See un- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for un- meaning in All languages combined (47.6kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "negative"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ne"
},
"expansion": "*ne",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ne"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ne",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old English un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Scots un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "on-",
"3": "",
"4": "un-"
},
"expansion": "on- (“un-”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ün-"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian ün-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "uun-"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian uun-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ûn-"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian ûn-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "on-"
},
"expansion": "on-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "on-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch on-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Low German un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "on-"
},
"expansion": "on-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "German un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "u-"
},
"expansion": "Danish u-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "o-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish o-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "u-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian u-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "ó-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic ó-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Latin in-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "English a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "α-"
},
"expansion": "Greek α- (a-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अ-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अ- (a-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "in-",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of in- and a-",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n PIE word\n *ne\nFrom Middle English un-, from Old English un-, from Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-. Cognate with Scots un-, on- (“un-”), North Frisian ün-, Saterland Frisian uun-, West Frisian ûn-, on-, Dutch on-, Low German un-, on-, German un-, Danish u-, Swedish o-, Norwegian u-, Icelandic ó-. More distant cognate with Latin in-, Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (whence English a-, modern Greek α- (a-)) and Sanskrit अ- (a-).\nDoublet of in- and a-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 1 22 13 10 8 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + educated → uneducated (“not educated”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"not"
],
"id": "en-un--en-prefix-JUu5e1fx",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to adjectives or past participles) not"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to adjectives or past participles"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "98 0 2",
"sense": "not",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 2",
"sense": "not",
"word": "an-"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 2",
"sense": "not",
"word": "dys-"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 2",
"sense": "not",
"word": "i-"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 2",
"sense": "not",
"word": "il-"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 2",
"sense": "not",
"word": "im-"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 2",
"sense": "not",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 2",
"sense": "not",
"word": "ir-"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 2",
"sense": "not",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 2",
"sense": "not",
"word": "non-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + conformity → unconformity (“lack of conformity”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lack of"
],
"id": "en-un--en-prefix-1KyOad00",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns) lack of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "an-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "ան-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "čʿ-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "չ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "dž-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "դժ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "t-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "տ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "ne-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "sen-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "ó-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "-ton"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "epä-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "non-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "u-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "უ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "un-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "a-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "α-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "-talan"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "-telen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "-atlan"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "-etlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "-tlan"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "-tlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "ó-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "emika-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "emiki-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "emi-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mu-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "무"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "bez-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "nie-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "des-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bez-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "без-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bes-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "бес-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ne-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "не-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "ao-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "mì-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "neo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "eu-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "do-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "nje-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 86 13",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "o-"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 1 28 9 13 8 19 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 1 22 13 10 8 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + conference → unconference"
}
],
"glosses": [
"contrary to traditional norms; unconventional"
],
"id": "en-un--en-prefix-alA-j2br",
"links": [
[
"traditional",
"traditional"
],
[
"unconventional",
"unconventional"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns) contrary to traditional norms; unconventional"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "on-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "nuk ka"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "an-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ան-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "čʿ-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "չ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "dž-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "դժ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "t-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "տ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mala-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "мала-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "malko",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "малко"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bù-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "不-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "on-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ne-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "sen-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ó-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "-ton"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "mal"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "non-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ara-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "არა-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "u- -o",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "უ- -ო"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "u-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "უ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "un-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "a-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "α-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "a-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ἀ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ó-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "e-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "on-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "u-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ú-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ó-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "بیـ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "بی"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "nie-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ne-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "i-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ne-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "не-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ao-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "mì-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "neo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "eu-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "do-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "an-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "nje-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "o-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 35 