See e- on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la:ex-<id:out>",
"id": "ex-, without",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-der.\nEnglish e-",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ē-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ē-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-der.\nEnglish e-\nFrom Latin ē-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. eluviation, edentulous, elenge"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives with the sense of something being absent, being removed, or moving outward."
],
"id": "en-e--en-prefix-en:without",
"links": [
[
"adjectives",
"adjective#Noun"
],
[
"absent",
"absent#Adjective"
],
[
"removed",
"remove#Verb"
],
[
"outward",
"outward#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Used to form adjectives with the sense of something being absent, being removed, or moving outward."
],
"senseid": [
"en:without"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ex-"
}
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":from",
"3": "en:electronic<id:electron>",
"id": "electronic, digital",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Italic *-kos\nLatin -cus\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éyti\nProto-Hellenic *éimi\nAncient Greek εἶμι (eîmi)der.\nEnglish ion\nEnglish electron\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish electronic\nEnglish e-",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "electronic"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of electronic",
"name": "abbreviation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Italic *-kos\nLatin -cus\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éyti\nProto-Hellenic *éimi\nAncient Greek εἶμι (eîmi)der.\nEnglish ion\nEnglish electron\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish electronic\nEnglish e-\nAbbreviation of electronic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "cyber-"
},
{
"word": "i-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In an electronic form, especially computerized and digital; often in association with the Internet."
],
"id": "en-e--en-prefix-en:digital",
"links": [
[
"electronic",
"electronic"
],
[
"computerized",
"computerized"
],
[
"digital",
"digital"
],
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:digital"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "e-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "E-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "cyber-"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "e-"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i-/"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":from",
"3": "en:emergency<id:urgent situation>",
"id": "emergency",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *mesg-\nProto-Indo-European *mésgeti\nLatin mergō\nLatin ēmergō\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nLatin -ns\nLatin -ēns\nLatin emergensbor.\nEnglish emergency\nEnglish e-",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "emergency"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of emergency",
"name": "abbreviation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *mesg-\nProto-Indo-European *mésgeti\nLatin mergō\nLatin ēmergō\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nLatin -ns\nLatin -ēns\nLatin emergensbor.\nEnglish emergency\nEnglish e-\nAbbreviation of emergency.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e-stop, e-brake"
}
],
"glosses": [
"For emergency purposes."
],
"id": "en-e--en-prefix-en:emergency",
"links": [
[
"emergency",
"emergency"
],
[
"purposes",
"purposes"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:emergency"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i-/"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":from",
"3": "en:electric<id:electricity>",
"id": "electric power",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Italic *-kos\nLatin -cus\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nEnglish e-",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "electric,electrical"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of electric or electrical",
"name": "abbreviation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Italic *-kos\nLatin -cus\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nEnglish e-\nAbbreviation of electric or electrical.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Marketing",
"orig": "en:Marketing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 4 19 32 0 27 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to prefix product names, to indicate an electrified or all-electric variant of the product, particularly cars."
],
"id": "en-e--en-prefix-en:electric_power",
"links": [
[
"marketing",
"marketing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate an electrified or all-electric variant of the product, particularly cars."
],
"senseid": [
"en:electric power"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"marketing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Marketing",
"orig": "en:Marketing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 9 19 29 0 23 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 4 19 32 0 27 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 4 19 24 0 18 1 10 3 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 7 23 29 0 22 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to prefix product names, to indicate an electrified or all-electric variant of the product, particularly cars.",
"Used to prefix product names, to indicate a battery-powered or onboard electric power source variant."
],
"id": "en-e--en-prefix-en:electric_power1",
"links": [
[
"marketing",
"marketing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate an electrified or all-electric variant of the product, particularly cars.",
"(marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate a battery-powered or onboard electric power source variant."
],
"senseid": [
"en:electric power"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"marketing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "e-stim",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Electric."
],
"id": "en-e--en-prefix-O5X~ba~w",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i-/"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":from",
"3": "en:embedded<id:lodged>",
"id": "embedded",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁en-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁en-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nOld Latin en\nLatin in\nLatin in-\nOld French en-bor.\nMiddle English en-\nEnglish en-\nProto-Germanic *badją\nProto-West Germanic *badi\nOld English bedd\nMiddle English bed\nEnglish bed\nEnglish embed\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Germanic *-ōdaz\nOld English -od\nMiddle English -ed\nEnglish -ed\nEnglish embedded\nEnglish e-",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "embedded"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of embedded",
"name": "abbreviation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁en-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁en-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nOld Latin en\nLatin in\nLatin in-\nOld French en-bor.\nMiddle English en-\nEnglish en-\nProto-Germanic *badją\nProto-West Germanic *badi\nOld English bedd\nMiddle English bed\nEnglish bed\nEnglish embed\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Germanic *-ōdaz\nOld English -od\nMiddle English -ed\nEnglish -ed\nEnglish embedded\nEnglish e-\nAbbreviation of embedded.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Electronics",
"orig": "en:Electronics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 4 19 32 0 27 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to prefix items that are embedded into devices, instead of being discrete or removable elements."
],
"id": "en-e--en-prefix-en:embedded",
"links": [
[
"electronics",
"electronics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(electronics) Used to prefix items that are embedded into devices, instead of being discrete or removable elements."
],
"senseid": [
"en:embedded"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"electrical-engineering",
"electricity",
"electromagnetism",
"electronics",
"energy",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":from",
"3": "en:educational<id:education>",
"id": "educational",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *dewk-\nProto-Indo-European *déwkti\nProto-Italic *doukō\nLatin dūcō\nLatin ēducō\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin ēducātiōder.\nEnglish education\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\nOld French -elbor.\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish educational\nEnglish e-",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "educational"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of educational",
"name": "abbreviation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *dewk-\nProto-Indo-European *déwkti\nProto-Italic *doukō\nLatin dūcō\nLatin ēducō\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin ēducātiōder.\nEnglish education\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\nOld French -elbor.\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish educational\nEnglish e-\nAbbreviation of educational.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"educational"
],
"id": "en-e--en-prefix-en:educational",
"links": [
[
"educational",
"educational"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:educational"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i-/"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_text": "Doublet of -e (“against”) (postpositional)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aht",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ahtna",
"lang_code": "aht",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ahtna entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 27 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"against (verbal prefix)"
],
"id": "en-e--aht-prefix-DtsMPhrk",
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cay",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cayuga",
"lang_code": "cay",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cayuga entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 27 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 1 0 6 4 1 1 0 2 3 0 2 0 4 4 5 1 2 5 3 5 5 0 0 0 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 6 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 27 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 1 0 5 3 0 0 0 2 3 0 2 0 3 3 4 1 2 5 2 5 4 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 6 0 0 0 1 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third person feminine agent pronominal prefix; she"
],
"id": "en-e--cay-prefix-p~eBq6DI",
"links": [
[
"third person",
"third person#English"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine#English"
],
[
"agent",
"agent#English"
],
[
"she",
"she"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third-person singular subject marker for tense modifying adverbs."
