"oppress" meaning in All languages combined

See oppress on Wiktionary

Verb [English]

IPA: /əˈpɹɛs/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-oppress.wav [Southern-England] Forms: oppresses [present, singular, third-person], oppressing [participle, present], oppressed [participle, past], oppressed [past], no-table-tags [table-tags], oppress [infinitive]
Rhymes: -ɛs Etymology: From Middle English oppressen, from Old French oppresser, from Medieval Latin oppressare (“to press against, oppress”), frequentative of Latin opprimere, past participle oppressus (“to press against, press together, oppress”), from ob (“against”) + premere, past participle pressus (“to press”); see press. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|oppressen}} Middle English oppressen, {{der|en|fro|oppresser}} Old French oppresser, {{der|en|ML.|oppressare||to press against, oppress}} Medieval Latin oppressare (“to press against, oppress”), {{der|en|la|opprimere}} Latin opprimere, {{m|la|oppressus||to press against, press together, oppress}} oppressus (“to press against, press together, oppress”), {{m|la|ob||against}} ob (“against”), {{m|la|premere}} premere, {{m|la|pressus||to press}} pressus (“to press”), {{m|en|press}} press Head templates: {{en-verb}} oppress (third-person singular simple present oppresses, present participle oppressing, simple past and past participle oppressed) Inflection templates: {{en-conj|es|old=1}}
  1. (transitive) To keep down by unjust force. Tags: transitive Translations (keep down by unjust force): βαρύνω (barúnō) (Ancient Greek), اِسْتَضْعَفَ (istaḍʕafa) (Arabic), قَهَرَ (qahara) (Arabic), اِضْطَهَدَ (iḍṭahada) (Arabic), əzmək (Azerbaijani), sıxışdırmaq (Azerbaijani), təzyiq etmək (Azerbaijani), zülm etmək (Azerbaijani), zapaldu (Basque), потискам (potiskam) (Bulgarian), oprimir (Catalan), 壓迫 (Chinese Mandarin), 压迫 (yāpò) (Chinese Mandarin), utiskovat (Czech), undertrykke (Danish), onderdrukken (Dutch), subpremi (Esperanto), kontraŭpremi (Esperanto), sortaa (Finnish), alistaa (Finnish), opprimer (French), oprimir (Galician), ჩაგვრა (čagvra) (Georgian), შევიწროება (ševic̣roeba) (Georgian), unterdrücken (German), 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (kaurjan) (Gothic), jopy (Guaraní), elnyom (Hungarian), nyomorgat (Hungarian), sanyargat (Hungarian), opprimere (Italian), 圧迫する (appaku suru) (alt: あっぱくする) (Japanese), សង្កត់សង្កិន (sɑɑngkɑtsɑɑngkən) (Khmer), 압박하다 (apbakhada) (Korean), opprimō (Latin), nonope (Maori), aupēhi (Maori), kaupēhipēhi (Maori), tāmi (Maori), tātāmi (Maori), pēhi (Maori), whakawhiu (Maori), where (Maori), whakapēhi (Maori), ukandamiza (Ngazidja Comorian), udhulumu (Ngazidja Comorian), oprimir (Portuguese), asupri (Romanian), oprima (Romanian), притесня́ть (pritesnjátʹ) (Russian), oprimir (Spanish), nedtrycka (Swedish), mang-api (Tagalog), apihin (Tagalog), กดขี่ (gòt-kìi) (Thai), ข่มขี่ (Thai), གཉའ་གནོན་བཏང (gnya' gnon btang) (Tibetan), 𐎄𐎍𐎍 (dll) (Ugaritic), пригно́блювати (pryhnóbljuvaty) [imperfective] (Ukrainian), гноби́ти (hnobýty) [imperfective] (Ukrainian), гніти́ти (hnitýty) [imperfective] (Ukrainian), áp chế (Vietnamese)
    Sense id: en-oppress-en-verb-C0-Gblrw Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 60 10 23 7 Disambiguation of 'keep down by unjust force': 94 0 4 2
  2. (transitive) To make sad or gloomy. Tags: transitive Translations (to make sad or gloomy): угнетявам (ugnetjavam) (Bulgarian), ahdistaa (Finnish), masentaa (Finnish), oppresser (French), jopy (Guaraní), lehangol (Hungarian), lesújt (Hungarian), lever (Hungarian)
    Sense id: en-oppress-en-verb-q7Sjcf1K Disambiguation of 'to make sad or gloomy': 0 99 0 1
  3. (transitive, obsolete) Physically to press down on (someone) with harmful effects; to smother, crush. Tags: obsolete, transitive
    Sense id: en-oppress-en-verb-M~Hmg6kw
  4. (transitive, obsolete) To sexually violate; to rape. Tags: obsolete, transitive
    Sense id: en-oppress-en-verb-4SKWrQ15
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: oppression, oppressive

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for oppress meaning in All languages combined (13.1kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "oppressen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English oppressen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "oppresser"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French oppresser",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "oppressare",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to press against, oppress"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin oppressare (“to press against, oppress”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "opprimere"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin opprimere",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "oppressus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to press against, press together, oppress"
      },
      "expansion": "oppressus (“to press against, press together, oppress”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ob",
        "3": "",
        "4": "against"
      },
      "expansion": "ob (“against”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "premere"
      },
      "expansion": "premere",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pressus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to press"
      },
      "expansion": "pressus (“to press”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "press"
      },
      "expansion": "press",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English oppressen, from Old French oppresser, from Medieval Latin oppressare (“to press against, oppress”), frequentative of Latin opprimere, past participle oppressus (“to press against, press together, oppress”), from ob (“against”) + premere, past participle pressus (“to press”); see press.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "oppresses",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oppressing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oppressed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oppressed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oppress",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "oppress (third-person singular simple present oppresses, present participle oppressing, simple past and past participle oppressed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "op‧press"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "old": "1"
      },
      "name": "en-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "oppression"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "oppressive"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "60 10 23 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The rural poor were oppressed by the land-owners.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To keep down by unjust force."
      ],
      "id": "en-oppress-en-verb-C0-Gblrw",
      "links": [
        [
          "keep down",
          "keep down"
        ],
        [
          "unjust",
          "unjust"
        ],
