See a- on Wiktionary
{
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"name": "der"
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"args": {
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"2": "er-"
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"expansion": "German er-",
"name": "cog"
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],
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"text": "arise, await",
"type": "example"
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"text": "abide, amaze",
"type": "example"
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"Forming verbs with the sense of intensified action."
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"(no longer productive) Forming verbs with the sense of intensified action."
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{
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"text": "aglow, apace, afire, aboil, a-bling, abluster",
"type": "example"
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"type": "example"
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"(no longer productive) In, into. Also passing into sense 5."
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"text": "astern, abeam",
"type": "example"
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"text": "Come a-morning we are going hunting.",
"type": "example"
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"At such a time."
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"(archaic or dialectal) At such a time."
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{
"text": "hits a-poppin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "doins a-transpirin [doings a-transpiring]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1777, Thomas Arne, A-Hunting We Will Go:",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1780, The Twelve Days of Christmas",
"text": "The twelfth day of Christmas,\nMy true love sent to me\nTwelve lords a-leaping,\n…\nEight maids a-milking,\nSeven swans a-swimming,\nSix geese a-laying,"
},
{
"text": "circa 1850, Here We Come A-wassailing/Here We Come A-caroling\nHere we come a-wassailing\nAmong the leaves so green;\nHere we come a-wand’ring\nSo fair to be seen."
},
{
"ref": "1939, Alfred Edward Housman, Additional Poems, XIII, lines 6-7:",
"text": "Oh waste no words a-wooing\nThe soft sleep to your bed;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1964, Bob Dylan, \"The Times They Are a-Changin' \" (recorded 1963, released 1964)",
"text": "The order is rapidly fadin'\nAnd the first one now will later be last\nFor the times they are a-changin'"
},
{
"ref": "circa 1970, bumper sticker",
"text": "If the van’s a-rockin’, don’t come a-knockin’."
}
],
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"In the act or process of. Used in some dialects before a present participle."
],
"id": "en-a--en-prefix-en:doing",
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"(archaic or dialectal) In the act or process of. Used in some dialects before a present participle."
],
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"type": "example"
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"text": "I have a-seen a bird.",
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"text": "abash",
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"Forming words with the sense of wholly, or utterly out."
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"(no longer productive) Forming words with the sense of wholly, or utterly out."
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{
"text": "amoral, asymmetry, atheism, asexual, acyclic, atypical",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1948 (revised 1952), Robert Graves, The White Goddess, Faber & Faber 1999, page 7",
"text": "When invited to believe in the Chimaera, the horse-centaurs, or the winged horse Pegasus, all of them straightforward Pelasgian cult-symbols, a philosopher felt bound to reject them as a-zoölogical improbabilities …."
},
{
"ref": "2012, Faramerz Dabhoiwala, The Origins of Sex, Penguin, published 2013, page 191:",
"text": "If aroused outside the proper outlet of marriage, [female lust] could range out of control, turning its possessor into an a-feminine monster: that is what happened to fallen women.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"Not, without, opposite of."
],
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"not"
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],
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{
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"word": "an-"
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{
"sense": "not",
"word": "dys-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "i-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "il-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "im-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "ir-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "non-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "un-"
}
],
"tags": [
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],
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{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"code": "nl",
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{
"code": "fr",
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},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
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"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
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"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
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},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
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"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
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},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
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"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
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{
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{
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],
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"lang_code": "frp",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Franco-Provençal entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ORB",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Attaches to verbs, sometimes adding a sense of \"toward\"."
],
"id": "en-a--frp-prefix-7FKCEbKP",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "a-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French a-",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French a-, from Latin ad-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "fr-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A prefix forming words, especially verbs, that denote entering a state, making progress toward a goal, or the like."
],
"id": "en-a--fr-prefix-7cyA7XqG",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel; generalized from the many Latin borrowings using this prefix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "fr-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a-, non-, -less"
],
"id": "en-a--fr-prefix-9oA9tMQa",
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
],
[
"non-",
"non-"
],
[
"-less",
"-less"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese a-, from Latin ad-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 52 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + curto (“short”) + -ar → acurtar (“to shorten”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"added to adjective X, forms verbs meaning to make/turn X"
],
"id": "en-a--gl-prefix-C5J-nkfM",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 52 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + fervor (“passion”) + -ar → afervoar (“to excite”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"added to noun X, forms verbs meaning to cause or make X or to cause something to have X"
],
"id": "en-a--gl-prefix-8MlcBGow",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a- (not; without)"
],
"id": "en-a--gl-prefix-IxorGdE2",
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "in-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a- (not, without, opposite of)"
],
"id": "en-a--de-prefix-z3HWu~hB",
"links": [
[
"a-",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"audio": "De-a-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/De-a-.ogg/De-a-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/De-a-.ogg"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "sa",
"3": "अ-",
"t": "un-, not"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अ- (a-, “un-, not”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*a-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *a-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch a-",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*ə-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *ə-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Sanskrit अ- (a-, “un-, not”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *a-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.\n* Reinforced as borrowing from Dutch a-, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (form ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel), from Proto-Hellenic *ə-, from the same Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a- (not, without, opposite of)"
],
"id": "en-a--id-prefix-z3HWu~hB",
"links": [
[
"a-",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[a]"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately followed by a vowel).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a- (not, without, opposite of)"
],
"id": "en-a--ga-prefix-z3HWu~hB",
"links": [
[
"a-",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "before a palatalized consonant, both etymologies",
"word": "ai-"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ath- used before t"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ath- used before t"
],
"id": "en-a--ga-prefix-RXqRKwCw",
"links": [
[
"ath-",
"ath-#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "before a palatalized consonant, both etymologies",
"word": "ai-"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin ad-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin ad-",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin ad-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ad- (indicating direction)"
],
"id": "en-a--it-prefix-9eTnHxqT",
"links": [
[
"ad-",
"ad-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"it:a (prefisso)"
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a- (indicating lack or loss)"
],
"id": "en-a--it-prefix-d0~B7jH3",
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"before-vowel"
],
"word": "an-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"it:a (prefisso)"
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-jap",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japhug",
"lang_code": "sit-jap",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japhug entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"my"
],
"id": "en-a--sit-jap-prefix-A4RoUYrY",
"links": [
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kamnyu) my"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "aʑo"
},
{
"word": "aj"
},
{
"word": "aʑɯɣ"
},
{
"word": "nɤ-"
},
{
"word": "nɤʑo"
},
{
"word": "nɤj"
},
{
"word": "nɤʑɯɣ"
},
{
"word": "ɯ-"
},
{
"word": "ɯʑo"
},
{
"word": "ɯʑɤɣ"
},
{
"word": "tɕi-"
},
{
"word": "tɕiʑo"
},
{
"word": "tɕiʑɤɣ"
},
{
"word": "ndʑi-"
},
{
"word": "ndʑiʑo"
},
{
"word": "ndʑiʑɤɣ"
},
{
"word": "ʑɤni"
},
{
"word": "ʑɤniɣɯ"
},
{
"word": "i-"
},
{
"word": "iʑo"
},
{
"word": "iʑora"
},
{
"word": "iʑɤra"
},
{
"word": "iʑɤɣ"
},
{
"word": "iʑɤra ɣɯ"
},
{
"word": "nɯ-"
},
{
"word": "nɯʑo"
},
{
"word": "nɯʑora"
},
{
"word": "nɯʑɤra"
},
{
"word": "nɯʑɤɣ"
},
{
"word": "nɯʑɤra ɣɯ"
},
{
"word": "ʑara"
},
{
"word": "ʑaraɣ"
},
{
"word": "ʑara ɣɯ"
},
{
"word": "tɯ-"
},
{
"word": "tɯʑo"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "ā-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ā-"
},
"expansion": "ā-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ab-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ab-"
],
"id": "en-a--la-prefix-k3w63gjz",
"links": [
[
"ab-",
"ab-#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From ad (“towards”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ad-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + scandere (“climb”) → ascendere (“climb up, go up; rise, spring up”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + scrībere (“write”) → ascrībere (“state in writing, add in writing; insert; appoint, enroll, enfranchise, reckon, number”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + spīrāre (“breathe”) → aspīrāre (“breathe or blow upon; am favorable to, assist, favor, aid; aspire or desire (to); approach, come near (to)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + specere (“observe, look at”) → aspicere (“look at or towards, behold; regard, respect; observe, notice; examine, inspect; consider, ponder”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + stringere (“press, tighten, compress”) → astringere (“draw close, bind or tie together; tighten, contract; check, restrain; oblige, necessitate”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + struere (“compose, construct, build; ready, prepare; place, arrange”) → astruere (“build near or to a thing, erect; build on, heap; build an additional structure”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ad-"
],
"id": "en-a--la-prefix-30LAToSg",
"links": [
[
"ad-",
"ad-#Latin"
]
],
"qualifier": "Before a word beginning with sc",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Before a word beginning with sc, sp or st) Alternative form of ad-"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Via other European languages, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "lv-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 4 2 2 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 4 3 2 4 3 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 2 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 1 0 0 1 0 2 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + seksuāls → aseksuāls",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not, not having, without, opposite of."
],
"id": "en-a--lv-prefix-LuTj-mQz",
"links": [
[
"Not",
"not"
],
[
"not",
"not"
],
[
"having",
"have"
],
[
"without",
"without"
],
[
"opposite",
"opposite"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[a]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-a-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/Lv-riga-a-.ogg/Lv-riga-a-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Lv-riga-a-.ogg"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "moh",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mohawk",
"lang_code": "moh",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mohawk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"irrealis prefix"
],
"id": "en-a--moh-prefix-evmreU-R",
"links": [
[
"irrealis",
"irrealis#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "cislocative; before s- and t- ()",
"tags": [
"iterative"
],
"word": "aon-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "huu",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Murui Huitoto",
"lang_code": "huu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Murui Huitoto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form a few adverbs signifying a location or motion from or to above."
],
"id": "en-a--huu-prefix-asGH74ZP",
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) Used to form a few adverbs signifying a location or motion from or to above."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "aa"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[a-]"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Navajo entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Navajo pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"someone's, people's"
],
"id": "en-a--nv-prefix-YanC61IQ",
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "shi-"
},
{
"word": "nihi-"
},
{
"word": "danihi-"
},
{
"word": "ni-"
},
{
"word": "á-"
},
{
"word": "ał-"
},
{
"word": "ahił-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin ad-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin ad-",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin ad-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Neapolitan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"compare Italian a-"
],
"id": "en-a--nap-prefix-btgBVGQ4",
"links": [
[
"Italian",
"w:Italian language"
],
[
"a-",
"a-#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nd",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gá-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gá-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gá-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wa-",
"tags": [
"medial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nd",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "medial",
"4": "wa-",
"cat2": "subject concords"
},
"expansion": "a- (medial wa-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nd",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 27 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 22 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Ndebele relative concords",
"parents": [
"Relative concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Ndebele subject concords",
"parents": [
"Subject concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"they; class 6 subject concord."
],
"id": "en-a--nd-prefix-puFBbSU3",
"links": [
[
"they",
"they"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nd",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gáá-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gáá-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gáá-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nd",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "possessive concords"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nd",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 22 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Ndebele relative concords",
"parents": [
"Relative concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Ndebele possessive concords",
"parents": [
"Possessive concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of; class 6 possessive concord."
