See un- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
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"depth": 1,
"templates": [
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"1": "enm",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: un-",
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{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
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"2": "un-"
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{
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"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ó-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ó-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐌽-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐌽- (un-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Latin in-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish in-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *ne (“not”). Cognate with Old Frisian un-, Old Saxon un-, Old Dutch un-, Old High German un-, Old Norse ó-, Gothic 𐌿𐌽- (un-). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), Latin in-, and Old Irish in-.",
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
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],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + dēadlīċ (“mortal”) → undēadlīċ (“immortal”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + dēop (“deep”) → undēop (“shallow”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + dīere (“expensive”) → undīere (“cheap”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + druncen (“drunk”) → undruncen (“sober”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + fæġer (“beautiful”) → unfæġer (“ugly”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + ġewǣpnod (“armed”) → unġewǣpnod (“unarmed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + nytt (“useful”) → unnytt (“useless”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + sċyldiġ (“guilty”) → unsċyldiġ (“innocent”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + rīpe (“mature”) → unrīpe (“immature”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + wita (“knower”) → unwita (“idiot”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"negation or absence of: un-, non- (added to nouns and adjectives)"
],
"id": "en-un--ang-prefix-XVSvmN1k",
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],
[
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],
[
"un-",
"un-"
],
[
"non-",
"non-"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + dǣd (“action”) → undǣd (“crime”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + hlīsa (“fame”) → unhlīsa (“infamy”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + lǣċe (“doctor”) → unlǣċe (“quack”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + lyft (“air”) → unlyft (“malaria,” lit. “bad air”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + mann (“person”) → unmann (“thug”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + rǣd (“advice”) → unrǣd (“bad advice”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + stenċ (“smell”) → unstenċ (“stench”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + swefn (“dream”) → unswefn (“bad dream”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + tīma (“time”) → untīma (“wrong time”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + þēaw (“habit”) → unþēaw (“vice”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + weder (“weather”) → unweder (“bad weather”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad (added to nouns to denote a pejorative sense; compare mis-, mal-)"
],
"id": "en-un--ang-prefix-mF9QoXCa",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"mis-",
"mis-#English"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "bad",
"word": "yfel"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/un/"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "und-"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian und-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ant-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon ant-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ant-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ant-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ent-"
},
"expansion": "German ent-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally an alternative form of on-, from Proto-Germanic *and-. Cognate with Old Frisian und-, Old Saxon ant-, Old High German ant- (German ent-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"head": "",
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},
"expansion": "un-",
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
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"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 31 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms verbs from verbs, with an opposite or reversive sense"
],
"id": "en-un--ang-prefix-PJnJjko0",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "on-"
}
],
"tags": [
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"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/un/"
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"word": "un-"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prefixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
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"args": {
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"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Scots: un-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: un-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "English: un-",
"name": "desc"
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"text": "English: un-"
}
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"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*un-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *un-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ó-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ó-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐌽-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐌽- (un-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Latin in-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish in-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *ne (“not”). Cognate with Old Frisian un-, Old Saxon un-, Old Dutch un-, Old High German un-, Old Norse ó-, Gothic 𐌿𐌽- (un-). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), Latin in-, and Old Irish in-.",
"head_templates": [
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"head": "",
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"expansion": "un-",
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + dēadlīċ (“mortal”) → undēadlīċ (“immortal”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + dēop (“deep”) → undēop (“shallow”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + dīere (“expensive”) → undīere (“cheap”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + druncen (“drunk”) → undruncen (“sober”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + fæġer (“beautiful”) → unfæġer (“ugly”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + ġewǣpnod (“armed”) → unġewǣpnod (“unarmed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + nytt (“useful”) → unnytt (“useless”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + sċyldiġ (“guilty”) → unsċyldiġ (“innocent”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + rīpe (“mature”) → unrīpe (“immature”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + wita (“knower”) → unwita (“idiot”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"negation or absence of: un-, non- (added to nouns and adjectives)"
],
"links": [
[
"negation",
"negation"
],
[
"absence",
"absence"
],
[
"un-",
"un-"
],
[
"non-",
"non-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "un- + dǣd (“action”) → undǣd (“crime”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + hlīsa (“fame”) → unhlīsa (“infamy”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + lǣċe (“doctor”) → unlǣċe (“quack”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + lyft (“air”) → unlyft (“malaria,” lit. “bad air”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + mann (“person”) → unmann (“thug”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + rǣd (“advice”) → unrǣd (“bad advice”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + stenċ (“smell”) → unstenċ (“stench”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + swefn (“dream”) → unswefn (“bad dream”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + tīma (“time”) → untīma (“wrong time”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + þēaw (“habit”) → unþēaw (“vice”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- + weder (“weather”) → unweder (“bad weather”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad (added to nouns to denote a pejorative sense; compare mis-, mal-)"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"mis-",
"mis-#English"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/un/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "bad",
"word": "yfel"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prefixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "und-"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian und-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ant-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon ant-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ant-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ant-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ent-"
},
"expansion": "German ent-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally an alternative form of on-, from Proto-Germanic *and-. Cognate with Old Frisian und-, Old Saxon ant-, Old High German ant- (German ent-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "un-",
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "un-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms verbs from verbs, with an opposite or reversive sense"
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/un/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "on-"
}
],
"word": "un-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for un- meaning in Old English (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.