],
"id": "en-e--chk-prefix-5pAY-zAE",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one"
],
"id": "en-e--chk-prefix-dpLDrTVA",
"links": [
[
"one",
"one"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "en",
"3": "e-"
},
"expansion": "English e-",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English e-, abbreviation of electronic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 27 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"electronic; including the hyphen"
],
"id": "en-e--da-prefix-8uivdjNj",
"links": [
[
"electronic",
"electronic"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tfn",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dena'ina",
"lang_code": "tfn",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "esh- appearing before the ł- and l-classifiers"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dena'ina entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 27 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of esh- appearing before the ł- and l-classifiers"
],
"id": "en-e--tfn-prefix-MuY~Y~eO",
"links": [
[
"esh-",
"esh-#Dena'ina"
],
[
"ł-",
"ł-#Dena'ina"
],
[
"l-",
"l-#Dena'ina"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "esh-"
},
{
"word": "chʼe-"
},
{
"word": "n-"
},
{
"word": "i-"
},
{
"word": "eh-"
},
{
"word": "∅-"
},
{
"word": "qe-"
},
{
"word": "ye-"
},
{
"word": "kʼe-"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "en",
"3": "e-"
},
"expansion": "English e-",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English e-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 27 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "compounds",
"word": "e-julkaisu"
},
{
"sense": "compounds",
"word": "e-kirja"
},
{
"sense": "compounds",
"word": "e-lehti"
},
{
"sense": "compounds",
"word": "e-liiketoiminta"
},
{
"sense": "compounds",
"word": "e-opetus"
},
{
"sense": "compounds",
"word": "e-oppiminen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"e- (electronic)"
],
"id": "en-e--fi-prefix-9EqxXbwm",
"links": [
[
"e-",
"e-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeː/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈe̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kbt",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Gabadi",
"lang_code": "kbt",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gabadi entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e- + dibai'u (“to spear me”) → edibai'u (“He speared me”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "e- + gana (“to go”) → egana (“He/She went”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "e- + ganava (“to be going”) → eganava (“He/She is going”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marks the third-person singular subject on a verb"
],
"id": "en-e--kbt-prefix-kbt:3sg_subject",
"links": [
[
"third-person",
"third-person#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
],
[
"subject",
"subject#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"kbt:3sg_subject"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hz",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*ì-",
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"5": "Class 5 noun prefix",
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”)",
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"5": "Class 5 noun prefix"
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hz",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Herero",
"lang_code": "hz",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Herero entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 27 entries",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 5 noun prefix."
],
"id": "en-e--hz-prefix-cbRRX~ys",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iso",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Isoko",
"lang_code": "iso",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Prefix for creating nouns."
],
"id": "en-e--iso-prefix-vinUNhzg",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iso",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Isoko",
"lang_code": "iso",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Isoko entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Prefix for creating gerunds."
],
"id": "en-e--iso-prefix-ext-V6rw",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kj",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*ì-",
"4": "",
"5": "Class 5 noun prefix",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kj",
"2": "bnt-pro",
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"4": "",
"5": "Class 5 noun prefix"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kj",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kwanyama",
"lang_code": "kj",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kwanyama entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 27 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 5 noun prefix."
],
"id": "en-e--kj-noun-cbRRX~ys"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ē-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix form",
"head": "ē-"
},
"expansion": "ē-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "combining with b-, d-, g-, j-, l-, m-, n-, r-, and v-initial words",
"word": "ex-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 27 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of ex- (combining with b-, d-, g-, j-, l-, m-, n-, r-, and v-initial words)"
],
"id": "en-e--la-prefix-fOsXtSMs",
"links": [
[
"ex-",
"ex-#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈeː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɛː]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkj",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mokilese",
"lang_code": "mkj",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mokilese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 27 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ew"
},
{
"word": "emen"
},
{
"word": "ekij"
},
{
"word": "eijek"
}
],
"glosses": [
"number prefix for one"
],
"id": "en-e--mkj-prefix-TH9NA1af",
"links": [
[
"one",
"one"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ng",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*ì-",
"4": "",
"5": "Class 5 noun prefix",
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
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"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ng",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*ì-",
"4": "",
"5": "Class 5 noun prefix"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ng",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ndonga",
"lang_code": "ng",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ndonga entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 27 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 5 noun prefix."
],
"id": "en-e--ng-prefix-cbRRX~ys",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nd",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "relative concords"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nd",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Ndebele relative concords",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 4 relative concord."
],
"id": "en-e--nd-prefix-41h2rf4J",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nd",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "relative concords"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"pos": "prefix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Ndebele relative concords",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 9 relative concord."
],
"id": "en-e--nd-prefix-u00bi5Kb",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nd",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "adjective concords"
},
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"name": "head"
}
],
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"pos": "prefix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Ndebele adjective concords",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 9 adjective concord."
],
"id": "en-e--nd-prefix-UgH1arfP",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "class A infixed pronoun",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "e- (class A infixed pronoun)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "A"
},
"expansion": "e- (class A infixed pronoun)",
"name": "sga-infixed pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "him, it",
"word": "a-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 27 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of a- (“him, it”)"
],
"id": "en-e--sga-prefix-CVyUFJf~",
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#Old_Irish"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex"
},
{
"word": "m-L"
},
{
"word": "dom-L"
},
{
"word": "dam-L"
},
{
"word": "-um"
},
{
"word": "t-L"
},
{
"word": "dot-L"
},
{
"word": "dat-L"
},
{
"word": "dut-L"
},
{
"word": "dit-L"
},
{
"word": "-ut"
},
{
"word": "a-N"
},
{
"word": "e-N"
},
{
"word": "d-N"
},
{
"word": "id-N"
},
{
"word": "did-N"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "-it"
},
{
"word": "s-(N)"
},
{
"word": "da-"
},
{
"word": "-us"
},
{
"word": "a-L"
},
{
"word": "e-L"
},
{
"word": "d-L"
},
{
"word": "id-L"
},
{
"word": "did-L"
},
{
"word": "n-"
},
{
"word": "don-"
},
{
"word": "dun-"
},
{
"word": "dan-"
},
{
"word": "-unn"
},
{
"word": "b-"
},
{
"word": "dob-"
},
{
"word": "dub-"
},
{
"word": "dab-"
},
{
"word": "-uib"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"class-A",
"infix",
"morpheme",
"pronoun"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:e-<id:electronic, digital>",
"id": "electronic",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Italic *-kos\nLatin -cus\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éyti\nProto-Hellenic *éimi\nAncient Greek εἶμι (eîmi)der.\nEnglish ion\nEnglish electron\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish electronic\nEnglish e-bor.\nPolish e-",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "e-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English e-",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Italic *-kos\nLatin -cus\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éyti\nProto-Hellenic *éimi\nAncient Greek εἶμι (eîmi)der.\nEnglish ion\nEnglish electron\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish electronic\nEnglish e-bor.\nPolish e-\nBorrowed from English e-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 27 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e- + papier → e-papier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"e-, as relating to electronics or the internet"
],
"id": "en-e--pl-prefix-J9MATib-",
"links": [
[
"e-",
"e-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛ"
},
{
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{
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{
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{
"text": "e- + ho (“who”) → eho (“whoever”)",
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],
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],
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],
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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],
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],
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],
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[
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"it"
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],
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],
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],
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],
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"2": "prefix"
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],
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"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
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{
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{
"text": "e- + post (“post, mail”) → e-bost (“email”)",
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{
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],
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{
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],
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{
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{
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{
"form": "e-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "he-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ex-, out of",
"word": "ech-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to effervesce",
"translation": "to effervesce",
"word": "eferwi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of ech- (“ex-, out of”)"
],
"id": "en-e--cy-prefix-sGSJ8j0P",
"links": [
[
"ech-",
"ech-#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛ/"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "relative concords"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Xhosa relative concords",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 4 relative concord."