],
"id": "en-a--nd-prefix-V-xRapxK",
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nd",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "relative concords"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nd",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 22 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Ndebele relative concords",
"parents": [
"Relative concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 6 relative concord."
],
"id": "en-a--nd-prefix-HfprQnPg",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "la",
"3": "a"
},
"expansion": "Latin a",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Α",
"t": "alpha"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "phn",
"3": "𐤀"
},
"expansion": "Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "egy",
"3": "𓃾"
},
"expansion": "Egyptian 𓃾",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the first letter of the Norwegian alphabet a, from Latin a, from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), likely through the Etruscan language, from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ), from Proto-Canaanite , from Proto-Sinaitic , from Egyptian 𓃾.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a-"
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + lag → a-lag",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating the first or best in something"
],
"id": "en-a--nb-prefix-nb:first",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"best",
"best"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nb:first"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "a"
},
{
"word": "A-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑː/"
},
{
"audio": "Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «A», «a».ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABA%C2%BB%2C_%C2%ABa%C2%BB.ogg/Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABA%C2%BB%2C_%C2%ABa%C2%BB.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABA%C2%BB%2C_%C2%ABa%C2%BB.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː"
},
{
"homophone": "A"
},
{
"homophone": "a"
},
{
"homophone": "A-"
},
{
"homophone": "à"
},
{
"homophone": "ah"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-",
"4": "",
"5": "not, without"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not, without”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*ə-",
"4": "",
"5": "un-, not; without, lacking"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *ə- (“un-, not; without, lacking”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-",
"4": "",
"5": "not, un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not, un-”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "u-"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of u-",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not, without”), from Proto-Hellenic *ə- (“un-, not; without, lacking”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not, un-”). Doublet of u-.\nCompare an- (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + politisk (“political”) → apolitisk (“apolitical”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + sosial (“social”) → asosial (“asocial”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + symmetrisk (“symmetrical”) → asymmetrisk (“asymmetrical”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + gnostiker (“gnostic”) → agnostiker (“agnostic”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a- (not, without, opposite of)"
],
"id": "en-a--nb-prefix-nb:not",
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nb:not"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "a"
},
{
"word": "an-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "atom-"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of atom-",
"name": "clipping"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἄτομος",
"4": "",
"5": "indivisible, uncut, undivided"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible, uncut, undivided”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "en",
"3": "atomic bomb"
},
"expansion": "English atomic bomb",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of atom-, from the noun atom (“atom”), from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible, uncut, undivided”), whereas atombombe is a calque of English atomic bomb.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "atom-"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + bombe → a-bombe",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for atom-."
],
"id": "en-a--nb-prefix-nb:atom",
"links": [
[
"atom-",
"atom-#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nb:atom"
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-",
"t": "not, without"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not, without”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a- (not, without)"
],
"id": "en-a--nn-prefix-gmGeyk0n",
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: a-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: a-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "English: a-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: a-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*uʀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ar-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "er-"
},
"expansion": "German er-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an earlier form ar-, from Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz-. Cognate with Old High German ar-, ir- (German er-).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ā-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ā-",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ā-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "ā-"
},
"expansion": "ā-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to take away, to remove",
"text": "āniman",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from, away, off, out"
],
"id": "en-a--ang-prefix-wD8jPquj",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"off",
"off"
],
[
"out",
"out"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ar-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑː/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ad, which was often reduced to a- in compounds.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"indicating movement towards something"
],
"id": "en-a--fro-prefix-KHIUfKPc",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 4 2 2 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 4 3 2 4 3 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 2 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 1 0 0 1 0 2 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 1 2 0 1 1 2 0 2 2 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 3 2 1 3 3 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 2 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 5 4 2 0 0 1 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 3 0 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 80 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating a change of state"
],
"id": "en-a--fro-prefix-GCWHPHZy",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) indicating a change of state"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"intensifying prefix"
],
"id": "en-a--fro-prefix-VKotgAUy",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "es-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of es-"
],
"id": "en-a--fro-prefix-lTyCo4jk",
"links": [
[
"es-",
"es-#Old_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "class A infixed pronoun",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "a- (class A infixed pronoun)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "A"
},
"expansion": "a- (class A infixed pronoun)",
"name": "sga-infixed pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "1 sing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "m-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dom-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dam-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "2 sing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "t-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dot-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dat-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dut-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dit-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ut"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "3 sing. m."
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "a-N"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "e-N"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "d-N"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "id-N"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "did-N"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-it"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "3 sing. f."
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "s-(N)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "da-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-us"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "3 sing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "a-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "e-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "d-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "id-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "did-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "1 pl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "n-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "don-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dun-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dan-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-unn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "2 pl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "b-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dob-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dub-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dab-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-uib"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "3 pl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"eclipsis"
],
"word": "L means this form triggers lenition.N means this form triggers nasalization(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others."
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish personal pronouns",
"parents": [
"Personal pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"him (triggers eclipsis)"
],
"id": "en-a--sga-prefix-OKdBff40",
"links": [
[
"him",
"him"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-A",
"infix",
"morpheme",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"it (triggers lenition)"
],
"id": "en-a--sga-prefix-RXEIjZCc",
"links": [
[
"it",
"it"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-A",
"infix",
"morpheme",
"pronoun"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 42 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"active verb forming"
],
"id": "en-a--kaw-prefix-RVMRM3gv",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "(m)aN-"
},
{
"word": "-um-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 42 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"adjective forming"
],
"id": "en-a--kaw-prefix-uxV~SSrJ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "sa",
"3": "अ-",
"t": "un-, not"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Sanskrit अ- (a-, “un-, not”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Sanskrit अ- (a-, “un-, not”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 42 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"un-, not"
],
"id": "en-a--kaw-prefix-91bXtNmE",
"links": [
[
"un-",
"un-"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Old English a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ar-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "er-"
},
"expansion": "German er-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an earlier form ar-, from Proto-Germanic *uz-. Cognate with Old English a-, Old High German ar-, ir- (German er-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "a-"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forming words with the sense from, away, out, off, e.g. animan"
],
"id": "en-a--osx-prefix-t2CB9zn9",
"links": [
[
"animan",
"animan#Old_Saxon"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑː/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-phu",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gá-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gá-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gá-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wa-",
"tags": [
"medial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-phu",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "medial",
"4": "wa-",
"cat2": "subject concords"
},
"expansion": "a- (medial wa-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Phuthi",
"lang_code": "bnt-phu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Phuthi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Phuthi subject concords",
"parents": [
"Subject concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"they; class 6 subject concord."
],
"id": "en-a--bnt-phu-prefix-puFBbSU3",
"links": [
[
"they",
"they"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + społeczny → aspołeczny",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forming words with the sense of negation, a-"
],
"id": "en-a--pl-prefix-AhPoHl-0",
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "an-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
},
{
"homophone": "a"
},
{
"homophone": "-a"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese a-, from Latin ad-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 52 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + vermelho (“red”) + -ar → avermelhar (“to redden”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + baixo (“low”) + -ar → abaixar (“to lower”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"added to adjective X, forms verbs meaning to make/turn X"
],
"id": "en-a--pt-prefix-C5J-nkfM",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 52 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + pavor (“dread”) + -ar → apavorar (“to frighten”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + fama (“fame”) + -ar → afamar (“to make famous”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"added to noun X, forms verbs meaning to cause or make X or to cause something to have X"
],
"id": "en-a--pt-prefix-8MlcBGow",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌa/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"homophone": "A"
},
{
"homophone": "a"
},
{
"homophone": "à"
},
{
"homophone": "há"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a- (not; without)"
],
"id": "en-a--pt-prefix-IxorGdE2",
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "in-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌa/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"homophone": "A"
},
{
"homophone": "a"
},
{
"homophone": "à"
},
{
"homophone": "há"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "la-cla",
"3": "itc-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "la-cla",
"3": "ad-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Classical Latin ad-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "la-cla",
"3": "ad-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Classical Latin ad-",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Classical Latin ad-, from the preposition ad (“to, towards”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sardinian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ad- (toward, to, tendency)"
],
"id": "en-a--sc-prefix-nIWpngA4",
"links": [
[
"ad-",
"ad-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-",
"t": "on"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a- (“on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "an",
"t": "on"
},
"expansion": "Middle English an (“on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "an",
"t": "on"
},
"expansion": "Old English an (“on”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a- (“on”), derived from unstressed Middle English an (“on”), from Old English an (“on”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "aback, agley, agrufe, athort, atween"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on"
],
"id": "en-a--sco-prefix-uNMehScl",
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "of-",
"t": "off"
},
"expansion": "Old English of- (“off”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a-, from Old English of- (“off”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "adoon"
}
],
"glosses": [
"off"
],
"id": "en-a--sco-prefix-tNxm3egG",
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "non",
"3": "at-",
"t": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse at- (“to”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse at- (“to”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "adae, agae"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to"
],
"id": "en-a--sco-prefix-Zj6hv~~l",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-",
"t": "up, out, away"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a- (“up, out, away”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ā-"
},
"expansion": "Old English ā-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-",
"t": "out-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out-”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a- (“up, out, away”), from Old English ā-, originally *ar-, *or-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out-”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "abide, arise"
}
],
"glosses": [
"away from"
],
"id": "en-a--sco-prefix-4LNIQAUn",
"links": [
[
"away",
"away"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "and-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English and-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "and-",
"t": "against, back"
},
"expansion": "Old English and- (“against, back”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*andi-",
"t": "across, opposite, against, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *andi- (“across, opposite, against, away”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English and-, from Old English and- (“against, back”), from Proto-Germanic *andi- (“across, opposite, against, away”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 24 46 0 0 6 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "alang"
}
],
"glosses": [
"against, opposite"
],
"id": "en-a--sco-prefix-oerfpC8j",
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
],
[
"opposite",
"opposite"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ane",
"t": "one"
},
"expansion": "Old English ane (“one”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a-, from Old English ane (“one”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "awhile"
}
],
"glosses": [
"one"
],
"id": "en-a--sco-prefix-dpLDrTVA",
"links": [
[
"one",
"one"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_text": "From ah!",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "aweel, alake"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ah"
],
"id": "en-a--sco-prefix-cKDVGY67",
"links": [
[
"ah",
"ah"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 8,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "frm",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French a-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad",
"t": "towards"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad (“towards”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a-, from Middle French a-, from Latin ad (“towards”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "avise"
}
],
"glosses": [
"towards"
],
"id": "en-a--sco-prefix-lBxB~72m",
"links": [
[
"towards",
"towards"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 9,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab",
"t": "of, off, from, away"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab (“of, off, from, away”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab (“of, off, from, away”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "assoilzie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"away from"
],
"id": "en-a--sco-prefix-4LNIQAUn1",
"links": [
[
"away",
"away"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-",
"t": "un-, not"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“un-, not”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ne"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of ne",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“un-, not”), zero-grade form of *ne (“not”). Doublet of ne.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "а-",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a- (Cyrillic spelling а-)",
"name": "sh-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + sȍcijālan → ȁsocijālan",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + simètrija → asimètrija",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + brahija → abrahija",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Prefix prepended to words to denote a negation, deprivation or absence of a property denoted by base word."
