"text": "If thou grieueſt that beeing the daughter of a Prince, and enuie thwarteth thée with ſuch hard exigents, thinke that royaltie is a faire marke; that Crownes haue croſſes when mirth is in Cottages; that the fairer the Roſe is, the ſooner it is bitten with Catterpillers; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1662 November 9, Robert South, “[Sermon II] A Sermon Preached at the Cathedral-Church of St. Paul’s, November the 9th, 1662: Genesis i. 27. So God created Man in his own Image, in the Image of God created He him.”, in Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, 5th edition, volume I, London: Printed for Jonah Bowyer, […], published 1722, →OCLC, page 60:",
"text": "The Underſtanding and Will never diſagreed; for the Propoſals of the one never thwarted the Inclinations of the other.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1830, Walter Scott, “Auchindrane; or, The Ayrshire Tragedy”, in The Doom of Devorgoil, a Melo-drama; Auchindrane; or, The Ayrshire Tragedy, Edinburgh: […] [Ballantyne and Company] for Cadell and Company; London: Simpkin and Marshall, →OCLC, Act III, scene i, page 309:",
"text": "Hear ye the serf I bred, begin to reckon\n Upon his rights and pleasure! Who am I—\n Thou abject, who am I, whose will thou thwartest?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XLIV, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 361:",
"text": "Not unnaturally, \"Auntie\" took this communication in bad part. Thus outraged, she showed herself to be a bold as well as a furious virago. Next day she found her way to their lodgings and tried to recover her ward by the hair of the head. Then, thwarted, the wretched creature went to the police for help; she was versed in the law, and perhaps had spared no pains to keep on good terms with the local constabulary.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Peter Bondanella, “Wise Guys: Hollywood Italian Gangsters”, in Hollywood Italians: Dagos, Palookas, Romeos, Wise Guys, and Sopranos, New York, N.Y.: Continuum International Publishing Group, →ISBN, pages 231–232:",
"text": "The film ends with the colorful deaths of Nico's enemies after he thwarts their attempts to assassinate a U.S. Senator investigating ties between drug dealers and the CIA.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Edwin Black, “Power Struggle”, in Internal Combustion: How Corporations and Governments Addicted the World to Oil and Derailed the Alternatives, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN, →OL:",
"text": "More than a mere source of Promethean sustenance to thwart the cold and cook one's meat, wood was quite simply mankind's first industrial and manufacturing fuel.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011 December 10, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 1 – 0 Everton”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 2011-12-13:",
"text": "Everton were now firmly on the back foot and it required some sharp work from Johnny Heitinga and Phil Jagielka to thwart [Theo] Walcott and Thomas Vermaelen.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to fail; to frustrate, to prevent."
],
"id": "en-thwart-en-verb-rL~OUsGE",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"fail",
"fail"
],
[
"frustrate",
"frustrate"
],
[
"prevent",
"prevent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to fail; to frustrate, to prevent."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "balk#Verb"
},
{
"word": "foil#Verb_2"
},
{
"word": "spoil"
},
{
"word": "cross"
},
{
"word": "discomfit"
},
{
"word": "disconcert"
},
{
"word": "baffle"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "faššala",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "فَشَّلَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaḥbaṭa",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "أَحْبَطَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "preča",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "преча"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "osuetjavam",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "осуетявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "frustrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "desbaratar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zǔnáo",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "阻撓 /阻挠"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "zmařit"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "zkřížit"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "překazit"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "dwarsbomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "pysäyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "taltuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "tehdä tyhjäksi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "contrecarrer"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "contrarier"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "durchkreuzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "entgegenwirken"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "vereiteln"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "konterkarieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mataióno",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "ματαιώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "sikél",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "סיכל"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "meghiúsít"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "sventare"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "bloccare"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "habamu",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "阻む"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "soshi suru",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "阻止する"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hai suru",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "排する"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jwajeolsikida",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "좌절시키다"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "pûç kirin"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "sekinandin"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "rawestandin"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "officio"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "whakahōtaetae"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "taupare"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "taitu"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "ngihangiha"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "saad totgor bolox",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "саад тотгор болох"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "udaremniać"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "pokrzyżować"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "frustrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "contrariar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mešát’ ispolnéniju",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "мешать исполнению"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prepjátstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "препя́тствовать"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vosprepjátstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "воспрепя́тствовать"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasstráivatʹ",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "расстра́ивать"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasstróitʹ",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "расстро́ить"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "frustrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "contrariar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "chasquear"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "burlar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "hindra"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kàt-kwǎang",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "ขัดขวาง"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "akamete uğratmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "baltalamak"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "karşı koymak"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 5 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "önlemeye çalışmak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To place (something) across (another thing); to position crosswise."
],
"id": "en-thwart-en-verb-~tUZBGuy",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place#Verb"
],
[
"across",
"across"
],
[
"position",
"position#Verb"
],
[
"crosswise",
"crosswise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To place (something) across (another thing); to position crosswise."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 1 11 9 12 18 1 3 14 1 20 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 10 12 10 15 4 5 17 1 15 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 12 8 13 18 2 3 13 1 21 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 1 13 7 13 17 2 2 15 1 19 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hinder or obstruct by placing (something) in the way of; to block, to impede, to oppose."