58",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "van-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "on-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "pa-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "haka-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "հակա-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "na-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "nje-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "не-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "o-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "অ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ne-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "не-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bù",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "不"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "無"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wú",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "无"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "ne-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "u-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "on-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "epä-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "anti-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "non-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "anti-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "un-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anti-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "αντι-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "ó-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"alt": "ふ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fu",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "不-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"alt": "はん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "han",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "反-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"alt": "む",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mu",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "無-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "ora"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "e-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bul-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "불"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ban-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "반"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "bǭ-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "ບໍ່-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ne-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "не-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "nie-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "anti-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "não-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ne-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "не-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "an-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "mì-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "не-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "ne-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "ne-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "ne-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "nje-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "o-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "anti-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 96",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ne-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "не-"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/an/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-un-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg/En-us-un-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "reversal prefix"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂énti"
},
"expansion": "*h₂énti",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "h₂énti"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *h₂énti",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂en-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "on-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English on-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "on-"
},
"expansion": "Old English on-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ond-"
},
"expansion": "ond-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "and-",
"3": "",
"4": "against, facing, toward; in return, back, without"
},
"expansion": "and- (“against, facing, toward; in return, back, without”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*anda-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *anda-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*anda-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *anda-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*andi-",
"3": "",
"4": "against"
},
"expansion": "*andi- (“against”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂énti",
"4": "",
"5": "across, forth, forward, ahead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth, forward, ahead”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂énts",
"3": "",
"4": "end, limit, forehead"
},
"expansion": "*h₂énts (“end, limit, forehead”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "and-"
},
"expansion": "and-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n PIE word\n *h₂énti\nFrom Middle English on-, from Old English on-, ond-, and- (“against, facing, toward; in return, back, without”), from Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *anda-, *andi- (“against”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth, forward, ahead”), from *h₂énts (“end, limit, forehead”). More at and-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 1 22 13 10 8 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + dress → undress (“to take one's clothes off”)"
},
{
"text": "un- + lock → unlock (“to undo the locking of”)"
},
{
"ref": "1996, “Un-Break My Heart”, in Secrets, performed by Toni Braxton",
"text": "Un-cry these tears I cried so many nights\nUn-break my heart",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the inverse of a specified action"
],
"id": "en-un--en-prefix-KAMrNat8",
"links": [
[
"inverse",
"inverse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to verbs) the inverse of a specified action"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to verbs"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "75 7 18",
"sense": "opposite",
"word": "anti-"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 7 18",
"sense": "opposite",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 7 18",
"sense": "opposite",
"word": "non-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + cage → uncage (“to release from a cage”)"
},
{
"text": "un- + tangle → untangle (“to remove the tangling of”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"deprive of, release from, free from, remove from, extract from"
],
"id": "en-un--en-prefix-a2UzAT-V",
"links": [
[
"deprive",
"deprive"
],
[
"release",
"release"
],
[
"free",
"free"
],
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"extract",
"extract"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns to form verbs) deprive of, release from, free from, remove from, extract from"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns to form verbs"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"sense": "release",
"word": "de-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"sense": "release",
"word": "dis-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"sense": "release",
"word": "off-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + decipher → undecipher"
},
{
"text": "un- + thaw → unthaw"
}
],
"glosses": [
"intensifying a verb that already suggests opposition or removal"
],
"id": "en-un--en-prefix-en:intensifier",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) intensifying a verb that already suggests opposition or removal"
],
"senseid": [
"en:intensifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/an/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-un-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg/En-us-un-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "36 36 28",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ap-",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "ապ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 28",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "ont-"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 28",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 28",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "dé-"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 28",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "dés-"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 28",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "des-"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 28",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "ent-"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 28",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apo-",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "απο-"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 28",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "af-"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 28",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "s-"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 28",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "av-"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 28",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "des-"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 28",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "des-"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 36 28",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "av-"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ūnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin ūnus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ūnus.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 1 23 9 10 8 30 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 1 22 13 10 8 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- (“1”) + bi- (“2”) + un- (“1”) + -ium (element suffix) → unbiunium (“element 121”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used for the digit one to form temporary names of elements whose existence has been predicted, and which have not yet been given a trivial name."
],
"id": "en-un--en-prefix-F1Cfb5vS",
"links": [
[
"element",
"element"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + decillion (“10³³”) → undecillion (“10³⁶”)"
},
{
"text": "un- + vigintillion (“10⁶³”) → unvigintillion (“10⁶⁶”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form large numbers as the first in the sequence."