],
"id": "en-e--xh-prefix-41h2rf4J",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "relative concords"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Xhosa relative concords",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 9 relative concord."
],
"id": "en-e--xh-prefix-u00bi5Kb",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 28 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Xhosa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at, on, in; locative prefix."
],
"id": "en-e--xh-prefix-miXK7-iw",
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Perhaps originally related to or a variant form of öt-, which has an allomorphic form e- in some related languages. However, note that intransitive verbs formed with öt- have agent-like arguments, whereas those formed with e- have patient-like arguments.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"converts a transitive verb into an intransitive verb with a patient-like argument, variously with reflexive, reciprocal, or passive meaning"
],
"id": "en-e--mch-prefix-M0~~HJcv",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[e-]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ethnos360"
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attaches to possessed nouns beginning with ö when the possessor is first- or second-person or is indicated by a full noun preceding the possessed noun"
],
"id": "en-e--mch-prefix-F6yvRhPf",
"links": [
[
"attach",
"attach#English"
],
[
"possessed",
"possessed#English"
],
[
"possessor",
"possessor#English"
],
[
"first-",
"first person#English"
],
[
"second-person",
"second person#English"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[e-]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ethnos360"
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zom",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zou",
"lang_code": "zom",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 27 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zou entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e- + ne (“to eat”) → ene (“eater”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form agent nouns from verbs; -er"
],
"id": "en-e--zom-prefix-1i07bzi3",
"links": [
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə˧/"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "a-",
"3": "i-",
"t1": "relative",
"t2": "class 4"
},
"expansion": "a- (“relative”) + i- (“class 4”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- (“relative”) + i- (“class 4”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ḗ-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "relative concords",
"head": "ḗ-"
},
"expansion": "ḗ-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu relative concords",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu terms prefixed with a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu terms prefixed with i-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 4 relative concord."
],
"id": "en-e--zu-prefix-41h2rf4J",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "a-",
"3": "i-",
"t1": "relative",
"t2": "class 9"
},
"expansion": "a- (“relative”) + i- (“class 9”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- (“relative”) + i- (“class 9”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ḗ-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "relative concords",
"head": "ḗ-"
},
"expansion": "ḗ-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu relative concords",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu terms prefixed with a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu terms prefixed with i-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 9 relative concord."
],
"id": "en-e--zu-prefix-u00bi5Kb",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to Rwanda-Rundi i.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 28 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at, on, in; locative prefix."
],
"id": "en-e--zu-prefix-miXK7-iw",
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"word": "*e-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "this"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Uralic",
"lang_code": "urj-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/e-",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Uralic pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"this"
],
"id": "en-e--urj-pro-pron-HreWAkEe",
"links": [
[
"this",
"this"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"word": "*e-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Permic",
"lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
"word": "*ɔ-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"roman": "eź",
"word": "эзь"
},
{
"lang": "Moksha",
"lang_code": "mdf",
"roman": "iź",
"word": "изь"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mordvinic",
"lang_code": "urj-mdv-pro",
"word": "*e-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"roman": "eź",
"word": "эзь"
},
{
"lang": "Moksha",
"lang_code": "mdf",
"roman": "iź",
"word": "изь"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mordvinic",
"lang_code": "urj-mdv-pro",
"word": "*i-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"roman": "eź",
"word": "эзь"
},
{
"lang": "Moksha",
"lang_code": "mdf",
"roman": "iź",
"word": "изь"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mordvinic",
"lang_code": "urj-mdv-pro",
"word": "*a-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Southern Sami",
"lang_code": "sma",
"word": "ij"
},
{
"lang": "Ume Sami",
"lang_code": "sju",
"word": "ij"
},
{
"lang": "Pite Sami",
"lang_code": "sje",
"word": "ij"
},
{
"lang": "Lule Sami",
"lang_code": "smj",
"word": "ij"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"lang_code": "se",
"word": "ii"
}
],
"lang": "Western Samic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Inari Sami",
"lang_code": "smn",
"word": "ij"
},
{
"lang": "Skolt Sami",
"lang_code": "sms",
"word": "ij"
},
{
"lang": "Akkala Sami",
"lang_code": "sia",
"roman": "ij",
"word": "ий"
}
],
"lang": "Eastern Samic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samic",
"lang_code": "smi-pro",
"word": "*i-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"word": "*e-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "not"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "qfa-yuk-pro",
"2": "*əl-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Yukaghir *əl-",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*ese"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *ese",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*e-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *e-",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sometimes compared to Proto-Yukaghir *əl-, Proto-Mongolic *ese and Proto-Tungusic *e-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Uralic",
"lang_code": "urj-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/e-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 35 2 2 12 2 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Uralic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"not; the negative verb."