],
"id": "en-thwart-en-verb-9j181rPZ",
"links": [
[
"hinder",
"hinder"
],
[
"obstruct",
"obstruct"
],
[
"block",
"block#Verb"
],
[
"impede",
"impede"
],
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, also figuratively, obsolete) To hinder or obstruct by placing (something) in the way of; to block, to impede, to oppose."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hinder"
}
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "An arrow thwarts the air.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 555–557:",
"text": "Thither came Uriel, gliding through the Eeven\n On a Sun beam, ſwift as a ſhooting Starr\n In Autumn thwarts the night, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move (something) across or counter to; to cross."
],
"id": "en-thwart-en-verb-8JN~VJVi",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"move",
"move#Verb"
],
[
"counter",
"counter#Adjective"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive, obsolete) To move (something) across or counter to; to cross."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 40 1 52",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "presičam",
"sense": "to move across",
"word": "пресичам"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 40 1 52",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move across",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "protnout"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 40 1 52",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move across",
"word": "halkaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 40 1 52",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to move across",
"word": "przecinać"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 40 1 52",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "peresekatʹ",
"sense": "to move across",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "пересекать"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θwɔːt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-thwart.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga/En-uk-thwart.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga"
},
{
"enpr": "thwôrt",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θwɔɹt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)t"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Middle English Dictionary",
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "thwart"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "þvert",
"t": "across, athwart"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwerhaz",
"t": "cross; adverse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þweraną",
"t": "to stir; to swirl; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þerh-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerh-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-",
"t": "to spin; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tvær",
"t": "sullen, sulky"
},
"expansion": "Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃",
"t": "angry"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tvert"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian tvert",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "þweres"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian þweres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "twars"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian twars",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "contrary; cross-grained"
},
"expansion": "Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þweorh",
"t": "transverse; perverse; angry, cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Old High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "quer",
"t": "crosswise; cross"
},
"expansion": "German quer (“crosswise; cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tvär",
"t": "across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þwerh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwerh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwerten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwerten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thwert",
"t": "in in thwert: crosswise"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Early Middle English thwert, thwerte, thuart, thurt, thurte, thwart, thwarte, twart, twarte, twhart, twhert, twort, þuert, þwerrt, þwert, þwerte, ðwert (“crosswise, transverse; counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate”), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).\nThe English adjective is cognate with Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”), Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”), Middle Dutch dwers, dwars (modern Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)), Norwegian tvert, tvært, Old Frisian þweres, dwers (Saterland Frisian twars, West Frisian dwers, dwerz (“across, to the other side of; beyond”)), Middle Low German dwers, dwars (Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)), Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”), Old High German twer (Middle High German twer, quer, modern German quer (“crosswise; cross”)), Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”). It is related to queer; also Proto-West Germanic *þwerh,\nThe adverb is derived from Middle English thwert, ywerte (“crosswise; across the grain”); the Middle English Dictionary suggests the adverb was derived from the adjective, while the Oxford English Dictionary notes that the adverb is attested earlier than the adjective.\nThe verb is derived from Middle English thwerten, thwert, thwarten, þwerten (“to lie across; to oppose, to thwart”), and further from the adverb and perhaps also the adjective.\nNoun sense 1 (“a seat across a boat on which a rower may sit”) may be derived from the adverb or adjective, from the position of the seat across the length of the boat, while noun sense 3 (“(rare) an act of thwarting”) is derived from the verb. Compare Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”), from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thwarts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thwart (plural thwarts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 1 11 9 12 18 1 3 14 1 20 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 5 5 11 10 5 17 15 7 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 10 12 10 15 4 5 17 1 15 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 12 8 13 18 2 3 13 1 21 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 1 13 7 13 17 2 2 15 1 19 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The fisherman sat on the aft thwart to row.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "[1876–1879?], “Our Holiday. Rowing.—I.”, in The Popular Educator: A Complete Encyclopædia of Elementary, Advanced, and Technical Education, new and revised edition, volume IV, London, New York, N.Y.: Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, […], →OCLC, page 32, column 2:",
"text": "When taking his seat in a boat, the learner should first observe that the thwart is firmly fixed, and that the mat upon it is securely tied to that part of it which is farthest from his rowlock.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A seat across a boat on which a rower may sit."
