See ka- on Wiktionary
{
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{
"args": {},
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"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
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{
"word": "ker-"
}
],
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},
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"name": "Pages with entries",
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}
],
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"Alternative form of ker-."
],
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"links": [
[
"ker-",
"ker-#English"
]
],
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]
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"3": "I"
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{
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},
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{
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *kà- (“Class 12 noun prefix”)",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bende entries with incorrect language header",
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},
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],
"glosses": [
"Class 12 noun prefix."
],
"id": "en-ka--bdp-prefix-6QlPFaoe",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"etymology_text": "Compare kaka and ka.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"lang_code": "bcl",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bikol Central entries with incorrect language header",
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + kawat (“play”) → kakawat (“playmate”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + iwal (“fight”) → kaiwal (“enemy”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a noun that denotes partnership or companionship; co-"
],
"id": "en-ka--bcl-prefix-AZ1Zewlb",
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog ka-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Tagalog ka-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
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],
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"pos": "prefix",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ka- -an"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ka- -anan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ka- -on"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ka- -onon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kina- -an"
}
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{
"categories": [
{
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Cebuano terms with missing Badlit script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
"text": "ka- + linaw (“calm”) → kalinaw (“calmness”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + bugnaw (“cold”) → kabugnaw (“coldness”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes a state of being; -ness"
],
"id": "en-ka--ceb-prefix-d0fgZH8D",
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to adjectives) denotes a state of being; -ness"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to adjectives"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pagka-"
},
{
"word": "ka- -an"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 19 14 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cebuano terms with missing Badlit script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“how hot!”",
"text": "ka- + init (“hot”) → kainit!",
"translation": "“how hot!”",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in exclamations; how..."
],
"id": "en-ka--ceb-prefix-3ddzuSH8",
"links": [
[
"how",
"how"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to an adjective) used in exclamations; how..."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to an adjective"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-a"
},
{
"word": "ka- -a"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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{
"_dis": "31 19 14 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cebuano terms with missing Badlit script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + klase (“class”) → kaklase (“classmate”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + away (“to fight”) → kaaway (“enemy”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes partnership or companionship; co-"
],
"id": "en-ka--ceb-prefix-2CpAuz67",
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns or verbs) denotes partnership or companionship; co-"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns or verbs"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "isigka-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka/"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɐ]"
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "ka- (Badlit spelling ᜃ)",
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],
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"lang_code": "ceb",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "maka-"
}
],
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],
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"short for maka-"
],
"id": "en-ka--ceb-prefix-LBdo6O2O",
"links": [
[
"maka-",
"maka-#Cebuano"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka/"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɐ]"
}
],
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}
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},
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{
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},
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],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *kà-.",
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{
"args": {
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"cat3": "diminutive prefixes"
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],
"lang": "Chichewa",
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{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Chichewa entries with incorrect language header",
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],
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"morpheme"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ka/"
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],
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *ká-",
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"args": {
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],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ká-",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"cat2": "subject concords"
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],
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"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 12 subject concord."
],
"id": "en-ka--ny-prefix-KMaJq4VI",
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"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka/"
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kbt",
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},
"expansion": "ka-",
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],
"lang": "Gabadi",
"lang_code": "kbt",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + dibaia (“to spear”) → kadibaia (“we (incl.) speared it”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + mai (“to come”) → kamai (“we (incl.) came”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marks the first-person plural inclusive (\"we, including you\") subject on a verb"
],
"id": "en-ka--kbt-prefix-kbt:1pl_incl_subject",
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first-person#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"inclusive",
"inclusive#English"
],
[
"subject",
"subject#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"kbt:1pl_incl_subject"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka/"
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "か"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese romanizations",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of か"
],
"id": "en-ka--ja-romanization-6QZtPSYP",
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"か",
"か#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
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},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "jv-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"pos": "romanization",
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{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ꦏ-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
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"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"romanization of ꦏ-"
],
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"links": [
[
"ꦏ-",
"ꦏ-#Javanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "base",
"tags": [
"verb"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "kkv",
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"expansion": "ka- (verb base)",
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],
"lang": "Kangean",
"lang_code": "kkv",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kangean entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + gibe (“bring”) → kagibe (“(accidentally) taken along”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accidental aspect of the passive intransitive verb"
],
"id": "en-ka--kkv-prefix-EIhMO6bm",
"links": [
[
"accidental",
"accidental#English"
],
[
"aspect",
"aspect#English"
],
[
"passive",
"passive#English"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka/"
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pam",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ka-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pam",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ka-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ka-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-, from Proto-Austronesian *ka-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
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],
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kaka-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 8 22 14 8 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kapampangan entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 22 12 11 7 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kapampangan terms without pronunciation template",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + abe (“to accompany”) → kayabe (“partner”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + lagyu (“name”) → kalagyu (“namesake”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies companionship or partnership when prefixed to a root"
],
"id": "en-ka--pam-prefix-XeWh8EoR",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 22 12 11 7 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kapampangan terms without pronunciation template",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + pusu (“heart”) → kapusu (“in the heart”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + paninap (“dream”) → kapaninap (“towards the dream”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to refer towards a location: to; toward; in; at; on"
],
"id": "en-ka--pam-prefix-3kuXw4Fu",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"in",
"in"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"on",