],
"id": "en-e--urj-pro-verb-V-ciaO9V",
"related": [
{
"english": "don't",
"translation": "don't",
"word": "älä- imperative stem"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northeastern",
"lang_code": "bsh",
"word": "e-"
},
{
"lang": "Southeastern",
"lang_code": "bsh",
"word": "ye-"
},
{
"lang": "Western",
"lang_code": "bsh",
"word": "e-"
}
],
"lang": "Kamkata-viri",
"lang_code": "bsh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kegal",
"lang_code": "wbk",
"word": "e-"
},
{
"lang": "Nisheigram",
"lang_code": "wbk",
"word": "e-"
},
{
"lang": "Waigal",
"lang_code": "wbk",
"word": "ē-"
},
{
"lang": "Zhonchigal",
"lang_code": "wbk",
"word": "ē-"
}
],
"lang": "Waigali",
"lang_code": "wbk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-nur-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*Háyti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háyti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háyti.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-nur-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Nuristani",
"lang_code": "iir-nur-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Nuristani/e-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Nuristani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to go"
],
"id": "en-e--iir-nur-pro-verb-gNM9bcDR",
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pole"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Karelian",
"lang_code": "krl",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"lang": "South Karelian",
"lang_code": "krl",
"word": "ei"
}
],
"lang": "Karelian",
"lang_code": "krl"
},
{
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"word": "ä’b"
},
{
"lang": "Livvi",
"lang_code": "olo",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"lang": "Ludian",
"lang_code": "lud",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"word": "eb"
},
{
"lang": "Võro",
"lang_code": "vro",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"lang": "Võro",
"lang_code": "vro",
"word": "eiq"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*e-",
"id": "not"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *e-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*i-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *i-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ii"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami ii",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a- (negative verb stem). Cognate with Proto-Samic *i- (whence Northern Sami ii). The imperative forms are from the Proto-Uralic negative imperative verb stem *älä-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "e-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "esin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "et",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "esit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "äläk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "epi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "epä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägäsen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ekmek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ekmäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "esimek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "esimäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "älägätemek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "älägätämäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ektek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ektäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esidek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esidäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägäte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägätä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ebät",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "epi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägäsen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/e-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ehkä"
},
{
"word": "? *eksüdäk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The negative verb, not"
],
"id": "en-e--urj-fin-pro-verb-fwf-2wZ4",
"links": [
[
"negative verb",
"negative verb#English"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tungusic",
"lang_code": "tuw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/e-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"not"
],
"id": "en-e--tuw-pro-prefix-JUu5e1fx",
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ā(n)-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Even",
"lang_code": "eve",
"roman": "ə-",
"word": "э-"
},
{
"lang": "Evenki",
"lang_code": "evn",
"roman": "ə-",
"word": "э-"
},
{
"lang": "Evenki",
"lang_code": "evn",
"roman": "əmī",
"word": "эмӣ"
},
{
"lang": "Negidal",
"lang_code": "neg",
"roman": "e-",
"word": "э-"
},
{
"lang": "Oroqen",
"lang_code": "orh",
"word": "ə-"
},
{
"lang": "Solon",
"lang_code": "tuw-sol",
"word": "e-"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Tungusic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Oroch",
"lang_code": "oac",
"roman": "e-",
"word": "э-"
},
{
"lang": "Oroch",
"lang_code": "oac",
"roman": "eʒi-",
"word": "эӡи"
},
{
"lang": "Udihe",
"lang_code": "ude",
"roman": "e-",
"word": "э-"
},
{
"lang": "Udihe",
"lang_code": "ude",
"roman": "ejni",
"word": "эйни"
}
],
"lang": "Central",
"lang_code": "ckb"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Orok",
"lang_code": "oaa",
"roman": "e-",
"word": "э-"
},
{
"lang": "Ulch",
"lang_code": "ulc",
"roman": "eʒi",
"word": "эди"
}
],
"lang": "South-Eastern",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Tungusic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Tungusic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tungusic",
"lang_code": "tuw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/e-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Tungusic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e- → *esinbi (“I don't (present)”) (or *esībi ?)"
},
{
"text": "e- → *ečinbi (“I didn't”) (or *ečēbi ?)"
},
{
"text": "e- → *etēnbi (“I won't”)"
},
{
"english": "I don't take [it].",
"ref": "e- → *eʒī (“Don't!”)",
"text": "gada esinbi.",
"translation": "I don't take [it]."
}
],
"glosses": [
"An auxiliary verb denoting negativity."
],
"id": "en-e--tuw-pro-verb-ZrSzYWyx",
"links": [
[
"negativity",
"negativity"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Forest Enets",
"lang_code": "enf",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "eki",
"word": "эки"
},
{
"lang": "Tundra Enets",
"lang_code": "enh",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "eke",
"word": "экэ"
}
],
"lang": "Enets",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Kamassian",
"lang_code": "xas",
"roman": "idə",
"word": "идә"
},
{
"lang": "Mator",
"lang_code": "mtm",
"roman": "idi",
"sense": "that",
"word": "иди"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*e-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *e-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *e-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/e-",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Samoyedic pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"this"
],
"id": "en-e--syd-pro-pron-HreWAkEe",
"links": [
[
"this",
"this"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Nganasan",
"lang_code": "nio",
"roman": "njisɨ",
"word": "нисы"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Forest Enets",
"lang_code": "enf",
"roman": "iš'",
"word": "иҫь"
},
{
"lang": "Tundra Enets",
"lang_code": "enh",
"roman": "iše",
"word": "ише"
}
],
"lang": "Enets",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Forest Nenets",
"lang_code": "syd-fne",
"roman": "nyi",
"sense": "no",
"word": "ни"
},
{
"lang": "Tundra Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk",
"roman": "nyisʹ°",
"word": "нись"
}
],
"lang": "Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"roman": "ašša",
"word": "ашша"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"roman": "yky",
"word": "ыкы"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"word": "ā"
},
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"word": "аӽа́"
},
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "yg",
"word": "ыг"
},
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "ȳg",
"word": "ы̄г"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Ob",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "as",
"word": "ас"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Ob",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "iog",
"word": "iог"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-sou"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-pro",
"word": "*ašša"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"roman": "ašša",
"word": "ашша"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"roman": "yky",
"word": "ыкы"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"word": "ā"
},
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"word": "аӽа́"
},
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "yg",
"word": "ыг"
},
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "ȳg",
"word": "ы̄г"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Ob",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "as",
"word": "ас"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Ob",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "iog",
"word": "iог"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-sou"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-pro",
"word": "*i̮kə"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Koibal",
"lang_code": "zkb",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "abi",
"sense": "no; not",
"word": "аби"
}
],
"lang": "Kamassian",
"lang_code": "xas",
"roman": "eźət",
"word": "езьәт"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Koibal",
"lang_code": "zkb",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "abi",
"sense": "no; not",
"word": "аби"
}
],
"lang": "Kamassian",
"lang_code": "xas",
"roman": "ej",
"sense": "no; not",
"word": "ей"
},
{
"lang": "Mator",
"lang_code": "mtm",
"roman": "i-",
"word": "и-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*e-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *e-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *e-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/e-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Samoyedic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"not (negative verb)"
],
"id": "en-e--syd-pro-verb-a3jRhTpl",
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"word": "ӣӄо"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "ígu",
"word": "и́гу"
},
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "jīgu",
"word": "ӣгу"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Ob",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "iigu",
"word": "иигу"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-sou"
}
],
"lang": "Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Koibal",
"lang_code": "zkb",