],
"id": "en-thwart-en-noun-0JUk7dWu",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"seat",
"seat#Noun"
],
[
"across",
"across"
],
[
"boat",
"boat#Noun"
],
[
"rower",
"rower"
],
[
"sit",
"sit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) A seat across a boat on which a rower may sit."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thaught"
},
{
"word": "thawt"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "thoft"
}
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sedalka za grebeca",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "седалка за гребеца"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"english": "fixed",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "piitta"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"english": "removable",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "tuhto"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "banc"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "banco"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ruderbank"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "nohona waʻa"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "safsal",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "סַפְסַל"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "benko"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arcaccia"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "keretū"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "kīato"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "taumanu"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "paemanu"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "banc"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ławka"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "banco"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bánka",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ба́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tobhta"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "banco (de remeros)"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bancada"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "toft"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bánka",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ба́нка"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 1 11 9 12 18 1 3 14 1 20 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 10 12 10 15 4 5 17 1 15 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 12 8 13 18 2 3 13 1 21 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 1 13 7 13 17 2 2 15 1 19 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A well-made dugout canoe rarely needs a thwart.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1773, “Of the Canoes and Navigation of the Inhabitants of New Zealand; […]”, in John Hawkesworth, editor, An Account of the Voyages Undertaken by the Order of His Present Majesty for Making Discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere, […] In Three Volumes, volume III, Printed for W[illiam] Strahan and T[homas] Cadell […], →OCLC, book II, page 58:",
"text": "A conſiderable number of thwarts were laid from gunwale to gunwale, to which they were ſecurely laſhed on each ſide, as a ſtrengthening to the boat [a canoe].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1800, Michael Symes, chapter VII, in An Account of an Embassy to the Kingdom of Ava, by the Governor-General of India, in the Year 1795, London: Printed by W[illiam] Bulmer and Co., […]; and sold by Messrs. G[eorge] and W[illiam] Nicol, […]; and J[ohn] Wright, […], →OCLC, page 223:",
"text": "My barge was sixty feet in length, and not more than twelve in the widest part; by taking away one thwart beam near the stern, laying a floor two feet below the gunwale, and raising an arched roof about seven feet above the floor, a commodious room was formed, fourteen feet long, and ten wide, with a closet behind it; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Cliff Jacobson, “Outfitting and Customizing Your Canoe”, in Canoeing Wild Rivers: The 30th Anniversary Guide to Expedition Canoeing in North America, 5th edition, Guildford, Conn., Helena, Mont.: Falcon Guides, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 66:",
"text": "I looked down into the Old Town [a canoe]; there was no yoke, only a straight ash thwart.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A brace, perpendicular to the keel, that helps maintain the beam (“breadth”) of a marine vessel against external water pressure and that may serve to support the rail."
],
"id": "en-thwart-en-noun-9VycB2lV",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"brace",
"brace#Noun"
],
[
"perpendicular",
"perpendicular#Adjective"
],
[
"keel",
"keel#Noun"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
],
[
"beam",
"beam#English"
],
[
"breadth",
"breadth"
],
[
"marine",
"marine"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"external",
"external"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure#Noun"
],
[
"support",
"support#Verb"
],
[
"rail",
"rail#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) A brace, perpendicular to the keel, that helps maintain the beam (“breadth”) of a marine vessel against external water pressure and that may serve to support the rail."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 95 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "brace perpendicular to the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ducht"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An act of thwarting; something which thwarts; a hindrance, an obstacle."
],
"id": "en-thwart-en-noun-wFp1MOMT",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
],
[
"thwarting",
"#Verb"
],
[
"hindrance",
"hindrance"
],
[
"obstacle",
"obstacle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) An act of thwarting; something which thwarts; a hindrance, an obstacle."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θwɔːt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-thwart.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga/En-uk-thwart.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga"
},
{
"enpr": "thwôrt",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θwɔɹt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)t"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lake Maria State Park",
"Middle English Dictionary",
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "thwart"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English prepositions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terkʷ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)t",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)t/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "athwart"
},
{
"word": "athwartship"
},
{
"word": "athwartships"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "þvert",
"t": "across, athwart"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwerhaz",
"t": "cross; adverse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þweraną",
"t": "to stir; to swirl; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þerh-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerh-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-",
"t": "to spin; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tvær",
"t": "sullen, sulky"
},
"expansion": "Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃",
"t": "angry"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tvert"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian tvert",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "þweres"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian þweres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "twars"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian twars",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "contrary; cross-grained"
},
"expansion": "Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þweorh",
"t": "transverse; perverse; angry, cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Old High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "quer",
"t": "crosswise; cross"
},
"expansion": "German quer (“crosswise; cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tvär",
"t": "across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þwerh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwerh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwerten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwerten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thwert",
"t": "in in thwert: crosswise"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Early Middle English thwert, thwerte, thuart, thurt, thurte, thwart, thwarte, twart, twarte, twhart, twhert, twort, þuert, þwerrt, þwert, þwerte, ðwert (“crosswise, transverse; counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate”), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).\nThe English adjective is cognate with Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”), Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”), Middle Dutch dwers, dwars (modern Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)), Norwegian tvert, tvært, Old Frisian þweres, dwers (Saterland Frisian twars, West Frisian dwers, dwerz (“across, to the other side of; beyond”)), Middle Low German dwers, dwars (Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)), Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”), Old High German twer (Middle High German twer, quer, modern German quer (“crosswise; cross”)), Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”). It is related to queer; also Proto-West Germanic *þwerh,\nThe adverb is derived from Middle English thwert, ywerte (“crosswise; across the grain”); the Middle English Dictionary suggests the adverb was derived from the adjective, while the Oxford English Dictionary notes that the adverb is attested earlier than the adjective.\nThe verb is derived from Middle English thwerten, thwert, thwarten, þwerten (“to lie across; to oppose, to thwart”), and further from the adverb and perhaps also the adjective.\nNoun sense 1 (“a seat across a boat on which a rower may sit”) may be derived from the adverb or adjective, from the position of the seat across the length of the boat, while noun sense 3 (“(rare) an act of thwarting”) is derived from the verb. Compare Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”), from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more thwart",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most thwart",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thwart (comparative more thwart, superlative most thwart)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "overthwart"
},
{
"word": "overthwartly"
},
{
"word": "overthwartness"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book VII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 768–773:",
"text": "Which elſe to ſeveral Sphears thou muſt aſcribe,\n Mov'd contrarie with thwart obliquities,\n Or ſave the Sun his labour, and that ſwift\n Nocturnal and Diurnal rhomb ſuppos'd,\n Inviſible elſe above all Starrs, the Wheele\n Of Day and Night; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Placed or situated across something else; cross, oblique, transverse."