"on"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 8 22 14 8 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kapampangan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 22 12 11 7 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kapampangan terms without pronunciation template",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + lupa (“face”) → kalupa (“someone/something similar; look-alike”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + pate (“fight”) → kapate (“enemy”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies similarity or interaction when prefixed to a root noun"
],
"id": "en-ka--pam-prefix-muQYF1on",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 8 22 14 8 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kapampangan entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 22 12 11 7 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kapampangan terms without pronunciation template",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + gulisak (“shout”) → kagugulisak (“repeatedly shouting”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + isip (“mind, thought”) → kaiisip (“thinking a lot”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies repeated action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable"
],
"id": "en-ka--pam-prefix-TPTYQG~o",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + dapat (“should”) → karapat-dapat (“deserving”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + santing (“handsome”) → kasanting-santing (“wonderful”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree when prefixed to a root that repeats the first two syllables"
],
"id": "en-ka--pam-prefix-7Z0t0V6y",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 8 22 14 8 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kapampangan entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 22 12 11 7 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kapampangan terms without pronunciation template",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + datang (“come”) → kadaratang (“recently arrived”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + punta (“go”) → kapupunta (“recently went”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies recent action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable and followed by pamu"
],
"id": "en-ka--pam-prefix-6nlopJXA",
"links": [
[
"pamu",
"pamu#Kapampangan"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "Kapampangan entries with incorrect language header",
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"_dis": "11 22 12 11 7 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kapampangan terms without pronunciation template",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + timyas (“cute”) → katimyas (“so cute”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + yumi (“innocence; pure”) → kayumi (“how pretty”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies emphatic, before an adjective, non-productive and followed by na, da or ta"
],
"id": "en-ka--pam-prefix-R97RcEby",
"links": [
[
"na",
"na#Kapampangan"
],
[
"da",
"da#Kapampangan"
],
[
"ta",
"ta#Kapampangan"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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}
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],
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],
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"2": "sio-pro",
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],
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]
}
],
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}
{
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"source": "w"
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{
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],
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],
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"morpheme"
]
}
],
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}
{
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"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "moh",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mohawk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third person feminine/neuter agent pronominal prefix"
],
"id": "en-ka--moh-prefix-6OqX7E5x",
"links": [
[
"third person",
"third person#English"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine#English"
],
[
"neuter",
"neuter#English"
],
[
"agent",
"agent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"agent",
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"prefix",
"pronominal",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
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"2": "prefix"
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"name": "head"
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],
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"pos": "prefix",
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{
"glosses": [
"noun prefix"
],
"id": "en-ka--moh-prefix-DFTt~bTU",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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}
{
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{
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"2": "prefix"
},
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}
],
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"lang_code": "mkj",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mokilese entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form causative verbs"
],
"id": "en-ka--mkj-prefix-Cg44Fn8e",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈka-/"
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
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"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
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],
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"pos": "prefix",
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Mokilese entries with incorrect language header",
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}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-ka--mkj-prefix-ycyAF8Wb",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈka-/"
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nd",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "subject concords"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nd",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes."
],
"id": "en-ka--nd-prefix-z~yr2CpM",
"links": [
[
"he",
"he"
],
[
"she",
"she"
],
[
"it",
"it"
],
[
"u-",
"u-#Northern_Ndebele"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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}
{
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{
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"2": "prefix"
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"expansion": "ka-",
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],
"lang": "Old High German",
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"pos": "prefix",
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{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "gi-"
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],
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{
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"source": "w"
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{
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{
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"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
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],
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[
"gi-",
"gi-#Old_High_German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Bavarian) alternative form of gi-"
],
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"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
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}
],
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{
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{
"lang": "Javanese",
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},
{
"lang": "Javanese",
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],
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"expansion": "I",
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{
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{
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"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-",
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{
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],
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],
"glosses": [
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}
],
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],
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{
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],
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],
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[
"-ly",
"-ly"
]
],
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}
],
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{
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],
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],
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"categories": [
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Shona entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 12 noun prefix."
],
"id": "en-ka--sn-prefix-6QlPFaoe",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"etymology_text": "Probably related to South Efate go",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "erk",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "South Efate",
"lang_code": "erk",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "South Efate entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"and (forms dependent verbs)"
],
"id": "en-ka--erk-prefix-tegn1wjG",
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka/"
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nr",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "subject concords"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Ndebele subject concords",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes."
],
"id": "en-ka--nr-prefix-z~yr2CpM",
"links": [
[
"he",
"he"
],
[
"she",
"she"
],
[
"it",
"it"
],
[
"u-",
"u-#Southern_Ndebele"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "su",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ka-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᮊ-",
"tags": [
"Sundanese",
"character"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "su",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "Sundanese script ᮊ-"
},
"expansion": "ka- (Sundanese script ᮊ-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Sundanese",
"lang_code": "su",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 18 13 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sundanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + tijek (“to step on”) → katijek (“(accidentally) stepped on”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + bedil (“gun”) → kabedil (“(accidentally) shot”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"verb-forming prefix",
"accidental aspect of the passive transitive verb"
],
"id": "en-ka--su-prefix-VnurbTXC",
"links": [
[
"accidental",
"accidental#English"