],
"id": "en-un--en-prefix-j~g0YlY~",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/an/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-un-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg/En-us-un-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-un-"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German un-, from Old High German un-, from Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"un- (denoting absence, a lack of; violative of; contrary to)"
],
"id": "en-un--de-prefix-Nr22d3RN",
"links": [
[
"un-",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + Ding (“thing”) → Unding (“something unacceptable”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + Fall (“case, situation”) → Unfall (“accident”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + Mensch (“human being”) → Unmensch (“brute, barbarian”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + Tier (“animal”) → Untier (“beast, monster”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + Wetter (“weather”) → Unwetter (“storm, severe weather”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grave; bad; horrifying"
],
"id": "en-un--de-prefix-RhJQT27d",
"links": [
[
"grave",
"grave"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"horrifying",
"horrifying"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔʊn]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʊŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʊm/"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐌿𐌽-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐌿𐌽-"
],
"id": "en-un--got-romanization-EaV95x5E",
"links": [
[
"𐌿𐌽-",
"𐌿𐌽-#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "an-"
},
"expansion": "German an-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "aan-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch aan-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "on-"
},
"expansion": "English on-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare German an-, Dutch aan-, English on-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"prefixed form of un (“at, on”)",
"at, to, toward"
],
"id": "en-un--lb-prefix-B00sjrpP",
"links": [
[
"un",
"un#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"prefixed form of un (“at, on”)",
"on, up"
],
"id": "en-un--lb-prefix-JAz3s3tw",
"links": [
[
"un",
"un#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"up",
"up"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "léien (“to tell a lie”) + un- → uléien (“to lie to someone”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prefixed form of un (“at, on”)",
"used to make certain intransitive verbs transitive"
],
"id": "en-un--lb-prefix-auQgaW0S",
"links": [
[
"un",
"un#Luxembourgish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/un/"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "un",
"3": "",
"4": "one, single"
},
"expansion": "un (“one, single”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From un (“one, single”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Manx entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"uni-, mono-, one"
],
"id": "en-un--gv-prefix-Rr9YkltD",
"links": [
[
"uni-",
"uni-"
],
[
"mono-",
"mono-"
],
[
"one",
"one"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Scots: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "English: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: un-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ne",
"3": "",
"4": "not"
},
"expansion": "*ne (“not”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ó-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ó-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐌽-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐌽- (un-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Latin in-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish in-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *ne (“not”). Cognate with Old Frisian un-, Old Saxon un-, Old Dutch un-, Old High German un-, Old Norse ó-, Gothic 𐌿𐌽- (un-). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), Latin in-, and Old Irish in-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + dēadlīċ (“mortal”) → undēadlīċ (“immortal”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + dēop (“deep”) → undēop (“shallow”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + dīere (“expensive”) → undīere (“cheap”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + druncen (“drunk”) → undruncen (“sober”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + fæġer (“beautiful”) → unfæġer (“ugly”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + ġewǣpnod (“armed”) → unġewǣpnod (“unarmed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + nytt (“useful”) → unnytt (“useless”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + sċyldiġ (“guilty”) → unsċyldiġ (“innocent”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + rīpe (“mature”) → unrīpe (“immature”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + wita (“knower”) → unwita (“idiot”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"negation or absence of: un-, non- (added to nouns and adjectives)"
],
"id": "en-un--ang-prefix-XVSvmN1k",
"links": [
[
"negation",
"negation"
],
[
"absence",
"absence"
],
[
"un-",
"un-"
],
[
"non-",
"non-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + dǣd (“action”) → undǣd (“crime”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + hlīsa (“fame”) → unhlīsa (“infamy”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + lǣċe (“doctor”) → unlǣċe (“quack”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + lyft (“air”) → unlyft (“malaria,” lit. “bad air”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + mann (“person”) → unmann (“thug”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + rǣd (“advice”) → unrǣd (“bad advice”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + stenċ (“smell”) → unstenċ (“stench”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + swefn (“dream”) → unswefn (“bad dream”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + tīma (“time”) → untīma (“wrong time”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + þēaw (“habit”) → unþēaw (“vice”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + weder (“weather”) → unweder (“bad weather”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad (added to nouns to denote a pejorative sense; compare mis-, mal-)"
],
"id": "en-un--ang-prefix-mF9QoXCa",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"mis-",
"mis-#English"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "bad",
"word": "yfel"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/un/"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "on-"
},
"expansion": "on-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*and-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *and-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "und-"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian und-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ant-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon ant-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ant-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ant-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ent-"
},
"expansion": "German ent-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally an alternative form of on-, from Proto-Germanic *and-. Cognate with Old Frisian und-, Old Saxon ant-, Old High German ant- (German ent-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 32 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms verbs from verbs, with an opposite or reversive sense"
],
"id": "en-un--ang-prefix-PJnJjko0",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "on-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/un/"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "o-",