],
"links": [
[
"Placed",
"place#Verb"
],
[
"situate",
"situate"
],
[
"across",
"across"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#Adjective"
],
[
"oblique",
"oblique"
],
[
"transverse",
"transverse"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1603–1606 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] His True Chronicle Historie of the Life and Death of King Lear and His Three Daughters. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Nathaniel Butter, […], published 1608, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:",
"text": "[…] harke Nature, heare deere Goddeſſe, ſuſpend thy purpoſe, if thou did'ſt intend to make this creature fruitful into her wombe, conuey ſterility, drie vp in hir the organs of increaſe, and from her derogate body neuer ſpring a babe to honour her, if ſhee muſt teeme, create her childe of ſpleene, that it may liue and bee a thourt diſuetur'd^([sic – meaning disnatured]) torment to her, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1605, Francis Bacon, “The First Booke”, in The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], →OCLC, folio 11, recto:",
"text": "[…] and it is without all controuerſie, that learning doth make the minds of men gentle, generous, maniable, and pliant to gouernment; whereas Ignorance makes them churliſh, thwart, and mutinous; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of people: having a tendency to oppose; obstinate, perverse, stubborn."
],
"links": [
[
"tendency",
"tendency"
],
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
],
[
"obstinate",
"obstinate"
],
[
"perverse",
"perverse"
],
[
"stubborn",
"stubborn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, dated) Of people: having a tendency to oppose; obstinate, perverse, stubborn."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cross-grained"
},
{
"word": "froward"
},
{
"word": "obstinate"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Of situations or things: adverse, unfavourable, unlucky."
],
"links": [
[
"adverse",
"adverse"
],
[
"unfavourable",
"unfavourable"
],
[
"unlucky",
"unlucky"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, dated) Of situations or things: adverse, unfavourable, unlucky."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "unpropitious"
},
{
"word": "untoward"
},
{
"word": "unlucky"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θwɔːt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-thwart.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga/En-uk-thwart.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga"
},
{
"enpr": "thwôrt",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θwɔɹt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)t"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kos",
"sense": "placed or situated across something else — see also oblique, transverse",
"word": "кос"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naprečen",
"sense": "placed or situated across something else — see also oblique, transverse",
"word": "напречен"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "placed or situated across something else — see also oblique, transverse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "příčný"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "placed or situated across something else — see also oblique, transverse",
"word": "poikittainen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "placed or situated across something else — see also oblique, transverse",
"word": "atravesado"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prečešt",
"sense": "having a tendency to oppose — see also obstinate, perverse",
"word": "пречещ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neblagoprijaten",
"sense": "having a tendency to oppose — see also obstinate, perverse",
"word": "неблагоприятен"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nepoddajuščijsja",
"sense": "having a tendency to oppose — see also obstinate, perverse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "неподдающийся"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having a tendency to oppose — see also obstinate, perverse",
"word": "contestatario"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Middle English Dictionary",
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "thwart"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English prepositions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terkʷ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)t",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)t/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "þvert",
"t": "across, athwart"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwerhaz",
"t": "cross; adverse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þweraną",
"t": "to stir; to swirl; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þerh-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerh-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-",
"t": "to spin; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tvær",
"t": "sullen, sulky"
},
"expansion": "Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃",
"t": "angry"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tvert"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian tvert",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "þweres"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian þweres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "twars"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian twars",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "contrary; cross-grained"
},
"expansion": "Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þweorh",
"t": "transverse; perverse; angry, cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Old High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "quer",
"t": "crosswise; cross"
},
"expansion": "German quer (“crosswise; cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tvär",
"t": "across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þwerh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwerh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwerten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwerten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thwert",
"t": "in in thwert: crosswise"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Early Middle English thwert, thwerte, thuart, thurt, thurte, thwart, thwarte, twart, twarte, twhart, twhert, twort, þuert, þwerrt, þwert, þwerte, ðwert (“crosswise, transverse; counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate”), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).\nThe English adjective is cognate with Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”), Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”), Middle Dutch dwers, dwars (modern Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)), Norwegian tvert, tvært, Old Frisian þweres, dwers (Saterland Frisian twars, West Frisian dwers, dwerz (“across, to the other side of; beyond”)), Middle Low German dwers, dwars (Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)), Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”), Old High German twer (Middle High German twer, quer, modern German quer (“crosswise; cross”)), Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”). It is related to queer; also Proto-West Germanic *þwerh,\nThe adverb is derived from Middle English thwert, ywerte (“crosswise; across the grain”); the Middle English Dictionary suggests the adverb was derived from the adjective, while the Oxford English Dictionary notes that the adverb is attested earlier than the adjective.\nThe verb is derived from Middle English thwerten, thwert, thwarten, þwerten (“to lie across; to oppose, to thwart”), and further from the adverb and perhaps also the adjective.\nNoun sense 1 (“a seat across a boat on which a rower may sit”) may be derived from the adverb or adjective, from the position of the seat across the length of the boat, while noun sense 3 (“(rare) an act of thwarting”) is derived from the verb. Compare Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”), from the adjective.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "thwart (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 701–706:",
"text": "With adverſe blaſt up-turns them from the South\n Notus and Afer black with thundrous Clouds\n From Serraliona; thwart of theſe as fierce\n Forth ruſh the Levant and the Ponent VVindes\n Eurus and Zephir with their lateral noiſe,\n Sirocco, and Libecchio.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Across the direction of travel or length of; athwart, crosswise, obliquely, transversely."