],
[
"aspect",
"aspect#English"
],
[
"passive",
"passive#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 18 13 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sundanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + déngé (“to hear”) → kadéngé (“to be heard”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + baca (“to read”) → kabaca (“to be read”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"verb-forming prefix",
"perfective aspect of the passive transitive verb"
],
"id": "en-ka--su-prefix-AUuRRaKX",
"links": [
[
"perfective",
"perfective#English"
],
[
"aspect",
"aspect#English"
],
[
"passive",
"passive#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 18 13 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sundanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + harti (“meaning”) → kaharti (“(can be) understood”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"verb-forming prefix",
"implies that the action can be done"
],
"id": "en-ka--su-prefix-Gp41adQx",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 18 13 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sundanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"noun-forming prefix"
],
"id": "en-ka--su-prefix-3U01K-E1",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 18 13 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sundanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + rugi (“loss”) → karugi (“loss”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + hayang (“to want”) → kahayang (“desire, want”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"noun-forming prefix",
"abstract noun-forming prefix"
],
"id": "en-ka--su-prefix-vYtuRHY2",
"links": [
[
"abstract noun",
"abstract noun#English"
],
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "su",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ika-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ika-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "su",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*Sika-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *Sika-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ke-"
},
"expansion": "Malay ke-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "ika-"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog ika-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ika-, from Proto-Austronesian *Sika-. Compare Malay ke-, Tagalog ika-",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "su",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Sundanese",
"lang_code": "su",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 18 13 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sundanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"numeral-forming prefix"
],
"id": "en-ka--su-prefix-rTD0Sy4~",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 18 13 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sundanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + hiji (“one”) → kahiji (“first”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + sapuluh (“ten”) → kasapuluh (“tenth”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"numeral-forming prefix",
"ordinal number forming prefix; -th"
],
"id": "en-ka--su-prefix-zYl7LXXz",
"links": [
[
"ordinal",
"ordinal#English"
],
[
"number",
"number#English"
],
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
],
[
"-th",
"-th#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonyms: ali-, ame-"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
39
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
37,
40
]
],
"english": "I have worked hard on my own and God has helped me, […]",
"ref": "1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 5:",
"text": "Nimefanya jitihada mwenyewe na Mungu kanisaidia,[…]",
"translation": "I have worked hard on my own and God has helped me, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
],
[
17,
19
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
16,
19
]
],
"english": "President Obama has left, let us not return to a life of shame",
"ref": "2013, “Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu”, in Mwananchi:",
"text": "Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu",
"translation": "President Obama has left, let us not return to a life of shame",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular animate ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]) recent-past perfective marker"
],
"id": "en-ka--sw-prefix-TXSU0lFZ",
"related": [
{
"sense": "Positive infinitive",
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive infinitive",
"word": "kw-1"
},
{
"sense": "Negative infinitive",
"word": "kuto-"
},
{
"sense": "Habitual",
"word": "hu-1"
},
{
"word": "ka-1"
},
{
"word": "Initial"
},
{
"tags": [
"-i"
],
"word": "Negative present"
},
{
"word": "Final"
},
{
"word": "-a-1"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
"word": "past: -lisha-"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
"word": "present: -mesha-"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
"word": "-sha-"
},
{
"english": "If/When",
"translation": "If/When",
"word": "-ki-1"
},
{
"english": "If not",
"translation": "If not",
"word": "-sipo-"
},
{
"word": "Infix position positive subject concord"
},
{
"english": "Not yet",
"translation": "Not yet",
"word": "-ja-1"
},
{
"word": "Infix position negative subject concord"
},
{
"word": "Relative"
},
{
"sense": "General (positive indicative)",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"sense": "Positive subjunctive",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"sense": "Second person plural",
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"sense": "Positive past",
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive present",
"word": "-na-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive future",
"word": "-ta-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative subjunctive",
"word": "-si-1"
},
{
"sense": "Positive present conditional",
"word": "-nge-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative present conditional",
"word": "-singe-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative present conditional",
"word": "-nge-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive past conditional",
"word": "-ngali-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative past conditional",
"word": "-singali-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative past conditional",
"word": "-ngali-"
},
{
"sense": "Perfect",
"word": "-me-"
},
{
"sense": "Consecutive",
"word": "-ka-1"
},
{
"sense": "Negative past",
"word": "-ku-1"
},
{
"sense": "Negative future",
"word": "-ta-"
},
{
"sense": "Past",
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"sense": "Present",
"word": "-na-"
},
{
"sense": "Future",
"word": "-taka-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative",
"word": "-si-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-ka.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/Sw-ke-ka.flac/Sw-ke-ka.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/Sw-ke-ka.flac/Sw-ke-ka.flac.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*kà-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *kà-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Bantu *kà-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"noun class 12 prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning"
],
"id": "en-ka--sw-prefix-i7sUCCJV",
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial or dialect, nonstandard) noun class 12 prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dialectal",
"morpheme",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-ka.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/Sw-ke-ka.flac/Sw-ke-ka.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/Sw-ke-ka.flac/Sw-ke-ka.flac.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swazi",
"lang_code": "ss",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives."
],
"id": "en-ka--ss-prefix-pJIuBTn2",
"links": [
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "subject concords"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swazi",
"lang_code": "ss",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swazi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swazi subject concords",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes."
],
"id": "en-ka--ss-prefix-z~yr2CpM",
"links": [
[
"he",
"he"
],
[
"she",
"she"
],
[
"it",
"it"
],
[
"u-",
"u-#Swazi"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ka-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ka-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ka-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-, from Proto-Austronesian *ka-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜃ",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "ka- (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)",
"name": "tl-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka-"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ka",
""
]
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kaka-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + sama (“to accompany”) → kasama (“partner”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + opisina (“office”) → kaopisina (“coworker”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies companionship or partnership"
],
"id": "en-ka--tl-prefix-TDzQDzJU",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + mukha (“face”) → kamukha (“someone/something similar; look-alike”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + away (“fight”) → kaaway (“enemy”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies similarity or interaction"
],
"id": "en-ka--tl-prefix-Mk~GAEgI",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 1 1 2 0 0 3 4 2 3 2 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 3 5 1 0 3 3 2 2 4 3 3 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 33 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 1 1 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 0 0 3 3 2 2 2 2 0 0 8 0 0 2 0 6 1 0 0 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 3 3 2 6 4 3 4 5 13 2 4 4 22 5 4 3 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 55 11 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 56 12 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + hapon (“afternoon”) → kahapon (“yesterday”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + gabi (“night”) → kagabi (“last night”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies past time"
],
"id": "en-ka--tl-prefix-uVv9amP7",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + sigaw (“shout”) → kasisigaw (“repeatedly shouting”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + isip (“mind, thought”) → kaiisip (“thinking a lot”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies repeated action"
],
"id": "en-ka--tl-prefix-HqctJDHK",
"raw_glosses": [
"(with initial syllable repetition) implies repeated action"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with initial syllable repetition"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + punta (“going”) → kapupunta (“recently went”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + luto (“cooking, cuisine”) → kaluluto (“recently cooked”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies recent action"
],
"id": "en-ka--tl-prefix-Dfxoyiwp",
"links": [