],
"id": "en-a--sh-prefix-0BYiBjwd",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bez-"
},
{
"word": "ne-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nr",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gá-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gá-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gá-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wa-",
"tags": [
"medial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nr",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "medial",
"4": "wa-",
"cat2": "subject concords"
},
"expansion": "a- (medial wa-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 27 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 22 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Ndebele relative concords",
"parents": [
"Relative concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Ndebele subject concords",
"parents": [
"Subject concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"they; class 6 subject concord."
],
"id": "en-a--nr-prefix-puFBbSU3",
"links": [
[
"they",
"they"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nr",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gáá-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gáá-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gáá-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nr",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "possessive concords"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 22 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Ndebele relative concords",
"parents": [
"Relative concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Ndebele possessive concords",
"parents": [
"Possessive concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of; class 6 possessive concord."
],
"id": "en-a--nr-prefix-V-xRapxK",
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nr",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "relative concords"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 22 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Ndebele relative concords",
"parents": [
"Relative concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 6 relative concord."
],
"id": "en-a--nr-prefix-HfprQnPg",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin ad-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin ad-",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin ad-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms words, especially verbs, that denote entering a state, making progress toward a goal, or the like"
],
"id": "en-a--es-prefix-7EA6GvDn",
"related": [
{
"word": "en-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel; generalized from the many Latin borrowings using this prefix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a-, non-, -less"
],
"id": "en-a--es-prefix-9oA9tMQa",
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
],
[
"non-",
"non-"
],
[
"-less",
"-less"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*à-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *à-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *à-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ha-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"she, he; 3rd person singular ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]) subject concord"
],
"id": "en-a--sw-prefix-HC15g0M0",
"links": [
[
"she",
"she"
],
[
"he",
"he"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "mimi"
},
{
"word": "ni-"
},
{
"word": "si-"
},
{
"word": "-ni-"
},
{
"word": "nami"
},
{
"word": "na mimi"
},
{
"word": "ndimi"
},
{
"word": "ndiye"
},
{
"word": "simi"
},
{
"word": "siye"
},
{
"word": "-angu"
},
{
"word": "wewe"
},
{
"word": "u-"
},
{
"word": "hu-"
},
{
"word": "-ku-"
},
{
"word": "nawe"
},
{
"word": "na wewe"
},
{
"word": "ndiwe"
},
{
"word": "siwe"
},
{
"word": "-ako"
},
{
"word": "yeye"
},
{
"word": "yu-"
},
{
"word": "ha-"
},
{
"word": "hayu-"
},
{
"word": "-m-"
},
{
"word": "-mw-"
},
{
"word": "-mu-"
},
{
"word": "naye"
},
{
"word": "na yeye"
},
{
"word": "-ake"
},
{
"word": "sisi"
},
{
"word": "tu-"
},
{
"word": "hatu-"
},
{
"word": "-tu-"
},
{
"word": "nasi"
},
{
"word": "na sisi"
},
{
"word": "ndisi"
},
{
"word": "ndio"
},
{
"word": "sio"
},
{
"word": "-etu"
},
{
"word": "ninyi"
},
{
"word": "m-"
},
{
"word": "mw-"
},
{
"word": "mu-"
},
{
"word": "ham-"
},
{
"word": "hamw-"
},
{
"word": "hamu-"
},
{
"word": "-wa-"
},
{
"word": "nanyi"
},
{
"word": "na ninyi"
},
{
"word": "ndinyi"
},
{
"word": "sinyi"
},
{
"word": "-enu"
},
{
"word": "wao"
},
{
"word": "wa-"
},
{
"word": "hawa-"
},
{
"word": "nao"
},
{
"word": "-ao"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "-ji-"
},
{
"word": "For a full table including other classes"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "+ -a- (“3rd person singular ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]) gnomic”)",
"word": "a-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Contraction of a- + -a- (“3rd person singular ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]) gnomic”)."
],
"id": "en-a--sw-prefix-z2L-5W44",
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#Swahili"
],
[
"-a-",
"-a-#Swahili"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"contraction",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*à-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *à-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *à-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ka-",
"tags": [
"medial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "medial",
"4": "ka-",
"cat2": "subject concords"
},
"expansion": "a- (medial ka-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swazi",
"lang_code": "ss",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "83 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swazi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swazi subject concords",
"parents": [
"Subject concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"he, she, it; class 1 subject concord, used in the subjunctive and potential mood."
],
"id": "en-a--ss-prefix-ADwomZSY",
"links": [
[
"he",
"he"
],
[
"she",
"she"
],
[
"it",
"it"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "in other cases",
"word": "u-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gá-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gá-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gá-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wa-",
"tags": [
"medial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "medial",
"4": "wa-",
"cat2": "subject concords"
},
"expansion": "a- (medial wa-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swazi",
"lang_code": "ss",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swazi subject concords",
"parents": [
"Subject concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"they; class 6 subject concord."
],
"id": "en-a--ss-prefix-puFBbSU3",
"links": [
[
"they",
"they"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gáá-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gáá-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gáá-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "possessive concords"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swazi",
"lang_code": "ss",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 27 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swazi possessive concords",
"parents": [
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"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of; class 6 possessive concord."
],
"id": "en-a--ss-prefix-V-xRapxK",
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "es",
"3": "a"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Spanish a",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish a, from Latin ad.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜀ",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "a- (Baybayin spelling ᜀ)",
"name": "tl-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a-"
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I'll go to you at the first of March.",
"text": "Puntahan kita sa a-primero ng Marso.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It is payday every 15ᵗʰ of every month.",
"text": "Sahuran tuwing a-kinse ng bawat buwan.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Yesterday was the 31ˢᵗ.",
"text": "A-treynta y uno kahapon.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at (indicating time)"
],
"id": "en-a--tl-prefix-h8hIFRBE",
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔa/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɐ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "á-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜀ",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
},
{
"form": "Mindoro",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"2": "á-",
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "á- (Baybayin spelling ᜀ)",
"name": "tl-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a-"
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mindoro Tagalog",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms contemplative aspect forms for verbs in the object or directional trigger"
],
"id": "en-a--tl-prefix-3denrYJY",
"related": [
{
"word": "ga-"
},
{
"word": "maga-"
},
{
"word": "naga-"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʔa/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʔaː]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ttj",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*à-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *à-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *à-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ttj",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "subject concords"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tooro",
"lang_code": "ttj",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
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"name": "Tooro subject concords",
"parents": [
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"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + -kora (“to do”) → akora (“he/she does”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"he, she; class 1 subject concord"
],
"id": "en-a--ttj-prefix-QuTkBlyy",
"links": [
[
"he",
"he"
],
[
"she",
"she"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "nyowe"
},
{
"word": "nye"
},
{
"word": "-ange"
},
{
"word": "n-"
},
{
"word": "-n-"
},
{
"word": "nanyowe"
},
{
"word": "nanye"
},
{
"word": "ninyowe"
},
{
"word": "ninye"
},
{
"word": "iwe"
},
{
"word": "-awe"
},
{
"word": "o-"
},
{
"word": "-ku-"
},
{
"word": "naiwe"
},
{
"word": "niiwe"
},
{
"word": "uwe"
},
{
"word": "-e"
},
{
"word": "-mu-"
},
{
"word": "nawe"
},
{
"word": "nuwe"
},
{
"word": "itwe"
},
{
"word": "-aitu"
},
{
"word": "tu-"
},
{
"word": "-tu-"
},
{
"word": "naitwe"
},
{
"word": "niitwe"
},
{
"word": "inywe"
},
{
"word": "-anyu"
},
{
"word": "mu-"
},
{
"word": "-ba-"
},
{
"word": "nainywe"
},
{
"word": "niinywe"
},
{
"word": "abo"
},
{
"word": "-abo"
},
{
"word": "ba-"
},
{
"word": "nabo"
},
{
"word": "nubo"
},
{
"word": "gwo"
},
{
"word": "-agwo"
},
{
"word": "gu-"
},
{
"word": "-gu-"
},
{
"word": "nagwo"
},
{
"word": "nugwo"
},
{
"word": "yo"
},
{
"word": "-ayo"
},
{
"word": "e-"
},
{
"word": "-gi-"
},
{
"word": "nayo"
},
{
"word": "niyo"
},
{
"word": "lyo"
},
{
"word": "-alyo"
},
{
"word": "li-"
},
{
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"word": "nalyo"
},
{
"word": "niryo"
},
{
"word": "go"
},
{
"word": "-ago"
},
{
"word": "ga-"
},
{
"word": "-ga-"
},
{
"word": "nago"
},
{
"word": "nugo"
},
{
"word": "kyo"
},
{
"word": "-akyo"
},
{
"word": "ki-"
},
{
"word": "-ki-"
},
{
"word": "nakyo"
},
{
"word": "nikyo"
},
{
"word": "byo"
},
{
"word": "-abyo"
},
{
"word": "bi-"
},
{
"word": "-bi-"
},
{
"word": "nabyo"
},
{
"word": "nibyo"
},
{
"word": "zo"
},
{
"word": "-azo"
},
{
"word": "zi-"
},
{
"word": "-zi-"
},
{
"word": "nazo"
},
{
"word": "nizo"
},
{
"word": "rwo"
},
{
"word": "-arwo"
},
{
"word": "ru-"
},
{
"word": "-ru-"
},
{
"word": "narwo"
},
{
"word": "nurwo"
},
{
"word": "ko"
},
{
"word": "-ako"
},
{
"word": "ka-"
},
{
"word": "-ka-"
},
{
"word": "nako"
},
{
"word": "nuko"
},
{
"word": "two"
},
{
"word": "-atwo"
},
{
"word": "natwo"
},
{
"word": "nutwo"
},
{
"word": "bwo"
},
{
"word": "-abwo"
},
{
"word": "bu-"
},
{
"word": "-bu-"
},
{
"word": "nabwo"
},
{
"word": "nubwo"
},
{
"word": "kwo"
},
{
"word": "-akwo"
},
{
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"word": "nakwo"
},
{
"word": "nukwo"
},
{
"word": "ho"
},
{
"word": "-aho"
},
{
"word": "ha-"
},
{
"word": "-ha-"
},
{
"word": "naho"
},
{
"word": "nuho"
},
{
"word": "N/A"
},
{
"word": "ha-(...-yo)"
},
{
"word": "-amwo"
},
{
"word": "ha-(...-mu)"
},
{
"word": "numwo"
},
{
"word": "-enyini"
},
{
"word": "-onyini"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "-e-"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "before -a- or subjunctive -e-",
"word": "y-"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"in other cases"
],
"tags": [
"before-vowel"
],
"word": "ay-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a-/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "ha-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation",
"prothesis-h"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 47 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + trist (“sad”) → athrist (“very sad, sorrowful”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + traidd (“piercing, penetration”) → athraidd (“permeable”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word"
],
"id": "en-a--cy-prefix-QF~w6svS",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gá-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gá-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gá-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wa-",
"tags": [
"medial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "medial",
"4": "wa-",
"cat2": "subject concords"
},
"expansion": "a- (medial wa-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 27 31 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Xhosa entries with incorrect language header",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Xhosa subject concords",
"parents": [
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"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"they; class 6 subject concord."