"roman": "i-",
"word": "и-"
}
],
"lang": "Kamassian",
"lang_code": "xas",
"roman": "iźət",
"word": "изьәт"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*wexe-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *wexe-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely from Proto-Uralic *wexe-, with an irregular loss of initial *w-. Compare a similar development in *åəj- (“to be”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/e-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to take, grab"
],
"id": "en-e--syd-pro-verb--vLbXNgG",
"links": [
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"grab",
"grab"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_text": "Doublet of -e (“against”) (postpositional)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aht",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ahtna",
"lang_code": "aht",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ahtna entries with incorrect language header",
"Ahtna lemmas",
"Ahtna prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"against (verbal prefix)"
],
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cay",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cayuga",
"lang_code": "cay",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cayuga entries with incorrect language header",
"Cayuga lemmas",
"Cayuga prefixes",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"third person feminine agent pronominal prefix; she"
],
"links": [
[
"third person",
"third person#English"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine#English"
],
[
"agent",
"agent#English"
],
[
"she",
"she"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chuukese lemmas",
"Chuukese prefixes",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Third-person singular subject marker for tense modifying adverbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one"
],
"links": [
[
"one",
"one"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "en",
"3": "e-"
},
"expansion": "English e-",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English e-, abbreviation of electronic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish prefixes",
"Danish terms borrowed from English",
"Danish terms derived from English",
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"electronic; including the hyphen"
],
"links": [
[
"electronic",
"electronic"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tfn",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dena'ina",
"lang_code": "tfn",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "esh-"
},
{
"word": "chʼe-"
},
{
"word": "n-"
},
{
"word": "i-"
},
{
"word": "eh-"
},
{
"word": "∅-"
},
{
"word": "qe-"
},
{
"word": "ye-"
},
{
"word": "kʼe-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "esh- appearing before the ł- and l-classifiers"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dena'ina entries with incorrect language header",
"Dena'ina lemmas",
"Dena'ina prefixes",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of esh- appearing before the ł- and l-classifiers"
],
"links": [
[
"esh-",
"esh-#Dena'ina"
],
[
"ł-",
"ł-#Dena'ina"
],
[
"l-",
"l-#Dena'ina"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English abbreviations",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la:ex-<id:out>",
"id": "ex-, without",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-der.\nEnglish e-",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ē-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ē-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-der.\nEnglish e-\nFrom Latin ē-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. eluviation, edentulous, elenge"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives with the sense of something being absent, being removed, or moving outward."
],
"links": [
[
"adjectives",
"adjective#Noun"
],
[
"absent",
"absent#Adjective"
],
[
"removed",
"remove#Verb"
],
[
"outward",
"outward#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Used to form adjectives with the sense of something being absent, being removed, or moving outward."
],
"senseid": [
"en:without"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ex-"
}
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English abbreviations",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from New Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Translation table header lacks gloss"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":from",
"3": "en:electronic<id:electron>",
"id": "electronic, digital",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Italic *-kos\nLatin -cus\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éyti\nProto-Hellenic *éimi\nAncient Greek εἶμι (eîmi)der.\nEnglish ion\nEnglish electron\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish electronic\nEnglish e-",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "electronic"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of electronic",
"name": "abbreviation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Italic *-kos\nLatin -cus\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éyti\nProto-Hellenic *éimi\nAncient Greek εἶμι (eîmi)der.\nEnglish ion\nEnglish electron\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish electronic\nEnglish e-\nAbbreviation of electronic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "cyber-"
},
{
"word": "i-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In an electronic form, especially computerized and digital; often in association with the Internet."
],
"links": [
[
"electronic",
"electronic"
],
[
"computerized",
"computerized"
],
[
"digital",
"digital"
],
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:digital"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i-/"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "e-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "E-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "cyber-"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "e-"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English abbreviations",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mesg-",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":from",
"3": "en:emergency<id:urgent situation>",
"id": "emergency",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *mesg-\nProto-Indo-European *mésgeti\nLatin mergō\nLatin ēmergō\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nLatin -ns\nLatin -ēns\nLatin emergensbor.\nEnglish emergency\nEnglish e-",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "emergency"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of emergency",
"name": "abbreviation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *mesg-\nProto-Indo-European *mésgeti\nLatin mergō\nLatin ēmergō\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nLatin -ns\nLatin -ēns\nLatin emergensbor.\nEnglish emergency\nEnglish e-\nAbbreviation of emergency.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e-stop, e-brake"
}
],
"glosses": [
"For emergency purposes."
],
"links": [
[
"emergency",
"emergency"
],
[
"purposes",
"purposes"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:emergency"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i-/"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English abbreviations",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from New Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":from",
"3": "en:electric<id:electricity>",
"id": "electric power",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Italic *-kos\nLatin -cus\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nEnglish e-",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "electric,electrical"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of electric or electrical",
"name": "abbreviation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Italic *-kos\nLatin -cus\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nEnglish e-\nAbbreviation of electric or electrical.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Marketing"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to prefix product names, to indicate an electrified or all-electric variant of the product, particularly cars."
],
"links": [
[
"marketing",
"marketing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate an electrified or all-electric variant of the product, particularly cars."
],
"senseid": [
"en:electric power"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"marketing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Marketing"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to prefix product names, to indicate an electrified or all-electric variant of the product, particularly cars.",
"Used to prefix product names, to indicate a battery-powered or onboard electric power source variant."
],
"links": [
[
"marketing",
"marketing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate an electrified or all-electric variant of the product, particularly cars.",
"(marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate a battery-powered or onboard electric power source variant."
],
"senseid": [
"en:electric power"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"marketing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "e-stim",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Electric."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i-/"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English abbreviations",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Old Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":from",
"3": "en:embedded<id:lodged>",
"id": "embedded",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁en-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁en-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nOld Latin en\nLatin in\nLatin in-\nOld French en-bor.\nMiddle English en-\nEnglish en-\nProto-Germanic *badją\nProto-West Germanic *badi\nOld English bedd\nMiddle English bed\nEnglish bed\nEnglish embed\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Germanic *-ōdaz\nOld English -od\nMiddle English -ed\nEnglish -ed\nEnglish embedded\nEnglish e-",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "embedded"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of embedded",
"name": "abbreviation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁en-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁en-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nOld Latin en\nLatin in\nLatin in-\nOld French en-bor.\nMiddle English en-\nEnglish en-\nProto-Germanic *badją\nProto-West Germanic *badi\nOld English bedd\nMiddle English bed\nEnglish bed\nEnglish embed\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Germanic *-ōdaz\nOld English -od\nMiddle English -ed\nEnglish -ed\nEnglish embedded\nEnglish e-\nAbbreviation of embedded.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Electronics"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to prefix items that are embedded into devices, instead of being discrete or removable elements."