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To keep down by unjust force."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "istaḍʕafa",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "اِسْتَضْعَفَ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "qahara",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "قَهَرَ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "iḍṭahada",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "اِضْطَهَدَ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "əzmək"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "sıxışdırmaq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "təzyiq etmək"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "zülm etmək"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "zapaldu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "potiskam",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "потискам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "oprimir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "壓迫"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "yāpò",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "压迫"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "utiskovat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "undertrykke"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "onderdrukken"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "subpremi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "kontraŭpremi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "sortaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "alistaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "opprimer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "oprimir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "čagvra",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "ჩაგვრა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ševic̣roeba",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "შევიწროება"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "unterdrücken"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "got",
          "lang": "Gothic",
          "roman": "kaurjan",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "barúnō",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "βαρύνω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "gn",
          "lang": "Guaraní",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "jopy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "elnyom"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "nyomorgat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "sanyargat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "opprimere"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "alt": "あっぱくする",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "appaku suru",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "圧迫する"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "sɑɑngkɑtsɑɑngkən",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "សង្កត់សង្កិន"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "apbakhada",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "압박하다"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "opprimō"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "nonope"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "aupēhi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "kaupēhipēhi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "tāmi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "tātāmi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "pēhi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "whakawhiu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "where"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "whakapēhi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "zdj",
          "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "ukandamiza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "zdj",
          "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "udhulumu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "oprimir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "asupri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "oprima"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pritesnjátʹ",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "притесня́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "oprimir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "nedtrycka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "mang-api"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "apihin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "gòt-kìi",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "กดขี่"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "ข่มขี่"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "gnya' gnon btang",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "གཉའ་གནོན་བཏང"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "uga",
          "lang": "Ugaritic",
          "roman": "dll",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "𐎄𐎍𐎍"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "pryhnóbljuvaty",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "пригно́блювати"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "hnobýty",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "гноби́ти"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "hnitýty",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "гніти́ти"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 0 4 2",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
          "word": "áp chế"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "We were oppressed by the constant grey skies.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make sad or gloomy."
      ],
      "id": "en-oppress-en-verb-q7Sjcf1K",
      "links": [
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "gloomy",
          "gloomy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make sad or gloomy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "ugnetjavam",
          "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
          "word": "угнетявам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "note": "painaa + genitive + mieltä",
          "sense": "to make sad or gloomy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
          "word": "ahdistaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
          "word": "masentaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
          "word": "oppresser"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0 1",
          "code": "gn",
          "lang": "Guaraní",
          "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
          "word": "jopy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
          "word": "lehangol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
          "word": "lesújt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
          "word": "lever"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Physically to press down on (someone) with harmful effects; to smother, crush."
      ],
      "id": "en-oppress-en-verb-M~Hmg6kw",
      "links": [
        [
          "smother",
          "smother"
        ],
        [
          "crush",
          "crush"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) Physically to press down on (someone) with harmful effects; to smother, crush."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To sexually violate; to rape."
