See e- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "ei"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: ei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: ei"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "pole",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Estonian: pole",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from dialectal <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"et\">ep</i>; contraction of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"et\">ep ole</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from dialectal ep; contraction of ep ole)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Estonian: pole (from dialectal ep; contraction of ep ole)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ei"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: ei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: ei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "ei"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: ei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: ei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "ei"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: ei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: ei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "ä'b"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: ä'b",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: ä'b"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "ei"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: ei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: ei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "ei"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: ei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: ei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ei"
},
"expansion": "Veps: ei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: ei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "eb"
},
"expansion": "Votic: eb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: eb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "ei",
"3": "eiq"
},
"expansion": "Võro: ei, eiq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: ei, eiq"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*e-",
"id": "not"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *e-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*i-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *i-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ii"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami ii",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a- (negative verb stem). Cognate with Proto-Samic *i- (whence Northern Sami ii). The imperative forms are from the Proto-Uralic negative imperative verb stem *älä-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "e-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "esin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "et",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "esit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "äläk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "epi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "epä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägäsen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ekmek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ekmäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "esimek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "esimäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "älägätemek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "älägätämäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ektek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ektäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esidek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esidäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägäte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägätä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ebät",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "epi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägäsen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/e-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ehkä"
},
{
"word": "? *eksüdäk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The negative verb, not"
],
"id": "en-e--urj-fin-pro-verb-fwf-2wZ4",
"links": [
[
"negative verb",
"negative verb#English"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ehkä"
},
{
"word": "? *eksüdäk"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "ei"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: ei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: ei"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "pole",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Estonian: pole",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from dialectal <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"et\">ep</i>; contraction of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"et\">ep ole</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from dialectal ep; contraction of ep ole)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Estonian: pole (from dialectal ep; contraction of ep ole)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ei"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: ei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: ei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "ei"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: ei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: ei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "ei"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: ei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: ei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "ä'b"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: ä'b",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: ä'b"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "ei"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: ei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: ei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "ei"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: ei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: ei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ei"
},
"expansion": "Veps: ei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: ei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "eb"
},
"expansion": "Votic: eb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: eb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "ei",
"3": "eiq"
},
"expansion": "Võro: ei, eiq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: ei, eiq"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*e-",
"id": "not"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *e-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*i-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *i-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ii"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami ii",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a- (negative verb stem). Cognate with Proto-Samic *i- (whence Northern Sami ii). The imperative forms are from the Proto-Uralic negative imperative verb stem *älä-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "e-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "en",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "esin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "et",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "esit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "äläk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "epi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "epä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägäsen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ekmek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ekmäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "esimek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "esimäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "älägätemek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "älägätämäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ektek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ektäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esidek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esidäk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägäte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägätä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ebät",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "epi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "älägäsen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/e-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"The negative verb, not"
],
"links": [
[
"negative verb",
"negative verb#English"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "e-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for e- meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.