[
"lang",
"lang#Tagalog"
],
[
"lamang",
"lamang#Tagalog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with initial syllable repetition, followed by lang or lamang) implies recent action"
],
"raw_tags": [
"followed by lang or lamang",
"with initial syllable repetition"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + galang (“respect”) → kagalang-galang (“inspiring great respect”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + paniwala (“belief”) → kapani-paniwala (“very plausible”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
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}
],
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},
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"word": "N/A"
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{
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},
{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"word": "ha-(...-mu)"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"word": "numwo"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"word": "—"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
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[
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[
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{
"args": {
"1": "tnq",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Taíno",
"lang_code": "tnq",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Taíno/ka-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"top, north(ern)"
],
"id": "en-ka--tnq-prefix-onhTV-Xi",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"north",
"north"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tnq",
"2": "awd-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Arawak",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Arawak.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tnq",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Taíno",
"lang_code": "tnq",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Taíno/ka-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"junction, meeting place"
],
"id": "en-ka--tnq-prefix-QPAF6TVj",
"links": [
[
"junction",
"junction"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tnq",
"2": "awd-pro",
"3": "*kV-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Arawak *kV-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arw",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Lokono ka-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cab",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Garifuna ka-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Arawak *kV-. Cognate with Lokono ka-, Garifuna ka-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tnq",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Taíno",
"lang_code": "tnq",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Taíno/ka-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 27 47 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Taíno entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the (attributive prefix)"
],
"id": "en-ka--tnq-prefix-aUYq77pb",
"links": [
[
"the",
"the"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tnq",
"2": "awd-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Arawak",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Arawak.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tnq",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Taíno",
"lang_code": "tnq",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Taíno/ka-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"verb-designator"
],
"id": "en-ka--tnq-prefix-jZwiQvrp",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Philippine",
"lang_code": "phi-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Oceanic",
"lang_code": "poz-oce-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "pqe-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-cet-pro"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ka-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ka-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *ka-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/ka-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 8 1 4 20 19 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marker of past time in temporal expressions"
],
"id": "en-ka--poz-pro-prefix-Pro-txLa",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "*ma-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stative marker in irrealis constructions"
],
"id": "en-ka--poz-pro-prefix-FXVN5n5Z",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"extremely; superlative"
],
"id": "en-ka--poz-pro-prefix-hniNFd1L",
"links": [
[
"extremely",
"extremely"
],
[
"superlative",
"superlative"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mate, partner, cohort"
],
"id": "en-ka--poz-pro-prefix-2WzLymam",
"links": [
[
"mate",
"mate"
],
[
"partner",
"partner"
],
[
"cohort",
"cohort"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"formative for abstract nouns of quality"
],
"id": "en-ka--poz-pro-prefix-hLgtvfch",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"manner in which an action is carried out"
],
"id": "en-ka--poz-pro-prefix-xbh2HG29",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"past participle, achieved state"
],
"id": "en-ka--poz-pro-prefix-LfDDgyZ~",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "which",
"word": "*kańu"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "which of",
"word": "*kańusï"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khalaj",
"lang_code": "klj",
"word": "qânı"
},
{
"lang": "Khalaj",
"lang_code": "klj",
"word": "qânısı"
}
],
"lang": "Arghu",
"lang_code": "klj",
"roman": "qanū",
"word": "قَنُو"
}
],
"lang": "Arghu",
"lang_code": "klj"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "hansı"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "hansı",
"word": "هانسی"
},
{
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "kansı",
"word": "قانسی"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "qansı",
"word": "قانسی"
},
{
"lang": "Salar",
"lang_code": "slr",
"word": "gaysı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "haýsy"
},
{
"lang": "Old Khalaj",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"roman": "xayū",
"word": "خَيُو"
}
],
"lang": "Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "qaysi",
"word": "قايسى"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "qaysi"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "qāysy",
"word": "قَایسی"
}
],
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"roman": "qayū",
"word": "قَيُو"
}
],
"lang": "Karluk",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "qayhı",
"word": "ҡайһы"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "qaysı",
"word": "кайсы"
}
],
"lang": "North Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"word": "qaysı"
},
{
"lang": "Karachay-Balkar",
"lang_code": "krc"
},
{
"lang": "Karaim",
"lang_code": "kdr"
},
{
"lang": "Kumyk",
"lang_code": "kum"
}
],
"lang": "West Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Karakalpak",
"lang_code": "kaa"
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "qai",
"word": "қай"
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "qaisy",
"word": "қайсы"
},
{
"lang": "Nogai",
"lang_code": "nog"
}
],
"lang": "Caspian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "kay",
"word": "кай"
},
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "kaysı",
"word": "кайсы"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "kay",
"word": "кай"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "kaysï",
"word": "кайсы"
}
],
"lang": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "South Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"word": "qanu, qayu"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "qńu",
"word": "𐰴𐰪𐰆"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dolgan",
"lang_code": "dlg"
},
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "qaya",
"word": "хайа"
}
],
"lang": "North Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tofa",
"lang_code": "kim"
},
{
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv"
}
],
"lang": "Sayan",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khakas",
"lang_code": "kjh",
"roman": "xayzı",
"word": "хайзы"
},
{
"lang": "Shor",
"lang_code": "cjs",
"roman": "qayzï",
"word": "қайзы"
}
],
"lang": "Yenisei",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "South Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "hankı"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "hanğı",
"word": "هانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "kangı",
"word": "قنغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Ottoman"
],
"roman": "hangı",
"word": "هانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "hangı",
"word": "خانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"Late Ottoman"
],
"roman": "hangi",
"word": "هانکی"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "qanğı",
"word": "قنغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "hankı"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "hanğı",
"word": "هانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "kangı",
"word": "قنغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Ottoman"
],
"roman": "hangı",
"word": "هانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "hangı",
"word": "خانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"Late Ottoman"
],
"roman": "hangi",
"word": "هانکی"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "qanğısı",
"word": "قنغیسی"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Oghuz",
"lang_code": "trk-ogz-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "which",
"word": "*kangï"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "hankı"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "hanğı",
"word": "هانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "kangı",
"word": "قنغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Ottoman"
],
"roman": "hangı",
"word": "هانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "hangı",
"word": "خانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"Late Ottoman"
],
"roman": "hangi",
"word": "هانکی"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "qanğı",
"word": "قنغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "hankı"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "hanğı",
"word": "هانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "kangı",
"word": "قنغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Ottoman"
],
"roman": "hangı",
"word": "هانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "hangı",
"word": "خانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
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"borrowed"
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],
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},
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{
"descendants": [
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],
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},
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"descendants": [
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},
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"roman": "kačan",
"word": "качан"
}
],
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}
],
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}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm",