],
"id": "en-a--xh-prefix-puFBbSU3",
"links": [
[
"they",
"they"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gáá-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gáá-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gáá-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "possessive concords"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 27 31 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Xhosa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Xhosa possessive concords",
"parents": [
"Possessive concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of; class 6 possessive concord."
],
"id": "en-a--xh-prefix-V-xRapxK",
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "relative concords"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 27 31 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Xhosa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Xhosa relative concords",
"parents": [
"Relative concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 6 relative concord."
],
"id": "en-a--xh-prefix-HfprQnPg",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*nkà-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *nkà-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *nkà-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"not"
],
"id": "en-a--xh-prefix-JUu5e1fx",
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mch-personal prefixes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ewü",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "y-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "∅-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "w-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"first-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "w-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"first-person",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wi-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"first-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wi-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"first-person",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"form": "küwü",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"intransitive",
"patient-like"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"postpositional"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"intransitive",
"patient-like"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"postpositional"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"intransitive",
"patient-like"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"postpositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"intransitive",
"patient-like"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"postpositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kii-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "amödö",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "öy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "öy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "öy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "öy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "öy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "ödh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ödh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ödh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ödh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ödh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "o-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "o-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "o-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "o-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "o-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "oy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "oy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "oy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "oy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "oy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "odh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "odh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "odh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "odh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "odh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "ay-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ay-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ay-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ay-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ay-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "adh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "adh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "adh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "adh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "adh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "m-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "m-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"intransitive",
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "mi-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mi-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"intransitive",
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "nña",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "y-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ch-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "∅-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "i-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"postpositional"
]
},
{
"form": "∅-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "n-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "n-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "ni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "tüwü",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "y-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ch-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "∅-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "i-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "n-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"third-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"third-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "n-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"third-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "n-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"third-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tüwü",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"distant-past",
"past",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"distant-past",
"past",
"postpositional"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"distant-past",
"past",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"distant-past",
"past",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "kün-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kün-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "kun-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kun-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "kin-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kin-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "ken-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ken-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "küm-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "küm-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "kum-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kum-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "kim-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kim-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "kini-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kini-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "t-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "t-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "t-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "tü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "tü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "tü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "tu-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "tu-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "tu-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "ti-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "ti-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "ti-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "te-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "te-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "te-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"patient",
"reflexive",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"reflexive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"reciprocal"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"reciprocal"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"reciprocal",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "öö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"patient",
"reciprocal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "öö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"reciprocal"
]
},
{
"form": "öö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"reciprocal"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mch-personal prefixes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mön-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "man-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mon-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "möm-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "möni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mön-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "man-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mon-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "möm-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "möni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-dual",
"object-exclusive",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-dual",
"object-exclusive",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-dual",
"object-exclusive",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-dual",
"object-exclusive",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ye'kwana terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"allomorph of öt- (detransitivizing prefix)"
],
"id": "en-a--mch-prefix-X-iP1w48",
"links": [
[
"öt-",
"öt-#Ye'kwana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ye'kwana terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant and have a first vowel a or e"
],
"id": "en-a--mch-prefix-ybURMIfi",
"links": [
[
"ö-",
"ö-#Ye'kwana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[a-]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ethnos360"
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*à-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *à-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *à-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "á-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ká-",
"tags": [
"medial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "medial",
"4": "ká-",
"cat2": "subject concords",
"head": "á-"
},
"expansion": "á- (medial ká-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu subject concords",
"parents": [
"Subject concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"he, she, it; class 1 subject concord, used in the subjunctive and potential mood."
],
"id": "en-a--zu-prefix-ADwomZSY",
"links": [
[
"he",
"he"
],
[
"she",
"she"
],
[
"it",
"it"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "in other cases",
"word": "u-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gá-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gá-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gá-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "á-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "wá-",
"tags": [
"medial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "medial",
"4": "wá-",
"cat2": "subject concords",
"head": "á-"
},
"expansion": "á- (medial wá-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu subject concords",
"parents": [
"Subject concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"they; class 6 subject concord."
],
"id": "en-a--zu-prefix-puFBbSU3",
"links": [
[
"they",
"they"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gáá-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gáá-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gáá-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "possessive concords"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu possessive concords",
"parents": [
"Possessive concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of; class 6 possessive concord."
],
"id": "en-a--zu-prefix-V-xRapxK",
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Originally a reduced form of la- (“general demonstrative”). Compare Swazi relative forms such as lesi-, which still keep the initial l-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ā́-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ā́-"
},
"expansion": "ā́-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 3 2 41 2 20 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form relative clauses."
],
"id": "en-a--zu-prefix-4y2UtZaZ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "a-",
"3": "a-",
"t1": "relative",
"t2": "class 6"
},
"expansion": "a- (“relative”) + a- (“class 6”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- (“relative”) + a- (“class 6”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ā́-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "relative concords",
"head": "ā́-"
},
"expansion": "ā́-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu relative concords",
"parents": [
"Relative concords",
"Concords",
"Prefixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu terms prefixed with a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 6 relative concord."
],
"id": "en-a--zu-prefix-HfprQnPg",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*nkà-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *nkà-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *nkà-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "verb prefixes"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"not"
],
"id": "en-a--zu-prefix-JUu5e1fx",
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ka-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "hortative",
"word": "ma-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ma- (hortative)"
],
"id": "en-a--zu-prefix-SHqdmAl8",
"links": [
[
"ma-",
"ma-#Zulu"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*ō-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ō-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ō-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आ-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आ- (ā-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὠ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὠ- (ō-)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō-, from Proto-Indo-European *ō-. Compare Sanskrit आ- (ā-) (आनील (ānīla, “bluish”), नील (nīla, “blue”)), Ancient Greek ὠ- (ō-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/a-",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "za"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "a"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 10 26 24 24 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 34 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "abrědъ, *abrędъ ← *brěd- / *bręd-"
},
{
"text": "abolnь ← *bolna"
},
{
"text": "agolvo ← *golva (“kill, killed”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From nouns"
],
"id": "en-a--sla-pro-prefix-XKcZecG2",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 10 26 24 24 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 34 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "aduxa / *adušь (“dyspnea”) ← *duxati (“to breathe”) / *duxъ (“breath”) (cp. *zaduxa)"
},
{
"text": "ašutь ← *šutъ / *šutiti"
},
{
"text": "avorъ ← *vorъ (cp. *zavorъ < *zaverti)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From nouns / verbs"
],
"id": "en-a--sla-pro-prefix-0woKxjRE",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 10 26 24 24 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 34 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "apadь ← *pasti (cp. *zapadь)"
},
{
"text": "adera ← *derti / *derǫ"
},
{
"text": "avidь?, *avida?"
},
{
"text": "avodь?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From verbs"
],
"id": "en-a--sla-pro-prefix-ne5D7GaP",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "arębъ?"
},
{
"text": "askǫdь?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Other"
],
"id": "en-a--sla-pro-prefix--X6doOO4",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*a-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *a-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *a-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अ-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अ- (a-)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अ- (a-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*a-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *a-, *an-\nAvestan: 𐬀 (a)\nOld Persian: 𐎠 (a)\nMiddle Persian: (/a-/)\nManichaean script: 𐫀 (ʾ)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾ)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *a-, *an-\nAvestan: 𐬀 (a)\nOld Persian: 𐎠 (a)\nMiddle Persian: (/a-/)\nManichaean script: 𐫀 (ʾ)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/a-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"un-, a-"
],
"id": "en-a--iir-pro-prefix-nwy~195f",
"links": [
[
"un-",
"un-"
],
[
"a-",
"a-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬀 (a)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬀 (a)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎠"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎠 (a)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎠 (a)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/a-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/a-/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫀",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫀 (ʾ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫀 (ʾ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾ"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*a-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *a-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/a-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 10 26 24 24 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"not, un-, non-; lacking, -less"
],
"id": "en-a--ira-pro-prefix-O0nGO~B-",
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
],
[
"un-",
"un-"
],
[
"non-",
"non-"
],
[
"lacking",
"lacking"
],
[
"-less",
"-less"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns) not, un-, non-; lacking, -less"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lacking, -less"
],
"id": "en-a--ira-pro-prefix-xjZNEAm1",
"links": [
[
"lacking",
"lacking"
],
[
"-less",
"-less"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to adjectives) lacking, -less"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to adjectives"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "an-"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*aw-anṯu (“that man”) (nominal), *awan- (oblique)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian I: *avan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಅವನು"
},
"expansion": "Kannada: ಅವನು (avanu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kannada: ಅವನು (avanu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamil-Malayalam:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "அவன்"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: அவன் (avaṉ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: அவன் (avaṉ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "അവൻ"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: അവൻ (avaṉ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: അവൻ (avaṉ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aaf",
"2": "അവാനു"
},
"expansion": "Aranadan: അവാനു",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aranadan: അവാനു"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian II:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "వాడు"
},
"expansion": "Telugu: వాడు (vāḍu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Telugu: వాడు (vāḍu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kfb",
"2": "अवन्द्",
"tr": "avand"
},