      ],
      "id": "en-oppress-en-verb-4SKWrQ15",
      "links": [
        [
          "violate",
          "violate"
        ],
        [
          "rape",
          "rape"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) To sexually violate; to rape."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈpɹɛs/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛs"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-oppress.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oppress.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oppress.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oppress.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oppress.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "oppress"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛs/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "oppressen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English oppressen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "oppresser"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French oppresser",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "oppressare",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to press against, oppress"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin oppressare (“to press against, oppress”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "opprimere"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin opprimere",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "oppressus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to press against, press together, oppress"
      },
      "expansion": "oppressus (“to press against, press together, oppress”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ob",
        "3": "",
        "4": "against"
      },
      "expansion": "ob (“against”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "premere"
      },
      "expansion": "premere",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pressus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to press"
      },
      "expansion": "pressus (“to press”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "press"
      },
      "expansion": "press",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English oppressen, from Old French oppresser, from Medieval Latin oppressare (“to press against, oppress”), frequentative of Latin opprimere, past participle oppressus (“to press against, press together, oppress”), from ob (“against”) + premere, past participle pressus (“to press”); see press.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "oppresses",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oppressing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oppressed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oppressed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oppress",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "oppress (third-person singular simple present oppresses, present participle oppressing, simple past and past participle oppressed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "op‧press"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "old": "1"
      },
      "name": "en-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "oppression"
    },
    {
      "word": "oppressive"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The rural poor were oppressed by the land-owners.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To keep down by unjust force."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "keep down",
          "keep down"
        ],
        [
          "unjust",
          "unjust"
        ],
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To keep down by unjust force."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "We were oppressed by the constant grey skies.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make sad or gloomy."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "gloomy",
          "gloomy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make sad or gloomy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Physically to press down on (someone) with harmful effects; to smother, crush."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "smother",
          "smother"
        ],
        [
          "crush",
          "crush"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) Physically to press down on (someone) with harmful effects; to smother, crush."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To sexually violate; to rape."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "violate",
          "violate"
        ],
        [
          "rape",
          "rape"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) To sexually violate; to rape."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈpɹɛs/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛs"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-oppress.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oppress.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oppress.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oppress.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oppress.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "istaḍʕafa",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "اِسْتَضْعَفَ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "qahara",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "قَهَرَ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "iḍṭahada",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "اِضْطَهَدَ"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "əzmək"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "sıxışdırmaq"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "təzyiq etmək"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "zülm etmək"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "zapaldu"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "potiskam",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "потискам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "oprimir"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "壓迫"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "yāpò",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "压迫"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "utiskovat"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "undertrykke"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "onderdrukken"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "subpremi"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "kontraŭpremi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "sortaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "alistaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "opprimer"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "oprimir"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "čagvra",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "ჩაგვრა"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ševic̣roeba",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "შევიწროება"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "unterdrücken"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "roman": "kaurjan",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "barúnō",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "βαρύνω"
    },
    {
      "code": "gn",
      "lang": "Guaraní",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "jopy"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "elnyom"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "nyomorgat"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "sanyargat"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "opprimere"
    },
    {
      "alt": "あっぱくする",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "appaku suru",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "圧迫する"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "sɑɑngkɑtsɑɑngkən",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "សង្កត់សង្កិន"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "apbakhada",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "압박하다"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "opprimō"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "nonope"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "aupēhi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "kaupēhipēhi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "tāmi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "tātāmi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "pēhi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "whakawhiu"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "where"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "whakapēhi"
    },
    {
      "code": "zdj",
      "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "ukandamiza"
    },
    {
      "code": "zdj",
      "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "udhulumu"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "oprimir"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "asupri"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "oprima"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pritesnjátʹ",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "притесня́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "oprimir"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "nedtrycka"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "mang-api"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "apihin"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "gòt-kìi",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "กดขี่"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "ข่มขี่"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "gnya' gnon btang",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "གཉའ་གནོན་བཏང"
    },
    {
      "code": "uga",
      "lang": "Ugaritic",
      "roman": "dll",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "𐎄𐎍𐎍"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "pryhnóbljuvaty",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "пригно́блювати"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "hnobýty",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "гноби́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "hnitýty",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "гніти́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "keep down by unjust force",
      "word": "áp chế"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "ugnetjavam",
      "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
      "word": "угнетявам"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "note": "painaa + genitive + mieltä",
      "sense": "to make sad or gloomy"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
      "word": "ahdistaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
      "word": "masentaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
      "word": "oppresser"
    },
    {
      "code": "gn",
      "lang": "Guaraní",
      "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
      "word": "jopy"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
      "word": "lehangol"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
      "word": "lesújt"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to make sad or gloomy",
      "word": "lever"
    }
  ],
  "word": "oppress"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.