],
"links": [
[
"Across",
"across"
],
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"travel",
"travel#Noun"
],
[
"length",
"length"
],
[
"athwart",
"athwart"
],
[
"crosswise",
"crosswise"
],
[
"obliquely",
"obliquely"
],
[
"transversely",
"transversely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Across the direction of travel or length of; athwart, crosswise, obliquely, transversely."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θwɔːt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-thwart.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga/En-uk-thwart.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga"
},
{
"enpr": "thwôrt",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θwɔɹt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)t"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "koso",
"sense": "across the direction of travel or length of — see also athwart",
"word": "косо"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naprečno",
"sense": "across the direction of travel or length of — see also athwart",
"word": "напречно"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "across the direction of travel or length of — see also athwart",
"word": "napříč"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "across the direction of travel or length of — see also athwart",
"word": "křižmo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "across the direction of travel or length of — see also athwart",
"word": "poikittain"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Middle English Dictionary",
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "thwart"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English prepositions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terkʷ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)t",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)t/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "þvert",
"t": "across, athwart"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwerhaz",
"t": "cross; adverse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þweraną",
"t": "to stir; to swirl; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þerh-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerh-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-",
"t": "to spin; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tvær",
"t": "sullen, sulky"
},
"expansion": "Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃",
"t": "angry"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tvert"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian tvert",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "þweres"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian þweres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "twars"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian twars",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "contrary; cross-grained"
},
"expansion": "Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þweorh",
"t": "transverse; perverse; angry, cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Old High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "quer",
"t": "crosswise; cross"
},
"expansion": "German quer (“crosswise; cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tvär",
"t": "across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þwerh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwerh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwerten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwerten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thwert",
"t": "in in thwert: crosswise"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Early Middle English thwert, thwerte, thuart, thurt, thurte, thwart, thwarte, twart, twarte, twhart, twhert, twort, þuert, þwerrt, þwert, þwerte, ðwert (“crosswise, transverse; counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate”), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).\nThe English adjective is cognate with Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”), Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”), Middle Dutch dwers, dwars (modern Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)), Norwegian tvert, tvært, Old Frisian þweres, dwers (Saterland Frisian twars, West Frisian dwers, dwerz (“across, to the other side of; beyond”)), Middle Low German dwers, dwars (Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)), Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”), Old High German twer (Middle High German twer, quer, modern German quer (“crosswise; cross”)), Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”). It is related to queer; also Proto-West Germanic *þwerh,\nThe adverb is derived from Middle English thwert, ywerte (“crosswise; across the grain”); the Middle English Dictionary suggests the adverb was derived from the adjective, while the Oxford English Dictionary notes that the adverb is attested earlier than the adjective.\nThe verb is derived from Middle English thwerten, thwert, thwarten, þwerten (“to lie across; to oppose, to thwart”), and further from the adverb and perhaps also the adjective.\nNoun sense 1 (“a seat across a boat on which a rower may sit”) may be derived from the adverb or adjective, from the position of the seat across the length of the boat, while noun sense 3 (“(rare) an act of thwarting”) is derived from the verb. Compare Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”), from the adjective.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prepositions",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "thwart",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thwart",
"name": "en-prep"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English poetic terms",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Across, athwart."