"expansion": "Kolami: अवन्द् (avand)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kolami: अवन्द् (avand)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*aw-aḷ (“that woman”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಅವಳು"
},
"expansion": "Kannada: ಅವಳು (avaḷu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kannada: ಅವಳು (avaḷu)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamil-Malayalam:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "அவள்"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: அவள் (avaḷ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: அவள் (avaḷ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "അവൾ"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: അവൾ (avaḷ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: അവൾ (avaḷ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*a-tu (“that woman or that thing”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South-Central:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kfb",
"2": "अद्",
"tr": "ad"
},
"expansion": "Kolami: अद् (ad)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kolami: अद् (ad)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "అది"
},
"expansion": "Telugu: అది (adi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Telugu: అది (adi)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamil-Kannada:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಅದು"
},
"expansion": "Kannada: ಅದು (adu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kannada: ಅದು (adu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamil-Malayalam:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "அது"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: அது (atu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: அது (atu)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "അത്"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: അത് (atŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: അത് (atŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*aw-ar (“those persons”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tcy",
"2": "ಆವಾಕುಳು"
},
"expansion": "Tulu: ಆವಾಕುಳು (āvākuḷu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tulu: ಆವಾಕುಳು (āvākuḷu)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಅವರು"
},
"expansion": "Kannada: ಅವರು (avaru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kannada: ಅವರು (avaru)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamil-Malayalam:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "அவர்"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: அவர் (avar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: அவர் (avar)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "അവർ"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: അവർ (avaṟ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: അവർ (avaṟ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*aw-ay (“those (non-men humans or non-humans)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kfb",
"2": "अदव्",
"tr": "adav"
},
"expansion": "Kolami: अदव् (adav)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kolami: अदव् (adav)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "అవి"
},
"expansion": "Telugu: అవి (avi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Telugu: అవి (avi)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಅವು"
},
"expansion": "Kannada: ಅವು (avu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kannada: ಅವು (avu)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamil-Malayalam:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "அவை"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: அவை (avai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: அவை (avai)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "അവ"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: അവ (ava)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: അവ (ava)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*a-nṯu (“then”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಅಂದು"
},
"expansion": "Kannada: ಅಂದು (andu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kannada: ಅಂದು (andu)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tcx",
"2": "அத்",
"tr": "aḏ"
},
"expansion": "Toda: அத் (aḏ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Toda: அத் (aḏ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamil-Malayalam: *anṯu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "அன்று"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: அன்று (aṉṟu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: அன்று (aṉṟu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "അന്ന്"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: അന്ന് (annŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: അന്ന് (annŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "அப்படி",
"3": "அங்கு",
"4": "அங்கே",
"5": "அங்கண்",
"6": "அங்ஙனம்",
"7": "அப்பொழுது",
"8": "அவ்விடம்"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: அப்படி (appaṭi), அங்கு (aṅku), அங்கே (aṅkē), அங்கண் (aṅkaṇ), அங்ஙனம் (aṅṅaṉam), அப்பொழுது (appoḻutu), அவ்விடம் (avviṭam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: அப்படி (appaṭi), அங்கு (aṅku), அங்கே (aṅkē), அங்கண் (aṅkaṇ), அங்ஙனம் (aṅṅaṉam), அப்பொழுது (appoḻutu), அவ்விடம் (avviṭam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "അങ്ങനെ",
"3": "അവിടെ",
"4": "അവിടം",
"5": "അദ്ദേഹം",
"6": "അങ്ങ്",
"7": "അപ്പോൾ",
"8": "അപ്പുറം",
"9": "അത്തരം"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: അങ്ങനെ (aṅṅane), അവിടെ (aviṭe), അവിടം (aviṭaṁ), അദ്ദേഹം (addēhaṁ), അങ്ങ് (aṅṅŭ), അപ്പോൾ (appōḷ), അപ്പുറം (appuṟaṁ), അത്തരം (attaraṁ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: അങ്ങനെ (aṅṅane), അവിടെ (aviṭe), അവിടം (aviṭaṁ), അദ്ദേഹം (addēhaṁ), അങ്ങ് (aṅṅŭ), അപ്പോൾ (appōḷ), അപ്പുറം (appuṟaṁ), അത്തരം (attaraṁ)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dra-pro",
"2": "determiner"
},
"expansion": "*a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Dravidian",
"lang_code": "dra-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Dravidian/a-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Dravidian determiners",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Dravidian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that, that there"
],
"id": "en-a--dra-pro-root-ppjA7jZd",
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"there",
"there"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "yĀn"
},
{
"word": "yĀm"
},
{
"word": "ñām"
},
{
"word": "tān"
},
{
"word": "tām"
},
{
"word": "nīn"
},
{
"word": "nīm"
},
{
"english": "yonder",
"tags": [
"distal",
"interrogative",
"proximal"
],
"word": "iwanṯu*uwanṯu*awanṯu*yĀwanṯu"
},
{
"english": "yonder",
"tags": [
"distal",
"interrogative",
"proximal"
],
"word": "iwar*uwar*awar*yĀwar"
},
{
"english": "yonder",
"tags": [
"distal",
"interrogative",
"proximal"
],
"word": "itu*utu*atu*yĀtu"
},
{
"english": "yonder",
"tags": [
"distal",
"interrogative",
"proximal"
],
"word": "iway*uway*away*yĀway"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "apq",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "A-Pucikwar",
"lang_code": "apq",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"A-Pucikwar entries with incorrect language header",
"A-Pucikwar lemmas",
"A-Pucikwar prefixes",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"prefix attached to words relating to the mouth, such as the names of languages"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan prefixes",
"Catalan terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Catalan terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + moral (“moral”) → amoral (“amoral”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a- (not, without)"
],
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan prefixes",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad",
"t": "towards"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad (“towards”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ad (“towards”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + feble (“weak”) → afeblir (“to weaken”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + sabor (“taste”) → assaborir (“to taste”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to make verbs from adjectives and nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish prefixes",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "prefix",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "da-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a-, un- (not)"
],
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
],
[
"un-",
"un-"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A- (atomic, nuclear)"
],
"links": [
[
"A-",
"A-"
],
[
"atomic",
"atomic"
],
[
"nuclear",
"nuclear"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "atom-"
},
{
"word": "A-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "an-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch prefixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"a-: not, without, opposite of"
],
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aː/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-a-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Nl-a-.ogg/Nl-a-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Nl-a-.ogg"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-",
"t": "up, out, away"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a- (“up, out, away”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ā-"
},
"expansion": "Old English ā-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*uʀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-",
"t": "out-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out-”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*uds-",
"t": "up, out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *uds- (“up, out”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "er-"
},
"expansion": "German er-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a- (“up, out, away”), from Old English ā-, originally *ar-, *or-, from Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out-”), from Proto-Indo-European *uds- (“up, out”). Cognate with Old Saxon a-, German er-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "arise, await",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming verbs with the sense away, up, on, out."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Forming verbs with the sense away, up, on, out."
],
"senseid": [
"en:up"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "abide, amaze",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming verbs with the sense of intensified action."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Forming verbs with the sense of intensified action."
],
"senseid": [
"en:asthough"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-a-(1).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-",
"t": "on"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a- (“on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "an",
"t": "on"
},
"expansion": "Middle English an (“on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "an",
"t": "on"
},
"expansion": "Old English an (“on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "preposition",
"2": "on, to, in, etc."
},
"expansion": "(preposition, on, to, in, etc.)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* From Middle English a- (“on”), derived from unstressed Middle English an (“on”), from Old English an (“on”).\n* See a (preposition, on, to, in, etc.)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "aglow, apace, afire, aboil, a-bling, abluster",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In, on, at; used to show a state, condition, or manner. Also passing into sense 2."
],
"links": [
[
"In",
"in"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare or no longer productive) In, on, at; used to show a state, condition, or manner. Also passing into sense 2."
],
"senseid": [
"en:having"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "asunder",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In, into. Also passing into sense 5."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) In, into. Also passing into sense 5."
],
"senseid": [
"en:into"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "astern, abeam",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the direction of, or toward."
],
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:toward"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Come a-morning we are going hunting.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"At such a time."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal) At such a time."
],
"senseid": [
"en:this"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "hits a-poppin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "doins a-transpirin [doings a-transpiring]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1777, Thomas Arne, A-Hunting We Will Go:",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1780, The Twelve Days of Christmas",
"text": "The twelfth day of Christmas,\nMy true love sent to me\nTwelve lords a-leaping,\n…\nEight maids a-milking,\nSeven swans a-swimming,\nSix geese a-laying,"
},
{
"text": "circa 1850, Here We Come A-wassailing/Here We Come A-caroling\nHere we come a-wassailing\nAmong the leaves so green;\nHere we come a-wand’ring\nSo fair to be seen."
},
{
"ref": "1939, Alfred Edward Housman, Additional Poems, XIII, lines 6-7:",
"text": "Oh waste no words a-wooing\nThe soft sleep to your bed;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1964, Bob Dylan, \"The Times They Are a-Changin' \" (recorded 1963, released 1964)",
"text": "The order is rapidly fadin'\nAnd the first one now will later be last\nFor the times they are a-changin'"
},
{
"ref": "circa 1970, bumper sticker",
"text": "If the van’s a-rockin’, don’t come a-knockin’."
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the act or process of. Used in some dialects before a present participle."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal) In the act or process of. Used in some dialects before a present participle."
],
"senseid": [
"en:doing"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-a-(1).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ge"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġe-"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġe-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm",
"t": "with"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a-, a variant form of y-, from Old English ġe-, from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(archaic and dialectal) In dialect, it is sometimes conflated with sense 5 of the previous definition, and is used as a general indicator of a participle",
"word": "y-"
}
],
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "aware, alike",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of y- (archaic and dialectal) In dialect, it is sometimes conflated with sense 5 of the previous definition, and is used as a general indicator of a participle."
],
"links": [
[
"y-",
"y-#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:participle"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Devonian English",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I have a-gone.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I have a-seen a bird.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the past participle of a verb."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Devon) Used to form the past participle of a verb."
],
"senseid": [
"en:pastparticiple"
],
"tags": [
"Devon",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-a-(1).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "i-"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman a-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "e-"
},
"expansion": "Old French e-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ex-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ex-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman a-, from Old French e-, from Latin ex-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "abash",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming words with the sense of wholly, or utterly out."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Forming words with the sense of wholly, or utterly out."
],
"senseid": [
"en:fully"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-a-(1).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "not-aka-without-aka-opposite"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately followed by a vowel).",
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{
"args": {
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"head": "",
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"args": {},
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "amoral, asymmetry, atheism, asexual, acyclic, atypical",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1948 (revised 1952), Robert Graves, The White Goddess, Faber & Faber 1999, page 7",
"text": "When invited to believe in the Chimaera, the horse-centaurs, or the winged horse Pegasus, all of them straightforward Pelasgian cult-symbols, a philosopher felt bound to reject them as a-zoölogical improbabilities …."
},
{
"ref": "2012, Faramerz Dabhoiwala, The Origins of Sex, Penguin, published 2013, page 191:",
"text": "If aroused outside the proper outlet of marriage, [female lust] could range out of control, turning its possessor into an a-feminine monster: that is what happened to fallen women.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not, without, opposite of."
],
"links": [
[
"Not",
"not"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:not"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-a-(2).ogg",
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{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"tags": [
"Philippines"
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "an-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "dys-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "i-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "il-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "im-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "ir-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "non-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "un-"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "а-"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "an-"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"name": "der"
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{
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"2": "la",
"3": "ad",
"t": "towards"
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],
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"text": "ascend, aspire, amass, abandon, avenue",
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],
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"(no longer productive) Away from."
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],
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{
"text": "A-tisket a-tasket,\nA green and yellow basket",
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"text": "a-be, a-going",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Let that choilt a-be, wilt ta. ― Let that child alone, will you.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as a prefix to verbs in the sense of remaining in the same condition. Actively doing something."
],
"qualifier": "Chester",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Chester) Used as a prefix to verbs in the sense of remaining in the same condition. Actively doing something."
],
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}
],
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],
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"word": "mal-"
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{
"word": "ne-"
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{
"word": "sen-"
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[
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"without"
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[
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"-less"
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],
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}
],
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}
{
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{
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{
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"2": "ang",
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],
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"ref": "A NORTH-COUNTY DUBLIN CLOSSARY",
"text": "The hay is a-cutting now. You're a-wanting."