],
"links": [
[
"electronics",
"electronics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(electronics) Used to prefix items that are embedded into devices, instead of being discrete or removable elements."
],
"senseid": [
"en:embedded"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"electrical-engineering",
"electricity",
"electromagnetism",
"electronics",
"energy",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English abbreviations",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":from",
"3": "en:educational<id:education>",
"id": "educational",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *dewk-\nProto-Indo-European *déwkti\nProto-Italic *doukō\nLatin dūcō\nLatin ēducō\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin ēducātiōder.\nEnglish education\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\nOld French -elbor.\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish educational\nEnglish e-",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "educational"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of educational",
"name": "abbreviation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *dewk-\nProto-Indo-European *déwkti\nProto-Italic *doukō\nLatin dūcō\nLatin ēducō\nProto-Indo-European *-tisder.\nProto-Italic *-tjō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin ēducātiōder.\nEnglish education\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\nOld French -elbor.\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish educational\nEnglish e-\nAbbreviation of educational.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"educational"
],
"links": [
[
"educational",
"educational"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:educational"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i-/"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "compounds",
"word": "e-julkaisu"
},
{
"sense": "compounds",
"word": "e-kirja"
},
{
"sense": "compounds",
"word": "e-lehti"
},
{
"sense": "compounds",
"word": "e-liiketoiminta"
},
{
"sense": "compounds",
"word": "e-opetus"
},
{
"sense": "compounds",
"word": "e-oppiminen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "en",
"3": "e-"
},
"expansion": "English e-",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English e-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish 1-syllable words",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish prefixes",
"Finnish terms borrowed from English",
"Finnish terms derived from English",
"Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"e- (electronic)"
],
"links": [
[
"e-",
"e-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeː/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈe̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kbt",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Gabadi",
"lang_code": "kbt",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Gabadi entries with incorrect language header",
"Gabadi lemmas",
"Gabadi prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e- + dibai'u (“to spear me”) → edibai'u (“He speared me”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "e- + gana (“to go”) → egana (“He/She went”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "e- + ganava (“to be going”) → eganava (“He/She is going”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marks the third-person singular subject on a verb"
],
"links": [
[
"third-person",
"third-person#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
],
[
"subject",
"subject#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"kbt:3sg_subject"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hz",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*ì-",
"4": "",
"5": "Class 5 noun prefix",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hz",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*ì-",
"4": "",
"5": "Class 5 noun prefix"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hz",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Herero",
"lang_code": "hz",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Herero entries with incorrect language header",
"Herero lemmas",
"Herero noun prefixes",
"Herero prefixes",
"Herero terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Herero terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Pages with 27 entries",
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}
],
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}
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],
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"Prefix for creating nouns."
],
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]
}
],
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}
{
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]
}
],
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}
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],
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},
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},
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"ts": ""
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”)",
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"2": "prefix",
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}
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"Kwanyama lemmas",
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],
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}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries"
],
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"form": "ē-",
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"canonical"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix form",
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},
"expansion": "ē-",
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}
],
"lang": "Latin",
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{
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{
"extra": "combining with b-, d-, g-, j-, l-, m-, n-, r-, and v-initial words",
"word": "ex-"
}
],
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"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
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"Pages with entries"
],
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],
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[
"ex-",
"ex-#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈeː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɛː]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ew"
},
{
"word": "emen"
},
{
"word": "ekij"
},
{
"word": "eijek"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "mkj",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mokilese",
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{
"categories": [
"Mokilese entries with incorrect language header",
"Mokilese lemmas",
"Mokilese numerical prefixes",
"Mokilese prefixes",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"number prefix for one"
],
"links": [
[
"one",
"one"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
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{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "glossary"
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{
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"pos": "",
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"sort": "",
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},
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{
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"5": "Class 5 noun prefix"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ì- (“Class 5 noun prefix”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ng",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
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"name": "head"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
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"Ndonga lemmas",
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"Ndonga terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Ndonga terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
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],
"glosses": [
"Class 5 noun prefix."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Northern Ndebele adjective concords",
"Northern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
"Northern Ndebele lemmas",
"Northern Ndebele prefixes",
"Northern Ndebele relative concords",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
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"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "relative concords"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "nd",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Class 4 relative concord."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Northern Ndebele adjective concords",
"Northern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
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"args": {
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}
],
"lang": "Northern Ndebele",
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"pos": "prefix",
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{
"glosses": [
"Class 9 relative concord."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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}
{
"categories": [
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"Northern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
"Northern Ndebele lemmas",
"Northern Ndebele prefixes",
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],
"etymology_number": 3,
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"args": {
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}
],
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"glosses": [
"Class 9 adjective concord."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "prefix",
"3": "class A infixed pronoun",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "A"
},
"expansion": "e- (class A infixed pronoun)",
"name": "sga-infixed pronoun"
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],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex"
},
{
"word": "m-L"
},
{
"word": "dom-L"
},
{
"word": "dam-L"
},
{
"word": "-um"
},
{
"word": "t-L"
},
{
"word": "dot-L"
},
{
"word": "dat-L"
},
{
"word": "dut-L"
},
{
"word": "dit-L"
},
{
"word": "-ut"
},
{
"word": "a-N"
},
{
"word": "e-N"
},
{
"word": "d-N"
},
{
"word": "id-N"
},
{
"word": "did-N"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "-it"
},
{
"word": "s-(N)"
},
{
"word": "da-"
},
{
"word": "-us"
},
{
"word": "a-L"
},
{
"word": "e-L"
},
{
"word": "d-L"
},
{
"word": "id-L"
},
{
"word": "did-L"
},
{
"word": "n-"
},
{
"word": "don-"
},
{
"word": "dun-"
},
{
"word": "dan-"
},
{
"word": "-unn"
},
{
"word": "b-"
},
{
"word": "dob-"
},
{
"word": "dub-"
},
{
"word": "dab-"
},
{
"word": "-uib"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "him, it",
"word": "a-"
}
],
"categories": [
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"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish personal pronouns",
"Old Irish prefixes",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"a-",
"a-#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"class-A",
"infix",
"morpheme",
"pronoun"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:e-<id:electronic, digital>",
"id": "electronic",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Italic *-kos\nLatin -cus\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éyti\nProto-Hellenic *éimi\nAncient Greek εἶμι (eîmi)der.\nEnglish ion\nEnglish electron\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish electronic\nEnglish e-bor.\nPolish e-",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "e-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English e-",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor.\nLatin ēlectrum\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Italic *-kos\nLatin -cus\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin ēlectricusbor.\nEnglish electric\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éyti\nProto-Hellenic *éimi\nAncient Greek εἶμι (eîmi)der.\nEnglish ion\nEnglish electron\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish electronic\nEnglish e-bor.\nPolish e-\nBorrowed from English e-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish prefixes",
"Polish terms borrowed from English",
"Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Middle English",
"Polish terms derived from New Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Old French",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey-",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/i",
"Rhymes:Polish/i/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛ/1 syllable"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e- + papier → e-papier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"e-, as relating to electronics or the internet"