],
"links": [
[
"Across",
"across"
],
[
"athwart",
"athwart"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or poetic) Across, athwart."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θwɔːt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-thwart.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga/En-uk-thwart.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga"
},
{
"enpr": "thwôrt",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θwɔɹt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)t"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Middle English Dictionary",
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "thwart"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English prepositions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terkʷ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)t",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)t/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "thwarter"
},
{
"word": "thwartsome"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "þvert",
"t": "across, athwart"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwerhaz",
"t": "cross; adverse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þweraną",
"t": "to stir; to swirl; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þerh-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerh-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-",
"t": "to spin; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tvær",
"t": "sullen, sulky"
},
"expansion": "Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃",
"t": "angry"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tvert"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian tvert",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "þweres"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian þweres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "twars"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian twars",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "contrary; cross-grained"
},
"expansion": "Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þweorh",
"t": "transverse; perverse; angry, cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Old High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "quer",
"t": "crosswise; cross"
},
"expansion": "German quer (“crosswise; cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tvär",
"t": "across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þwerh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwerh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwerten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwerten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thwert",
"t": "in in thwert: crosswise"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Early Middle English thwert, thwerte, thuart, thurt, thurte, thwart, thwarte, twart, twarte, twhart, twhert, twort, þuert, þwerrt, þwert, þwerte, ðwert (“crosswise, transverse; counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate”), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).\nThe English adjective is cognate with Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”), Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”), Middle Dutch dwers, dwars (modern Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)), Norwegian tvert, tvært, Old Frisian þweres, dwers (Saterland Frisian twars, West Frisian dwers, dwerz (“across, to the other side of; beyond”)), Middle Low German dwers, dwars (Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)), Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”), Old High German twer (Middle High German twer, quer, modern German quer (“crosswise; cross”)), Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”). It is related to queer; also Proto-West Germanic *þwerh,\nThe adverb is derived from Middle English thwert, ywerte (“crosswise; across the grain”); the Middle English Dictionary suggests the adverb was derived from the adjective, while the Oxford English Dictionary notes that the adverb is attested earlier than the adjective.\nThe verb is derived from Middle English thwerten, thwert, thwarten, þwerten (“to lie across; to oppose, to thwart”), and further from the adverb and perhaps also the adjective.\nNoun sense 1 (“a seat across a boat on which a rower may sit”) may be derived from the adverb or adjective, from the position of the seat across the length of the boat, while noun sense 3 (“(rare) an act of thwarting”) is derived from the verb. Compare Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”), from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thwarts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwarting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thwarted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thwarted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "glossary",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "thwart",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thwart (third-person singular simple present thwarts, present participle thwarting, simple past and past participle thwarted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "promote"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Our plans for a picnic were thwarted by the thunderstorm.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The police thwarted the would-be assassin.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1590, T[homas] L[odge], “Alindas Comfort to Perplexed Rosalynd”, in Rosalynde. Euphues Golden Legacie: […], London: […] Thomas Orwin for T. G[ubbin] and John Busbie, →OCLC; republished [Glasgow]: [ […] Hunterian Club], [1876], →OCLC, folio 13, verso, page 34:",
"text": "If thou grieueſt that beeing the daughter of a Prince, and enuie thwarteth thée with ſuch hard exigents, thinke that royaltie is a faire marke; that Crownes haue croſſes when mirth is in Cottages; that the fairer the Roſe is, the ſooner it is bitten with Catterpillers; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1662 November 9, Robert South, “[Sermon II] A Sermon Preached at the Cathedral-Church of St. Paul’s, November the 9th, 1662: Genesis i. 27. So God created Man in his own Image, in the Image of God created He him.”, in Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, 5th edition, volume I, London: Printed for Jonah Bowyer, […], published 1722, →OCLC, page 60:",
"text": "The Underſtanding and Will never diſagreed; for the Propoſals of the one never thwarted the Inclinations of the other.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1830, Walter Scott, “Auchindrane; or, The Ayrshire Tragedy”, in The Doom of Devorgoil, a Melo-drama; Auchindrane; or, The Ayrshire Tragedy, Edinburgh: […] [Ballantyne and Company] for Cadell and Company; London: Simpkin and Marshall, →OCLC, Act III, scene i, page 309:",
"text": "Hear ye the serf I bred, begin to reckon\n Upon his rights and pleasure! Who am I—\n Thou abject, who am I, whose will thou thwartest?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XLIV, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 361:",
"text": "Not unnaturally, \"Auntie\" took this communication in bad part. Thus outraged, she showed herself to be a bold as well as a furious virago. Next day she found her way to their lodgings and tried to recover her ward by the hair of the head. Then, thwarted, the wretched creature went to the police for help; she was versed in the law, and perhaps had spared no pains to keep on good terms with the local constabulary.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Peter Bondanella, “Wise Guys: Hollywood Italian Gangsters”, in Hollywood Italians: Dagos, Palookas, Romeos, Wise Guys, and Sopranos, New York, N.Y.: Continuum International Publishing Group, →ISBN, pages 231–232:",
"text": "The film ends with the colorful deaths of Nico's enemies after he thwarts their attempts to assassinate a U.S. Senator investigating ties between drug dealers and the CIA.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Edwin Black, “Power Struggle”, in Internal Combustion: How Corporations and Governments Addicted the World to Oil and Derailed the Alternatives, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN, →OL:",
"text": "More than a mere source of Promethean sustenance to thwart the cold and cook one's meat, wood was quite simply mankind's first industrial and manufacturing fuel.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011 December 10, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 1 – 0 Everton”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 2011-12-13:",
"text": "Everton were now firmly on the back foot and it required some sharp work from Johnny Heitinga and Phil Jagielka to thwart [Theo] Walcott and Thomas Vermaelen.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to fail; to frustrate, to prevent."