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],
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],
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]
}
],
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}
{
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"expansion": "Internationalism",
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{
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"2": "grc",
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],
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{
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[
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"non-"
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[
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"un-"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in loanwords) a-, non-, un-"
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{
"word": "epä-"
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],
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}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈɑ-/"
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{
"ipa": "[ˈɑ̝-]"
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],
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{
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}
],
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{
"categories": [
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],
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],
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"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + curto (“short”) + -ar → acurtar (“to shorten”)",
"type": "example"
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"adjective",
"adjective#English"
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"noun",
"noun#English"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"my"
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{
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"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + spīrāre (“breathe”) → aspīrāre (“breathe or blow upon; am favorable to, assist, favor, aid; aspire or desire (to); approach, come near (to)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + specere (“observe, look at”) → aspicere (“look at or towards, behold; regard, respect; observe, notice; examine, inspect; consider, ponder”)",
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},
{
"text": "a- + stringere (“press, tighten, compress”) → astringere (“draw close, bind or tie together; tighten, contract; check, restrain; oblige, necessitate”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + struere (“compose, construct, build; ready, prepare; place, arrange”) → astruere (“build near or to a thing, erect; build on, heap; build an additional structure”)",
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"not"
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[
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"irrealis prefix"
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"irrealis#English"
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],
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],
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]
}
],
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"word": "shi-"
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{
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{
"word": "danihi-"
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{
"word": "ni-"
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{
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{
"word": "ał-"
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{
"word": "ahił-"
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"Navajo prefixes",
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"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
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],
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"lit": "",
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"pos": "",
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"tr": "",
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[
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"form": "wa-",
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"they"
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"of"
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"morpheme"
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{
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{
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"3": "𓃾"
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],
"etymology_text": "From the first letter of the Norwegian alphabet a, from Latin a, from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), likely through the Etruscan language, from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ), from Proto-Canaanite , from Proto-Sinaitic , from Egyptian 𓃾.",
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],
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"first"
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[
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{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Pronunciation_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_%C2%ABA%C2%BB%2C_%C2%ABa%C2%BB.ogg"
},
{
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{
"homophone": "A"
},
{
"homophone": "a"
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{
"homophone": "A-"
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{
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{
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{
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{
"args": {
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],
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{
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"a-#English"
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],
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{
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},
{
"args": {
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],
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}
],
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[
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"away"
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[
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"off"
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[
"out",
"out"
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],
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}
],
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],
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],
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{
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],
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"indicating movement towards something"
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},
{
"glosses": [
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],
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"morpheme"
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},
{
"glosses": [
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},
{
"alt_of": [
{
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],
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[
"es-",
"es-#Old_French"
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],
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}
{
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],
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"word": "1 sing"
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{
"word": "m-L"
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{
"word": "dom-L"
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{
"word": "dam-L"
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{
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{
"word": "2 sing"
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{
"word": "t-L"
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{
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{
"word": "dat-L"
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{
"word": "dut-L"
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{
"word": "dit-L"
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{
"word": "-ut"
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{
"word": "3 sing. m."
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{
"word": "a-N"
},
{
"word": "e-N"
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{
"word": "d-N"
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{
"word": "id-N"
},
{
"word": "did-N"
},
{
"word": "-i"
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{
"word": "-it"
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{
"word": "3 sing. f."
},
{
"word": "s-(N)"
},
{
"word": "da-"
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{
"word": "-us"
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{
"tags": [
"noun"
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{
"word": "a-L"
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{
"word": "e-L"
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{
"word": "d-L"
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{
"word": "id-L"
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{
"word": "did-L"
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{
"word": "1 pl"
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{
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{
"word": "don-"
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{
"word": "dun-"
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{
"word": "dan-"
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{
"word": "-unn"
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{
"word": "2 pl"
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{
"word": "b-"
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{
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{
"word": "dub-"
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{
"word": "dab-"
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{
"word": "-uib"
},
{
"word": "3 pl"
},
{
"tags": [
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],
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],
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{
"glosses": [
"him (triggers eclipsis)"
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"him"
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],
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},
{
"glosses": [
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[
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"it"
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],
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}
],
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{
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{
"glosses": [
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{
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{
"word": "-um-"
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],
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
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}
],
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{
"ipa": "/a/"
}
],
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}
{
"categories": [
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{
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"name": "bor+"
}
],
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{
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"un-, not"
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[
"un-",
"un-"
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[
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],
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"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Old English a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ar-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "er-"
},
"expansion": "German er-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an earlier form ar-, from Proto-Germanic *uz-. Cognate with Old English a-, Old High German ar-, ir- (German er-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "a-"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon prefixes",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"forming words with the sense from, away, out, off, e.g. animan"
],
"links": [
[
"animan",
"animan#Old_Saxon"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑː/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-phu",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gá-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gá-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gá-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wa-",
"tags": [
"medial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-phu",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "medial",
"4": "wa-",
"cat2": "subject concords"
},
"expansion": "a- (medial wa-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Phuthi",
"lang_code": "bnt-phu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Phuthi entries with incorrect language header",
"Phuthi lemmas",
"Phuthi prefixes",
"Phuthi subject concords",
"Phuthi terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Phuthi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu"
],
"glosses": [
"they; class 6 subject concord."
],
"links": [
[
"they",
"they"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish learned borrowings from Ancient Greek",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish prefixes",
"Polish terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/a",
"Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + społeczny → aspołeczny",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forming words with the sense of negation, a-"
],
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
},
{
"homophone": "a"
},
{
"homophone": "-a"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "an-"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese prefixes",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Portuguese terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms with homophones"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese a-, from Latin ad-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + vermelho (“red”) + -ar → avermelhar (“to redden”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + baixo (“low”) + -ar → abaixar (“to lower”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"added to adjective X, forms verbs meaning to make/turn X"
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + pavor (“dread”) + -ar → apavorar (“to frighten”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + fama (“fame”) + -ar → afamar (“to make famous”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"added to noun X, forms verbs meaning to cause or make X or to cause something to have X"
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌa/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"homophone": "A"
},
{
"homophone": "a"
},
{
"homophone": "à"
},
{
"homophone": "há"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese prefixes",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Portuguese terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms with homophones"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a- (not; without)"
],
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "in-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌa/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"homophone": "A"
},
{
"homophone": "a"
},
{
"homophone": "à"
},
{
"homophone": "há"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*aw-anṯu (“that man”) (nominal), *awan- (oblique)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian I: *avan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಅವನು"
},
"expansion": "Kannada: ಅವನು (avanu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kannada: ಅವನು (avanu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamil-Malayalam:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "அவன்"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: அவன் (avaṉ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: அவன் (avaṉ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "അവൻ"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: അവൻ (avaṉ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: അവൻ (avaṉ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aaf",
"2": "അവാനു"
},
"expansion": "Aranadan: അവാനു",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aranadan: അവാനു"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian II:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "వాడు"
},
"expansion": "Telugu: వాడు (vāḍu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Telugu: వాడు (vāḍu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kfb",
"2": "अवन्द्",
"tr": "avand"
},
"expansion": "Kolami: अवन्द् (avand)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kolami: अवन्द् (avand)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*aw-aḷ (“that woman”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಅವಳು"
},
"expansion": "Kannada: ಅವಳು (avaḷu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kannada: ಅವಳು (avaḷu)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamil-Malayalam:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "அவள்"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: அவள் (avaḷ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: அவள் (avaḷ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "അവൾ"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: അവൾ (avaḷ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: അവൾ (avaḷ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*a-tu (“that woman or that thing”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South-Central:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kfb",
"2": "अद्",
"tr": "ad"
},
"expansion": "Kolami: अद् (ad)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kolami: अद् (ad)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "అది"
},
"expansion": "Telugu: అది (adi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Telugu: అది (adi)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamil-Kannada:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಅದು"
},
"expansion": "Kannada: ಅದು (adu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kannada: ಅದು (adu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamil-Malayalam:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "அது"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: அது (atu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: அது (atu)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "അത്"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: അത് (atŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: അത് (atŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*aw-ar (“those persons”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tcy",
"2": "ಆವಾಕುಳು"
},
"expansion": "Tulu: ಆವಾಕುಳು (āvākuḷu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tulu: ಆವಾಕುಳು (āvākuḷu)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಅವರು"
},
"expansion": "Kannada: ಅವರು (avaru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kannada: ಅವರು (avaru)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamil-Malayalam:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "அவர்"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: அவர் (avar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: அவர் (avar)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "അവർ"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: അവർ (avaṟ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: അവർ (avaṟ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*aw-ay (“those (non-men humans or non-humans)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kfb",
"2": "अदव्",
"tr": "adav"
},
"expansion": "Kolami: अदव् (adav)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kolami: अदव् (adav)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "అవి"
},
"expansion": "Telugu: అవి (avi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Telugu: అవి (avi)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಅವು"
},
"expansion": "Kannada: ಅವು (avu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kannada: ಅವು (avu)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamil-Malayalam:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "அவை"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: அவை (avai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: அவை (avai)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "അവ"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: അവ (ava)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: അവ (ava)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*a-nṯu (“then”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Dravidian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಅಂದು"
},
"expansion": "Kannada: ಅಂದು (andu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kannada: ಅಂದು (andu)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tcx",
"2": "அத்",
"tr": "aḏ"
},
"expansion": "Toda: அத் (aḏ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Toda: அத் (aḏ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tamil-Malayalam: *anṯu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "அன்று"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: அன்று (aṉṟu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: அன்று (aṉṟu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "അന്ന്"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: അന്ന് (annŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: അന്ന് (annŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "அப்படி",
"3": "அங்கு",
"4": "அங்கே",
"5": "அங்கண்",
"6": "அங்ஙனம்",
"7": "அப்பொழுது",
"8": "அவ்விடம்"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: அப்படி (appaṭi), அங்கு (aṅku), அங்கே (aṅkē), அங்கண் (aṅkaṇ), அங்ஙனம் (aṅṅaṉam), அப்பொழுது (appoḻutu), அவ்விடம் (avviṭam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: அப்படி (appaṭi), அங்கு (aṅku), அங்கே (aṅkē), அங்கண் (aṅkaṇ), அங்ஙனம் (aṅṅaṉam), அப்பொழுது (appoḻutu), அவ்விடம் (avviṭam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "അങ്ങനെ",
"3": "അവിടെ",
"4": "അവിടം",
"5": "അദ്ദേഹം",
"6": "അങ്ങ്",
"7": "അപ്പോൾ",
"8": "അപ്പുറം",
"9": "അത്തരം"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam: അങ്ങനെ (aṅṅane), അവിടെ (aviṭe), അവിടം (aviṭaṁ), അദ്ദേഹം (addēhaṁ), അങ്ങ് (aṅṅŭ), അപ്പോൾ (appōḷ), അപ്പുറം (appuṟaṁ), അത്തരം (attaraṁ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Malayalam: അങ്ങനെ (aṅṅane), അവിടെ (aviṭe), അവിടം (aviṭaṁ), അദ്ദേഹം (addēhaṁ), അങ്ങ് (aṅṅŭ), അപ്പോൾ (appōḷ), അപ്പുറം (appuṟaṁ), അത്തരം (attaraṁ)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dra-pro",
"2": "determiner"
},
"expansion": "*a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Dravidian",
"lang_code": "dra-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Dravidian/a-",
"pos": "root",
"related": [
{
"word": "yĀn"
},
{
"word": "yĀm"
},
{
"word": "ñām"
},
{
"word": "tān"
},
{
"word": "tām"
},
{
"word": "nīn"
},
{
"word": "nīm"
},
{
"english": "yonder",
"tags": [
"distal",
"interrogative",
"proximal"
],
"word": "iwanṯu*uwanṯu*awanṯu*yĀwanṯu"
},
{
"english": "yonder",
"tags": [
"distal",
"interrogative",
"proximal"
],
"word": "iwar*uwar*awar*yĀwar"
},
{
"english": "yonder",
"tags": [
"distal",
"interrogative",
"proximal"
],
"word": "itu*utu*atu*yĀtu"
},
{
"english": "yonder",
"tags": [
"distal",
"interrogative",
"proximal"
],
"word": "iway*uway*away*yĀway"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Dravidian determiners",
"Proto-Dravidian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Dravidian lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"that, that there"
],
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"there",
"there"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*a-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *a-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *a-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अ-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अ- (a-)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अ- (a-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*a-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *a-, *an-\nAvestan: 𐬀 (a)\nOld Persian: 𐎠 (a)\nMiddle Persian: (/a-/)\nManichaean script: 𐫀 (ʾ)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾ)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *a-, *an-\nAvestan: 𐬀 (a)\nOld Persian: 𐎠 (a)\nMiddle Persian: (/a-/)\nManichaean script: 𐫀 (ʾ)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/a-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian prefixes",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"un-, a-"
],
"links": [
[
"un-",
"un-"
],
[
"a-",
"a-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Iranian prefixes",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Proto-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬀 (a)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬀 (a)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎠"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎠 (a)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎠 (a)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/a-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/a-/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫀",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫀 (ʾ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫀 (ʾ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾ"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*a-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *a-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/a-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"not, un-, non-; lacking, -less"
],
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
],
[
"un-",
"un-"
],
[
"non-",
"non-"
],
[
"lacking",
"lacking"
],
[
"-less",
"-less"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns) not, un-, non-; lacking, -less"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lacking, -less"
],
"links": [
[
"lacking",
"lacking"
],
[
"-less",
"-less"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to adjectives) lacking, -less"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to adjectives"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "an-"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic prefixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*ō-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ō-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ō-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आ-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit आ- (ā-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὠ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὠ- (ō-)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō-, from Proto-Indo-European *ō-. Compare Sanskrit आ- (ā-) (आनील (ānīla, “bluish”), नील (nīla, “blue”)), Ancient Greek ὠ- (ō-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/a-",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "za"
},
{
"word": "a"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "abrědъ, *abrędъ ← *brěd- / *bręd-"
},
{
"text": "abolnь ← *bolna"
},
{
"text": "agolvo ← *golva (“kill, killed”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "aduxa / *adušь (“dyspnea”) ← *duxati (“to breathe”) / *duxъ (“breath”) (cp. *zaduxa)"
},
{
"text": "ašutь ← *šutъ / *šutiti"
},
{
"text": "avorъ ← *vorъ (cp. *zavorъ < *zaverti)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From nouns / verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "apadь ← *pasti (cp. *zapadь)"
},
{
"text": "adera ← *derti / *derǫ"
},
{
"text": "avidь?, *avida?"