],
"links": [
[
"e-",
"e-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-i"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese prefixes"
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "em- used before M and N"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of em- used before M and N"
],
"links": [
[
"em-",
"em-#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "outward motion",
"word": "ex-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of ex- (outward motion)"
],
"links": [
[
"ex-",
"ex-#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ehkä"
},
{
"word": "? *eksüdäk"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pole"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Karelian",
"lang_code": "krl",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"lang": "South Karelian",
"lang_code": "krl",
"word": "ei"
}
],
"lang": "Karelian",
"lang_code": "krl"
},
{
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"word": "ä’b"
},
{
"lang": "Livvi",
"lang_code": "olo",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"lang": "Ludian",
"lang_code": "lud",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"word": "eb"
},
{
"lang": "Võro",
"lang_code": "vro",
"word": "ei"
},
{
"lang": "Võro",
"lang_code": "vro",
"word": "eiq"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*e-",
"id": "not"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *e-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*i-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *i-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ii"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami ii",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a- (negative verb stem). Cognate with Proto-Samic *i- (whence Northern Sami ii). The imperative forms are from the Proto-Uralic negative imperative verb stem *älä-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "e-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "esin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "et",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "esit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "äläk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "epi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "epä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägäsen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ekmek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ekmäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "esimek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "esimäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "älägätemek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "älägätämäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ektek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ektäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esidek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esidäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägäte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägätä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ebät",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "epi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägäsen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/e-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"The negative verb, not"
],
"links": [
[
"negative verb",
"negative verb#English"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northeastern",
"lang_code": "bsh",
"word": "e-"
},
{
"lang": "Southeastern",
"lang_code": "bsh",
"word": "ye-"
},
{
"lang": "Western",
"lang_code": "bsh",
"word": "e-"
}
],
"lang": "Kamkata-viri",
"lang_code": "bsh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kegal",
"lang_code": "wbk",
"word": "e-"
},
{
"lang": "Nisheigram",
"lang_code": "wbk",
"word": "e-"
},
{
"lang": "Waigal",
"lang_code": "wbk",
"word": "ē-"
},
{
"lang": "Zhonchigal",
"lang_code": "wbk",
"word": "ē-"
}
],
"lang": "Waigali",
"lang_code": "wbk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-nur-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*Háyti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háyti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háyti.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-nur-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Nuristani",
"lang_code": "iir-nur-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Nuristani/e-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Nuristani entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Nuristani lemmas",
"Proto-Nuristani terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Proto-Nuristani terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Proto-Nuristani verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to go"
],
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Samoyedic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Samoyedic lemmas",
"Proto-Samoyedic pronouns",
"Proto-Samoyedic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Samoyedic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Samoyedic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Forest Enets",
"lang_code": "enf",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "eki",
"word": "эки"
},
{
"lang": "Tundra Enets",
"lang_code": "enh",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "eke",
"word": "экэ"
}
],
"lang": "Enets",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Kamassian",
"lang_code": "xas",
"roman": "idə",
"word": "идә"
},
{
"lang": "Mator",
"lang_code": "mtm",
"roman": "idi",
"sense": "that",
"word": "иди"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*e-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *e-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *e-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/e-",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"this"
],
"links": [
[
"this",
"this"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Samoyedic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Samoyedic lemmas",
"Proto-Samoyedic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Samoyedic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Samoyedic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Nganasan",
"lang_code": "nio",
"roman": "njisɨ",
"word": "нисы"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Forest Enets",
"lang_code": "enf",
"roman": "iš'",
"word": "иҫь"
},
{
"lang": "Tundra Enets",
"lang_code": "enh",
"roman": "iše",
"word": "ише"
}
],
"lang": "Enets",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Forest Nenets",
"lang_code": "syd-fne",
"roman": "nyi",
"sense": "no",
"word": "ни"
},
{
"lang": "Tundra Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk",
"roman": "nyisʹ°",
"word": "нись"
}
],
"lang": "Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"roman": "ašša",
"word": "ашша"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"roman": "yky",
"word": "ыкы"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"word": "ā"
},
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"word": "аӽа́"
},
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "yg",
"word": "ыг"
},
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "ȳg",
"word": "ы̄г"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Ob",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "as",
"word": "ас"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Ob",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "iog",
"word": "iог"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-sou"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-pro",
"word": "*ašša"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"roman": "ašša",
"word": "ашша"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"roman": "yky",
"word": "ыкы"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"word": "ā"
},
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"word": "аӽа́"
},
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "yg",
"word": "ыг"
},
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "ȳg",
"word": "ы̄г"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Ob",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "as",
"word": "ас"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Ob",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "iog",
"word": "iог"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-sou"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-pro",
"word": "*i̮kə"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Koibal",
"lang_code": "zkb",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "abi",
"sense": "no; not",
"word": "аби"
}
],
"lang": "Kamassian",
"lang_code": "xas",
"roman": "eźət",
"word": "езьәт"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Koibal",
"lang_code": "zkb",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "abi",
"sense": "no; not",
"word": "аби"
}
],
"lang": "Kamassian",
"lang_code": "xas",
"roman": "ej",
"sense": "no; not",
"word": "ей"
},
{
"lang": "Mator",
"lang_code": "mtm",
"roman": "i-",
"word": "и-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*e-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *e-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *e-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/e-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"not (negative verb)"
],
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Samoyedic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Samoyedic lemmas",
"Proto-Samoyedic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Samoyedic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Samoyedic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"word": "ӣӄо"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "ígu",
"word": "и́гу"
},
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "jīgu",
"word": "ӣгу"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Ob",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "iigu",
"word": "иигу"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-sou"
}
],
"lang": "Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Koibal",
"lang_code": "zkb",
"roman": "i-",
"word": "и-"
}
],
"lang": "Kamassian",
"lang_code": "xas",
"roman": "iźət",
"word": "изьәт"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*wexe-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *wexe-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely from Proto-Uralic *wexe-, with an irregular loss of initial *w-. Compare a similar development in *åəj- (“to be”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/e-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to take, grab"
],
"links": [
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"grab",
"grab"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Tungusic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Tungusic lemmas",
"Proto-Tungusic prefixes",
"Proto-Tungusic verbs"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tungusic",
"lang_code": "tuw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/e-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"not"
],
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ā(n)-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Tungusic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Tungusic lemmas",
"Proto-Tungusic prefixes",
"Proto-Tungusic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Even",
"lang_code": "eve",
"roman": "ə-",
"word": "э-"
},
{
"lang": "Evenki",
"lang_code": "evn",
"roman": "ə-",
"word": "э-"
},
{
"lang": "Evenki",
"lang_code": "evn",
"roman": "əmī",
"word": "эмӣ"
},
{
"lang": "Negidal",
"lang_code": "neg",
"roman": "e-",
"word": "э-"
},
{
"lang": "Oroqen",
"lang_code": "orh",
"word": "ə-"
},
{
"lang": "Solon",
"lang_code": "tuw-sol",
"word": "e-"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Tungusic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Oroch",
"lang_code": "oac",
"roman": "e-",
"word": "э-"
},
{
"lang": "Oroch",
"lang_code": "oac",
"roman": "eʒi-",
"word": "эӡи"
},
{
"lang": "Udihe",
"lang_code": "ude",
"roman": "e-",
"word": "э-"
},
{
"lang": "Udihe",
"lang_code": "ude",
"roman": "ejni",
"word": "эйни"
}
],
"lang": "Central",
"lang_code": "ckb"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Orok",
"lang_code": "oaa",
"roman": "e-",
"word": "э-"
},
{
"lang": "Ulch",
"lang_code": "ulc",
"roman": "eʒi",
"word": "эди"
}
],
"lang": "South-Eastern",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Tungusic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Tungusic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tungusic",
"lang_code": "tuw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/e-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e- → *esinbi (“I don't (present)”) (or *esībi ?)"