"3": "u-"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: o-, u-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: o-, u-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "German: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "אומ־"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: אומ־ (um-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: אומ־ (um-)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ne",
"3": "",
"4": "not"
},
"expansion": "*ne (“not”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Latin in-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish in-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *ne (“not”). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), Latin in-, and Old Irish in-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "goh-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"un-; prefix of negation, absence or contrariness"
],
"id": "en-un--goh-prefix-zQigoF~S",
"links": [
[
"un-",
"un-#English"
],
[
"negation",
"negation"
],
[
"absence",
"absence"
],
[
"contrariness",
"contrariness"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *un-\nOld English: un-, on-\nMiddle English: un-\nScots: un-\nEnglish: un-\nOld Frisian: un-\nNorth Frisian: ün-\nSaterland Frisian: uun-\nWest Frisian: ûn-, on-\nOld Saxon: un-\nLow German: on-, un-\nOld Dutch: un-\nMiddle Dutch: on-\nDutch: on-\nAfrikaans: on-\nLimburgish: ón-\nOld High German: un-\nMiddle High German: un-\nAlemannic German: o-, u-\nGerman: un-\nLuxembourgish: un-\nYiddish: אומ־ (um-)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *un-\nOld English: un-, on-\nMiddle English: un-\nScots: un-\nEnglish: un-\nOld Frisian: un-\nNorth Frisian: ün-\nSaterland Frisian: uun-\nWest Frisian: ûn-, on-\nOld Saxon: un-\nLow German: on-, un-\nOld Dutch: un-\nMiddle Dutch: on-\nDutch: on-\nAfrikaans: on-\nLimburgish: ón-\nOld High German: un-\nMiddle High German: un-\nAlemannic German: o-, u-\nGerman: un-\nLuxembourgish: un-\nYiddish: אומ־ (um-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚢᚾ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᚢᚾ- (un-)\nOld Norse: ú-, ó-\nIcelandic: ó-\nFaroese: ó-\nNorwegian Nynorsk: u-, o-\nOld Swedish: ō-\nSwedish: o-\nDanish: u-\nNorwegian Bokmål: u-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᚢᚾ- (un-)\nOld Norse: ú-, ó-\nIcelandic: ó-\nFaroese: ó-\nNorwegian Nynorsk: u-, o-\nOld Swedish: ō-\nSwedish: o-\nDanish: u-\nNorwegian Bokmål: u-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐌽-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌿𐌽- (un-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌿𐌽- (un-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvn",
"2": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Vandalic: *un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vandalic: *un-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/un-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"not, un-"
],
"id": "en-un--gem-pro-prefix-qcT8rj7t",
"links": [
[
"un-",
"un-"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ne"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old English: un-, on-\nMiddle English: un-\nScots: un-\nEnglish: un-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: un-, on-\nMiddle English: un-\nScots: un-\nEnglish: un-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ün-"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: ün-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: ün-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "uun-"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: uun-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: uun-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ûn-",
"3": "on-"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: ûn-, on-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: ûn-, on-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "on-",
"3": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Low German: on-, un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: on-, un-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "on-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: on-\nDutch: on-\nAfrikaans: on-\nLimburgish: ón-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: on-\nDutch: on-\nAfrikaans: on-\nLimburgish: ón-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: un-\nMiddle High German: un-\nAlemannic German: o-, u-\nGerman: un-\nLuxembourgish: un-\nYiddish: אומ־ (um-)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: un-\nMiddle High German: un-\nAlemannic German: o-, u-\nGerman: un-\nLuxembourgish: un-\nYiddish: אומ־ (um-)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *un-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*un-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/un-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"not, un-"
],
"id": "en-un--gmw-pro-prefix-qcT8rj7t",
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
],
[
"un-",
"un-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ne",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "negative"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ne"
},
"expansion": "*ne",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ne"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ne",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old English un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Scots un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "on-",
"3": "",
"4": "un-"
},
"expansion": "on- (“un-”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ün-"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian ün-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "uun-"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian uun-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ûn-"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian ûn-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "on-"
},
"expansion": "on-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "on-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch on-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Low German un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "on-"
},
"expansion": "on-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "German un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "u-"
},
"expansion": "Danish u-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "o-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish o-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "u-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian u-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "ó-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic ó-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Latin in-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "English a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "α-"
},
"expansion": "Greek α- (a-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अ-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अ- (a-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "in-",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of in- and a-",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n PIE word\n *ne\nFrom Middle English un-, from Old English un-, from Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-. Cognate with Scots un-, on- (“un-”), North Frisian ün-, Saterland Frisian uun-, West Frisian ûn-, on-, Dutch on-, Low German un-, on-, German un-, Danish u-, Swedish o-, Norwegian u-, Icelandic ó-. More distant cognate with Latin in-, Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (whence English a-, modern Greek α- (a-)) and Sanskrit अ- (a-).\nDoublet of in- and a-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + educated → uneducated (“not educated”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"not"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to adjectives or past participles) not"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to adjectives or past participles"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + conformity → unconformity (“lack of conformity”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lack of"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns) lack of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + conference → unconference"