},
{
"text": "avodь?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "arębъ?"
},
{
"text": "askǫdь?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Other"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "la-cla",
"3": "itc-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "la-cla",
"3": "ad-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Classical Latin ad-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "la-cla",
"3": "ad-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Classical Latin ad-",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Classical Latin ad-, from the preposition ad (“to, towards”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sardinian entries with incorrect language header",
"Sardinian lemmas",
"Sardinian prefixes",
"Sardinian terms derived from Classical Latin",
"Sardinian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sardinian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Sardinian terms inherited from Classical Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"ad- (toward, to, tendency)"
],
"links": [
[
"ad-",
"ad-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots prefixes",
"Scots terms derived from Latin",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Old English"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-",
"t": "on"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a- (“on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "an",
"t": "on"
},
"expansion": "Middle English an (“on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "an",
"t": "on"
},
"expansion": "Old English an (“on”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a- (“on”), derived from unstressed Middle English an (“on”), from Old English an (“on”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "aback, agley, agrufe, athort, atween"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on"
],
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots prefixes",
"Scots terms derived from Latin",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Old English"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "of-",
"t": "off"
},
"expansion": "Old English of- (“off”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a-, from Old English of- (“off”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "adoon"
}
],
"glosses": [
"off"
],
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots prefixes",
"Scots terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Scots terms derived from Latin",
"Scots terms derived from Old Norse"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "non",
"3": "at-",
"t": "to"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse at- (“to”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse at- (“to”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "adae, agae"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots prefixes",
"Scots terms derived from Latin",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
"Scots terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Old English",
"Scots terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-",
"t": "up, out, away"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a- (“up, out, away”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ā-"
},
"expansion": "Old English ā-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-",
"t": "out-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out-”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a- (“up, out, away”), from Old English ā-, originally *ar-, *or-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out-”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "abide, arise"
}
],
"glosses": [
"away from"
],
"links": [
[
"away",
"away"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots prefixes",
"Scots terms derived from Latin",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
"Scots terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Old English",
"Scots terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "and-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English and-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "and-",
"t": "against, back"
},
"expansion": "Old English and- (“against, back”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*andi-",
"t": "across, opposite, against, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *andi- (“across, opposite, against, away”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English and-, from Old English and- (“against, back”), from Proto-Germanic *andi- (“across, opposite, against, away”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "alang"
}
],
"glosses": [
"against, opposite"
],
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
],
[
"opposite",
"opposite"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots prefixes",
"Scots terms derived from Latin",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Old English"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ane",
"t": "one"
},
"expansion": "Old English ane (“one”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a-, from Old English ane (“one”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "awhile"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔa/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɐ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mindoro Tagalog",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"Tagalog lemmas",
"Tagalog prefixes",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries"
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"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"form": "á-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜀ",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
},
{
"form": "Mindoro",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"b": "+"
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"expansion": "á- (Baybayin spelling ᜀ)",
"name": "tl-head"
}
],
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"a-"
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
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{
"word": "ga-"
},
{
"word": "maga-"
},
{
"word": "naga-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms contemplative aspect forms for verbs in the object or directional trigger"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈʔa/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʔaː]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries"
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{
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"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*à-"
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"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *à-",
"name": "inh"
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],
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{
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"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "subject concords"
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"name": "head"
}
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{
"word": "nye"
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{
"word": "-ange"
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{
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{
"word": "-n-"
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{
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{
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{
"word": "ninyowe"
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{
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{
"word": "iwe"
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{
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{
"word": "o-"
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{
"word": "-ku-"
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{
"word": "naiwe"
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{
"word": "niiwe"
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{
"word": "uwe"
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{
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{
"word": "-mu-"
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{
"word": "nawe"
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{
"word": "nuwe"
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{
"word": "itwe"
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{
"word": "-aitu"
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{
"word": "tu-"
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{
"word": "-tu-"
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{
"word": "naitwe"
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{
"word": "niitwe"
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{
"word": "inywe"
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{
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{
"word": "mu-"
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{
"word": "-ba-"
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{
"word": "nainywe"
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{
"word": "niinywe"
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{
"word": "abo"
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{
"word": "-abo"
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{
"word": "ba-"
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{
"word": "nabo"
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{
"word": "nubo"
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{
"word": "gwo"
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{
"word": "-agwo"
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{
"word": "gu-"
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{
"word": "-gu-"
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{
"word": "nagwo"
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{
"word": "nugwo"
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{
"word": "yo"
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{
"word": "-ayo"
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{
"word": "e-"
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{
"word": "-gi-"
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{
"word": "nayo"
},
{
"word": "niyo"
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{
"word": "lyo"
},
{
"word": "-alyo"
},
{
"word": "li-"
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{
"word": "-li-"
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{
"word": "nalyo"
},
{
"word": "niryo"
},
{
"word": "go"
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{
"word": "-ago"
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{
"word": "ga-"
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{
"word": "-ga-"
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{
"word": "nago"
},
{
"word": "nugo"
},
{
"word": "kyo"
},
{
"word": "-akyo"
},
{
"word": "ki-"
},
{
"word": "-ki-"
},
{
"word": "nakyo"
},
{
"word": "nikyo"
},
{
"word": "byo"
},
{
"word": "-abyo"
},
{
"word": "bi-"
},
{
"word": "-bi-"
},
{
"word": "nabyo"
},
{
"word": "nibyo"
},
{
"word": "zo"
},
{
"word": "-azo"
},
{
"word": "zi-"
},
{
"word": "-zi-"
},
{
"word": "nazo"
},
{
"word": "nizo"
},
{
"word": "rwo"
},
{
"word": "-arwo"
},
{
"word": "ru-"
},
{
"word": "-ru-"
},
{
"word": "narwo"
},
{
"word": "nurwo"
},
{
"word": "ko"
},
{
"word": "-ako"
},
{
"word": "ka-"
},
{
"word": "-ka-"
},
{
"word": "nako"
},
{
"word": "nuko"
},
{
"word": "two"
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{
"word": "-atwo"
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{
"word": "natwo"
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{
"word": "nutwo"
},
{
"word": "bwo"
},
{
"word": "-abwo"
},
{
"word": "bu-"
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{
"word": "-bu-"
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{
"word": "nabwo"
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{
"word": "nubwo"
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{
"word": "kwo"
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{
"word": "-akwo"
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{
"word": "ku-"
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{
"word": "nakwo"
},
{
"word": "nukwo"
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{
"word": "ho"
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{
"word": "-aho"
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{
"word": "ha-"
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{
"word": "-ha-"
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{
"word": "naho"
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{
"word": "nuho"
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{
"word": "N/A"
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{
"word": "ha-(...-yo)"
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{
"word": "-amwo"
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{
"word": "ha-(...-mu)"
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{
"word": "numwo"
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{
"word": "-enyini"
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{
"word": "-onyini"
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{
"word": "—"
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{
"word": "-e-"
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],
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"Tooro subject concords",
"Tooro terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Tooro terms inherited from Proto-Bantu"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a- + -kora (“to do”) → akora (“he/she does”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"he, she; class 1 subject concord"
],
"links": [
[
"he",
"he"
],
[
"she",
"she"
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],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/a-/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
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{
"raw_tags": [
"in other cases"
],
"tags": [
"before-vowel"
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"word": "ay-"
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],
"word": "a-"
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{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries"
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{
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"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-",
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"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not, without”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).",
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{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
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],
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{
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"Pages with entries",
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"Translingual terms derived from Ancient Greek"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form taxonomic names indicating a lack of some feature that might be expected"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
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},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
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},
{
"form": "ha-",
"source": "mutation",
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"mutation",
"prothesis-h"
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}
],
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{
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"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
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"expansion": "a-",
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],
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],
"lang": "Welsh",
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"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
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{
"text": "a- + trist (“sad”) → athrist (“very sad, sorrowful”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a- + traidd (“piercing, penetration”) → athraidd (“permeable”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/a/"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Xhosa entries with incorrect language header",
"Xhosa lemmas",
"Xhosa prefixes",
"Xhosa subject concords",
"Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu"
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"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gá-"
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],
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{
"form": "wa-",
"tags": [
"medial"
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}
],
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{
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"1": "xh",
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"3": "medial",
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],
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{
"glosses": [
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[
"they",
"they"
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],
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{
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"3": "*gáá-"
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],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "prefix",
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{
"glosses": [
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"glosses": [
"Class 6 relative concord."