"roman": "qayçan",
"word": "قایچان"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "when",
"word": "*kanča"
},
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"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
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},
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "where, how",
"word": "həncəri"
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"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "hanceri"
}
],
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"lang_code": "az",
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],
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"sense": "when",
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},
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"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
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{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "where, how",
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},
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"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "hanceri"
}
],
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],
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"roman": "qancaru",
"sense": "where",
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}
],
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},
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"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
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"roman": "qanche",
"sense": "how much",
"word": "قانچە"
},
{
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"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "how much",
"word": "qancha"
}
],
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"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "qança",
"sense": "how much",
"word": "قانچە"
}
],
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"lang_code": "xqa"
}
],
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"lang_code": "unknown"
},
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"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
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"roman": "qança",
"sense": "how much",
"word": "къанча"
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],
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"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
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"sense": "how much",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "unknown"
},
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"descendants": [
{
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"roman": "kanca",
"sense": "how much",
"word": "канча"
},
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"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "kanča",
"sense": "how many, how much",
"word": "канча"
}
],
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"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm"
},
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"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"word": "qança"
},
{
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"roman": "kanča",
"word": "канча"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Altai",
"lang_code": "atv",
"roman": "kandža",
"word": "канджа"
}
],
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},
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"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Turkic",
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"roman": "qntn¹",
"word": "𐰴𐰦𐰣"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Altai",
"lang_code": "atv",
"roman": "kaydanʺ",
"word": "кайданъ"
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],
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}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
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"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "from where?",
"word": "*kandïn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*ka-",
"t": "interrogative stem"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *ka- (“interrogative stem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*xa-",
"t": "interrogative stem"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *xa- (“interrogative stem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "*ka",
"t": "interrogative particle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *ka (“interrogative particle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*ku",
"t": "who, where"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ku (“who, where”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compared to Proto-Mongolic *ka- (“interrogative stem”),\nProto-Tungusic *xa- (“interrogative stem”).\nPossibly also Proto-Japonic *ka (“interrogative particle”) and Proto-Uralic *ku (“who, where”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kanï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kanïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaŋa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kanta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kantan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaŋaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kanïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kanča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kanlayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kanlïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "interrogative pronouns"
},
"expansion": "*ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ka-",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chagatai terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chagatai terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic interrogative pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yakut links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yakut links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Interrogative stem."
],
"id": "en-ka--trk-pro-pron-3NE5GOpt",
"links": [
[
"Interrogative",
"interrogative"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*nē-"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bunun",
"lang_code": "bnn",
"word": "ka-"
},
{
"lang": "Puyuma",
"lang_code": "pyu",
"sense": "stative marker",
"word": "ka-"
},
{
"lang": "Rukai",
"lang_code": "dru",
"sense": "in fact, indeed, actually",
"word": "ka-"
},
{
"lang": "Saisiyat",
"lang_code": "xsy",
"sense": "verb nominalization marker",
"word": "ka-"
},
{
"lang": "Thao",
"lang_code": "ssf",
"sense": "to make; two times",
"word": "ka-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"word": "*ka-"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "map-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Austronesian",
"lang_code": "map-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/ka-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inchoative"
],
"id": "en-ka--map-pro-prefix-OpKVWm3I",
"links": [
[
"inchoative",
"inchoative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stative"
],
"id": "en-ka--map-pro-prefix-t1cxFq9M",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction",
"stative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 1 1 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 0 0 3 3 2 2 2 2 0 0 8 0 0 2 0 6 1 0 0 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 37 0 1 11 0 27 1 0 1 9 11 0 0 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 65 3 10 19 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Austronesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past time"
],
"id": "en-ka--map-pro-prefix-NAmx0-y7",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"accompanied action/person"
],
"id": "en-ka--map-pro-prefix-7l84g-tH",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"abstract noun formative"
],
"id": "en-ka--map-pro-prefix-l5vNYuGX",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"manner in which an action is carried out"
],
"id": "en-ka--map-pro-prefix-xbh2HG29",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"past participle"
],
"id": "en-ka--map-pro-prefix-fAo9mLho",
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"participle",
"past",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Nganasan",
"lang_code": "nio",
"roman": "kaŋgə",
"sense": "when",
"word": "каӈгә"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Forest Enets",
"lang_code": "enf",
"roman": "sɛuk",
"sense": "how much",
"word": "сԑук"
}
],
"lang": "Enets",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Forest Nenets",
"lang_code": "syd-fne",
"roman": "šaxaŋ",
"sense": "when",
"word": "шахаӈ"
},
{
"lang": "Tundra Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk",
"roman": "syaxah",
"sense": "when",
"word": "сяхаʼ"
}
],
"lang": "Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"roman": "qaj",
"word": "ӄай"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"roman": "qoj",
"word": "ӄой"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "qaj",
"word": "ӄай"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Ob",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "kaj",
"word": "кай"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-sou"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "what",
"word": "*qaj"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Koibal",
"lang_code": "zkb",
"roman": "kamen",
"sense": "when",
"word": "камен"
},
{
"lang": "Koibal",
"lang_code": "zkb",
"roman": "kadet",
"sense": "how",
"word": "кадет"
}
],
"lang": "Kamassian",
"lang_code": "xas",
"roman": "kamən",
"sense": "when",
"word": "камән"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Koibal",
"lang_code": "zkb",
"roman": "kamen",
"sense": "when",
"word": "камен"
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{
"lang": "Koibal",
"lang_code": "zkb",
"roman": "kadet",
"sense": "how",
"word": "кадет"
}
],
"lang": "Kamassian",
"lang_code": "xas",
"roman": "kʰədəʔ",
"sense": "how",
"word": "кхәдәʼ"
},
{
"lang": "Mator",
"lang_code": "mtm",
"roman": "kagan",
"sense": "when",
"word": "каган"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*ku-",
"4": "*ko-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ko-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Uralic *ko-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
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"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/ka-",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Samoyedic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "how much",
"translation": "how much",
"word": "kanə"
}
],
"glosses": [
"interrogative stem"
],
"id": "en-ka--syd-pro-adv-Y3wqw2rb",
"tags": [
"interrogative",
"reconstruction",
"stem"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
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"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
"1": "bdp",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*kà-",
"4": "",
"5": "Class 12 noun prefix",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *kà- (“Class 12 noun prefix”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bdp",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*kà-",
"4": "",