}
],
"glosses": [
"contrary to traditional norms; unconventional"
],
"links": [
[
"traditional",
"traditional"
],
[
"unconventional",
"unconventional"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns) contrary to traditional norms; unconventional"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/an/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-un-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg/En-us-un-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "an-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "dys-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "i-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "il-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "im-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "ir-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "non-"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "on-"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "nuk ka"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "an-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ան-"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "čʿ-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "չ-"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "dž-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "դժ-"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "t-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "տ-"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mala-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "мала-"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "malko",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "малко"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bù-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "不-"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "on-"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ne-"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "sen-"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ó-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "-ton"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "mal"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "non-"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ara-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "არა-"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "u- -o",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "უ- -ო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "u-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "უ-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "un-"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "a-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "α-"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "a-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ἀ-"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ó-"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "e-"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "on-"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "u-"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ú-"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ó-"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "بیـ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "بی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "nie-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ne-"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "i-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ne-",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "не-"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "ao-"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "mì-"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "neo-"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "eu-"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "do-"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "an-"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "nje-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "o-"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "denoting absence",
"word": "van-"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "an-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "ան-"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "čʿ-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "չ-"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "dž-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "դժ-"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "t-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "տ-"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "ne-"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "sen-"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "ó-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "-ton"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "epä-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "non-"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "u-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "უ-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "un-"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "a-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "α-"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "-talan"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "-telen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "-atlan"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "-etlen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "-tlan"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "-tlen"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "ó-"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "emika-"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "emiki-"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "emi-"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mu-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "무"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "bez-"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "nie-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "des-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bez-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "без-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bes-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "бес-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ne-",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "не-"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "ao-"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "mì-"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "neo-"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "eu-"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "do-"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "nje-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "denoting a lack of",
"word": "o-"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "on-"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "pa-"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "haka-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "հակա-"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "na-"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "nje-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "не-"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "o-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "অ-"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ne-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "не-"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bù",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "不"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "無"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wú",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "无"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "ne-"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "u-"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "on-"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "epä-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "anti-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "non-"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "anti-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "un-"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anti-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "αντι-"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "ó-"
