See kuto- on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "From kutoa (“to lack”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "kuto-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "to not come",
"text": "kutokuja",
"translation": "to not come",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"english": "They decided not to give me a chance.",
"text": "Waliamua kutonipa nafasi.",
"translation": "They decided not to give me a chance.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
23,
26
],
[
31,
34
]
],
"english": "Stupidity is caused by not reading books.",
"text": "Ujinga utokana na kutosoma vitabu.",
"translation": "Stupidity is caused by not reading books.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"negative infinitive marker"
],
"id": "en-kuto--sw-prefix-lNSqzTtL",
"related": [
{
"sense": "Positive infinitive",
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive infinitive",
"word": "kw-1"
},
{
"sense": "Habitual",
"word": "hu-1"
},
{
"word": "ka-1"
},
{
"word": "Initial"
},
{
"tags": [
"-i"
],
"word": "Negative present"
},
{
"word": "Final"
},
{
"word": "-a-1"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
"word": "past: -lisha-"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
"word": "present: -mesha-"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
"word": "-sha-"
},
{
"english": "If/When",
"translation": "If/When",
"word": "-ki-1"
},
{
"english": "If not",
"translation": "If not",
"word": "-sipo-"
},
{
"word": "Infix position positive subject concord"
},
{
"english": "Not yet",
"translation": "Not yet",
"word": "-ja-1"
},
{
"word": "Infix position negative subject concord"
},
{
"word": "Relative"
},
{
"sense": "General (positive indicative)",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"sense": "Positive subjunctive",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"sense": "Second person plural",
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"sense": "Positive past",
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive present",
"word": "-na-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive future",
"word": "-ta-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative subjunctive",
"word": "-si-1"
},
{
"sense": "Positive present conditional",
"word": "-nge-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative present conditional",
"word": "-singe-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative present conditional",
"word": "-nge-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive past conditional",
"word": "-ngali-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative past conditional",
"word": "-singali-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative past conditional",
"word": "-ngali-"
},
{
"sense": "Perfect",
"word": "-me-"
},
{
"sense": "Consecutive",
"word": "-ka-1"
},
{
"sense": "Negative past",
"word": "-ku-1"
},
{
"sense": "Negative future",
"word": "-ta-"
},
{
"sense": "Past",
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"sense": "Present",
"word": "-na-"
},
{
"sense": "Future",
"word": "-taka-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative",
"word": "-si-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-kuto.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Sw-ke-kuto.flac/Sw-ke-kuto.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Sw-ke-kuto.flac/Sw-ke-kuto.flac.ogg"
}
],
"word": "kuto-"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From kutoa (“to lack”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "kuto-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"sense": "Positive infinitive",
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive infinitive",
"word": "kw-1"
},
{
"sense": "Habitual",
"word": "hu-1"
},
{
"word": "ka-1"
},
{
"word": "Initial"
},
{
"sense": "General (positive indicative)",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"sense": "Positive subjunctive",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"tags": [
"-i"
],
"word": "Negative present"
},
{
"sense": "Second person plural",
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"word": "Final"
},
{
"sense": "Positive past",
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive present",
"word": "-na-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive future",
"word": "-ta-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative subjunctive",
"word": "-si-1"
},
{
"sense": "Positive present conditional",
"word": "-nge-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative present conditional",
"word": "-singe-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive past conditional",
"word": "-ngali-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative past conditional",
"word": "-singali-"
},
{
"word": "-a-1"
},
{
"sense": "Perfect",
"word": "-me-"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
"word": "past: -lisha-"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
"word": "present: -mesha-"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
"word": "-sha-"
},
{
"english": "If/When",
"translation": "If/When",
"word": "-ki-1"
},
{
"english": "If not",
"translation": "If not",
"word": "-sipo-"
},
{
"sense": "Consecutive",
"word": "-ka-1"
},
{
"word": "Infix position positive subject concord"
},
{
"sense": "Negative past",
"word": "-ku-1"
},
{
"sense": "Negative future",
"word": "-ta-"
},
{
"english": "Not yet",
"translation": "Not yet",
"word": "-ja-1"
},
{
"sense": "Negative present conditional",
"word": "-nge-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative past conditional",
"word": "-ngali-"
},
{
"word": "Infix position negative subject concord"
},
{
"sense": "Past",
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"sense": "Present",
"word": "-na-"
},
{
"sense": "Future",
"word": "-taka-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative",
"word": "-si-"
},
{
"word": "Relative"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili lemmas",
"Swahili prefixes",
"Swahili terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "to not come",
"text": "kutokuja",
"translation": "to not come",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"english": "They decided not to give me a chance.",
"text": "Waliamua kutonipa nafasi.",
"translation": "They decided not to give me a chance.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
23,
26
],
[
31,
34
]
],
"english": "Stupidity is caused by not reading books.",
"text": "Ujinga utokana na kutosoma vitabu.",
"translation": "Stupidity is caused by not reading books.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"negative infinitive marker"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-kuto.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Sw-ke-kuto.flac/Sw-ke-kuto.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Sw-ke-kuto.flac/Sw-ke-kuto.flac.ogg"
}
],
"word": "kuto-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kuto- meaning in All languages combined (3.2kB)
{
"called_from": "linkages/371",
"msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: Telegrammic: ka-1 desc=Telegrammic rest=ka-1 cls=romanization cls2=romanization e1=False e2=False",
"path": [
"kuto-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "kuto-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "linkages/371",
"msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: Gnomic: -a-1 desc=Gnomic rest=-a-1 cls=romanization cls2=romanization e1=False e2=False",
"path": [
"kuto-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "kuto-",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.