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],
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{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*nkà-"
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"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *nkà-",
"name": "inh"
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],
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{
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"1": "xh",
"2": "prefix"
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"expansion": "a-",
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],
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{
"glosses": [
"not"
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"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
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],
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}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
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"Ye'kwana terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
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{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mch-personal prefixes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ewü",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "y-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "∅-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "w-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"first-person",
"transitive"
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},
{
"form": "w-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"first-person",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wi-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"first-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wi-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"first-person",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"form": "küwü",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"intransitive",
"patient-like"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"postpositional"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"intransitive",
"patient-like"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"postpositional"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"intransitive",
"patient-like"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"postpositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"intransitive",
"patient-like"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"postpositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kii-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"first-person",
"inclusive",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "amödö",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "öy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "öy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "öy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "öy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "öy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "ödh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ödh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ödh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ödh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ödh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "o-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "o-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "o-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "o-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "o-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "oy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "oy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "oy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "oy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "oy-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "odh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "odh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "odh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "odh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "odh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "ay-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ay-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ay-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ay-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ay-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "adh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "adh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "adh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "adh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "adh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "m-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "m-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"intransitive",
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "mi-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mi-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"intransitive",
"second-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "nña",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "y-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ch-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "∅-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "i-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"postpositional"
]
},
{
"form": "∅-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "n-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "n-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "ni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "tüwü",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "y-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dh-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ch-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "∅-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "i-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "n-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"third-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"third-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "n-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"third-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "n-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"third-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tüwü",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"distant-past",
"past",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"distant-past",
"past",
"postpositional"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"distant-past",
"past",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"distant-past",
"past",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "kün-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kün-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "kun-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kun-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "kin-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kin-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "ken-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ken-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "küm-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "küm-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "kum-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kum-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "kim-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kim-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "kini-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"distant-past",
"past",
"patient",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kini-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"distant-past",
"intransitive",
"past",
"patient-like",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "t-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "t-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "t-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "tü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "tü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "tü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "tu-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "tu-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "tu-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "ti-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "ti-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "ti-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "te-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "te-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "te-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"patient",
"reflexive",
"series-ii-verb-argument",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"reflexive",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"reciprocal"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"reciprocal"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"reciprocal",
"series-ii-verb-argument"
]
},
{
"form": "öö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"patient",
"reciprocal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "öö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent-like",
"intransitive",
"patient-like",
"reciprocal"
]
},
{
"form": "öö-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"postpositional",
"reciprocal"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mch-personal prefixes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mön-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "man-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mon-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "möm-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "möni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mön-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "man-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mon-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "möm-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "möni-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"dual",
"exclusive",
"first-person",
"object-second-person",
"patient",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "k-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-dual",
"object-exclusive",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kü-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-dual",
"object-exclusive",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ku-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-dual",
"object-exclusive",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ki-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"agent",
"object-dual",
"object-exclusive",
"object-first-person",
"patient",
"second-person",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"allomorph of öt- (detransitivizing prefix)"
],
"links": [
[
"öt-",
"öt-#Ye'kwana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant and have a first vowel a or e"
],
"links": [
[
"ö-",
"ö-#Ye'kwana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[a-]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ethnos360"
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"Zulu lemmas",
"Zulu prefixes",
"Zulu subject concords",
"Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*à-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *à-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *à-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "á-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ká-",
"tags": [
"medial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "medial",
"4": "ká-",
"cat2": "subject concords",
"head": "á-"
},
"expansion": "á- (medial ká-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"english": "in other cases",
"word": "u-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"he, she, it; class 1 subject concord, used in the subjunctive and potential mood."
],
"links": [
[
"he",
"he"
],
[
"she",
"she"
],
[
"it",
"it"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"Zulu lemmas",
"Zulu prefixes",
"Zulu subject concords",
"Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gá-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gá-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gá-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "á-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "wá-",
"tags": [
"medial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "medial",
"4": "wá-",
"cat2": "subject concords",
"head": "á-"
},
"expansion": "á- (medial wá-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"they; class 6 subject concord."
],
"links": [
[
"they",
"they"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"Zulu lemmas",
"Zulu possessive concords",
"Zulu prefixes",
"Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gáá-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gáá-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gáá-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "possessive concords"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"of; class 6 possessive concord."
],
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"Zulu lemmas",
"Zulu prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Originally a reduced form of la- (“general demonstrative”). Compare Swazi relative forms such as lesi-, which still keep the initial l-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ā́-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ā́-"
},
"expansion": "ā́-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form relative clauses."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"Zulu lemmas",
"Zulu prefixes",
"Zulu relative concords",
"Zulu terms prefixed with a-"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "a-",
"3": "a-",
"t1": "relative",
"t2": "class 6"
},
"expansion": "a- (“relative”) + a- (“class 6”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- (“relative”) + a- (“class 6”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ā́-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "relative concords",
"head": "ā́-"
},
"expansion": "ā́-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Class 6 relative concord."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"Zulu lemmas",
"Zulu prefixes",
"Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Zulu verb prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*nkà-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *nkà-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *nkà-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "verb prefixes"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"not"
],
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ka-"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"Zulu lemmas",
"Zulu prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "hortative",
"word": "ma-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ma- (hortative)"
],
"links": [
[
"ma-",
"ma-#Zulu"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for a- meaning in All languages combined (140.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: ORB",
"path": [
"a-"
],
"section": "Franco-Provençal",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Kamnyu",
"path": [
"a-"
],
"section": "Japhug",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Kamnyu",
"path": [
"a-"
],
"section": "Japhug",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Before a word beginning with sc, sp or st",
"path": [
"a-"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Before a word beginning with sc, sp or st",
"path": [
"a-"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1412",
"msg": "gloss may contain unhandled list items: she, he; 3rd person singular ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]) subject concord",
"path": [
"a-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1412",
"msg": "gloss may contain unhandled list items: Contraction of a- + -a- (“3rd person singular ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]) gnomic”).",
"path": [
"a-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"a-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"a-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: ha-, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"a-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'unchanged'",
"path": [
"a-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'unchanged'",
"path": [
"a-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Ye'kwana]; cleaned text: # With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable., style: background:#FFFFFF; font-size:80%; text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"a-"
],
"section": "Ye'kwana",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "a-/Tagalog/prefix: invalid uppercase tag Standard-Tagalog not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Mindoro Tagalog\", \"Pages with 47 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Tagalog 1-syllable words\", \"Tagalog dialectal terms\", \"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header\", \"Tagalog lemmas\", \"Tagalog prefixes\", \"Tagalog terms borrowed from Spanish\", \"Tagalog terms derived from Latin\", \"Tagalog terms derived from Spanish\", \"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script\", \"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"tl\", \"2\": \"es\", \"3\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Borrowed from Spanish a\", \"name\": \"bor+\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"tl\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"ad\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin ad\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Borrowed from Spanish a, from Latin ad.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"ᜀ\", \"tags\": [\"Baybayin\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"prefix\", \"b\": \"+\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- (Baybayin spelling ᜀ)\", \"name\": \"tl-head\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"a-\"], \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"lang_code\": \"tl\", \"pos\": \"prefix\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Tagalog terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"I'll go to you at the first of March.\", \"text\": \"Puntahan kita sa a-primero ng Marso.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"It is payday every 15ᵗʰ of every month.\", \"text\": \"Sahuran tuwing a-kinse ng bawat buwan.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Yesterday was the 31ˢᵗ.\", \"text\": \"A-treynta y uno kahapon.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"at (indicating time)\"], \"links\": [[\"at\", \"at\"]], \"tags\": [\"morpheme\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ʔa/\", \"tags\": [\"Standard-Tagalog\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[ʔɐ]\", \"tags\": [\"Standard-Tagalog\"]}], \"word\": \"a-\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "a-/Tagalog/prefix: invalid uppercase tag Standard-Tagalog not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Mindoro Tagalog\", \"Pages with 47 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Tagalog 1-syllable words\", \"Tagalog dialectal terms\", \"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header\", \"Tagalog lemmas\", \"Tagalog prefixes\", \"Tagalog terms borrowed from Spanish\", \"Tagalog terms derived from Latin\", \"Tagalog terms derived from Spanish\", \"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script\", \"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"tl\", \"2\": \"es\", \"3\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Borrowed from Spanish a\", \"name\": \"bor+\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"tl\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"ad\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin ad\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Borrowed from Spanish a, from Latin ad.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"ᜀ\", \"tags\": [\"Baybayin\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"prefix\", \"b\": \"+\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- (Baybayin spelling ᜀ)\", \"name\": \"tl-head\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"a-\"], \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"lang_code\": \"tl\", \"pos\": \"prefix\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Tagalog terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"I'll go to you at the first of March.\", \"text\": \"Puntahan kita sa a-primero ng Marso.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"It is payday every 15ᵗʰ of every month.\", \"text\": \"Sahuran tuwing a-kinse ng bawat buwan.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Yesterday was the 31ˢᵗ.\", \"text\": \"A-treynta y uno kahapon.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"at (indicating time)\"], \"links\": [[\"at\", \"at\"]], \"tags\": [\"morpheme\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ʔa/\", \"tags\": [\"Standard-Tagalog\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[ʔɐ]\", \"tags\": [\"Standard-Tagalog\"]}], \"word\": \"a-\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "a-/Tagalog/prefix: invalid uppercase tag Standard-Tagalog not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Mindoro Tagalog\", \"Pages with 47 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Tagalog 1-syllable words\", \"Tagalog dialectal terms\", \"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header\", \"Tagalog lemmas\", \"Tagalog prefixes\", \"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script\", \"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"á-\", \"tags\": [\"canonical\"]}, {\"form\": \"ᜀ\", \"tags\": [\"Baybayin\"]}, {\"form\": \"Mindoro\", \"tags\": [\"dialectal\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"prefix\", \"2\": \"á-\", \"b\": \"+\"}, \"expansion\": \"á- (Baybayin spelling ᜀ)\", \"name\": \"tl-head\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"a-\"], \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"lang_code\": \"tl\", \"pos\": \"prefix\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"ga-\"}, {\"word\": \"maga-\"}, {\"word\": \"naga-\"}], \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"forms contemplative aspect forms for verbs in the object or directional trigger\"], \"tags\": [\"dialectal\", \"morpheme\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈʔa/\", \"tags\": [\"Standard-Tagalog\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[ˈʔaː]\", \"tags\": [\"Standard-Tagalog\"]}], \"word\": \"a-\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "a-/Tagalog/prefix: invalid uppercase tag Standard-Tagalog not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Mindoro Tagalog\", \"Pages with 47 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Tagalog 1-syllable words\", \"Tagalog dialectal terms\", \"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header\", \"Tagalog lemmas\", \"Tagalog prefixes\", \"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script\", \"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"á-\", \"tags\": [\"canonical\"]}, {\"form\": \"ᜀ\", \"tags\": [\"Baybayin\"]}, {\"form\": \"Mindoro\", \"tags\": [\"dialectal\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"prefix\", \"2\": \"á-\", \"b\": \"+\"}, \"expansion\": \"á- (Baybayin spelling ᜀ)\", \"name\": \"tl-head\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"a-\"], \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"lang_code\": \"tl\", \"pos\": \"prefix\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"ga-\"}, {\"word\": \"maga-\"}, {\"word\": \"naga-\"}], \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"forms contemplative aspect forms for verbs in the object or directional trigger\"], \"tags\": [\"dialectal\", \"morpheme\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈʔa/\", \"tags\": [\"Standard-Tagalog\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[ˈʔaː]\", \"tags\": [\"Standard-Tagalog\"]}], \"word\": \"a-\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "a-",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d6bf104 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.