},
{
"alt": "ふ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fu",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "不-"
},
{
"alt": "はん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "han",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "反-"
},
{
"alt": "む",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mu",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "無-"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "ora"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "e-"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bul-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "불"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ban-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "반"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "bǭ-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "ບໍ່-"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ne-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "не-"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "nie-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "anti-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "não-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ne-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "не-"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "an-"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "mì-"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "не-"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "ne-"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "ne-"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "ne-"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "nje-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "o-"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "anti-"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ne-",
"sense": "violative of; contrary to",
"word": "не-"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂énti",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "reversal prefix"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂énti"
},
"expansion": "*h₂énti",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "h₂énti"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *h₂énti",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂en-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "on-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English on-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "on-"
},
"expansion": "Old English on-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ond-"
},
"expansion": "ond-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "and-",
"3": "",
"4": "against, facing, toward; in return, back, without"
},
"expansion": "and- (“against, facing, toward; in return, back, without”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*anda-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *anda-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*anda-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *anda-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*andi-",
"3": "",
"4": "against"
},
"expansion": "*andi- (“against”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂énti",
"4": "",
"5": "across, forth, forward, ahead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth, forward, ahead”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂énts",
"3": "",
"4": "end, limit, forehead"
},
"expansion": "*h₂énts (“end, limit, forehead”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "and-"
},
"expansion": "and-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n PIE word\n *h₂énti\nFrom Middle English on-, from Old English on-, ond-, and- (“against, facing, toward; in return, back, without”), from Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *anda-, *andi- (“against”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth, forward, ahead”), from *h₂énts (“end, limit, forehead”). More at and-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + dress → undress (“to take one's clothes off”)"
},
{
"text": "un- + lock → unlock (“to undo the locking of”)"
},
{
"ref": "1996, “Un-Break My Heart”, in Secrets, performed by Toni Braxton",
"text": "Un-cry these tears I cried so many nights\nUn-break my heart",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the inverse of a specified action"
],
"links": [
[
"inverse",
"inverse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to verbs) the inverse of a specified action"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + cage → uncage (“to release from a cage”)"
},
{
"text": "un- + tangle → untangle (“to remove the tangling of”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"deprive of, release from, free from, remove from, extract from"
],
"links": [
[
"deprive",
"deprive"
],
[
"release",
"release"
],
[
"free",
"free"
],
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"extract",
"extract"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns to form verbs) deprive of, release from, free from, remove from, extract from"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns to form verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + decipher → undecipher"
},
{
"text": "un- + thaw → unthaw"
}
],
"glosses": [
"intensifying a verb that already suggests opposition or removal"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) intensifying a verb that already suggests opposition or removal"
],
"senseid": [
"en:intensifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/an/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-un-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg/En-us-un-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "opposite",
"word": "anti-"
},
{
"sense": "opposite",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"sense": "opposite",
"word": "non-"
},
{
"sense": "release",
"word": "de-"
},
{
"sense": "release",
"word": "dis-"
},
{
"sense": "release",
"word": "off-"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ap-",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "ապ-"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "ont-"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "dé-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "dés-"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "des-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "ent-"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apo-",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "απο-"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "af-"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "s-"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "av-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "des-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "des-"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reversal or cancellation",
"word": "av-"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ūnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin ūnus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ūnus.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- (“1”) + bi- (“2”) + un- (“1”) + -ium (element suffix) → unbiunium (“element 121”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used for the digit one to form temporary names of elements whose existence has been predicted, and which have not yet been given a trivial name."
