See ka- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phi-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Philippine:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Philippine:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Batanic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tao",
"2": "ka-",
"t": "company, as ... as, abstract noun; and then, just now, only; stative verb prefix reappearing in forming transitive verbs; very (reduplicated root); animals named after certain features (reduplicated root)"
},
"expansion": "Yami: ka- (“company, as ... as, abstract noun; and then, just now, only; stative verb prefix reappearing in forming transitive verbs; very (reduplicated root); animals named after certain features (reduplicated root)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yami: ka- (“company, as ... as, abstract noun; and then, just now, only; stative verb prefix reappearing in forming transitive verbs; very (reduplicated root); animals named after certain features (reduplicated root)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greater Central Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog: ka-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tagalog: ka-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Coastal Bikol"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Bikol Central: ka-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bikol Central: ka-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bisayan/Visayan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano: ka-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cebuano: ka-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Indonesian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greater North Borneo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-mly-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Malayic"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ke-"
},
"expansion": "Malay: ke-\nIndonesian: ke-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Malay: ke-\nIndonesian: ke-"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "min",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Minangkabau: ka-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Minangkabau: ka-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osn"
},
"expansion": "Old Sundanese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Sundanese:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "su",
"2": "ᮊ-",
"tr": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Sundanese: ᮊ- (ka-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sundanese: ᮊ- (ka-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mad"
},
"expansion": "Madurese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Madurese:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kkv",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Kangean: ka-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kangean: ka-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese: ka-\nJavanese: k-, ꦏ- (ka-), ꦏꦼ- (ke-)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Javanese: ka-\nJavanese: k-, ꦏ- (ka-), ꦏꦼ- (ke-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-cet-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pqe-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-oce-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Oceanic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Micronesian"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Micronesian"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkj",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Mokilese: ka-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mokilese: ka-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ka-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ka-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *ka-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/ka-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 8 1 5 19 18 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marker of past time in temporal expressions"
],
"id": "en-ka--poz-pro-prefix-Pro-txLa",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "*ma-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stative marker in irrealis constructions"
],
"id": "en-ka--poz-pro-prefix-FXVN5n5Z",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"extremely; superlative"
],
"id": "en-ka--poz-pro-prefix-hniNFd1L",
"links": [
[
"extremely",
"extremely"
],
[
"superlative",
"superlative"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mate, partner, cohort"
],
"id": "en-ka--poz-pro-prefix-2WzLymam",
"links": [
[
"mate",
"mate"
],
[
"partner",
"partner"
],
[
"cohort",
"cohort"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"formative for abstract nouns of quality"
],
"id": "en-ka--poz-pro-prefix-hLgtvfch",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"manner in which an action is carried out"
],
"id": "en-ka--poz-pro-prefix-xbh2HG29",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"past participle, achieved state"
],
"id": "en-ka--poz-pro-prefix-LfDDgyZ~",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka/"
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian lemmas",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian prefixes",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phi-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Philippine:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Philippine:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Batanic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tao",
"2": "ka-",
"t": "company, as ... as, abstract noun; and then, just now, only; stative verb prefix reappearing in forming transitive verbs; very (reduplicated root); animals named after certain features (reduplicated root)"
},
"expansion": "Yami: ka- (“company, as ... as, abstract noun; and then, just now, only; stative verb prefix reappearing in forming transitive verbs; very (reduplicated root); animals named after certain features (reduplicated root)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yami: ka- (“company, as ... as, abstract noun; and then, just now, only; stative verb prefix reappearing in forming transitive verbs; very (reduplicated root); animals named after certain features (reduplicated root)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greater Central Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog: ka-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tagalog: ka-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Coastal Bikol"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Bikol Central: ka-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bikol Central: ka-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bisayan/Visayan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano: ka-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cebuano: ka-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Indonesian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greater North Borneo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-mly-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Malayic"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ke-"
},
"expansion": "Malay: ke-\nIndonesian: ke-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Malay: ke-\nIndonesian: ke-"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "min",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Minangkabau: ka-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Minangkabau: ka-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osn"
},
"expansion": "Old Sundanese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Sundanese:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "su",
"2": "ᮊ-",
"tr": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Sundanese: ᮊ- (ka-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sundanese: ᮊ- (ka-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mad"
},
"expansion": "Madurese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Madurese:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kkv",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Kangean: ka-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kangean: ka-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese: ka-\nJavanese: k-, ꦏ- (ka-), ꦏꦼ- (ke-)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Javanese: ka-\nJavanese: k-, ꦏ- (ka-), ꦏꦼ- (ke-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-cet-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pqe-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-oce-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Oceanic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Micronesian"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Micronesian"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkj",
"2": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "Mokilese: ka-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mokilese: ka-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ka-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ka-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *ka-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/ka-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"marker of past time in temporal expressions"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "*ma-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stative marker in irrealis constructions"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"extremely; superlative"
],
"links": [
[
"extremely",
"extremely"
],
[
"superlative",
"superlative"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mate, partner, cohort"
],
"links": [
[
"mate",
"mate"
],
[
"partner",
"partner"
],
[
"cohort",
"cohort"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"formative for abstract nouns of quality"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"manner in which an action is carried out"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"past participle, achieved state"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka/"
}
],
"word": "ka-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ka- meaning in Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Malayo-Polynesian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.