},
{
"text": "e- → *ečinbi (“I didn't”) (or *ečēbi ?)"
},
{
"text": "e- → *etēnbi (“I won't”)"
},
{
"english": "I don't take [it].",
"ref": "e- → *eʒī (“Don't!”)",
"text": "gada esinbi.",
"translation": "I don't take [it]."
}
],
"glosses": [
"An auxiliary verb denoting negativity."
],
"links": [
[
"negativity",
"negativity"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Uralic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Uralic lemmas",
"Proto-Uralic pronouns",
"Proto-Uralic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"word": "*e-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "this"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Uralic",
"lang_code": "urj-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/e-",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"this"
],
"links": [
[
"this",
"this"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Uralic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Uralic lemmas",
"Proto-Uralic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"word": "*e-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Permic",
"lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
"word": "*ɔ-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"roman": "eź",
"word": "эзь"
},
{
"lang": "Moksha",
"lang_code": "mdf",
"roman": "iź",
"word": "изь"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mordvinic",
"lang_code": "urj-mdv-pro",
"word": "*e-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"roman": "eź",
"word": "эзь"
},
{
"lang": "Moksha",
"lang_code": "mdf",
"roman": "iź",
"word": "изь"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mordvinic",
"lang_code": "urj-mdv-pro",
"word": "*i-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"roman": "eź",
"word": "эзь"
},
{
"lang": "Moksha",
"lang_code": "mdf",
"roman": "iź",
"word": "изь"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mordvinic",
"lang_code": "urj-mdv-pro",
"word": "*a-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Southern Sami",
"lang_code": "sma",
"word": "ij"
},
{
"lang": "Ume Sami",
"lang_code": "sju",
"word": "ij"
},
{
"lang": "Pite Sami",
"lang_code": "sje",
"word": "ij"
},
{
"lang": "Lule Sami",
"lang_code": "smj",
"word": "ij"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"lang_code": "se",
"word": "ii"
}
],
"lang": "Western Samic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Inari Sami",
"lang_code": "smn",
"word": "ij"
},
{
"lang": "Skolt Sami",
"lang_code": "sms",
"word": "ij"
},
{
"lang": "Akkala Sami",
"lang_code": "sia",
"roman": "ij",
"word": "ий"
}
],
"lang": "Eastern Samic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samic",
"lang_code": "smi-pro",
"word": "*i-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"word": "*e-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "not"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "qfa-yuk-pro",
"2": "*əl-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Yukaghir *əl-",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*ese"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *ese",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*e-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *e-",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sometimes compared to Proto-Yukaghir *əl-, Proto-Mongolic *ese and Proto-Tungusic *e-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
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[
"first-",
"first person#English"
],
[
"second-person",
"second person#English"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[e-]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ethnos360"
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zom",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zou",
"lang_code": "zom",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zou entries with incorrect language header",
"Zou lemmas",
"Zou prefixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e- + ne (“to eat”) → ene (“eater”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form agent nouns from verbs; -er"
],
"links": [
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə˧/"
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"Zulu lemmas",
"Zulu prefixes",
"Zulu relative concords",
"Zulu terms prefixed with a-",
"Zulu terms prefixed with i-"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "a-",
"3": "i-",
"t1": "relative",
"t2": "class 4"
},
"expansion": "a- (“relative”) + i- (“class 4”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- (“relative”) + i- (“class 4”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ḗ-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "relative concords",
"head": "ḗ-"
},
"expansion": "ḗ-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Class 4 relative concord."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"Zulu lemmas",
"Zulu prefixes",
"Zulu relative concords",
"Zulu terms prefixed with a-",
"Zulu terms prefixed with i-"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "a-",
"3": "i-",
"t1": "relative",
"t2": "class 9"
},
"expansion": "a- (“relative”) + i- (“class 9”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a- (“relative”) + i- (“class 9”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ḗ-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "relative concords",
"head": "ḗ-"
},
"expansion": "ḗ-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Class 9 relative concord."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"Zulu lemmas",
"Zulu prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to Rwanda-Rundi i.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"at, on, in; locative prefix."
],
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for e- meaning in All languages combined (67.8kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1412",
"msg": "gloss may contain unhandled list items: [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_4|class 4]] pronominal concord",
"path": [
"e-"
],
"section": "Tooro",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "e-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1412",
"msg": "gloss may contain unhandled list items: [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_9|class 9]] pronominal concord",
"path": [
"e-"
],
"section": "Tooro",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "e-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1412",
"msg": "gloss may contain unhandled list items: they; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_4|class 4]] subject concord",
"path": [
"e-"
],
"section": "Tooro",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "e-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1412",
"msg": "gloss may contain unhandled list items: it; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_9|class 9]] subject concord",
"path": [
"e-"
],
"section": "Tooro",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "e-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: e-/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"e-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "e-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: e-/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"e-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "e-",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.