"5": "Class 12 noun prefix"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *kà- (“Class 12 noun prefix”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *kà- (“Class 12 noun prefix”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bdp",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
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"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bende",
"lang_code": "bdp",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bende entries with incorrect language header",
"Bende lemmas",
"Bende noun prefixes",
"Bende prefixes",
"Bende terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Bende terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Class 12 noun prefix."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_text": "Compare kaka and ka.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"lang_code": "bcl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bikol Central entries with incorrect language header",
"Bikol Central lemmas",
"Bikol Central prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + kawat (“play”) → kakawat (“playmate”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + iwal (“fight”) → kaiwal (“enemy”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a noun that denotes partnership or companionship; co-"
],
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Cebuano entries with incorrect language header",
"Cebuano lemmas",
"Cebuano prefixes",
"Cebuano terms with Badlit script",
"Cebuano terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Cebuano terms with missing Badlit script entries",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog ka-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Tagalog ka-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "ka- (Badlit spelling ᜃ)",
"name": "ceb-head"
}
],
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "ika-"
},
{
"word": "ka- -an"
},
{
"word": "ka- -anan"
},
{
"word": "ka- -on"
},
{
"word": "ka- -onon"
},
{
"word": "kina- -an"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + linaw (“calm”) → kalinaw (“calmness”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + bugnaw (“cold”) → kabugnaw (“coldness”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes a state of being; -ness"
],
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to adjectives) denotes a state of being; -ness"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to adjectives"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pagka-"
},
{
"word": "ka- -an"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "“how hot!”",
"text": "ka- + init (“hot”) → kainit!",
"translation": "“how hot!”",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in exclamations; how..."
],
"links": [
[
"how",
"how"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to an adjective) used in exclamations; how..."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to an adjective"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-a"
},
{
"word": "ka- -a"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + klase (“class”) → kaklase (“classmate”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + away (“to fight”) → kaaway (“enemy”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes partnership or companionship; co-"
],
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns or verbs) denotes partnership or companionship; co-"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns or verbs"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "isigka-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka/"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɐ]"
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Cebuano entries with incorrect language header",
"Cebuano lemmas",
"Cebuano prefixes",
"Cebuano terms with Badlit script",
"Cebuano terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Cebuano terms with missing Badlit script entries",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "ka- (Badlit spelling ᜃ)",
"name": "ceb-head"
}
],
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "maka-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Cebuano short forms"
],
"glosses": [
"short for maka-"
],
"links": [
[
"maka-",
"maka-#Cebuano"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka/"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɐ]"
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chichewa diminutive prefixes",
"Chichewa entries with incorrect language header",
"Chichewa lemmas",
"Chichewa noun prefixes",
"Chichewa prefixes",
"Chichewa subject concords",
"Chichewa terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Chichewa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Chichewa terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*kà-",
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"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *kà-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*kà-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *kà-",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *kà-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes",
"cat3": "diminutive prefixes"
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"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Chichewa",
"lang_code": "ny",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Class 12 noun prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka/"
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],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Chichewa lemmas",
"Chichewa prefixes",
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"Chichewa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Chichewa terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries"
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"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
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"expansion": "Inherited",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "bnt-pro",
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"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
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"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *ká-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*ká-"
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"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ká-",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ká-",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "subject concords"
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"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chichewa",
"lang_code": "ny",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Class 12 subject concord."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka/"
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ker-"
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],
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries"
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"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"ker-",
"ker-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kbt",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Gabadi",
"lang_code": "kbt",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Gabadi entries with incorrect language header",
"Gabadi lemmas",
"Gabadi prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + dibaia (“to spear”) → kadibaia (“we (incl.) speared it”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + mai (“to come”) → kamai (“we (incl.) came”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marks the first-person plural inclusive (\"we, including you\") subject on a verb"
],
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first-person#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"inclusive",
"inclusive#English"
],
[
"subject",
"subject#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"kbt:1pl_incl_subject"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka/"
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "か"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese romanizations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of か"
],
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"か",
"か#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ka-",
"name": "jv-rom"
}
],
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"inchoative"
],
"links": [
[
"inchoative",
"inchoative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction",
"stative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"past time"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"accompanied action/person"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"abstract noun formative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"manner in which an action is carried out"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"past participle"
],
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"participle",
"past",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian lemmas",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian prefixes",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Philippine",
"lang_code": "phi-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Oceanic",
"lang_code": "poz-oce-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "pqe-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-cet-pro"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ka-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ka-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *ka-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/ka-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"marker of past time in temporal expressions"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "*ma-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stative marker in irrealis constructions"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"extremely; superlative"
],
"links": [
[
"extremely",
"extremely"
],
[
"superlative",
"superlative"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mate, partner, cohort"
],
"links": [
[
"mate",
"mate"
],
[
"partner",
"partner"
],
[
"cohort",
"cohort"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"formative for abstract nouns of quality"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"manner in which an action is carried out"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"past participle, achieved state"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "how much",
"translation": "how much",
"word": "kanə"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Nganasan",
"lang_code": "nio",
"roman": "kaŋgə",
"sense": "when",
"word": "каӈгә"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Forest Enets",
"lang_code": "enf",
"roman": "sɛuk",
"sense": "how much",
"word": "сԑук"
}
],
"lang": "Enets",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Forest Nenets",
"lang_code": "syd-fne",
"roman": "šaxaŋ",
"sense": "when",
"word": "шахаӈ"
},
{
"lang": "Tundra Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk",
"roman": "syaxah",
"sense": "when",
"word": "сяхаʼ"
}
],
"lang": "Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"roman": "qaj",
"word": "ӄай"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"roman": "qoj",
"word": "ӄой"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "qaj",
"word": "ӄай"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Ob",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "kaj",