],
"links": [
[
"element",
"element"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + decillion (“10³³”) → undecillion (“10³⁶”)"
},
{
"text": "un- + vigintillion (“10⁶³”) → unvigintillion (“10⁶⁶”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form large numbers as the first in the sequence."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/an/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-un-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg/En-us-un-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-un-"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German prefixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German un-, from Old High German un-, from Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"un- (denoting absence, a lack of; violative of; contrary to)"
],
"links": [
[
"un-",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + Ding (“thing”) → Unding (“something unacceptable”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + Fall (“case, situation”) → Unfall (“accident”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + Mensch (“human being”) → Unmensch (“brute, barbarian”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + Tier (“animal”) → Untier (“beast, monster”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + Wetter (“weather”) → Unwetter (“storm, severe weather”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grave; bad; horrifying"
],
"links": [
[
"grave",
"grave"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"horrifying",
"horrifying"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔʊn]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʊŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʊm/"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐌿𐌽-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"Gothic non-lemma forms",
"Gothic romanizations"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐌿𐌽-"
],
"links": [
[
"𐌿𐌽-",
"𐌿𐌽-#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Luxembourgish 1-syllable words",
"Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"Luxembourgish lemmas",
"Luxembourgish prefixes",
"Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "an-"
},
"expansion": "German an-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "aan-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch aan-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "on-"
},
"expansion": "English on-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare German an-, Dutch aan-, English on-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"prefixed form of un (“at, on”)",
"at, to, toward"
],
"links": [
[
"un",
"un#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"prefixed form of un (“at, on”)",
"on, up"
],
"links": [
[
"un",
"un#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"up",
"up"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "léien (“to tell a lie”) + un- → uléien (“to lie to someone”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prefixed form of un (“at, on”)",
"used to make certain intransitive verbs transitive"
],
"links": [
[
"un",
"un#Luxembourgish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/un/"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "un",
"3": "",
"4": "one, single"
},
"expansion": "un (“one, single”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From un (“one, single”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Manx entries with incorrect language header",
"Manx lemmas",
"Manx prefixes"
],
"glosses": [
"uni-, mono-, one"
],
"links": [
[
"uni-",
"uni-"
],
[
"mono-",
"mono-"
],
[
"one",
"one"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prefixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Scots: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "English: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: un-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ne",
"3": "",
"4": "not"
},
"expansion": "*ne (“not”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ó-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ó-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐌽-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐌽- (un-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Latin in-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish in-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *ne (“not”). Cognate with Old Frisian un-, Old Saxon un-, Old Dutch un-, Old High German un-, Old Norse ó-, Gothic 𐌿𐌽- (un-). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), Latin in-, and Old Irish in-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + dēadlīċ (“mortal”) → undēadlīċ (“immortal”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + dēop (“deep”) → undēop (“shallow”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + dīere (“expensive”) → undīere (“cheap”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + druncen (“drunk”) → undruncen (“sober”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + fæġer (“beautiful”) → unfæġer (“ugly”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + ġewǣpnod (“armed”) → unġewǣpnod (“unarmed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + nytt (“useful”) → unnytt (“useless”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + sċyldiġ (“guilty”) → unsċyldiġ (“innocent”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + rīpe (“mature”) → unrīpe (“immature”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + wita (“knower”) → unwita (“idiot”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"negation or absence of: un-, non- (added to nouns and adjectives)"
],
"links": [
[
"negation",
"negation"
],
[
"absence",
"absence"
],
[
"un-",
"un-"
],
[
"non-",
"non-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + dǣd (“action”) → undǣd (“crime”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + hlīsa (“fame”) → unhlīsa (“infamy”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + lǣċe (“doctor”) → unlǣċe (“quack”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + lyft (“air”) → unlyft (“malaria,” lit. “bad air”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + mann (“person”) → unmann (“thug”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + rǣd (“advice”) → unrǣd (“bad advice”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + stenċ (“smell”) → unstenċ (“stench”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + swefn (“dream”) → unswefn (“bad dream”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + tīma (“time”) → untīma (“wrong time”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + þēaw (“habit”) → unþēaw (“vice”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + weder (“weather”) → unweder (“bad weather”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad (added to nouns to denote a pejorative sense; compare mis-, mal-)"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"mis-",