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"fail",
"fail"
],
[
"frustrate",
"frustrate"
],
[
"prevent",
"prevent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to fail; to frustrate, to prevent."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "balk#Verb"
},
{
"word": "foil#Verb_2"
},
{
"word": "spoil"
},
{
"word": "cross"
},
{
"word": "discomfit"
},
{
"word": "disconcert"
},
{
"word": "baffle"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To place (something) across (another thing); to position crosswise."
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place#Verb"
],
[
"across",
"across"
],
[
"position",
"position#Verb"
],
[
"crosswise",
"crosswise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To place (something) across (another thing); to position crosswise."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To hinder or obstruct by placing (something) in the way of; to block, to impede, to oppose."
],
"links": [
[
"hinder",
"hinder"
],
[
"obstruct",
"obstruct"
],
[
"block",
"block#Verb"
],
[
"impede",
"impede"
],
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, also figuratively, obsolete) To hinder or obstruct by placing (something) in the way of; to block, to impede, to oppose."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hinder"
}
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "An arrow thwarts the air.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 555–557:",
"text": "Thither came Uriel, gliding through the Eeven\n On a Sun beam, ſwift as a ſhooting Starr\n In Autumn thwarts the night, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move (something) across or counter to; to cross."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"move",
"move#Verb"
],
[
"counter",
"counter#Adjective"
],
[
"cross",
"cross#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive, obsolete) To move (something) across or counter to; to cross."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θwɔːt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-thwart.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga/En-uk-thwart.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga"
},
{
"enpr": "thwôrt",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θwɔɹt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)t"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "faššala",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "فَشَّلَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaḥbaṭa",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "أَحْبَطَ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "preča",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "преча"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "osuetjavam",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "осуетявам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "frustrar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "desbaratar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zǔnáo",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "阻撓 /阻挠"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "zmařit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "zkřížit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "překazit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "dwarsbomen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "pysäyttää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "taltuttaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "tehdä tyhjäksi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "contrecarrer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "contrarier"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "durchkreuzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "entgegenwirken"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "vereiteln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "konterkarieren"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mataióno",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "ματαιώνω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "sikél",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "סיכל"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "meghiúsít"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "sventare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "bloccare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "habamu",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "阻む"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "soshi suru",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "阻止する"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hai suru",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "排する"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jwajeolsikida",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "좌절시키다"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "pûç kirin"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "sekinandin"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "rawestandin"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "officio"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "whakahōtaetae"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "taupare"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "taitu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "ngihangiha"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "saad totgor bolox",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "саад тотгор болох"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "udaremniać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "pokrzyżować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "frustrar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "contrariar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mešát’ ispolnéniju",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "мешать исполнению"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prepjátstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "препя́тствовать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vosprepjátstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "воспрепя́тствовать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasstráivatʹ",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "расстра́ивать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasstróitʹ",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "расстро́ить"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "frustrar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "contrariar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "chasquear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "burlar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "hindra"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kàt-kwǎang",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "ขัดขวาง"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "akamete uğratmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "baltalamak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "karşı koymak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to prevent; to halt; to cause failure",
"word": "önlemeye çalışmak"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "presičam",
"sense": "to move across",
"word": "пресичам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move across",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "protnout"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move across",
"word": "halkaista"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to move across",
"word": "przecinać"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "peresekatʹ",
"sense": "to move across",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "пересекать"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Middle English Dictionary",
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "thwart"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English prepositions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terkʷ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)t",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)t/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "þvert",
"t": "across, athwart"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwerhaz",
"t": "cross; adverse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þweraną",
"t": "to stir; to swirl; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þerh-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þerh-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-",
"t": "to spin; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tvær",
"t": "sullen, sulky"
},
"expansion": "Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃",
"t": "angry"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tvert"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian tvert",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "þweres"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian þweres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "twars"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian twars",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dwers"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German dwers",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dwars",
"t": "contrary; cross-grained"
},
"expansion": "Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þweorh",
"t": "transverse; perverse; angry, cross"
},
"expansion": "Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Old High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "twer"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German twer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "quer",