"word": "кай"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-sou"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "what",
"word": "*qaj"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Koibal",
"lang_code": "zkb",
"roman": "kamen",
"sense": "when",
"word": "камен"
},
{
"lang": "Koibal",
"lang_code": "zkb",
"roman": "kadet",
"sense": "how",
"word": "кадет"
}
],
"lang": "Kamassian",
"lang_code": "xas",
"roman": "kamən",
"sense": "when",
"word": "камән"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Koibal",
"lang_code": "zkb",
"roman": "kamen",
"sense": "when",
"word": "камен"
},
{
"lang": "Koibal",
"lang_code": "zkb",
"roman": "kadet",
"sense": "how",
"word": "кадет"
}
],
"lang": "Kamassian",
"lang_code": "xas",
"roman": "kʰədəʔ",
"sense": "how",
"word": "кхәдәʼ"
},
{
"lang": "Mator",
"lang_code": "mtm",
"roman": "kagan",
"sense": "when",
"word": "каган"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*ku-",
"4": "*ko-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ko-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Uralic *ko-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/ka-",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Samoyedic adverbs",
"Proto-Samoyedic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Samoyedic lemmas",
"Proto-Samoyedic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Samoyedic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"glosses": [
"interrogative stem"
],
"tags": [
"interrogative",
"reconstruction",
"stem"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "which",
"word": "*kańu"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "which of",
"word": "*kańusï"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khalaj",
"lang_code": "klj",
"word": "qânı"
},
{
"lang": "Khalaj",
"lang_code": "klj",
"word": "qânısı"
}
],
"lang": "Arghu",
"lang_code": "klj",
"roman": "qanū",
"word": "قَنُو"
}
],
"lang": "Arghu",
"lang_code": "klj"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "hansı"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "hansı",
"word": "هانسی"
},
{
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "kansı",
"word": "قانسی"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "qansı",
"word": "قانسی"
},
{
"lang": "Salar",
"lang_code": "slr",
"word": "gaysı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "haýsy"
},
{
"lang": "Old Khalaj",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"roman": "xayū",
"word": "خَيُو"
}
],
"lang": "Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "qaysi",
"word": "قايسى"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "qaysi"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "qāysy",
"word": "قَایسی"
}
],
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"roman": "qayū",
"word": "قَيُو"
}
],
"lang": "Karluk",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "qayhı",
"word": "ҡайһы"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "qaysı",
"word": "кайсы"
}
],
"lang": "North Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"word": "qaysı"
},
{
"lang": "Karachay-Balkar",
"lang_code": "krc"
},
{
"lang": "Karaim",
"lang_code": "kdr"
},
{
"lang": "Kumyk",
"lang_code": "kum"
}
],
"lang": "West Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Karakalpak",
"lang_code": "kaa"
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "qai",
"word": "қай"
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "qaisy",
"word": "қайсы"
},
{
"lang": "Nogai",
"lang_code": "nog"
}
],
"lang": "Caspian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "kay",
"word": "кай"
},
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "kaysı",
"word": "кайсы"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "kay",
"word": "кай"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "kaysï",
"word": "кайсы"
}
],
"lang": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "South Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"word": "qanu, qayu"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "qńu",
"word": "𐰴𐰪𐰆"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dolgan",
"lang_code": "dlg"
},
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "qaya",
"word": "хайа"
}
],
"lang": "North Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tofa",
"lang_code": "kim"
},
{
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv"
}
],
"lang": "Sayan",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khakas",
"lang_code": "kjh",
"roman": "xayzı",
"word": "хайзы"
},
{
"lang": "Shor",
"lang_code": "cjs",
"roman": "qayzï",
"word": "қайзы"
}
],
"lang": "Yenisei",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "South Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "hankı"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "hanğı",
"word": "هانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "kangı",
"word": "قنغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Ottoman"
],
"roman": "hangı",
"word": "هانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "hangı",
"word": "خانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"Late Ottoman"
],
"roman": "hangi",
"word": "هانکی"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "qanğı",
"word": "قنغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "hankı"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "hanğı",
"word": "هانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "kangı",
"word": "قنغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Ottoman"
],
"roman": "hangı",
"word": "هانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "hangı",
"word": "خانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"Late Ottoman"
],
"roman": "hangi",
"word": "هانکی"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "qanğısı",
"word": "قنغیسی"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Oghuz",
"lang_code": "trk-ogz-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "which",
"word": "*kangï"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "hankı"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "hanğı",
"word": "هانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "kangı",
"word": "قنغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Ottoman"
],
"roman": "hangı",
"word": "هانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "hangı",
"word": "خانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"Late Ottoman"
],
"roman": "hangi",
"word": "هانکی"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "qanğı",
"word": "قنغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "hankı"
}
],
"lang": "Ajem-Turkic",
"lang_code": "az",
"roman": "hanğı",
"word": "هانغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "hangı"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "angı"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "hangi"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "kangı",
"word": "قنغی"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
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],
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},
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"roman": "kačan",
"word": "качан"
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],
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}
],
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}
],
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"roman": "qayçan",
"word": "قایچان"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "when",
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},
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"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
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"sense": "where, how",
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}
],
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}
],
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"sense": "where",
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],
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"sense": "how much",
"word": "قانچە"
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"sense": "how much",
"word": "qancha"
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],
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"word": "قانچە"
}
],
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],
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},
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"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
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},
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"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "kanča",
"sense": "how many, how much",
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],
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"roman": "kanča",
"word": "канча"
},
{
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],
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"descendants": [
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"descendants": [
{
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},
{
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],
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],
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],
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],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*ka-",
"t": "interrogative stem"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *ka- (“interrogative stem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*xa-",
"t": "interrogative stem"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *xa- (“interrogative stem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "*ka",
"t": "interrogative particle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *ka (“interrogative particle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*ku",
"t": "who, where"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ku (“who, where”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compared to Proto-Mongolic *ka- (“interrogative stem”),\nProto-Tungusic *xa- (“interrogative stem”).\nPossibly also Proto-Japonic *ka (“interrogative particle”) and Proto-Uralic *ku (“who, where”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kanï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kanïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaŋa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kanta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kantan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaŋaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kanïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kanča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kanlayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kanlïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "interrogative pronouns"
},
"expansion": "*ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ka-",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chagatai terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Chagatai terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic interrogative pronouns",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic pronouns",
"Requests for native script for Old Turkic terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Uyghur terms",
"Yakut links with redundant alt parameters",
"Yakut links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"glosses": [
"Interrogative stem."