"mis-#English"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/un/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "bad",
"word": "yfel"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prefixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "on-"
},
"expansion": "on-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*and-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *and-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "und-"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian und-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ant-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon ant-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ant-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ant-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ent-"
},
"expansion": "German ent-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally an alternative form of on-, from Proto-Germanic *and-. Cognate with Old Frisian und-, Old Saxon ant-, Old High German ant- (German ent-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms verbs from verbs, with an opposite or reversive sense"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/un/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "on-"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "o-",
"3": "u-"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: o-, u-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: o-, u-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "German: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "אומ־"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: אומ־ (um-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: אומ־ (um-)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ne",
"3": "",
"4": "not"
},
"expansion": "*ne (“not”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Latin in-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish in-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *ne (“not”). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), Latin in-, and Old Irish in-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "goh-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Old High German lemmas",
"Old High German prefixes",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"un-; prefix of negation, absence or contrariness"
],
"links": [
[
"un-",
"un-#English"
],
[
"negation",
"negation"
],
[
"absence",
"absence"
],
[
"contrariness",
"contrariness"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *un-\nOld English: un-, on-\nMiddle English: un-\nScots: un-\nEnglish: un-\nOld Frisian: un-\nNorth Frisian: ün-\nSaterland Frisian: uun-\nWest Frisian: ûn-, on-\nOld Saxon: un-\nLow German: on-, un-\nOld Dutch: un-\nMiddle Dutch: on-\nDutch: on-\nAfrikaans: on-\nLimburgish: ón-\nOld High German: un-\nMiddle High German: un-\nAlemannic German: o-, u-\nGerman: un-\nLuxembourgish: un-\nYiddish: אומ־ (um-)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *un-\nOld English: un-, on-\nMiddle English: un-\nScots: un-\nEnglish: un-\nOld Frisian: un-\nNorth Frisian: ün-\nSaterland Frisian: uun-\nWest Frisian: ûn-, on-\nOld Saxon: un-\nLow German: on-, un-\nOld Dutch: un-\nMiddle Dutch: on-\nDutch: on-\nAfrikaans: on-\nLimburgish: ón-\nOld High German: un-\nMiddle High German: un-\nAlemannic German: o-, u-\nGerman: un-\nLuxembourgish: un-\nYiddish: אומ־ (um-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚢᚾ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᚢᚾ- (un-)\nOld Norse: ú-, ó-\nIcelandic: ó-\nFaroese: ó-\nNorwegian Nynorsk: u-, o-\nOld Swedish: ō-\nSwedish: o-\nDanish: u-\nNorwegian Bokmål: u-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᚢᚾ- (un-)\nOld Norse: ú-, ó-\nIcelandic: ó-\nFaroese: ó-\nNorwegian Nynorsk: u-, o-\nOld Swedish: ō-\nSwedish: o-\nDanish: u-\nNorwegian Bokmål: u-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐌽-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌿𐌽- (un-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌿𐌽- (un-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvn",
"2": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Vandalic: *un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vandalic: *un-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/un-",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "ne"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prefixes",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"not, un-"
],
"links": [
[
"un-",
"un-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old English: un-, on-\nMiddle English: un-\nScots: un-\nEnglish: un-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: un-, on-\nMiddle English: un-\nScots: un-\nEnglish: un-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ün-"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: ün-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: ün-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "uun-"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: uun-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: uun-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ûn-",
"3": "on-"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: ûn-, on-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: ûn-, on-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "on-",
"3": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Low German: on-, un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: on-, un-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "on-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: on-\nDutch: on-\nAfrikaans: on-\nLimburgish: ón-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: on-\nDutch: on-\nAfrikaans: on-\nLimburgish: ón-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: un-\nMiddle High German: un-\nAlemannic German: o-, u-\nGerman: un-\nLuxembourgish: un-\nYiddish: אומ־ (um-)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: un-\nMiddle High German: un-\nAlemannic German: o-, u-\nGerman: un-\nLuxembourgish: un-\nYiddish: אומ־ (um-)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *un-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*un-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/un-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic prefixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"not, un-"
],
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
],
[
"un-",
"un-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.