"t": "crosswise; cross"
},
"expansion": "German quer (“crosswise; cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tvär",
"t": "across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þwerh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwerh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwert"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thwerten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwerten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thwert",
"t": "in in thwert: crosswise"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Early Middle English thwert, thwerte, thuart, thurt, thurte, thwart, thwarte, twart, twarte, twhart, twhert, twort, þuert, þwerrt, þwert, þwerte, ðwert (“crosswise, transverse; counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate”), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).\nThe English adjective is cognate with Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”), Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”), Middle Dutch dwers, dwars (modern Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)), Norwegian tvert, tvært, Old Frisian þweres, dwers (Saterland Frisian twars, West Frisian dwers, dwerz (“across, to the other side of; beyond”)), Middle Low German dwers, dwars (Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)), Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”), Old High German twer (Middle High German twer, quer, modern German quer (“crosswise; cross”)), Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”). It is related to queer; also Proto-West Germanic *þwerh,\nThe adverb is derived from Middle English thwert, ywerte (“crosswise; across the grain”); the Middle English Dictionary suggests the adverb was derived from the adjective, while the Oxford English Dictionary notes that the adverb is attested earlier than the adjective.\nThe verb is derived from Middle English thwerten, thwert, thwarten, þwerten (“to lie across; to oppose, to thwart”), and further from the adverb and perhaps also the adjective.\nNoun sense 1 (“a seat across a boat on which a rower may sit”) may be derived from the adverb or adjective, from the position of the seat across the length of the boat, while noun sense 3 (“(rare) an act of thwarting”) is derived from the verb. Compare Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”), from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thwarts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thwart (plural thwarts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Nautical"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The fisherman sat on the aft thwart to row.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "[1876–1879?], “Our Holiday. Rowing.—I.”, in The Popular Educator: A Complete Encyclopædia of Elementary, Advanced, and Technical Education, new and revised edition, volume IV, London, New York, N.Y.: Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, […], →OCLC, page 32, column 2:",
"text": "When taking his seat in a boat, the learner should first observe that the thwart is firmly fixed, and that the mat upon it is securely tied to that part of it which is farthest from his rowlock.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A seat across a boat on which a rower may sit."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"seat",
"seat#Noun"
],
[
"across",
"across"
],
[
"boat",
"boat#Noun"
],
[
"rower",
"rower"
],
[
"sit",
"sit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) A seat across a boat on which a rower may sit."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thaught"
},
{
"word": "thawt"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "thoft"
}
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Nautical"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A well-made dugout canoe rarely needs a thwart.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1773, “Of the Canoes and Navigation of the Inhabitants of New Zealand; […]”, in John Hawkesworth, editor, An Account of the Voyages Undertaken by the Order of His Present Majesty for Making Discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere, […] In Three Volumes, volume III, Printed for W[illiam] Strahan and T[homas] Cadell […], →OCLC, book II, page 58:",
"text": "A conſiderable number of thwarts were laid from gunwale to gunwale, to which they were ſecurely laſhed on each ſide, as a ſtrengthening to the boat [a canoe].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1800, Michael Symes, chapter VII, in An Account of an Embassy to the Kingdom of Ava, by the Governor-General of India, in the Year 1795, London: Printed by W[illiam] Bulmer and Co., […]; and sold by Messrs. G[eorge] and W[illiam] Nicol, […]; and J[ohn] Wright, […], →OCLC, page 223:",
"text": "My barge was sixty feet in length, and not more than twelve in the widest part; by taking away one thwart beam near the stern, laying a floor two feet below the gunwale, and raising an arched roof about seven feet above the floor, a commodious room was formed, fourteen feet long, and ten wide, with a closet behind it; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Cliff Jacobson, “Outfitting and Customizing Your Canoe”, in Canoeing Wild Rivers: The 30th Anniversary Guide to Expedition Canoeing in North America, 5th edition, Guildford, Conn., Helena, Mont.: Falcon Guides, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 66:",
"text": "I looked down into the Old Town [a canoe]; there was no yoke, only a straight ash thwart.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A brace, perpendicular to the keel, that helps maintain the beam (“breadth”) of a marine vessel against external water pressure and that may serve to support the rail."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"brace",
"brace#Noun"
],
[
"perpendicular",
"perpendicular#Adjective"
],
[
"keel",
"keel#Noun"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
],
[
"beam",
"beam#English"
],
[
"breadth",
"breadth"
],
[
"marine",
"marine"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"external",
"external"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure#Noun"
],
[
"support",
"support#Verb"
],
[
"rail",
"rail#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) A brace, perpendicular to the keel, that helps maintain the beam (“breadth”) of a marine vessel against external water pressure and that may serve to support the rail."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An act of thwarting; something which thwarts; a hindrance, an obstacle."
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
],
[
"thwarting",
"#Verb"
],
[
"hindrance",
"hindrance"
],
[
"obstacle",
"obstacle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) An act of thwarting; something which thwarts; a hindrance, an obstacle."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θwɔːt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-thwart.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga/En-uk-thwart.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/En-uk-thwart.oga"
},
{
"enpr": "thwôrt",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θwɔɹt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)t"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sedalka za grebeca",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "седалка за гребеца"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "fixed",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "piitta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "removable",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "tuhto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "banc"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "banco"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ruderbank"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "nohona waʻa"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "safsal",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "סַפְסַל"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "benko"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arcaccia"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "keretū"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "kīato"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "taumanu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"word": "paemanu"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "banc"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ławka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "banco"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bánka",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ба́нка"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tobhta"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "banco (de remeros)"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bancada"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "toft"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bánka",
"sense": "seat across a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ба́нка"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "brace perpendicular to the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ducht"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lake Maria State Park",
"Middle English Dictionary",
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "thwart"
}
Download raw JSONL data for thwart meaning in All languages combined (68.1kB)
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.