],
"links": [
[
"Interrogative",
"interrogative"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*nē-"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
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"3": "I"
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"name": "yesno"
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{
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{
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"5": "Class 12 noun prefix",
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
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{
"form": "ᮊ-",
"tags": [
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"character"
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{
"text": "ka- + bedil (“gun”) → kabedil (“(accidentally) shot”)",
"type": "example"
}
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"accidental aspect of the passive transitive verb"
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"accidental",
"accidental#English"
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[
"aspect",
"aspect#English"
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"passive",
"passive#English"
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[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
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"morpheme"
]
},
{
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{
"text": "ka- + déngé (“to hear”) → kadéngé (“to be heard”)",
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{
"text": "ka- + baca (“to read”) → kabaca (“to be read”)",
"type": "example"
}
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[
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"transitive#English"
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[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
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"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
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}
],
"glosses": [
"verb-forming prefix",
"implies that the action can be done"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"noun-forming prefix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
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"text": "ka- + rugi (“loss”) → karugi (“loss”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + hayang (“to want”) → kahayang (“desire, want”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
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"abstract noun-forming prefix"
],
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[
"abstract noun",
"abstract noun#English"
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[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
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],
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{
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{
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{
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{
"sense": "Negative subjunctive",
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{
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{
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{
"sense": "Positive past conditional",
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{
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{
"word": "-a-1"
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{
"sense": "Perfect",
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{
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{
"english": "Already",
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{
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
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{
"english": "If/When",
"translation": "If/When",
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{
"english": "If not",
"translation": "If not",
"word": "-sipo-"
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{
"sense": "Consecutive",
"word": "-ka-1"
},
{
"word": "Infix position positive subject concord"
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{
"sense": "Negative past",
"word": "-ku-1"
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{
"sense": "Negative future",
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{
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"sense": "Negative present conditional",
"word": "-nge-"
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{
"sense": "Negative past conditional",
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{
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{
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{
"sense": "Present",
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{
"sense": "Future",
"word": "-taka-"
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{
"sense": "Negative",
"word": "-si-"
},
{
"word": "Relative"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonyms: ali-, ame-"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
39
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
37,
40
]
],
"english": "I have worked hard on my own and God has helped me, […]",
"ref": "1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 5:",
"text": "Nimefanya jitihada mwenyewe na Mungu kanisaidia,[…]",
"translation": "I have worked hard on my own and God has helped me, […]",
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},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
],
[
17,
19
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
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16,
19
]
],
"english": "President Obama has left, let us not return to a life of shame",
"ref": "2013, “Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu”, in Mwananchi:",
"text": "Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu",
"translation": "President Obama has left, let us not return to a life of shame",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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"form": "ᜃ",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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],
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"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "prefix",
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],
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{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + sama (“to accompany”) → kasama (“partner”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + opisina (“office”) → kaopisina (“coworker”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + mukha (“face”) → kamukha (“someone/something similar; look-alike”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + away (“fight”) → kaaway (“enemy”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies similarity or interaction"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + hapon (“afternoon”) → kahapon (“yesterday”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + gabi (“night”) → kagabi (“last night”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies past time"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + sigaw (“shout”) → kasisigaw (“repeatedly shouting”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + isip (“mind, thought”) → kaiisip (“thinking a lot”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies repeated action"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with initial syllable repetition) implies repeated action"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with initial syllable repetition"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + punta (“going”) → kapupunta (“recently went”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + luto (“cooking, cuisine”) → kaluluto (“recently cooked”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies recent action"
],
"links": [
[
"lang",
"lang#Tagalog"
],
[
"lamang",
"lamang#Tagalog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with initial syllable repetition, followed by lang or lamang) implies recent action"
],
"raw_tags": [
"followed by lang or lamang",
"with initial syllable repetition"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ka- + galang (“respect”) → kagalang-galang (“inspiring great respect”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ka- + paniwala (“belief”) → kapani-paniwala (“very plausible”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with initial two syllables repetition) implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with initial two syllables repetition"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka/",
"tags": [
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]
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Download raw JSONL data for ka- meaning in All languages combined (82.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Badlit spelling ᜃ",
"path": [
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],
"section": "Cebuano",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ka-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Badlit spelling ᜃ",
"path": [
"ka-"
],
"section": "Cebuano",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ka-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1412",
"msg": "gloss may contain unhandled list items: third-person singular animate ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]) recent-past perfective marker",
"path": [
"ka-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ka-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "linkages/371",
"msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: Telegrammic: ka-1 desc=Telegrammic rest=ka-1 cls=romanization cls2=romanization e1=False e2=False",
"path": [
"ka-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ka-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "linkages/371",
"msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: Gnomic: -a-1 desc=Gnomic rest=-a-1 cls=romanization cls2=romanization e1=False e2=False",
"path": [
"ka-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ka-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1412",
"msg": "gloss may contain unhandled list items: [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_12|class 12]] pronominal concord",
"path": [
"ka-"
],
"section": "Tooro",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ka-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1412",
"msg": "gloss may contain unhandled list items: they; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_12|class 12]] subject concord",
"path": [
"ka-"
],
"section": "Tooro",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ka-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1412",
"msg": "gloss may contain unhandled list items: positive imperative form of -ka- (“it; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_12|class 12]] object concord”)",
"path": [
"ka-"
],
"section": "Tooro",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ka-",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (e2469cc and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.